KR20050062951A - The measuring equipment and method of hvac (heating ventilatinh air-conditioning) performance for rolling stock - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring the air conditioning environment in a cabin of a railway vehicle, and an object thereof is to provide a device and method for simultaneously reading and graphicizing various air conditioning environment information in a measured cabin.

According to the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement apparatus and method according to the invention for this purpose, is provided with at least one or more in the cabin of the railroad car, and measures the properties of each property such as temperature, pressure, air flow, harmful gas in the cabin, A component type sensor assembly for selectively amplifying or filtering an input measurement signal and outputting the same, an interface unit for converting a detected weak voltage frequency into a recognizable signal level while maintaining operating conditions of the component type sensor assembly, and the interface An A / D converter that converts the analog voltage frequency passed through the unit into digital data that can be recognized by the computing device, and a data word that reads and converts the air conditioning environment information converted from the A / D converter into digital data again. Section; It is configured to include a PC capable of monitoring the temperature information in real time by receiving the air conditioning environment information converted by the data acquisition via a communication channel.

Description

{The measuring equipment and method of HVAC (heating ventilatinh air-conditioning) performance for rolling stock}

The present invention relates to a system for measuring the overall air-conditioning performance of a railway vehicle, and more particularly, by selectively or simultaneously measuring the pressure, temperature, humidity, airflow, harmful gas (carbon dioxide) in the cabin of the railway vehicle, respectively. The present invention relates to an air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement apparatus and method capable of real-time monitoring of the measured values.

As a known example, the comfort index a passenger feels in the cabin of a railroad car is determined by several factors.

It is the designer's duty to analyze the correlation between these factors and to design an appropriate air conditioning system, and the railway companies that provide the service should always devote their full efforts to analyzing these factors and developing better systems in order to increase the added value of the service. do.

For this reason, on the railroad side, passengers' comfort temperatures and, in particular, their influence in cabins where they sit for long periods of time, are affected by the airflow speed.

Too much air humidity can increase the evaporation rate of moisture in the skin, which can cause illness, and at too low temperatures passengers will feel cold.

In addition, the temperature difference between the head and the leg should also be taken into consideration, after all, in order to maintain a pleasant feeling, it is necessary to keep the temperature difference to a minimum.

In addition, when the train runs at high speed, passengers may feel ear tinnitus due to pressure in the cabin and external pressure difference, and the interior of the closed cabin has a problem such as motion sickness caused by harmful gases emitted by the passengers. .

On the other hand, various air conditioning systems have been developed to solve these problems, but it is necessary to prioritize the air conditioning system in the cabin in the most appropriate state only by understanding the characteristics of each property such as temperature, pressure, air flow, and harmful gas in the cabin. Can operate.

However, the component type sensor assembly used in general field was measured only after each data and the individual measurement values were extracted and compared.

Therefore, the inconvenience of having to operate the air conditioning system by correcting the measured data that are out of the reference value corresponding to the reference value as a reference value compared with each other.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the above-described component-type sensor assembly, an object of the present invention is to provide a railroad vehicle that can accurately measure the physical properties of each of the railroad car temperature, pressure, air flow, harmful gas, etc. To provide a vehicle air conditioning overall performance measurement apparatus and method.

In one preferred embodiment, the heating and cooling temperature distribution measuring device according to the present invention solves all of the above-described problems, and simultaneously or separately graphically displays the physical properties of each of the measured temperature, pressure, air flow, harmful gas, etc. in the measured cabin. To be read directly.

In addition, in the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement method of the present invention, it is possible to portable and simplify the expensive measurement equipment to easily measure.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a measuring method capable of simultaneously or individually measuring the respective physical characteristics of the cabin vehicle temperature, pressure, air flow, harmful gases, etc., and monitoring the values in real time. have.

Still other objects and effects of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description.

