KR20050018269A - A Can Shape with Many Sets of Safety Vents in Rechargeable Batteries - Google Patents

A Can Shape with Many Sets of Safety Vents in Rechargeable Batteries

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Publication number
KR20050018269A
KR20050018269A KR1020030056686A KR20030056686A KR20050018269A KR 20050018269 A KR20050018269 A KR 20050018269A KR 1020030056686 A KR1020030056686 A KR 1020030056686A KR 20030056686 A KR20030056686 A KR 20030056686A KR 20050018269 A KR20050018269 A KR 20050018269A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
safety valve
battery
cap
valve set
secondary battery
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KR1020030056686A
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Korean (ko)
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KR100542683B1 (en
Inventor
나재호
김대규
최윤석
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삼성에스디아이 주식회사
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Priority to KR1020030056686A priority Critical patent/KR100542683B1/en
Publication of KR20050018269A publication Critical patent/KR20050018269A/en
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Publication of KR100542683B1 publication Critical patent/KR100542683B1/en

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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is rechargeable battery for preventing serious damage caused by fracture or explosion of the battery by comprising safety vents in groove form dent by constant depth on side face of can shape outer side of the battery. CONSTITUTION: The battery comprises general electrode assembly containing negative plate, positive plate and separator between both plates; and cap assembly for connecting power of the electrode assembly outside; and can shape part(11), cap(12), cap safety vents(13), inlet for electrolyte(15), electrode terminals(15) and multiple can side safety vents. The can side safety vents are thermally fused thin films along outer circumference of perforated hole on the can side and distributed over entire portion of the side area of the can(11).

Description

캔측면 안전변세트를 갖는 이차전지{A Can Shape with Many Sets of Safety Vents in Rechargeable Batteries} Rechargeable Batteries} A Can Shape with Many Sets of Safety Vents in Rechargeable Batteries

본 발명은 이차전지에 관한 것으로, 상세하게는 연소 안전성 평가에서 평가특성을 향상시킨 캔 형상에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a secondary battery, and more particularly, to a can shape having improved evaluation characteristics in combustion safety evaluation.

이차전지는 사용재료 등에 따라 니켈수소(Ni-MH)전지, 리튬(Li)전지, 리튬이온(Li-ion)전지, 폴리머리튬(PLI)전지 등으로 구분되고, 외관형태에 따라 원통형 전지와 각형 전지 등으로 구분된다.Secondary batteries are classified into nickel-hydrogen (Ni-MH) batteries, lithium (Li) batteries, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, polymer lithium (PLI) batteries, etc., depending on the materials used. Battery and the like.

도1은 종래의 원통형 이차전지의 외형을 보여주는 사시도이다. 도1에 도시된 바와같이, 이차전지는 양극판, 음극판 및 세퍼레이터로 구성되는 젤리롤 형태의 전극조립체를 알루미늄이나 알루미늄합금의 캔(11)에 수납하고, 캔(11) 내부에 전해액을 주입하여 밀봉함으로써 형성된다. 캔(11)과 절연되는 양극탭이 전극조립체의 상부에 구비되고, 전극조립체의 하부에는 음극탭이 구비된다. 전극조립체 상하부에는 양극탭과 음극탭에 연결되는 극주(pole)가 설치된다. 극주 상부에는 세라믹와셔와 세라믹패치를 절연체로 하여 캔(11)의 내주면 가장자리를 따라서 외주면이 용접되는 캡(12)이 설치된다. 그리고, 캡(12)에는 전해액을 주입하기 위한 전해액주입구(14)와 전지 내부에서 발생되는 가스를 배출하는 캡안전변세트(safety vent: 13)가 구비된다. 그 밖에, 캡(12)에는 PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficient)소자, 서멀휴즈(Thermal Fuse), 보호회로기판(PCM: Protecing Circuit Module) 등의 안전장치가 구비된다.1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a conventional cylindrical secondary battery. As shown in FIG. 1, the secondary battery accommodates a jelly roll-type electrode assembly including a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator in a can 11 of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and injects an electrolyte into the can 11 to seal the electrode assembly. It is formed by. A positive electrode tab insulated from the can 11 is provided at an upper portion of the electrode assembly, and a negative electrode tab is provided at the lower portion of the electrode assembly. Upper and lower poles of the electrode assembly are connected to the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab. In the upper part of the pole, a cap 12 for welding the outer circumferential surface along the edge of the inner circumferential surface of the can 11 is provided with the ceramic washer and the ceramic patch as the insulator. In addition, the cap 12 is provided with an electrolyte inlet 14 for injecting electrolyte and a safety vent 13 for discharging gas generated in the battery. In addition, the cap 12 is provided with safety devices such as a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) element, a thermal fuse and a Protecing Circuit Module (PCM).

