KR20050045243A - Card or printed sheet in which information is embeded in using digial water-marking method, and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a manufacturing method and a configuration method of transferring an anti-counterfeiting algorithm to a smart card and various printed matter surfaces using a system for inserting / detecting watermark information into a still image. It aims to detect still images on a line, print them on a printed object, and enable verification and authentication of the printed information. In addition, forgery and modulation of the printed object can be recognized through various information concealment methods printed on the printed object, and blind detection is possible so that the information of the original of the printed object is not needed for detection, and various errors occurring upon detection It is designed to adapt to each environment through its own calibration system. This includes online / offline smart cards, transportation cards, credit cards, coupons, securities, gift certificates, admission tickets, tickets, bank accounts, etc. It can be used for information output of various card-type printed matters such as a license, passport, health insurance card and the like, and forgery and tamper detection.

Description

Card or printed sheet in which information is embeded in using digial water-marking method, and Manufacturing method

The present invention relates to a card or printed material in which digital unique information is inserted using a system for inserting / detecting watermark information into a still image and a manufacturing method thereof.

This includes online / offline smart cards, transportation cards, credit cards, coupons, securities, gift certificates, admission tickets, tickets, bank accounts, forgery prevention, ID cards (company, civil servants, soldiers, research institutes, etc.), national ID card, It can be used for information output of various card-type printed matters such as driver's license, passport and medical insurance card, and forgery and tamper detection.

First, a system for embedding / detecting watermark information related to the present invention into a still image will be described. When a copy is a copy, the intended watermark is detected in the original, and the copy is a copy of the printout when it is forged using a digital technology such as a scanner or a digital camera, or forged or modulated by hand. When the intended watermark information is not detected or other unintended watermark information is detected, it can be determined that the information is forged or tampered, thereby preventing the forgery.

As the performance of computers, printers, scanners, digital cameras, etc. has been rapidly improved, counterfeit or tampering technologies such as money, securities, social security cards, and driver's licenses are being developed. It is true.

However, anti-counterfeiting technologies such as latent image, optical interference, irregularities printing, special ink, and special paper are physical or analog methods, and are not suitable for counterfeit and modulation by analog or advanced digital technologies. There are many limitations. For example, there are many anti-counterfeiting element technologies applied to money, but there are few ways to identify them unless the public pays special attention to counterfeiting using scanners and color printers. It can be said that it does not play a role.

In addition, various methods for applying digital watermarking techniques to analog outputs have been developed. However, in the case of analog output, there are various distortions and detection disturbances that are not considered in general digital watermarking technology when watermark information is detected in the output. For example, it is not easy to apply due to disturbing factors such as noise caused by printer output and scanning process, possibility of image rotation during scanning, cropping, folding and wrinkling.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems of the prior art, and to provide a method of transferring an anti-forgery and alteration algorithm to a surface of a smart card and various printed matters by using a system for inserting / detecting watermark information into a still image. The purpose of the present invention is to detect a still image on an off-line, print it on a print object, and enable verification and authentication of the printed information. In addition, forgery and modulation of the printed object can be recognized through various information concealment methods printed on the printed object, and blind detection is possible so that the information of the original of the printed object is not needed for detection, and various errors occurring upon detection It is designed to adapt to each environment through its own calibration system.

According to another object of the present invention, when digital watermark information is output in analog form through a printer or other printing method, the watermark information insertion / extraction method and issuer / detector which can increase the detection rate of the watermark information are automatically applied. The present invention provides a corresponding improved offline detection system and method.

On the other hand, another object of the present invention is to provide a theoretical framework for manufacturing a stand-alone detector that can increase the detection rate in the output of the analog form and facilitate the detection. .