Comprehensive air conditioner performance measurement apparatus for a railway vehicle according to the present invention for achieving the above object is provided with at least one in the cabin of the railway vehicle, and measures the properties of each of the characteristics such as temperature, pressure, air flow, harmful gas in the cabin A component type sensor assembly for selectively amplifying or filtering an input measurement signal and outputting the same, and an interface unit for converting the detected weak voltage frequency into a recognizable signal level while maintaining operating conditions of the component type sensor assembly; A / D converter that converts the analog voltage frequency passed through the interface unit into digital data that can be recognized by the operation unit, and data that enables direct conversion by directly converting the air conditioning environment information converted from the A / D converter into digital data. Acquisition; The air conditioning environment information converted by the data acquisition is received by a communication channel, characterized in that it comprises a PC that can monitor the temperature information in real time.

In addition, the component type sensor assembly is characterized by consisting of at least one temperature sensor, pressure sensor, airflow speed sensor, humidity sensor.

Hereinafter, one preferred embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, Figure 1 shows the basic procedure for configuring a system using the sensor effectively, Figure 2 shows a specific block diagram applied to the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement apparatus for a railway vehicle according to the present invention, Figure 3 Figure 4 shows the measurement of the temperature of the cabin using the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement apparatus for a railroad vehicle according to the present invention, Figure 4 shows a flow chart of the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement apparatus for a railroad vehicle according to the present invention, Figure 5 It shows the measured value output by the air conditioning comprehensive performance measurement apparatus for a railway vehicle according to the invention.

1 to 3, the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement apparatus for a railroad vehicle according to the present invention is provided with at least one or more in the cabin of the railroad car, each of the physical properties of the cabin temperature, pressure, air flow, harmful gas, etc. A component type sensor assembly 10 which measures and selectively amplifies or filters the input measurement signal and outputs the signal level, and a signal level capable of recognizing a weak voltage frequency detected while maintaining operating conditions of the component type sensor assembly 10. Interface unit 20 for converting the data into analog data, the A / D converter 30 for converting the analog voltage frequency passed through the interface unit 20 into digital data that can be recognized by the computing device, and the A / D converter 30. A data acquisition for converting the air-conditioning environment information converted into digital data again) and reading the data directly; And a PC capable of monitoring temperature information in real time by receiving the air conditioning environment information converted by the data acquisition through a communication channel.

In general, the basic form for configuring a system that effectively uses the sensor is to extract information by selecting the sensor in accordance with the object to be measured, as shown in detail in FIG. Techniques for converting into electrical signals to convert to speed, amplifying weak information, removing noise and, if necessary, transmitting and recording data using remote communication channels or storing and displaying data in memory . In addition, in order to control an object, a technology related to control is added, and a technology of feeding back to an object from an observer or an actuator is also required.

Therefore, in order to apply the above-mentioned basic sensor system to the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement apparatus according to the present invention, the above sensor system measures the physical properties of each room such as temperature, pressure, air flow, harmful gas, etc. Substitute the component type sensor assembly 10 which amplifies or filters the measured signal and outputs it.

Physical properties applied to the present invention means a measured value of measuring the temperature distribution, pressure, air flow, harmful gas in the cabin of a railway vehicle.

Each of these measurements is detected by a variety of sensors, component type sensor assembly 10 applied to the present invention is a temperature sensor 12, pressure sensor 14, airflow speed sensor 16, humidity sensor 18 )

First, the main specifications of the temperature sensor 12 applied to the present invention are K-TYPE thermocouples (thermocouples), the measuring range of -200 ~ 1200 degrees, the metal of the resistor + pole Ni, Cr,-pole Ni, Al Is prepared.

Thus, the reason for using the K-TYPE thermocouple is because it can operate at 645 ℃ or more, its durability is very strong, and responds to temperature changes very quickly.

The temperature sensor 12 having the above advantages is provided in at least one or more cabins of the railroad car, and detects the vertical and horizontal temperature information of the cabin. In addition, the vertical position provided for the measurement of the temperature distribution is located at the height of the chest while the passenger is sitting in the seat, the horizontal position is installed in the middle of the center passage of the cabin.

On the other hand, the voltage obtained by a thermocouple is fine. For example, the K-TYPE applied to the present invention can only obtain a voltage of 4.095 mV at 100 degrees. On the other hand, the low impedance has the advantage that the induced noise is small.