도1의 캡안전변세트(13)는 안전벤트가 안전변에 의해 밀봉되는 구성으로서, 캔의 상부에 돌출되거나 함몰된 형태이다. 캡안전변세트는 기계적인 방법이나 에칭 또는 전기적 주형법에 의하여 캔 바닥면이나 캡 조립체에 일정한 깊이의 홈으로 형성될 수 있으며, 안전변은 용접 등의 방법으로 결합되거나 안전벤트와 일체로 형성되는 얇은 영역일 수 있다. 안전벤트 및 안전변은 가스 발생으로 스웰링이 심할 경우 안전변이 파열되어 내부의 가스를 외부로 배출하는 역할을 한다. 이러한 가스의 발생은 코발트산리튬(LiCoO2)과 같은 양극활물질의 형성을 위해 사용되는 탄산리튬(Li2CO3) 때문이다. 과승으로 첨가된 탄산리튬은 미반응 상태로 양극활물질인 코발트산리튬(LiCoO2)중에 잔류하고 있다가, 이상 충전에 의해 전지 전압이 높아져 발열하면 탄산리튬(Li2CO3)이 분해되어 탄산가스가 발생된다. 탄산가스의 발생에 의해 통상 캔이 과도하게 부풀어 오르는 스웰링 현상이 발생하며, 이 스웰링 현상이 심하면 안전변이 파열되어 내부 가스를 외부로 내보내게 된다. 이러한 스웰링 현상은 탄산리튬을 적게 넣으면 해결되지만, 이렇게 되면 양극활물질에 산화코발트(CoO2)가 잔존하여 양극을 부식시키고 충전시 전해액 속으로 용출되며, 이것이 음극으로의 코발트 석출 현상을 일으켜 내부쇼트를 일으키는 더 큰 위험을 유발하게 됨으로써, 탄산리튬을 과승으로 넣을 수밖에 없다.Cap safety valve set 13 of Figure 1 is a configuration in which the safety vent is sealed by the safety valve, protruded or recessed on top of the can. The cap safety valve set may be formed as a groove of a constant depth in the bottom of the can or the cap assembly by a mechanical method, an etching or an electrical molding method, and the safety valve may be joined by a welding method or a thin area formed integrally with the safety vent. Can be. Safety vents and safety valves serve to discharge the internal gas to the outside when the safety valve ruptures when swelling is severe due to gas generation. The generation of this gas is due to lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) used for formation of a cathode active material such as lithium cobalt (LiCoO 2 ). Lithium carbonate added by overheating remains unreacted in lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), a positive electrode active material, and when the battery voltage increases due to abnormal charging, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) is decomposed to produce carbon dioxide gas. Is generated. The generation of carbon dioxide gas causes a swelling phenomenon in which the can is usually inflated excessively. If this swelling phenomenon is severe, the safety valve ruptures and the internal gas is discharged to the outside. This swelling can be solved by adding less lithium carbonate, but in this case, cobalt oxide (CoO 2 ) remains in the positive electrode active material, which corrodes the positive electrode and elutes into the electrolyte during charging, which causes cobalt precipitation to the negative electrode and causes an internal short. By inducing a greater risk of causing lithium carbonate, you have no choice but to overeat.

그런데, 이렇게 필연적으로 설치되는 안전벤트 및 안전변의 위치를 보면, 캔의 바닥면이나 캡조립체의 일측에 구비되어 있다. 그 결과, 스웰링 현상이 발생하여 안전변이 파열되면 내부 가스는 이차전지의 상하부의 일측 또는 양방향으로만 분출되며, 만약 이차전지의 사용자가 이차전지의 상부 또는 하부방향에 위치할 경우 사용자 등은 상당한 상해를 입는 경우가 있다.By the way, when looking at the position of the safety vent and the safety valve inevitably installed, it is provided on the bottom surface of the can or one side of the cap assembly. As a result, when a swelling phenomenon occurs and the safety valve ruptures, the internal gas is ejected only in one side or both directions of the upper and lower parts of the secondary battery, and if the user of the secondary battery is located above or below the secondary battery, You may be injured.