Card or printed material in which information is inserted using digital watermarking according to an aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object,

Inlay layer (c); First and second overlay layers b2 and b3 formed on both sides of the inlay layer c; A first printed layer a1 and a second printed layer a2 printed with various visual information formed on the outside of the first overlay layer b2 and the second overlay layer b3, respectively; A third overlay layer (b1) and a fourth overlay layer (b4) formed outside the first print layer (a1) and the second print layer (a2), respectively; At least one of the first printed layer (a1) and the second printed layer (a2) is characterized in that the watermark is mounted in a manner that is not recognized visually, acoustically and tactilely. .

Preferably, a ferrite layer (d) for blocking electromagnetic waves is located outside the second overlay layer (b3),

The card has a cutting line (L1), it is a couple card, characterized in that the user can be used to cut at least two or more mini-cards.

On the other hand, the method of manufacturing a card or printed material is inserted using the digital watermarking according to another aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object, (a) performing a PVC print on the PVC sheet (S1) for the printing layer Step S3; (b) a pre-laminating step (S37) of attaching the overlay layer PVC (S34) to the inlay layer PVC (S23); And (c) stacking (S5) the first and second printed layers printed in step (a) (S3) on the pre-laminated inlay layer on which a first and a second overlay layer are laminated. In addition, in the step (a), at least one of the first printing layer (a1) and the second printing layer (a2) of the watermark in a way that is not recognized visually, acoustically and tactilely. It is characterized by being mounted.

Preferably, (d) after the step (c), after the final laminating step (S7), further comprises a card punching step (S15) to form a card overall outline,

More preferably, prior to step (d), both blades are formed on both sides of the card so as to form a tabbed cutting line L1 for the card user to cut and divide into two or more couple cards after receipt of the card. Step (S11) for performing the inverted cutting with a mold, and further characterized in that it further comprises a hole punching step (S13) for forming a cutting portion (L2) formed in each corner of the couple card.

Most preferably, a pre-processing step of constantly changing the encryption and error correction code operation of the input information and the characteristics of the input image; An information insertion step of spreading the inserted watermark evenly throughout the image by inserting information in the frequency domain and preventing intentional backtracking of the output image by area setting by a user password; In order to enable off-line detection, the correction of print-extraction error is corrected and then the validity of the information is extracted by detecting the area by user's password and extracting the information according to the characteristics by preprocessing. The method may further include extracting the information and measuring the reliability after increasing the accuracy of extracting the information by correcting and correcting the error.

Hereinafter, a method of inserting / extracting watermark information related to the present invention, an offline detection system corresponding to an issuer / detector automatically, and a preferred embodiment of the method will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.

1 is a schematic diagram of a watermark information insertion and offline detector system, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a reliable frequency database generator, FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an information insertion unit, and FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a frequency domain analyzer and a normalizer. 5 is a flowchart of the information insertion unit, FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the information extraction unit, and FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the information extraction unit.

In the following, each step is described in detail.

First, in order to increase the stability and detection rate of the system, the system includes an information preprocessing 110 and an image preprocessing 140 at an input unit. It also has a variable confidence frequency database 200 to cope with various error environments 190 adaptively. This increases the adaptive response of off-line detection and the recyclability and reliability of the system.

When the printing and detection equipment is specified and the system is configured, the characteristics of the printing and the detector are determined. In this situation, the database 200 of the reliable frequency band is configured, and then the frequency characteristics of the input image 130 are analyzed (141). After extracting the region that does not exist in the confidence frequency database 200 (145), the region that does not exist through the frequency normalization 146 is converted into a confidence frequency region where the image quality deterioration is minimized (147).

The above process can be further subdivided into the confidence database generation step shown in FIG. 2 and the frequency domain analysis and normalization step shown in FIG.

Figure 2 shows a trust database creation step through a block diagram. After printing and extracting the image 220 formed by the frequency generated from the characteristic database 210 of the basic frequency band, the frequency characteristic of the extracted image is extracted (231) and compared with the frequency characteristic of the input image (232). Analyzing whether the relationship between the frequency data and the extracted image frequency data can be derived (233) and storing (240) the derived input frequency and the resulting induction relationship in the confidence frequency database.