Therefore, the amplifier (not shown) integrally provided with the temperature sensor 12 does not need to be very sensitive, but it should be noted that an amplifier with a small offset drift should be used. Select and use the product.

The amplifier maintains the operating conditions of the temperature sensor 12, converts the output signal into a voltage signal and amplifies (amplifies the small shock signal of the temperature sensor 12 to DC 5V by the OP amplifier) to minimize the power consumption. Promote. And don't forget to consider the use of a low pass filter on the input side.

Such a filter is applied with a low frequency filter (not shown) which passes only a desired voltage frequency among input voltage frequency components and attenuates the rest.

Low frequency filter is a filter structure that is mainly used to filter out low frequency ripples by filtering out high frequency miscellaneous signals. It is a filter form that is used evenly throughout, and in the present invention is configured to pass only a low frequency signal of 4Hz.

The pressure sensor 14 senses the pressure in the passenger car, and is provided to minimize physical reactions such as a sense of tinnitus that the passenger feels when a passenger of a railroad vehicle traveling at a high speed suddenly changes in pressure, for example, when passing through a tunnel. Its mechanical specifications apply an operating range ratio of 80-150Kpa, a resolution of 10Pa, a tolerance of ± 50Pa, and a sampling rate of 5kS / s.

The pressure sensor 14 is preferably provided in the cabin, the position is provided is located on the chest in the passenger sitting position.

In addition, the pressure sensor 14 is also characterized in that the voltage is output at a very small voltage frequency (3-30mV), so that the amplifier is integrally provided with the pressure sensor (14). However, the low frequency filter applied to the temperature sensor 12 is not provided.

On the other hand, after checking how the output value from the pressure sensor 14 comes out, the input range of the interface unit 20 to be described later should be used. For example, in the case of the pressure sensor 14, a power supply of about 3-24V should be supplied, and the output value is 3-30 mV, and a very small voltage is generated. Therefore, the pressure sensor 14 should be connected directly to the A / D converter 30 to measure. Can't.

In this case, an in-face unit 20 including a high precision amplifier (not shown) capable of amplifying the output of the pressure sensor 10 by about 1,000 times is installed.

The airflow velocity sensor 16 must inject air of moderate intensity to facilitate the mixing and circulation of air to meet the needs of both cooling and heating at high speeds. Of course, the final air strength is determined by the blower or the blower, but in order to control the speed of the air by the blower or the blower, first, the air speed must be accurately measured.

The specification of the airflow speed sensor 16 applied to the present invention has an operating range of 0 to 20 m / s, a resolution of 0.01 m / s (0 to 10 m / s), and an operating temperature of -10 to 70 ° C.

Principle of operation is using a temperature-keeping anemometer using bridge circuit.

This is a circuit in which four impedances are connected in a lozenge, and the corresponding corners are bridged to a power supply branch and a detector branch. When the bridge is balanced, no current flows through the detector branch.

Output is generated by voltage signal And G is the gauge element or gauge strain and is proportional to the output. The applied power E is a DC power supply (typically 18 to 24V), and using the dropping resistor in the power supply carrier, the output current is calibrated to obtain a linear DC DC 0-5V or a DC 4-20mA signal. Go through the output voltage.

In this way, the output voltage is also connected to the interface unit 20 which will be described later to transmit the airflow information.

The gas sensor 18 is a device that detects a specific gas mixed in the gas and converts it into an appropriate electric signal. The purpose of the installation is to prevent an accident due to a dangerous gas and detect exhaust gas components.

The gas sensor 18 applied to the present invention is a solid electrolyte type gas sensor, which exhibits conductivity due to the movement of ions at a high temperature in an insulator in a solid state, which is also referred to as an ion conductor, and is referred to as a zirconia for stabilizing response characteristics. YSZ) electrolyte.

 The higher oxygen partial pressure is the positive electrode and the lower one is the negative electrode.

The electromotive force by the difference between to be.

Where R: gas constant, T: absolute temperature, F: Faraday constant

This electromotive force E is a DC power supply (generally 18 to 24V), and using the dropping resistor in the power supply carrier, the output current is calibrated to obtain a linear DC DC 0-5V or DC 4-20mA signal. As it goes through, it switches to the output voltage.