본 발명은 안전벤트 및 안전변의 설치위치에 따른 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로, 이차전지의 내부의 동작이상으로 이차전지의 파열이나 폭발이 발생하더라도, 사용자 등에 상해를 입히는 정도를 현저히 감소시킴으로써 사용상의 안전성을 제고시키는 것을 목적으로 한다. The present invention is to solve the problem according to the installation position of the safety vent and the safety valve, safety of use by significantly reducing the degree of injury to the user, even if the secondary battery rupture or explosion due to abnormal operation of the inside of the secondary battery To improve the

이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은 이차전지의 캔 측면에 일정한 깊이로 함몰된 요홈 형태의 안전벤트 및 안전변 세트를 다수 제공한다.In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides a plurality of recessed safety vents and safety valve sets recessed in a predetermined depth on the side of the can of the secondary battery.

이하, 첨부도면을 참조하여 본 발명을 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도2는 본 발명에 따른 원통형 캔의 측면안전변을 갖는 이차전지의 사시도이다. 도2에 도시된 바와같이, 이차전지의 외형은 캔(11), 캡(12), 캡안전변세트(13), 전해액주입구(14), 양극단자(15), 그리고 다수의 측면안전변세트(23)로 구성된다.2 is a perspective view of a secondary battery having side safety sides of a cylindrical can according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the shape of the secondary battery may include a can 11, a cap 12, a cap safety valve set 13, an electrolyte injection hole 14, a positive electrode terminal 15, and a plurality of side safety valve sets 23. It is composed of

캔(11)은 원통형 또는 각형 등의 다양한 형태로 구성되며, 원통형의 경우에는 전극조립체를 내장할 수 있는 원통형 공간을 형성하는 원통형 측면이 형성되고, 원통형 측면의 하부에는 그 원통형 측면의 하부 공간을 막는 하면이 형성되어 있으며, 그리고 원통형 측면의 상부는 개방되어 있다. 원통형 캔의 하면 중앙에는 전극조립체 중의 음극전극판에 형성된 음극리드가 저항 용접될 수 있도록 원통형 측면 및 하면의 두께에 비해 상대적으로 두꺼운 돌기부가 형성되어 있다. 원통형 캔(11)의 재질은 보통 알루미늄(Al), 철(Fe) 또는 합금 등이다. 원통형 캔(11)은 상부에서 캡(12)을 압박하는 안쪽 방향의 크리핑이 형성되고, 하부에서 상부 방향으로 캡(12)을 압박하는 안쪽 방향의 비딩부가 형성된다. 그리고, 캔(11)의 하부에는 안전벤트 및 안전변이 설치될 수 있다.The can 11 is configured in various forms such as a cylindrical shape or a square shape, and in the case of a cylindrical shape, a cylindrical side surface is formed to form a cylindrical space in which an electrode assembly can be built, and a lower space of the cylindrical side is formed at a lower portion of the cylindrical side surface. The membrane has a lower surface, and the upper portion of the cylindrical side is open. In the center of the lower surface of the cylindrical can, a relatively thick protrusion is formed in the center of the lower surface of the cylindrical can so that the negative electrode lead formed on the negative electrode plate of the electrode assembly is resistance welded. The cylindrical can 11 is usually made of aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), or an alloy. Cylindrical can 11 has an inward creep that presses the cap 12 from the top, and an inward beading portion that presses the cap 12 from the bottom to the top. In addition, a safety vent and a safety valve may be installed below the can 11.

캡(12)은 과충전 또는 이상 발열시 형태가 반전되는 도전성안전벤트, 도전성안전벤트 상부에 전기적 및 기계적으로 연결되어 도전성안전벤트의 반전시 회로가 끊어지는 보호회로기판, 보호회로기판 상부에 전기적 및 기계적으로 연결되어 소정 온도 이상에서 회로가 끊어지는 PTC소자, PTC소자의 상부에 전기적 및 기계적으로 연결되어 실제의 전류를 외부로 인가하는 도전성양극단자(15), 그리고, 도전성안전벤트, 보호회로기판, PTC소자 및 양극단자(15)의 측부 둘레를 감싸면서 이들 소자들을 캔(11)으로부터 절연시키는 절연가스켓 등으로 구성된다. 그리고, 캡(12)에는 가스 발생에 대비하는 안전벤트 및 안전변이 구비되어 있다.The cap 12 is a conductive safety vent that is inverted in the form of overcharging or overheating, and is electrically and mechanically connected to an upper portion of the conductive safety vent so that the circuit is broken when the conductive safety vent is inverted. PTC device which is mechanically connected and the circuit is cut off at a predetermined temperature or more, conductive anode terminal 15 which is electrically and mechanically connected to the top of the PTC device to apply an actual current to the outside, and a conductive safety vent and a protection circuit board And an insulating gasket which insulates these elements from the can 11 while surrounding the sides of the PTC element and the anode terminal 15. In addition, the cap 12 is provided with a safety vent and a safety valve to prepare for gas generation.