Meanwhile, FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an information insertion unit. The information insertion unit of the present system receives an original image 130 and then receives information 100 to be inserted and an information set 120 of a user to start an operation. . After the insertion information 100 is encrypted and error corrected coded 111, an error detection code 112 is applied to this information, and then watermark insertion 151 is performed. The original image 130 generates a reliable image through the normalization process 142 after the frequency domain analysis 141, and then extracts the region through the information key 121 extracted from the user information set 120. The insertion 151 is performed to generate a reliable image 160 into which information is inserted.

Module characteristics of the present input system are as follows.

The encryption and error correction code module 111 generates an encryption and error correction code of the insertion information 100. The encryption and error correction code module 111 increases the reliability of the extracted information by encryption and restores the error generated upon detection through the correction code (182). Increase the probability of information extraction.

The error detection code module 112 generates an error detection code in the encryption information of the insertion information 100. The error detection code module 112 detects the error information 181 from a set of data generated at the time of detection, thereby increasing an accurate data detection probability.

The frequency domain analysis module 141 analyzes the frequency band information of the embedded image 130 and extracts information 145 of the portion which is inconsistent with the previously prepared confidence frequency region 200, and converts the information into a confidence frequency band ( The change of the image is minimized (147) by performing the operation 146 only on the shifted portion instead of the entire image.

The frequency domain normalization module 142 performs the normalization 146 to the confidence frequency domain 200 prepared only in the region 145 that is shifted from the confidence frequency, thereby predicting a range of errors occurring during extraction through normalization. To increase the probability of extraction 183.

The information key generating module 121 extracts a position or method of an image to insert information from the user information set 120. The information key generation module 121 generates an area through a set of various user information such as a password, biometric information, and an internal policy key. Infer the method to reduce forgery by intentional system modulation.

The input area extraction module 122 rearranges the information insertion part according to the area and the method (frequency / space, input method, etc.) by the information key 121 in the input image to form an image to insert information.

The watermark insertion module 151 inserts information based on the optimized input image and the input information. The watermark inserting module 151 generates an image 160 in which the information is input and changes only the change that is hard to be recognized by the human eye through the image smoothing 147. Generate an image.

Figure 4 shows a block diagram of the frequency domain analysis and normalization step. After extracting the frequency of the region of the input image (143) and comparing and analyzing (144) with the prepared reliable frequency band 200, the region belonging to the trusted frequency band and the region not belonging to the untrusted frequency database 145. Save it. This normalizes only the untrusted region, not the normalization of the entire image, thereby minimizing image degradation (147).

Meanwhile, FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of the information extraction unit. The extraction unit of the present system receives the printed and extracted extracted image 191 and receives the user's information set 120 to start an operation. After extracting the detection region of the corrected image 172 through the information key 121 extracted from the user information set 120 after minimizing the spatial error of the extracted image 191 through the PS error correction 172 (122) The information extractor 185 is repeatedly performed to extract the information 100. The information extractor 185 detects an error of the data of the extracted region (181), corrects the error (182), extracts the primary information (183), and increases the accuracy of the information through the reliability check (184). The information extractor 185 extracts the correct input information 100.

Module characteristics of the present extraction system is as follows.

The PS error correction module 171 performs error correction by correction data by the normalization module 142 of the insertion unit for the error 190 generated by printing and extraction, and by the normalization model 200 at the time of insertion. The distortion or loss 190 of the extracted data 191 is corrected based on the prepared correction data to increase the probability of obtaining an accurate extracted image 172.

The information key generating module 121 extracts a location or method of an image from which the information is extracted from the set of user information 121. The region is generated through a set of various user information such as a password, biometric information, and an internal policy key. We infer the method and method to reduce forgery by intentional system modulation.

The detection region extraction module 122 rearranges the information extraction portion according to the region and the method (frequency / space, input method, etc.) by the information key 121 in the corrected image 172 to form an image to extract information. .