As described above, the output voltage is connected to the interface unit 20 to be described later to transmit the gas information.

The humidity sensor 19 is an indicator indicating the amount or proportion of water vapor present in the cabin of a railway vehicle. The humidity indicator applied to the present invention is a relative humidity (RH). Its specifications are measuring range -50 ~ 150 ℃, 0 ~ 100RH, resolution is ± 0.15 ℃, and the humidity sensor 19 applied to the present invention is a light battery type humidity sensor, which is based on proton conductive solid electrolyte ceramics. When the measuring cell is configured, the water vapor pressure on both sides of the partition wall And oxygen partial pressure To generate the Nernst electromotive force.

Electromotive force

 Where R: gas constant, T: temperature (K), K: Faraday constant

Again, this electromotive force E is a direct current power source (typically 18 to 24 volts), and using the dropping resistor in the power supply carrier, the output current is calibrated to obtain a linear direct current DC 0-5V or a DC 4-20mA signal. You will go through the process.

Subsequently, the interface unit 20 serves to convert the voltage frequency detected by the temperature sensor 12 into a recognizable signal level.

This is a function of converting the DC output signal through the amplification and linearization unit by using the input of the component type sensor assembly 10 mounted in the cabin as an input.

The air conditioning environment information of the component type sensor assembly 10 converted to an output voltage is transmitted to the A / D converter 30 which converts the data into digital data recognizable by the computing device.

In the present invention, processing by the data acquisition 40, which will be described later, requires the output of a digital signal, and a technique for converting an analog signal into a digital signal (A / D conversion technology) is applied.

On the other hand, when converting a continuous analog signal into a discrete digital signal, quantization technique, binary number, BCD (binary decimal number), or how many bits are converted to, to what extent precision Since the technology applied depends on the conversion time and the conversion method, an appropriate technology is selected according to the purpose of the output signal.

Therefore, in the present invention, in order to satisfy the above conditions, the resolution of 16 bits, 16 channels, 16 channels of channels (ch), sampling rate is 50Ks / S. A / D converter 30 having is applied.

This is when the voltage of 5V is input to the A / D converter 30, the 5V signal is an analog value, and when this analog value of 5V is read by the A / D converter 30 having a 16-bit resolution, this A In the case of the / D converter 30, the 5V voltage is divided into 65,536, which is a power of 16, and is read out, and the data is read out 100,000 times per second.

This 65,536 digital value is converted back to a voltage, and finally displayed on the display of the PC 50, so that the temperature value can be directly read.

Furthermore, when converting a continuous analog signal to digital, sampling processing is performed. In order to digitize the voltage, it is necessary to periodically extract the amplitude value of the waveform and change its magnitude to a binary code, and at least two times higher than the frequency of the signal waveform ( Sampling at a faster frequency.

In order to cope with this problem, in the present invention, the sampling rate is extracted 50,000 times per second, and the sampling rate is high. Therefore, the amount of data is large, and the pressure information value is displayed more precisely. Can be.

In this way, the air conditioning environment information converted by the A / D converter 30 into digital data recognizable on the data acquisition 40 can be directly read by converting it into a readable value after processing with an appropriate formula. It is sent to the data acquisition 40.

The Data Acquisition System (DAQ) 40 communicates with a general PC 50 equipped with a display unit that is commonly used to monitor a physical condition of a long distance based on the PC 50. After checking the output range of the component type sensor assembly 10, data can be collected, analyzed and directly controlled.

 The data acquisition 40 is to provide a communication device for transmitting the temperature information converted to digital data by the A / D converter 30 to the PC 50, in the present invention, the US EIA (US Electric Industries, Ltd.) The international standard for serial communication, standardized by the Electronic Industries Association, is called the EIA-RS232C standard, where RS232, which defines alternative electrical and mechanical characteristics and the function of the interface circuit, is applied. .

In addition, the A / D converter 30, the D / A converter, the Digitial I / O, and the like are typically built in the data acquisition 40 to receive an external signal using the same.

The received pressure information is directly connected to the PC (CPU 1.0GHz, Memory 1.0GB, Channel No 16ch, data processing software programmed with data acquisition suitable for the Windows environment, and the component type sensor assembly 10). The self-recognized port 50 is graphically displayed by the data acquisition programmed software and displayed.

