KR20050001668A - Extracts of Oregano useful for protecting crops from plant pathogenic fungi - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is the extract of oregano which is useful for protecting crops from blight caused by plant pathogenic fungi. A composition comprising the extract of oregano and appropriate carriers is also provided. CONSTITUTION: The extract of oregano is used for protecting crops from blight caused by plant pathogenic fungi, wherein the plant pathogenic fungi include Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici, Gloeosporium laeticolor Berkeley, Magnaporthe grisea, Botryoshaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea and Momilinia fructicola honey.

Description

Extracts of Oregano useful for protecting crops from plant pathogenic fungi

The present invention relates to oregano extracts useful for protecting crops from diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi.

Vegetables (cucumbers, peppers, carrots, cabbages, lettuce, eggplants, bell peppers, tomatoes, onions, cabbage, spinach, etc.), fruit trees (strawberries, melons, watermelons, grapes, apples, etc.), flowers (roses, tulips, etc.), rice, etc. In the cultivation of crops, the development of a method which can effectively protect crops from diseases caused by numerous plant pathogens (especially fungal diseases) is an urgent problem.

Representative of the above-mentioned diseases, rice blast, gray mold, leaf blight, etc., there are many other kinds. The following briefly describes the three representative fungal diseases described above.

"Rice blast" is a disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea, which is a very serious disease of about 40% of the rice disease. Leaves, leaf tongue, node, ear tree, ear branch, rice seed, and the like, the symptoms are different depending on the site or time of occurrence. In severe cases of seedlings, the seedlings do not grow well, and the whole leaves turn brown to dry. In the earwood, dark brown pattern is formed at the branching point of the ear branch, and when it grows larger and surrounds the earwood, the ear becomes white and grows. In severe cases, more than one-third to one-half of the ear will be ill and the grains will be unsatisfactory. When there is frequent rain, lack of sunshine, cold and humid weather, strong wind blowing, low soil temperature (20 ℃), low soil moisture content, overdose of nitrogen manure, In many cases, when the rice transplanting time is late, mainly onset. Commonly used as control chemicals include labside, buraes, hinanosan, kitazine, fuchiwa, beam, etc. {Reference: Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Development Institute (www.nongup.gyeonggi.kr)}.

"Leather blight" is a disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, and it is known that it occurs in early summer in Korea and peaks in the high-humidity of August to early September. The damage caused by leaf blight is about 22% of the rice damage rate, and about 87% of the water planting area. For the control, methods using chemical agents such as pencicuron, hexaconazole, and prutonyl are mainly used {reference: Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (www.nongup.gyeonggi.kr)}.

Asymptomatic fungus is a disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, which mainly infects flowers and petals and turns brown. In particular, it occurs on the petals attached to the fruit after the inflorescence and causes a wound on the young fruit, and the mature fruit is wound or directly invaded and infected. In the case of storage fruit infections, dark brown immersion lesions first appear, and later ash gray mold on the front of the fruit, which occurs mainly in plant cultivation and protects night temperatures between November and March when the outside temperature is low. Hazards are high when the humidity is high in a closed facility. In case of planting wheat, if the plant is painted and grows lush, the ventilation is bad and the disease occurs well. It occurs well in high humidity environment around 20 ℃. The pathogen is airborne by countless gray mold spores from the affected area. Therefore, the proliferation of infectious agents is very strong, and if conditions are met, they are spread to whole packaging in a short time. To control this, chemical agents such as dietofencarb and gabenda hydrous are mainly used, with measures to prevent outbreaks during cultivation such as ventilation and drainage. It is preferable to spray the drug prophylactically. In order to prevent the emergence of resistant bacteria during the spraying of the drug, spraying a mixture of different functionalities or using a mixed spray has a high control effect. {Reference: 國 國 平. 1982. 新版 野菜 の 病 害蟲-診斷 と 防除-.全國 農村 敎 育 協會 pp. 651;農 文 協 編. 1987. 原色 野菜 病 害蟲 百科.農 山 漁村 文化 協會 pp. 485}.

However, in the case of chemicals that are currently mainly used to control diseases on crops such as vegetables, fruit trees, flowers, rice, and the like, there are many problems such as the risk of developing resistant bacteria to chemicals and environmental pollution. Therefore, there has been a need to develop a method that can effectively control the disease without causing such a problem, in particular a method using a biopharmaceutical.

Meanwhile, "Oregano" (Oreganum vulgare) is a perennial herb with nectar with a height of about 30 to 60 cm and a leaf length of about 1.5 cm. Asia is distributed in many countries along the Mediterranean coast and the United States.

The main components of oregano's essential oils are carvacrol and thymol, which make up about 90% of the total, and other types of monoterpene carbohydrates (limonene, terpinene, ossimen, cariophylene, Beta-bisabolene, p-cymene) and monoterpene alcohols (linarol, 4-terpineol) are reported to be contained.