측면안전변세트(21)는 캔(11)의 측면 표면에 일정한 깊이로 형성되는 오목부로 형성된다. 오목부는 압연 등의 기계적인 방법이나 부분에칭 등의 방법에 의하여 소정 깊이로 형성될 수 있고, 또는 전지 내부와 외부를 관통하는 벤트를 형성하고 이 벤트에 폴리에틸렌 필름으로 코팅된 알루미늄호일을 삽입하고 알루니늄호일의 가장자리와 캔을 열융착 등의 방법으로 결합하여 형성시킬 수 있다. 안전변세트는 원형, 타원형, 사각형 등의 다양한 형태가 가능하다. 안전변세트의 형성위치는 내부의 가스가 규정압 이상으로 증가하여 측면안전변세트가 파다될 때 내부 가스가 전지의 전방향으로 분출될 수 있도록 배치된다. 이를 위해서는 측면안전변세트는 캔 표면의 전체에 균형있게 분포되어야 한다. 예를들어, 전지의 길이방향을 따라 반경방향에 대응되게 2줄, 4줄 등의 방법으로 배치시킬 수 있다.The side safety valve set 21 is formed of a recess formed at a constant depth on the side surface of the can 11. The recess may be formed to a predetermined depth by mechanical methods such as rolling or partial etching, or may form vents penetrating the inside and outside of the battery, insert an aluminum foil coated with a polyethylene film into the event, and Can be formed by combining the edge and the can of the luminium foil by a method such as heat fusion. Safety valve sets are available in various shapes such as round, oval and square. The formation position of the safety valve set is arrange | positioned so that an internal gas may blow out in all directions of a battery, when the gas inside is increased more than a predetermined pressure, and a side safety valve is excavated. To do this, the side safety valve sets must be balanced throughout the can surface. For example, it can be arranged in a manner such as 2 lines, 4 lines corresponding to the radial direction along the longitudinal direction of the battery.

이상에서는 측면안전변세트의 형상을 오목한 형태로 한정하여 설명하였으나, 이는 전지의 외관이나 관리상의 편의를 고려한 것이다. 따라서, 측면안전변세트를 볼록 형태의 돌기부로 형성하여도 무방하다.In the above description, the shape of the side safety valve set is limited to the concave shape, but this is in consideration of the appearance of the battery and the convenience of management. Therefore, the side safety valve set may be formed as a convex protrusion.

이러한 측면안전변세트를 갖는 전지에서 내부의 가스발생으로 내압이 상승하게 되면, 캡어셈블리나 캔의 하부에 형성된 안전변에 의하여 내부 가스가 분출됨과 동시에, 캔 표면에 형성된 다수의 측면안전변세트에 의해서도 다량의 내부 가스가 외부로 분출되므로 내부 가스가 전지의 전표면으로 분산된다.When the internal pressure rises due to internal gas generation in a battery having such a side safety valve set, the internal gas is ejected by a safety valve formed at the bottom of the cap assembly or the can, and a large amount of the side safety valve set is formed on the surface of the can. Since the internal gas is blown outward, the internal gas is dispersed to the entire surface of the battery.

이러한 구조 및 작용을 갖는 전지구조에 의하면, 이차전지의 내부동작 이상으로 파열이나 폭발이 발생하더라도 내부가스가 전지의 전표면으로 고르게 분산분출됨으로 일방향에서 측정되는 가스폭발력은 현저히 감소된다. 그 결과, 내부가스에 의한 전지폭발의 경우에도 사용자 등이 입을 수 있는 상해의 정도는 현저히 감소되므로, 전지의 안전성 특성이 크게 향상된다. According to the battery structure having such a structure and action, even if a rupture or explosion occurs beyond the internal operation of the secondary battery, the gas explosion force measured in one direction is significantly reduced because the internal gas is evenly dispersed and ejected to the entire surface of the battery. As a result, even in the case of battery explosion by the internal gas, the degree of injury that a user or the like can suffer is significantly reduced, so that the safety characteristics of the battery are greatly improved.

도1은 종래의 원통형 이차전지의 외형을 보여주는 사시도, 그리고1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a conventional cylindrical secondary battery, and

도2는 본 발명에 따른 원통형 캔의 측면안전변을 갖는 이차전지의 사시도이다.2 is a perspective view of a secondary battery having side safety sides of a cylindrical can according to the present invention.

