KR20050071336A - High temperature reformer heated by browngas burner - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a reformer apparatus for gasifying organic matter / carbonaceous material into syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen), which are gaseous fuels. This reforming reaction is an endothermic reaction that reduces all the carbon and hydrogen constituting the organic material to CO and H ₂ molecules. The reforming reaction (gasification) consists of a gas burner and an organic stock feeder that provide heat of reaction to the body where the reduction reaction takes place. In the present invention, brown gas (KR Patent 0117445, 2002-7764. H2 O) generated by igniting a mixture gas of H ₂ and O ₂ gas generated by electrolysis of water in a burner (H ₂ O) ) Is a device that maintains the reduction reactor at> 1200 ℃ and reacts with carbon to efficiently produce syngas (CO + H ₂ ).

O ₂ gas, which incinerates a part of hot steam or organic matter from the outside of the gasifier, does not enter the gasifier at all. The gasification furnace is maintained at> 1200 ° C, so the gasification efficiency is close to 100%, and not only general fossil fuels but also all substances having a carbon atom as a skeleton, especially hazardous / harmful wastes, are gasified uniformly. Since no O ₂ gas enters the gasifier, no secondary pollutants are produced by the oxidation of organic matter (Kim, Hyun Yong Int'1 J. of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 28/11, pp. 1179-1186).

It is a feature of the present invention that the peripheral device of the reforming reactor is simplified by using the heat and high temperature steam generated by igniting the gas generated in the browngas generator in the burner. No syngas and hydrogen / oxygen tanks are required for the burners.

Description

Brown gas burner {High temperature reformer heated by Browngas burner}

The present invention (FIG. 1) is in accordance with an example of the configuration and operation principle of the reforming furnace presented in (FIG. 2) of the patent '0391121', (FIG. 2) of the patent application '10 -2004-0024675 (2004.04.09) ' In syngas burner is replaced with Browngas burner (shown in Figure 3 of the present invention).

1 is a Brown gas reformer of the present invention. The characteristics of the present invention is that the ultra-high temperature (> 2500 ℃) steam (H ₂ O) generated by igniting brown gas in the brown gas burner is introduced into the reduction reactor (reforming furnace) to maintain the reforming furnace at> 1200 ℃ The carbonaceous material coming from the lower organic inlet is reformed into syngas (CO + H ₂ ) (Int'l J. of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 28/11, pp. 1179-1186). Brown's gas is a mixture of H ₂ and O ₂ electrolyzed by water. The characteristics of the Browns gas reformer eliminate the need for gas storage tanks and accompanying gas regulators for the burners, making them simpler and safer to operate.

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Specifically, the organic material gasifier of the present invention,

Igniting the brown gas coming from the brown gas generator generator in the brown gas burner installed in communication with the reforming reactor to generate an extremely high temperature steam (> 2500 ° C.);

Introducing the generated ultra high temperature (> 2500 ° C.) vapor into a gasifier (reformer);

Supplying the organics into the gasifier and reacting with the steam to generate syngas;

Discharging the generated syngas from a gasifier;

Cooling the generated syngas to store in a syngas storage tank (not shown in FIG. 2);

With reference to the drawings looks at the configuration and operating principle of the organic gasifier of the present invention.

Figure 2 is shown in Figure 2 of the patent '0391121 (2003.6.30)' is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration and operating principle of the organic gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. Here, in the gasifier 1, the liquid organic substance supply nozzle 2 which injects liquid organic substances, such as waste oil, into a gasifier, and the solid organic substance supply nozzle which supplies solid organic substances, such as coal, into a gasifier by a screw feeder etc. ( 3) and a vapor feeder 4 for injecting steam into the gasifier at a suitable position according to the organic material to be supplied is installed in the reduction reaction chamber, and the liquid organic material heater 5 for heating the liquid organic material supplied into the gasifier. Is connected to the vapor feeder 4 and the water heater 6 for supplying water in a vapor state into the gasifier. At the upper end of the gasifier 1, an outlet 7 for discharging the product gas from the gasifier 1 is provided, and the product gas recirculation tube 8 for recycling the product gas discharged from the gasifier 1 to be injected into the gasifier, and The oxygen supply pipe 9, which is located adjacent to the product gas recirculation pipe 8 and supplies oxygen for reacting with the recycled product gas, is installed in the oxidation reaction chamber at the bottom of the gasifier 1.