Oregano has been used as an herbal medicine since it was tonic, diuretic, healthy, appetite-boosting, soothing and disinfecting since ancient Greek times, and has been used to boil tea, potpourri and baths.

In addition, oregano has a good fragrance, bitterness and freshness, and is widely used as a spice in cooking. The oregano essential oil has already been approved by the US FDA for its safety as a food. In particular, oregano extract has been widely used as a food additive in bread production due to its good aroma in bread production and the inhibitory effect of bacteria. {Remal A. et al., "Inhibition of antibacterial activity of essential oils by tween 80 and ethanol in liquid medium ", J. Pharm. Belg. (1993), Sep-Oct; 48 (5): 352-6, Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Fes Morocco}.

However, the use of oregano extract as a pesticide to protect crops from diseases caused by crop cultivation such as plant cultivation vegetables, fruit vegetables and rice (especially those caused by phytopathogenic fungi) has not been known until now. .

An object of the present invention is to effectively protect crops from diseases (especially, diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi) generated during crop cultivation such as plant cultivation vegetables, fruit vegetables, and rice, and many problems with conventional chemical pesticides. It is to provide a biopharmaceutical that does not cause them (tolerance of chemical drugs, generation of environmental pollution, etc.).

1 shows different concentrations (untreated, 100 ppm, 150 ppm (upper left to right direction); 8 fungi [Rhizoctonia solani (denoted by "1"), Phytophthora capsici ("2") of oregano extracts of 200 ppm, 250 ppm and 300 ppm (lower left to right)] ), Gloosporium laeticolor berkaley (denoted "3"), Magnaporthe grisea (denoted "4"), Botriosphaeria dothidea ; Denoted "5"), Fusarium oxisporum (denoted "6"), Botrytis cinerea (denoted "7"), and Momilinia fructicola honey (Indicated by "8") is a photograph showing the results of in vitro tests that examined the effectiveness of the control.

FIG. 2 shows the control effects of oregano extracts of different concentrations (untreated, 500 ppm and 700 ppm) and control chemicals (cresacem-methyl 47% granulant 200 ppm) against cucumber gray mold (onset by Botritis cinerea) In vivo test results photographs are examined.

FIG. 3 shows a rice febrile disease (induced by Magnaforte Grisse) of different concentrations (untreated, 300 ppm and 500 ppm) of oregano extract and a control chemical (perimzone + tricyclazole 40% hydrate (trade name: Nonbra) 50 ppm) The photograph shows the result of an in vivo test that examined the control effect against the disease.

The present invention relates to oregano extracts useful for protecting crops from diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi.

As used herein, the term "phytopathogenic fungi" is a generic term for fungi causing disease in crops, which can obtain a control effect using the oregano extract of the present invention.

Preferably, the above phytopathogenic fungi are Genus Rhizoctonia, Genus Gloeosporium, Phytophthora, Magnaporthe, Fusarium, Boat It belongs to the genus Botriosphaeria, Botrytis or Momilinia, but is not limited thereto.

Even more preferably, the above phytopathogenic fungi include Rhizoctonia solani, Gloeosporium laeticolor berkaley, Phytophthora capsici, Magnaporthe grisea, Fusarium oxisporum, Botriosphaeria dothidea, Botrytis cinerea or Momilinia fructicola honey ), But is not limited thereto.

As used herein, the term "crop" is a generic term for crops capable of obtaining a control effect by using the oregano extract of the present invention, vegetables (cucumbers, peppers, carrots, cabbage, lettuce, eggplant, bell peppers, tomatoes, onions, Cabbage, spinach, and the like), fruit trees (strawberries, melons, watermelons, grapes, apples, etc.), rice, and the like are all widely used.

Representative diseases of the oregano extract of the present invention exhibits a control effect, including a leaf blight blight, peach anthracnose, pepper blight, rice fever, tomato wilted disease, apple leaf rot, gray mold disease and gray pattern disease, etc. It is not.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a composition comprising a control effective amount of oregano extract and a suitable carrier, which are used to protect crops from diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi.

The "suitable carrier" for use in the composition of the present invention described above includes solvents and / or surfactants commonly used in the manufacture of pesticides, and in particular to improve the diffusibility / control efficacy / safety of oregano extract All suitable solvents and / or surfactants which can be added, etc. are included.

In the case of the solvent used in the composition of the present invention, a suitable solvent can be selected and used depending on the type of the final formulation (for example, emulsion, liquid, liquid hydrating agent, etc.), the nature and condition of the active ingredient. Selection of such a suitable solvent is apparent to those skilled in the art and may be a nonpolar solvent, a polar solvent, or a nonpolar / polar mixed solvent.