In this case, the data acquisition software soft-programmed in the PC 50 applied to the present invention can be programmed directly without a dedicated driver even in a general programming environment such as Visual C ++, Visual BASIC, Delphi, and the like.

In addition, the above-mentioned smart devices and high-speed processing capability can be easily mounted and used at any site that a user wants to measure and control, and anyone can build a data acquisition / control solution using simple programming software using a PC (50). Make sure

Next, such a method for comprehensive measurement of air conditioning in a cabin of a railway vehicle and its effects will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 5.

First, the air conditioning comprehensive measurement method of the railroad vehicle cabin according to the present invention is installed in the cabin of the railroad vehicle air conditioning measuring step (S100) for detecting the environmental conditions of the various rooms; A signal conversion step (S200) of amplifying the analog pressure information signal input in the air conditioning measurement step (S100) and outputting only a desired band; A digital conversion step (S300) for receiving the analog temperature information output in the signal conversion step (S200) and converting the digital temperature information into output data; A data acquisition step (S400) of collecting and analyzing data converted into a digital signal in the digital conversion step (S300); And comparing the measured values collected and analyzed by the data acquisition step (S400), and then outputting them to the outside and displaying the output values (S500).

First, the air conditioning measuring step (S100) is a step installed in the cabin of a railroad vehicle to detect the internal temperature, pressure, airflow speed, harmful gases in the air, relative humidity, and variously configured sensors as described in the above configuration. Detects the ambient conditions inside the cabin of railroad cars.

Signal conversion step (S200) amplifies the analog sensor signal input in the air conditioning measurement step (S100), and outputs only the desired band.

In general, there are various methods of converting physical quantities used in industrial fields into electrical signals, and these electrical signals may be too small or large in size, or may include nonlinearity, thereby processing the signals in a required electrical state. Should be For example, the current input by the sensor is converted into a voltage, and the present invention uses this signal conversion.

As a representative example, an amplifier (not shown) applied to all the sensors of the present invention is applied with a DC voltage of 3V to 24V, and the amplification ratio is amplified when the input voltage is Vi, the output voltage is Vo, the resistance is RA, and the resistance is RB. The output voltage can be obtained from the following equation.

In addition, the low frequency filter (not shown) applied to the temperature sensor 12 allows the low frequency filter to pass through the low frequency filter so that only a low frequency of 4 Hz or less can be used before the voltage frequency passes through the amplifier.

The reason for this is that noise cannot be obtained due to noise and chattering during long-distance transmission at low band frequency. Therefore, the high frequency signal is loaded together and the signal is changed. Is able to receive a filtered, clean low band frequency.

In addition, in the case of digital modulation, the term "coding" may be replaced depending on a situation. The operation of changing a signal by carrying such a high frequency signal may also be referred to as modulation.

In the digital conversion step (S300), the output analog sensor information (low frequency filtered voltage frequency) is input, converted into digital data sensor information, and then output.

If the amplified analog sensor information signal is amplified in the signal converting step (S200), this means a method for converting the amplified analog sensor information signal so that it can be directly read. .

For example, this means that when measuring pressure, A / D conversion with a resolution of 16 bits can be expressed in 1,024 steps, and the minimum expression capability of 1,000 / 1,024 is expressed when converting a load of 1,000 g into 16 bits. About 0.976 g).

The data acquisition step (S400) of collecting and analyzing the data converted into the digital signal in the digital conversion step (S300) is a communication with the PC 50 based on RS232 communication, the most common serial communication, mutual data It is optimized to measure / control, and has an independent CPU to perform the best processing speed. The communication speed can be set freely by setting the switch to 115,200bps, the highest speed of RS232 communication.

Therefore, the PC 50 may establish a solution for collecting / controlling temperature information data with separate software.

The output step (S500) of outputting the measurement value (air conditioning environment information) collected and analyzed by the data acquisition step (S400) to the outside (S500) receives a signal transmitted by RS232 communication from the PC 50 and the size And the change is graphicized so that the user can read it directly through a display device such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal (LCD) so that anyone can easily measure it. In addition, the PC 50 may establish a solution for collecting / controlling the air conditioning environment data using separate software.