The information extraction module 185 consists of an error detection 181, an error correction 182, an information extraction 183, and a reliability check 184. The information extraction module 185 extracts the information from the image to extract the information and extracts the data by the diagnostic algorithm. After extraction, primary data having high data reliability is extracted through error detection 181 and error correction 182, and then highly reliable information is extracted 100 through data reliability test 184.

Next, with reference to Figures 8 to 13, a card or printed material in which information is inserted using digital watermarking according to the present invention, and a manufacturing method thereof will be described in detail.

8 is an operational flowchart of the watermark information insertion and offline detector system related to the present invention, FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of the watermark information insertion and offline detector system related to the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a watermark on a card according to the present invention. FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an information insertion step, and FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a detection step of a card in which watermark information is inserted according to the present invention. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a card in which watermark information is inserted according to the present invention. Is a surface view of one side of a card in which watermark information according to the present invention is inserted.

Referring to FIG. 9, the concept of the present invention is further described in detail. First, a unique ID code (for example, 10010101) is loaded on the original image a so that it cannot be identified by human vision or hearing. By printing on various other printed matter to make a card or printed matter (b), when detecting the card or printed matter, it is possible to confirm whether the card or printed matter is genuine by identifying the unique ID code.

For example, an embodiment of a watermarked student card issuance procedure is shown in FIG. 10. First, the photograph and seal (a) to be printed on the student card are digitalized by a digital camera (b), and the DB storage device. Stored in (d). Thereafter, the unique ID is loaded in an invisible form by the photo ID printer (e) to issue a watermarked student ID (f).

Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 11, the verification procedure of the watermarked student ID card is to read the watermarked student ID card (a) with a detector at a school or other necessary institution to determine the authenticity of the student ID card (b). However, the original watermarked student ID is true because the unique ID matches (c), but the fake student ID is false because the invisible watermark does not exist or does not match (d).

Hereinafter, the card marked with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13 will be described. FIG. 13 shows an example in which a couple of a man and a woman watermark a couple card that can use two cards on which all of their pictures are printed. The cross section of the card will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 12.

As shown in FIG. 12, the watermarked card contacts the first overlay layer b2 and the second overlay layer b3 on both sides of the inlay layer c on which the chip f and the coil e are mounted. As in the case of a normal card, a first printed layer a1 on which various visual information of a card and a picture are printed is located on the outside of the first overlay layer b2, and a third overlay layer ( b1) is covered and finished. The unique ID is mounted on the first printed layer a1 in a manner that is not recognized visually or tactilely. The ferrite layer (d) for blocking electromagnetic waves is located outside the second overlay layer (b3), the second printed layer (a2) and the fourth overlay layer (b4) is located outside the ferrite layer, as usual. . The ferrite layer may be absent, but is necessary to block unnecessary electromagnetic waves from the mobile phone, for example, in the form of a card attached to the mobile phone.

For example, the thickness of each layer is 0.06 mm in the third overlay layer b1, 0.2 mm in the first printed layer a1, 0.06 mm in the first overlay layer b2, 0.32 mm in the inlay layer c, The second overlay layer b3 is 0.06 mm, the ferrite layer d is 0.31 mm, the second printed layer a2 is 0.2 mm, and the fourth overlay layer b4 is 0.06 mm, but is not limited thereto.

Now, a method of manufacturing a card or printed material in which information is inserted using the above digital watermarking will be described with reference to FIG. 8. First, PVC printing is performed on the printed PVC sheet S1 (S3).

On the other hand, the copper wire (S25) is mounted on the inlay layer PVC (S23) (S27), the contact portion of the mounted copper wire is scratched (S29), the conductive glue (S31) is dispensed, and the smart module IC chip (S32) ) Is mounted and welded (S33). In addition, the overlay layer PVC (S34) and the electromagnetic wave blocking ferrite (S36) are attached in sequence, the pre-laminating process is completed (S37).