In the case of the surfactant used in the composition of the present invention, the type of final formulation (e.g., liquid, emulsion, liquid hydrating agent, etc.), the state of the active ingredient, the type and characteristics of the solvent used (e.g., with or without polarity) A suitable surfactant can be selected and used according to the etc. Selection of such suitable surfactants will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

The oregano extract provided by the present invention can be used to protect crops from various diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, and has no existing chemicals without problems such as resistant bacteria and environmental pollution. It has the same or similar control effect as the drug.

In the following examples, according to the present invention, the results of the analysis of the results of administering the oregano extract to the predetermined phytopathogenic fungi and the plant caused thereby. However, it should not be understood that the oregano extract in the present invention is limited to phytopathogenic fungi specified in the following examples and exerts an effect.

Example

1. Material

(1) oregano extract

As the oregano extract used in this example, origan essential oil (90%) (purchased from Robertet, France) obtained by steam extraction of oregano flower head was used.

(2) phytopathogenic fungi

In the examples herein, a total of eight phytopathogenic fungi {Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici, Gloeosporium laeticolor berkaley, Magnaporthe grisea, Botriosphaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxisporum, Botrytis cinerea and Momilinia fructicola honey ) To test the control effect of oregano extract.

The eight phytopathogenic fungi mentioned above were obtained from the Gene Bank of Korea Center for Biotechnology.

2. In vitro testing

This in-flight test is a test to determine the effect on the growth of the eight phytopathogenic fungi mycelium in the culture medium when the oregano extract of the present invention is treated.

Each fungal fungus was added to six different mediums (Potato Dextrose Agar) for each fungus, each containing different concentrations (untreated, 100ppm, 150ppm, 200ppm, 250ppm and 300ppm) of oregano extract origan essential oil (90%). After inoculation, the cells were cultured in the dark for 8 days at room temperature and 60% relative humidity.

Then, in order to measure the control effect of the oregano extract on each of the fungi described above, after examining the "degree of incidence" expressed in% of the lesion area when the entire area of the sample was viewed as 100%, the "lowering rate" ratio (%) "Was measured:

*% Block = × 100

Table 1 below shows the percent blocking measured according to the method described above.

Control (non-treated) (%) 100 ppm (%) 150 ppm (%) 200 ppm (%) 250 ppm (%) 300 ppm (%) 1.Lijatonia Solani 0 0 32 50 78 100 2.Phytophthora capsici 0 65.0 89.7 100 100 100 3.Geoeosporium Raetikollar Vercali 0 42.3 79.9 100 100 100 4.Magnaporte Grissea 0 95.8 100 100 100 100 5botrios paeria dotidea 0 43.5 92.4 97.7 100 100 6.Fusarium oxysporum 0 67.6 77.2 86 96.5 98.3 7.Botritis Cinerea 0 31.1 53.1 71.3 83.8 91.3 8) Momini Fruticola 0 55 90.2 100 100 100

As shown in Table 1, when the oregano extract was treated with the remaining fungi except Fusarium oxisporum and Botrytis cinerea, 100% inhibition effect was obtained at a low concentration of 300 ppm. In case of 500 ppm treatment (not described in this example), all 8 fungi exhibited 100% inhibition effect.

The results of Table 1 can also be confirmed through the photographic diagram of FIG. 1.

3. In vivo test

(1) Cucumber gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea

end. Host Plant Preparation

House white tea was selected as the host plant, and a soil mixed with horticulture subconcentration and vermiculite in a 3: 1 ratio was used for breathability and increase. The seedlings were planted in 1 (lip / pot) and rearranged into 4 rows x 7 rows in rice transplanters to prevent white teats from becoming soft. Then, seedlings were seeded during the period of development (about 3 weeks) of the two main leaves. During this seedling period, yuan fertilizer (purchased from Namhae Chemical) was diluted to 0.5% and irrigated three times, causing the swelling to become weak, leading to easy onset.

I. Vaccine preparation

Botrytis cinerea strain was added to the PDA medium, and cultured for about 10 days at about 20 ° C. and in a dark state, and then further cultured at about 20 ° C. and a light cancer for 5 days to induce spore formation. After adding a 6 g / 250 ml PDB solution to a Petri dish with a large amount of spores, spores were collected by a brush. After collecting the collected spores with a three-ply gauze, the onset of white tea was induced using the following method.

All. Induction

Botrytis cinerea strains were inoculated onto the white tea tree (100 ml per 24pot tray), and then left for 3 days in a dark room at about 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of about 100% to induce the onset.

la. Pharmaceutical preparation

Oregano extract origan essential oil (90%) at different concentrations (500 ppm and 700 ppm), and 200 ppm of Kresoxym-methyl 47% granular watering agent were used as control.

The prepared white teas were collected in one tray, and then each drug was treated simultaneously using a sprayer (30 ml per 12 pot tray).