The gasifier 1 has two parts having the same shape and size, that is, a structure in which the upper part and the lower part are connected to each other, so that the manufacturing and maintenance are easy. At the top of the upper part of the gasifier 1, a tungsten grill 10a is provided to promote the reaction of unreacted organic matter in the gas discharged from the gasifier 1 with H ₂ O and CO _2, and the gasifier 1 Tungsten grill (10b) is installed at the lower end of the lower part to uniformly supply the H ₂ O and CO ₂ generated in the oxidation reaction chamber to the reduction reaction chamber and serves to block the solid organic material when the solid organic material is introduced. have. A reduction reaction occurs in which organic matter reacts with CO ₂ and H ₂ O to produce CO and H ₂ between the upper and lower tungsten grills 10a and 10b. Oxygen supplied through the oxygen supply pipe 9 is completely consumed in the oxidation reaction chamber so that no oxygen is present in the reduction reaction chamber. Under the oxidation chamber of the gasifier 1, a ash trap 11 for storing the ash remaining during the reaction is provided. In addition, the wall of the gasifier 1 is used to measure the internal temperature. A thermocouple and a view port 12 for observing the internal reaction state are provided.

Gasifier of the present invention Figure 1 is a device that is easier to operate the device while maintaining the operating principle of Figure 2 will be closer to the practical use. Fire body, top, bottom and Brown gas burner. It is divided into four (4) parts and assembled. The interior of the gasification (reforming) furnace was made of castable ceramics 10 mm thick to maintain> 1200 ° C. The insulation was packed with castables fiber with a thickness of 100-150 mm and the outer wall was 3 mm STS. The position of the sock feeder is at the bottom of the reactor. Brown gas burners are attached to the side and separated from the body (reduction reaction chamber) more than FIG. 2, and can be attached to one to three if necessary. The lower part is where the organics are injected, only the crushed solid organics inlet is shown, but it can also be switched to liquid or gas. In this way, various types of organic substances were easily added to the reformer. In particular, the remnant collector can be easily connected at the bottom.

Brown gas burner in the apparatus according to the present embodiment serves to generate the steam required for the organic material reduction reaction to maintain the internal temperature of the gasifier at> 1200 ℃ by the brown gas is ignited. That is, the oxidation reaction occurring in the oxidation reaction chamber of the gasifier shown in FIG. 2 takes place. The synthesis gas throughput to the gasifier depends on how quickly the brown gas burner provides the heat needed for the reduction reaction.

Hereinafter, the operation of the gasifier of FIG. 1 will be described for the gasification of waste organic matter.

(a) The gasifier of FIG. 1 does not need to be preheated like the gasifier of FIG.

(b) Inject brown gas produced from the brown gas generator into the burner and monitor the temperature increase. When Brown's gas is ignited, the temperature rises, monitoring the oxygen gas detector at the outlet and adjusting the amount of Brown's gas as long as no oxygen gas is detected. Brown gas is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen produced by electrolysis of water, so it burns perfectly, leaving no oxygen at all.

As such, when the amount of brown gas is increased to raise the inside of the gasifier to> 1200 ° C., the inside of the gasifier is filled with steam (H ₂ O) generated from the brown gas ignition and residual synthesis gas.

(c) When the temperature inside the gasifier is maintained at> 1200 ° C, the pre-compressed and crushed solid wastes are fed into the gasifier through a screw press feeder. In an environment heated to> 1200 ° C, all organic compounds (carbonaceous compounds) of organic matter are rapidly reformed with steam (H ₂ O) supplied from a brown gas burner to generate syngas, which is mainly composed of CO and H ₂ . . Since all organic substances are reduced to CO and H ₂ , there are no substances in various oxidation states. The characteristic of the reforming reaction is that only CO and H ₂ are no longer reduced.

(d) Syngas generated by the gasification reaction is discharged out through the top of the gasifier. At about 1200 ° C, the syngas discharged from the gasifier is transferred to storage tanks when the temperature drops below 100 ° C through a heat exchanger.