- 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명 --Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings-

11: 캔 12: 캡11: can 12: cap

13: 캡안전변세트 14: 전해액주입구13: Cap safety valve set 14: Electrolytic solution inlet

15: 양극단자 21: 측면안전변세트15: Positive terminal 21: Side safety valve set

Claims (4)

음극판, 양극판, 그리고 상기 음극판 및 양극판 사이에 삽입되는 세퍼레이터를 포함하여 전력을 충방전하는 전극조립체;An electrode assembly including a negative electrode plate, a positive electrode plate, and a separator inserted between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate to charge and discharge electric power; 상기 전극조립체의 전력을 외부로 접속연결하는 캡어셈블리; 및A cap assembly for connecting and connecting the power of the electrode assembly to the outside; And 상부에 상기 캡어셈블리와 결합되어 내부에 소정의 공간을 형성하여 전해액 및 상기 전극조립체를 내장하며, 소정의 내부 압력에 의하여 파단되어 개방되는 다수의 안전변세트를 측면에 형성한 캔을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 캔측면 안전변세트를 갖는 이차전지.It is coupled to the cap assembly to form a predetermined space therein to embed the electrolyte and the electrode assembly, characterized in that it comprises a can formed on the side of a plurality of safety valve sets are broken and opened by a predetermined internal pressure A secondary battery having a can side safety valve set. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 캔측면 안전변세트는According to claim 1, wherein the can side safety valve set 압연에 의하여 내부로 함몰된 오목부인 것을 특징으로 하는 캔측면 안전변세트를 갖는 이차전지.A secondary battery having a can side safety valve set, characterized in that the recessed portion recessed inside by rolling. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 캔측면 안전변세트는According to claim 1, wherein the can side safety valve set 캔 측면을 관통하는 관통공의 외주연을 따라 열융착된 박막인 것을 특징으로 하는 캔측면 안전변세트를 갖는 이차전지.A secondary battery having a can side safety valve set, characterized in that the thin film heat-sealed along the outer periphery of the through-hole penetrating the can side. 제2항 또는 제3항에 있어서, 상기 캔측면 안전변세트는According to claim 2 or 3, wherein the can side safety valve set 캔측면 전체에 고르게 분포되는 것을 특징으로 하는 캔측면 안전변세트를 갖는 이차전지.A secondary battery having a can side safety valve set, characterized in that evenly distributed throughout the can side.
KR1020030056686A 2003-08-16 2003-08-16 A Can Shape with Many Sets of Safety Vents in Rechargeable Batteries KR100542683B1 (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101023919B1 (en) * 2008-06-09 2011-03-22 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Lithium Secondary Battery
KR101297090B1 (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-09-16 비나텍주식회사 Electrochemical Energy Storage Device Improved In High-Temperature Durability And Manufacturing Method Thereof
KR101350664B1 (en) * 2008-04-03 2014-01-10 주식회사 엘지화학 Secondary battery having an improved safety
KR101381651B1 (en) * 2012-10-15 2014-04-04 비나텍주식회사 Energy storage device having gas release device
KR101416808B1 (en) * 2012-10-15 2014-07-09 비나텍주식회사 Case having safety vent, method of manufacturing thereof and energy storage device using the case
WO2018190690A3 (en) * 2017-04-13 2019-01-03 주식회사 엘지화학 Secondary battery
JP2019522328A (en) * 2017-02-09 2019-08-08 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド Cylindrical lithium secondary battery
CN113795969A (en) * 2019-10-30 2021-12-14 株式会社Lg新能源 Battery module, and battery holder and energy storage device including the same

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101350664B1 (en) * 2008-04-03 2014-01-10 주식회사 엘지화학 Secondary battery having an improved safety
KR101023919B1 (en) * 2008-06-09 2011-03-22 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Lithium Secondary Battery
US8147998B2 (en) 2008-06-09 2012-04-03 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Secondary battery with rupture groove
KR101297090B1 (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-09-16 비나텍주식회사 Electrochemical Energy Storage Device Improved In High-Temperature Durability And Manufacturing Method Thereof
KR101381651B1 (en) * 2012-10-15 2014-04-04 비나텍주식회사 Energy storage device having gas release device
KR101416808B1 (en) * 2012-10-15 2014-07-09 비나텍주식회사 Case having safety vent, method of manufacturing thereof and energy storage device using the case
JP2019522328A (en) * 2017-02-09 2019-08-08 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド Cylindrical lithium secondary battery
WO2018190690A3 (en) * 2017-04-13 2019-01-03 주식회사 엘지화학 Secondary battery
US10971781B2 (en) 2017-04-13 2021-04-06 Lg Chem, Ltd. Secondary battery
CN113795969A (en) * 2019-10-30 2021-12-14 株式会社Lg新能源 Battery module, and battery holder and energy storage device including the same

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