In order to obtain the average value of the disease control effect of the drug, the drug treatment process described above was repeated three times.

hemp. Drug investigation

After examining the "degree of incidence" expressed as a percentage of the lesion area when the whole cucumber leaf was 100%, the "control value" of the following equation was obtained:

* Control price = × 100

The incidence and control values in this test are as shown in Table 2 below.

Treatment pharmaceutical Incidence (%) ¹ Control price (%) Oregano Extract 500ppm 700ppm 2213 5875 Control Drug (Cre Soxyl Methyl 47% Granular Water Wetting Agent 200ppm) 12 80 No treatment 52 0

{In the above, the incidence (%) ¹ is the average value of three repeated test results}

The result can also be confirmed through the photographic diagram of FIG. 2.

(2) Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea

end. Host Plant Preparation

Nakdong varieties of rice were selected as host plants, and subsoils for tap water were used as soil. After two days of sowing rice seedlings 3 (rib / pot) in a triangular shape about 45 ° angle and about 5 mm depth, water was sprayed to the extent that no seeds are visible. Then, the rice seedlings were filled with rice paddy and seedlings were grown for about three weeks. During this seedling period, yuan fertilizer (purchased from Namhae Chemical) was diluted 1,000 times and irrigated twice, so that rice was soft and induced to occur easily.

I. Vaccine preparation

First, a PDA medium for subculture, a PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) medium for transplant preparation, and a rice bran medium for spore formation consisting of rice bran: agar: dextrose: water of 10: 6: 5: 500 were prepared, respectively.

About 10 passage-containing bacterium-agar discs were cultured per 100 ml of PDB and shaken for 7 days at about 27 ° C. until the filtrate and the flask became black.

The transplant preparation strain thus obtained was placed in a sterile container and homogenized to be used for sporulation. Two 100 ml-flasks were used and the strains were homogenized in 15 ml upper layer + 15 ml lower layer / 500 ml of rice bran medium.

The prepared strains were cultured in the dark at about 27 ° C. for 8 days, giving stress to the grown mycelia and storing them under fluorescent lamps for 2 days to induce sporulation. Sterile water was added to the spore-forming petri-dish in a lump form, and then spores were collected by scraping with a brush. The collected spores were filtered with three layers of gauze and inoculated into the prepared rice as follows.

All. Induction

Magnaporthe grisea strain prepared as described above was sprayed inoculated on rice (100ml per 24pot-tray), and then left for 4 days in a dark room at about 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of about 100% to induce the onset. .

la. Pharmaceutical preparation

Different concentrations (300 ppm and 500 ppm) of oregano extract origan essential oil (90%), and 50 ppm of "Ferimzone + Tricyclazole 40% hydrating agent (trade name: Nonbra)" were used as control agents.

Prior to drug treatment, 250 ppm of Tween-20 was sprayed and dried. Then, the prepared rice was collected in one tray, and each of the drugs was simultaneously treated using a sprayer (30 ml per 12 pot-tray).

In order to obtain the average value of the pest control effect of the above-mentioned drugs, the above-described drug treatment process was repeated three times.

hemp. Drug investigation

After investigating the "degree of incidence" in percent of lesion area when the total area of the second lobe was 30% from below, the "control value" of the following equation was obtained:

* Control price = × 100

The incidence and control values in this test are as shown in Table 3 below.

Treatment pharmaceutical Incidence (%) ¹ Control price (%) Oregano Extract 300ppm 500ppm 0.50.2 5080 Control agent (Nonbra 40% Hydrating 50 ppm 0.2 80 No treatment 1.0 0

{In the above, the incidence (%) ¹ is the average value of three repeated test results}

The result can also be confirmed through the photographic diagram of FIG. 3.

Claims (5)

Oregano extract, used to protect crops from diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. The method of claim 1, wherein the phytopathogenic fungi are Genus Rhizoctonia, Genus Gloeosporium, Genus Phytophthora, Genus Magnaporthe, Genus Fusarium, Genus Botriosphaeria, Genus Botrytis Oregano extract, characterized in that it belongs to the genus (Botrytis) or the genus Momilinia. The method of claim 2, wherein the phytopathogenic fungi are Rhizoctonia solani, Gloeosporium laeticolor berkaley, Phytophthora capsici, Magnaporthe grisea, Fusarium oxysea An oregano extract characterized in that it is Fusarium oxisporum, Botriosphaeria dothidea, Botrytis cinerea or Momilinia fructicola honey. The disease according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein Oregano extract, characterized by a leaf blight blight, peach anthracnose, pepper blight, rice fever, tomato wilted disease, apple leaf rot, cucumber and strawberry gray mold, or gray blight. A composition comprising a control effective amount of oregano extract and a suitable carrier, used to protect crops from diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi.