KR200418621Y1 - Forging Apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a forging apparatus provided with an elastic member on the lower side of the die to enable the up and down flow of the die.

The forging device according to the present invention, the bottom surface is formed in a shape corresponding to the appearance of the upper surface of the forged finished product 140, the punch 100 to move downward to strike the material (m); The die 100 is installed below the punch 100 and has a circular material extrusion hole 116 formed therethrough to support the side of the material m, and an upper end portion selectively contacts the punch 100. 110; A pressure plate (120) provided below the die (110) to support the die (110); A molding shaft 124 provided inside the pressure plate 120 to form a groove in the material m; It is provided between the pressure plate 120 and the die 110, and consists of an elastic member 130 and the like to support the die 110 to move up and down. According to the present invention having such a configuration, there is an advantage that the forging operation is more smooth.

Forging, device, elastic member, flow

Description

Forging Apparatus

1 is a process chart showing a process of manufacturing a product by a forging apparatus according to the prior art.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view before the forging operation showing the configuration of a preferred embodiment of the forging apparatus according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a perspective view showing an example of the forged finished product produced by the forging device according to the present invention.

Figure 4 is a step-by-step manufacturing state showing the process of molding the product by the forging device according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state after the forging operation is made by the forging device according to the present invention.

Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state where the punch and the die abutting the embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state where a material is inserted between the punch and the die constituting an embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a graph showing the overall result of the product forming experiment using the forging apparatus according to the present invention.

9A to 9C are graphs partially showing the results of each experiment shown in FIG. 8.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

100. Punch 102. Upper depression

110. Die 112. Punch Receipt

114. Lower depression 120. Pressure plate

122. Receiving groove 124. Shaft

126. Sleeve tube 128. Pin insertion hole

130. Elastic member 140. Forged finished product

m. Material

The present invention relates to a forging apparatus, and relates to a forging apparatus provided with an elastic member at a lower side of the die to enable a vertical flow of the die.

In general, forging refers to an operation of making a solid metal material into a predetermined shape by hammering or pressing a metallic material with a hammer, and the like. The tapping temperature may be a room temperature, but the melting point is In higher materials, some heating may be required.

And, forging at a temperature higher than the temperature at which recrystallization proceeds in the raw material, hot forging, and cold forging at a lower temperature. I)

The method of work is to place the material between the flat tool and the free forging to make the product of the desired shape by turning or repositioning it properly. A typical forging is a type of forging that produces a product of the desired shape by being inserted and beaten.

The forging of the die consists of a method of hitting each other by dropping the upper mold on the lower mold and knocking the upper mold and the lower mold by moving the upper mold.

However, the following problems occur in the conventional forging method and apparatus as described above.

In the free forging as described above, there is a problem in that a number of working processes are required, and in the forging of the die, the impact of the lower die colliding with the upper die is large, and in order to complete a certain shape of the product at a time, there is a problem of increasing the dropping speed of the upper die. .

For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the intermediate material (forging finished product) for making a side bevel gear is comprised by two processes. That is, a guide extrusion process (a) of first extruding the lower edge portion of the material 10 to form a lower guide 12 with a hollow inside, and forming the upper part of the material 10 by forming a head Since it consists of two steps of the hair forming step (b) forming the part 14, there are many problems in the work process.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and to provide a forging apparatus, wherein the die is supported by an elastic member and configured to be able to flow up and down.

The forging device according to the present invention for achieving the object as described above, the bottom surface is formed in a shape corresponding to the appearance of the upper surface of the finished forging, punch to move downward to hit the material; A die installed below the punch and having a circular material extrusion hole formed therethrough to support the side of the material, and having an upper end selectively contacting the punch; A pressure plate provided below the die to support the die; A shaping shaft provided inside the pressure plate for forming a groove in the material; And an elastic member provided between the pressure plate and the die to support the die so as to be movable up and down.

The elastic member is characterized in that the hydraulic means using a compression spring or hydraulic pressure.

The outer side of the molding shaft, it is provided to slide up and down along the outer peripheral surface of the molding shaft, characterized in that the sleeve tube for forcing upward extraction of the forged finished product is further provided.

The forged finished product is characterized in that it has a configuration including a head portion extruded to the side from the cylindrical material and the lower guide is formed by extruding the edge of the material downward.

Shape ratio (H / D), which is a ratio of height (H) and diameter (D) of the material, is 1.4 to 1.6, and forging extrusion ratio is a ratio of head height (F) and width (E) of the lower guide of the forged product. (F / E) is 1.5 to 1.7, the guide ratio (G / H) of the height (G) and the height (H) ratio of the material is accommodated inside the material extrusion hole of the die is less than 0.38 It is done.

According to the forging apparatus according to the present invention having such a configuration, there is an advantage that the forging operation is more smooth.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention as described above will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the forging apparatus according to the present invention. That is, the front cross section of the forging apparatus before the forging operation is shown is shown.

According to this, the punch 100 is provided on the upper side. The punch 100 is installed at a distance spaced upward from the die 110 to be described below, the punch 100 is moved downwards (falling) to apply a blow from the upper side to the material (m) will be. The punch 100 is also commonly referred to as a press.

The punch 100 is supported by a support (not shown) and installed to be able to flow up and down, and is moved downward or forcedly moved by a load or a separate power means. That is, the punch 100 is generally designed to have a weight of several tens to thousands of tons to strike the material (m) by its own load, or forced downward by a power means consisting of a separate hydraulic device, etc. Move to and hit the material (m). Of course, it is preferable that such acceleration is generated when the punch 100 moves downward so that a large blow is applied to the material m as much as possible.

On the other hand, the bottom of the punch 100 is formed in a shape corresponding to the appearance of the upper surface of the forged finished product 140 to be described below. That is, as the punch 100 and the die 110 to be described below contact each other, the raw material m is compressed, and the raw material m pressed between the punch 100 and the die 110 is punched. It has a shape corresponding to the space between the bottom surface of the 100 and the top surface of the die (110).

Therefore, as shown in the bottom of the punch 100, a shape corresponding to the appearance of the upper surface of the forging finished product 140 to be described below is molded. That is, as shown, the bottom of the punch 100 is formed with an upper recessed portion 102 recessed upwards, the upper recessed portion 102 corresponds to the upper surface of the forged finished product 140 to be described below It has a shape.

The die 110 is installed below the punch 100 to selectively contact the punch 100. The die 110 supports the raw material m before being processed, and compresses the raw material m together with the punch 100 to form the raw material m into a desired shape.

The lower end of the punch 100 is selectively contacted with the die 110 from above. Therefore, a punch accommodating part 112 is formed in the upper half of the die 110 to accommodate the lower end of the punch 100 inserted therein. That is, the die 110 is formed with a punch receiving portion 112 recessed downwardly from an upper surface, and a sufficient width (diameter) so that the lower end of the punch 100 is sufficiently inserted and then easily exits upward. )

The punch accommodating part 112 further includes a lower recessed part 114. More specifically, the bottom central portion of the punch accommodating part 112 is formed with a lower depression 114 having a shape corresponding to the appearance of the upper half (head) of the forged finished product 140 to be described below. Therefore, when the punch 100 and the die 110 are in contact with each other, the forging finished product 140 having an upper half shape corresponding to the lower depression 114 is formed.

The material extrusion hole 116 is formed up and down in the die 110. The material extrusion hole 116 is formed to penetrate the center portion of the die 110 up and down to guide the material (m). Therefore, when the punch 100 moves downward (falls), the edge of the material m placed on the die 110 is pressed by the punch 100 and extruded downward along the material extrusion hole 116. .

A member receiving groove 118 is further formed on the bottom of the die 110. The member accommodating groove 118 is a portion recessed upward from the bottom of the die 110, and is a portion in which the elastic member 130 to be described below is accommodated.

The pressure plate 120 is installed below the die 110. The pressure plate 120 is to support the die 110, the pressure plate 120 is not installed to directly support the die 110, indirectly through the elastic member 130 to be described below. To support the die 110.

An accommodation groove 122 is formed inside the pressure plate 120. That is, the center portion of the pressure plate 120 is formed with a circular receiving groove 122 recessed in a predetermined length downward from the upper surface. The receiving groove 122 accommodates the molding shaft 124 and the sleeve tube 126 to be described below.

Inside the pressure plate 120, the forming shaft 124 for forming a groove in the material (m) is formed up and down. More specifically, the forming shaft 124 is provided in the receiving groove 122 of the pressure plate 120 and the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110. That is, as shown, the forming shaft 124 provided in the receiving groove 122 of the pressure plate 120 is formed long vertically to the upper end to reach the inside of the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110 do.

The shaping shaft 124 is molded into a cylindrical shape to support the lower end of the material (m). In addition, the lower end of the forming shaft 124 is preferably formed integrally with the lower end of the pressure plate 120.

The outer diameter of the forming shaft 124 has a size relatively smaller than the diameter of the receiving groove 122 of the pressure plate 120 and the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110. Therefore, a predetermined gap is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the forming shaft 124 and the inner circumferential surface of the receiving groove 122 and the material extrusion hole 116.

The outer side of the forming shaft 124 is further provided with a sleeve tube 126 for forcing upward extraction of the forged finished product 140 to be described below. The sleeve tube 126 is installed to be slidable up and down along the outer circumferential surface of the forming shaft 124, to guide the forging finished product 140, the forging operation is completed to be taken out above the die (110).

A pin insertion hole 128 is further formed at the lower end of the pressure plate 120. The pin insertion hole 128 is a portion into which a takeout pin (not shown) is inserted to take out the forged finished product 140 to be described below.

In more detail, a predetermined pin insertion hole 128 penetrating up and down is formed at one side (left side in FIG. 2) of the lower end of the accommodation groove 122 formed in the pressure plate 120. Therefore, after the forging operation is completed, when the ejection pin (not shown) is inserted upward from the lower portion of the pin insertion hole 128, the ejection pin pushes the sleeve tube 126 upward. As the sleeve tube 126 moves upward, the forged finished product 140 on the upper side is pushed upward and taken out of the die 110.

An elastic member 130 is provided between the pressure plate 120 and the die 110. One or more elastic members 130 may be provided, and FIG. 2 illustrates a case in which the elastic members 130 are installed in pairs on the left and right sides.

The elastic member 130 is elastically supported so that the die 110 can be moved up and down. That is, initially, the die 110 is supported to be placed at a predetermined position as shown in FIG. 2, and when the punch 100 moves downward, the die 110 is supported to be able to move to a predetermined portion downward. Done.

In addition, the elastic member 130 is preferably made of a compression spring. That is, as shown, the elastic member 130 is preferably composed of a plurality of compression springs that are accommodated in the member receiving groove 118 to elastically support the die 110.

3 shows an example of the forged finished product 140 forged by the forging apparatus as described above.

As shown in the figure, the forged finished product 140 is the head portion 142 extruded to the side from the cylindrical material, and the lower guide 144 is formed by extruding the edge of the material (m) to the lower side, etc. Is done.

More specifically, the cylindrical material (m) as described above is extruded into the gap between the punch 100, the die 110 and the forming shaft 124 by one single process, such as Forging finished product 140 is molded at the same time.

That is, the upper portion of the material m is spread laterally to fill the space between the punch 100 and the die 110 to form a head 142 having a relatively large outer diameter, and below the material m The portion is moved downward by the force of the punch 100 while the edge portion is filled into the gap between the forming shaft 124 and the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110 to form the lower guide 144. do.

The forged finished product 140 having the shape as described above is a product that serves as an intermediate material for the manufacture of side bevel gears. That is, although not shown, the forged finished product 140 manufactured by the apparatus as described above is a bevel gear (Bevel Gear) is formed on the outside of the head 142 in the next step again.

Hereinafter, the process of manufacturing the forged finished product 140 by the forging device having the above configuration will be described.

First, as shown in FIG. 2, the cylindrical material m is inserted into the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110, and then a force is applied to the punch 100 to lower the material m. Hit into the room.

When the material (m) is moved downward by the force by the punch 100, the material (m) is moved to the lower side while being fitted in the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110, The die 110 also moves downward in the process. That is, the die 110 supported by the elastic member 130 moves downward along with the raw material m by the force of the punch 100. (See FIG. 4).

As the die 110 moves downward, extrusion of the raw material m starts from left and right up and down by the force of the punch 100. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the upper and lower portions of the material m are gradually extruded by the gap between the punch 100, the die 110, and the forming shaft 124.

Since the lower center portion of the raw material m is supported by the shaping shaft 124, when the force of the punch 100 is continuously applied from the upper side of the raw material m, the lower edge of the raw material m is It is gradually extruded as shown in FIG. 4 by the gap between the outer circumferential surface of the molding shaft 124 and the inner circumferential surface of the material extrusion hole 116. Thus, as shown in Figure 5, the lower end of the material (m) forms a lower guide 144 as described above.

And, the upper end of the material (m) is spread laterally by the force of the punch (100). That is, the upper part of the material m is extruded into a space between the upper depression 102 of the punch 100 and the lower depression 114 of the die 110 so that the outer diameter of the upper end of the material m is increased. It becomes bigger. Therefore, the upper portion of this material (m) is to form the head 142 of the forged finished product 140, as shown in FIG.

On the other hand, in order to form the forged finished product 140 by the above process should be provided with various elements. More specifically, the size of the material (m) and the position where the material (m) is first set (Setting) will vary depending on what shape the forging finished product 140 is to be formed. That is, according to which shape of the forged finished product 140 is required, an optimal setting position of the die 110 for holding the optimum size of the material m and the material m is determined.