As described above, according to the apparatus for gasifying the waste organic matter by the gasifier in which the brown gas burner is installed, only H ₂ O, H ₂ , and CO exist in the gasifier since oxygen gas is not introduced into the gasifier. The oxidation reaction does not occur anywhere except the brown gas burner. Brown's composition, O ₂ and H ₂ gas, is completely consumed in the burner and turns into steam (H ₂ O). Therefore, secondary pollutants (in particular, oxide materials such as dioxins, SO _x , and NO _x ) are not generated from the oxidation of waste organic matter, and thus, there is no need for a facility for purifying the product gas such as cyclone.

In addition, the gas generated in the gasifier as described above can be used as a basic raw material of the chemical industry as a high-quality fuel gas (for power generation and heating) mainly composed of H ₂ gas. Since the temperature inside the gasifier is up to> 1200 ° C, all organic substances (-CH ₂ ) _n are reduced to CO and H ₂ close to 100%, which is efficient for gasifying not only general organics but also special industrial organics. When one drum of waste oil or one ton of waste tires is gasified, very little remains. It can be applied not only to general waste organic matter, but also to specialty organic matter such as chemical warfare waste, pesticide waste, hospital waste, transformer waste oil and animal waste. In this process, all pesticides and toxic gases are gasified, and all bacteria contained in hospital wastes are gasified, and Fe, S, Cl, Br, Hg, etc. contained in organic matter are reduced to elements or FeS, FeCl ₃ , HgCl It remains as a small amount of inorganic substances such as HgBr and is collected by the remnant collector. In general radioactive waste, ash remains as UX ₆ (Cl, Br), CeX, etc., and all the rest is gasified. It is estimated that only a small amount of UX ₆ and CeX remains as ash.

That is, the gas generated in such a gasifier is cooled and stored in the tank, and the remaining non-gassed inorganic substances are collected as ash, so that there is no fear of environmental pollution by being discharged to the outside of the apparatus.

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2 is a high temperature reforming reactor using heat generated in a syngas burner disclosed in Patent No. 0391121 (2003.6.30). 1 is a high temperature reformer that is modified by receiving heat from the brown gas burner of the present invention. A feature of the present invention is that ultra-high temperature (> 2500 ° C.) steam (H ₂ O) generated by igniting brown gas produced in a brown gas generator in a burner installed in communication with a reforming reactor is introduced into the reforming furnace. It maintains the temperature at> 1200 ℃ and reacts with the carbonized material flowing from the bottom of the reforming furnace to efficiently generate syngas (CO + H ₂ ).

The interior of the reforming furnace is made of ceramics, and the insulation wall of 100 ~ 150mm is made of castables and asbestos fiber. The outer wall of the furnace is 3mm sts and it keeps below 100 ℃ without water / cooling. The organic stock feeder is characterized by being installed at the bottom of the reforming furnace.

Claims (1)

Brown gas reformer (FIG. 1) of the present invention has a reforming reactor as a body and a Brown gas burner is connected to the side thereof, and an organic inlet (Carbonaceous stock feeder) is attached to the bottom thereof. The reformed syngas is emitted above the body (reforming reactor). When brown gas is ignited in a brown gas burner, very high temperature (2500 ° C.) steam is generated and introduced into the reforming reactor (FIG. 1). The high temperature steam maintains the reforming reactor at a temperature of> 1200 ° C and reacts with organic and carbonaceous materials from the lower stock feeder to reduce carbon and hydrogen to CO and H ₂ molecules. The reforming reaction can be carried out efficiently. The reforming reactor was made of castable ceramics with a thickness of 10mm and the walls with 100-150mm thickness forming the insulation were castables and rockwool packing and the outer wall was 3mm sts. The reforming furnace (FIG. 1) of the present invention does not require a catalytic material to promote the reforming reaction, and does not introduce any oxygen into the reforming reactor. Ignition of Brown gas completely turns into steam (H ₂ O). There is no H ₂ or O ₂ gas remaining in the Brown Gas burner. Only the steam (H ₂ O) and the reformed syngas (H ₂ , CO) remain in the reforming reactor, and no oxidation occurs. There are a variety of organic / carbonaceous materials that are modified in the reforming apparatus (FIG. 1). This includes solids such as coal, plastics and tires, as well as liquids like all forms of petroleum products and gases like city gases. Carbon and hydrogen atoms contained in organic materials are reduced to CO and H ₂ molecules.