Now, the first and second printed layers printed in the PVC printing step (S3) are laminated on the pre-laminated inlay layer with the first and second overlay layers and the ferrite layer (S5), and the final laminating In step S7, the laminating process is completed, and the double-sided tape is attached (S9). Thereafter, a cutting process is performed, in which both sides of the card are formed on both sides of the card so that the card user as shown in FIG. 13 first forms a tabbed cutting line L1 for cutting and dividing into two couple cards after receipt of the card. Torch cutting is performed with a blade mold (S11), and secondly, hole punching (S13) for forming cutouts (L2) formed at each corner of the couple card, and card punching (S15) for forming a third outline of the card. Will go through.

Then, print the image (S17), quality inspection / packaging and shipping (S19), finally sold to the individual (S21), the individual who purchased the card along the cutting line (L1) two couple cards It will be used after cutting.

The present invention described above is capable of various substitutions, modifications, and changes without departing from the spirit of the present invention for those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. It is not limited to the drawing.

As described above, when the digital watermark information is to be output in an analog form through a printer or other printing method, the present invention provides a method of inserting / extracting watermark information and an offline detection system and method automatically corresponding to the issuer / detector. Watermark that can be used to prevent the forgery of coupons, securities, gift certificates, admission tickets, etc. made by online / offline, insert information of various card type prints such as social security cards, driver's licenses, etc. By using technology to create cards and other printed materials, they are highly secure and greatly reduce the risk of forgery and alteration.

In addition, the present invention adopts a blind method in the offline information system to enable a simpler extractor configuration, effective at low cost to eliminate the need for the original data server, other authentication server, etc. required when the original can be detected To maximize.

Furthermore, the present invention enables the development of various systems configured in the form of issuer / detectors that maintain variable detection frequency by generating variable confidence frequency data using the characteristics of frequency.

In addition, the above-mentioned technologies include forgery prevention and ID cards (company, public officials, soldiers, research institutes, etc.) such as smart cards, transportation cards, credit cards, coupons, securities, gift certificates, tickets, tickets, and bank accounts made online / offline. It can be used for information output of various card-type printed matters such as a resident registration card, driver's license, passport, medical insurance card and the like, and forgery and tamper detection.

In particular, when the above technology is applied to a couple card, it is possible to maximize the use of the card and to accurately check whether the couple card is used, and problems of forgery and loss that may occur from two or more people using the same card. You can completely solve them.

1 is a schematic diagram of a watermark information insertion and offline detector system related to the present invention.

2 is a block diagram of a reliable frequency database generator of the system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention.

3 is a block diagram of an information insertion unit of the system of FIG. 1 related to the present invention;

4 is a block diagram of a frequency domain analyzer and normalizer of the system of FIG. 1 associated with the present invention.

5 is a flowchart of an information insertion unit of the system of FIG. 1 related to the present invention.

6 is a block diagram of an information extraction unit of the system of FIG. 1 related to the present invention;

7 is a flowchart of an information extraction unit of the system of FIG. 1 related to the present invention;

8 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the watermark information insertion and offline detector system according to the present invention.

9 is a conceptual diagram of a watermark information insertion and offline detector system related to the present invention;

10 is a conceptual diagram showing a step of inserting watermark information into a card according to the present invention.

11 is a conceptual diagram showing a detection step of a card in which watermark information is inserted according to the present invention.

12 is a sectional view of a card in which watermark information is inserted according to the present invention.