That is, as will be apparent from the above description, the present invention provides an air conditioner comprehensive performance measuring apparatus and method, and accurately measures the air conditioning environment of a train cabin and adjusts the condition to an optimal air conditioning environment based on the measured data. Improve the quality of service for

This invention can be implemented in other various forms, without deviating from the mind or main characteristic. For this reason, the above-described embodiments are merely examples in all respects and should not be interpreted limitedly.

The scope of the present invention is shown by the scope of the claims, and is not limited by the specification text. Again, all variations and modifications belonging to the equivalent scope of the claims are within the scope of the present invention.

As described in detail above, according to the present invention and the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement apparatus and method according to the present invention, by simultaneously or separately graphically characterizing the respective physical characteristics, such as temperature, pressure, air flow, harmful gas in the cabin of the railway vehicle Direct reading is possible, and expensive measuring equipment is portable and simplified to easily measure the air conditioning environment.

As a result, it is possible to improve the quality of service for passengers by providing comfortable rooms by maintaining the most stable air-conditioning environment based on the quickly measured physical properties.

1 shows a basic procedure for configuring a system that uses the sensor effectively, and

Figure 2 shows a specific block diagram applied to the air conditioning comprehensive performance measurement apparatus for a railway vehicle according to the present invention,

Figure 3 shows that measuring the temperature of the cabin using the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement apparatus for a railway vehicle according to the present invention,

4 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement apparatus for a railway vehicle according to the present invention;

Figure 5 shows the measured value output by the air conditioning comprehensive performance measurement apparatus for a railway vehicle according to the present invention.

* Description of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

10: component sensor assembly 12: temperature sensor

14: pressure sensor 16: air velocity sensor

18: gas sensor 19: humidity sensor

20: Interface unit 30: A / D converter

40: data acquisition 50: PC

Claims (7)

In the measuring device for measuring the air-conditioning environment of the railway vehicle, It is provided with at least one in the cabin of a railway vehicle, and measures the respective physical characteristics such as temperature, pressure, airflow, harmful gas, etc. in the cabin, and selectively amplifies or filters the input measurement signal and outputs it after outputting it. And an interface unit for converting the detected weak voltage frequency into a recognizable signal level while maintaining the operating condition of the component type sensor assembly, and digital data recognizing the analog voltage frequency passing through the interface unit in a computing device. An A / D converter for converting and a data acquisition for directly reading the converted air conditioning environment information converted from the A / D converter into digital data; Comprehensive air conditioner performance measurement apparatus for a railway vehicle comprising a PC that can monitor the temperature information in real time by receiving the air conditioning environment information converted by the data acquisition via a communication channel. The method of claim 1, The component type sensor assembly is at least one temperature sensor, air pressure sensor, airflow speed detection sensor, gas sensor, humidity sensor, characterized in that the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement device. The method of claim 1, The temperature sensor is a K-TYPE thermocouple air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement device, characterized in that. The low frequency filter applied to the temperature sensor, the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement apparatus for detecting a low frequency of up to 4Hz. The method of claim 1, The A / D converter has a maximum performance of 16 channels, a sampling rate of 50Ks / S, characterized in that the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement device for a railway vehicle. The method of claim 1, Comprehensive air conditioner performance measurement device for a railway vehicle, characterized in that the data acquisition and the PC communicates with each other via RS232. In the measurement method for measuring the air-conditioning environment in the cabin of a railway vehicle, An air conditioning measurement step installed in a cabin of a railway vehicle to sense environmental conditions of various rooms; A signal conversion step of amplifying the analog pressure information signal input in the air conditioning measurement step and outputting only a desired band; A digital conversion step of receiving analog temperature information output in the signal conversion step and converting the analog temperature information into digital data information and then outputting the digital data information; A data acquisition step of collecting and analyzing data converted into a digital signal in the digital conversion step; Comparing the measured values collected and analyzed by the data acquisition step, and outputs to the outside and output step for displaying the air conditioner comprehensive performance measurement method.