13 is a surface view of one side of a couple card inserted with watermark information according to the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

100 Insertion Information 110 Insertion Information Preprocessor

111 Password and error correction code module 112 Error detection code module

120 User Information Set 121 Information Generator Module

122 Input Area Extraction Module

130 Original Video

140 Original Image Preprocessor 141 Frequency Domain Analysis Module

142 Frequency Domain Normalization Module 143 Extracting Frequency Domain Data

144 Data Analysis 145 Untrusted Frequency Database

146 Data Converter

150 Watermark Inserter 151 Watermark Insertion Module

160 Information Insertion Video

170 Extraction Image Corrector 171 PS Error Correction Module

172 Calibration Image 173 PS Error Correction Module

180 Watermark Extractor 181 Error Detection Module

182 Error Correction Module 183 Information Extraction Module

184 Reliability Test Module 185 Information Extractor

190 Error 191 Extracted image

200 confidence frequency database

210 Frequency band basic data 230 Frequency data

231 Extractor 232 Comparator

233 Analyzer 240 Frequency Register

Claims (10)

Inlay layer (c); First and second overlay layers b2 and b3 formed on both sides of the inlay layer c; A first printed layer a1 and a second printed layer a2 printed with various visual information formed on the outside of the first overlay layer b2 and the second overlay layer b3, respectively; A third overlay layer (b1) and a fourth overlay layer (b4) formed outside the first print layer (a1) and the second print layer (a2), respectively; It consists of Watermarking is characterized in that a watermark is mounted on at least one of the first printed layer a1 and the second printed layer a2 in a manner that is not visually, acoustically and tactilely recognized. Card or printed material with information inserted. The method of claim 1, Card or printed material inserted using the watermarking, characterized in that the ferrite layer (d) for blocking the electromagnetic wave is located outside the second overlay layer (b3). The couple card according to claim 1, wherein the card has a cutting line (L1), so that the user can cut and use at least two mini cards. (A) performing PVC printing on the PVC sheet (S1) for the printed layer (S3); (b) a pre-laminating step (S37) of attaching the overlay layer PVC (S34) to the inlay layer PVC (S23); And (c) stacking (S5) the first and second printed layers printed in step (a) (S3) on the original plate on which the first and second overlay layers are layered on the prelined inlay layer; Including, In the step (a), at least one of the first printed layer (a1) and the second printed layer (a2) is characterized in that the watermark is mounted in a manner that is not recognized visually, acoustically and tactilely. Method of manufacturing a card or printed material inserted into the information using watermarking. The method of claim 4, wherein (d) after the step (c), after the final laminating step (S7), further comprising a card punching step (S15) to form the entire outline of the card. The method of claim 5, wherein Before step (d), the card user cuts the inverted cutting with both blade molds on both sides of the card to form a tabbed cutting line L1 for cutting and dividing into two or more couple cards after receipt of the card. And a hole punching step (S13) of forming a cutting part (L2) formed at each corner of the couple card. The method of claim 4, wherein A pre-processing step of constantly changing the encryption and error correction code operation of the input information and the characteristics of the input image; An information insertion step of spreading the inserted watermark evenly throughout the image by inserting information in the frequency domain and preventing intentional backtracking of the output image by area setting by a user password; In order to enable off-line detection, the correction of print-extraction error is corrected and then the validity of the information is extracted by detecting the area by user's password and extracting the information according to the characteristics by preprocessing. And extracting information and measuring reliability after increasing verification accuracy and correcting errors. The method of claim 7, wherein In the step of inputting the information, an error detection code of 2 bytes or more that can be applied to offline detection, nonlinearity of print-extraction error, and adaptive data extraction method according to the characteristic of the image is added and then inserted into the input information. The manufacturing method to make. The method of claim 7, wherein In the step of receiving an image to insert the information, in preparation for off-line detection and non-linearity of the print-extraction error, the information of the image to be extracted is converted into a predictable image based on the confidence frequency data generated by the system. Manufacturing method characterized in that the insertion. The method of claim 7, wherein In the information insertion and extraction, the probability of backtracking is minimized in the spatial domain of information applied by using data insertion in the frequency domain, and the detection and correction method of the input information is encrypted and error detection and correction code are added. By minimizing the extraction of information backtracked through the private, it is determined by the combination of the user information set, such as password, biometric information, internal policy key, etc. to determine the insertion area and insertion method to prevent backtracking and information extraction Manufacturing method.