Hereinafter, a method of forming an optimal forging finished product 140 for forming the forging finished product 140 by using the forging device as described above will be described.

6 shows a partial cross section of the punch 100 in a state in which the punch 100 is completely accommodated in the punch receiving portion 112 of the die 110. As such, when the punch 100 is completely accommodated in the punch accommodating part 112 of the die 110, the upper recess 102 of the punch 100 and the lower recess 114 of the die 110 are provided. The space formed between is preferably matched to the shape of the forged finished product 140.

Therefore, the distance F between the upper depression 102 of the punch 100 and the lower depression 114 of the die 110 as shown is the head 142 of the forging finished product 140. Corresponding to the height, the distance (E) between the outer peripheral surface of the molding shaft 124 and the inner peripheral surface of the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110 corresponds to the width of the lower guide 144 of the forging finished product 140. .

Hereinafter, the distance F between the upper depression 102 of the punch 100 and the lower depression 114 of the die 110 is the height F of the head 142 of the forging finished product 140. The distance E between the outer circumferential surface of the forming shaft 124 and the inner circumferential surface of the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110 is referred to as the lower guide 144 width E of the forged finished product 140. It demonstrates by calling.

In addition, the ratio (F / E) of the height (F) of the head portion 142 of the forging finished product 140 and the width E of the lower guide 144 of the forging finished product 140 is forging extrusion ratio (Forging & Extrusion Ratio).

In Fig. 7, the state immediately before deformation of the material m is shown in partial cross section. That is, the state in which the raw material m is pushed down by the punch 100 to the lower side and the bottom surface touches the upper surface of the forming shaft 124 is illustrated.

Here, the ratio (H / D) of the height (H) of the material (m) to the diameter (D) is called an aspect ratio, wherein the material (m) is a material extrusion hole (116) of the die (110). ) The height accommodated inside is called 'G'. That is, 'G' is the size of the height that the outer peripheral surface of the lower end of the material (m) and the inner peripheral surface of the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110 contact.

The material (m) is accommodated by the 'G' inside the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110, so that the lower edge of the material (m) is guided to be extruded downward, wherein the material (m) The height (G) ratio (G / H) of the height (G) accommodated in the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110 and the material (m) is referred to as a guide ratio.

8 to 9c are graphs showing a state in which the shape of the forged product 140 is molded according to each factor (element) as described above. In other words, the degree of completeness of the head part 142 of the forging finished product 140 is shown in a graph according to the forging extrusion ratio F / E, the shape ratio H / D, and the guide ratio G / H. It is.

Looking more specifically, the X axis of the glyph represents the guide ratio (G / H), the Y axis is the ratio of the head portion 142 of the forging finished product 140 is not completed (Unfilling Cavity). The negative (-) value of the Y-axis represents the degree to which the head 142 of the forged finished product 140 is excessively spread to the side, and the (+) value is the head 142 of the forged finished product 140 to the side spread. The degree is insufficient. In addition, the head portion 142 of the forged finished product 140 is not completed (Unfilling Cavity), that is, the Y axis is preferably an area within 0 to 5%.

Because the forged finished product 140 serves as an intermediate material for manufacturing side bevel gears as described above, the outer surface of the head 142 of the forged finished product 140 has a gear tooth. (Iii) is formed. Therefore, it is not necessary to mold the head 142 of the forging finished product 140 to a full shape using a larger force. More preferably, 5% is positioned at the Y axis.

As shown in FIG. 8, the forging extrusion ratio (F / E), which is a ratio of the height E of the head 142 of the forging finished product 140 and the width E of the lower guide 144, is 1.5 to 1.7, The shape ratio H / D, which is a ratio of the height H of the material m and the diameter D, is 1.4 to 1.6 in each case, and the material m is the material extrusion hole 116 of the die 110. ) Experimental results of how the guide ratio (G / H), which is the ratio of the height (G) accommodated inside the height (H) of the material (m) is represented.

As shown here, since the value of the Y-axis is 5 or less when the value of the guide ratio G / H is generally 0.38 or less, the value of the guide ratio G / H is set to 0.38 or less. It is desirable to. More preferably, the value of the guide ratio G / H is any one of values within 0.14 to 0.38 so that each graph is in contact with the 5% point on the Y axis.

9A-9C show the graph shown in FIG. 8 partially separated.

First, referring to FIG. 9A, the relationship between the shape ratio H / D and the guide ratio G / H when the forging extrusion ratio F / E is 1.5 is shown. As shown, when the forging extrusion ratio (F / E) is 1.5, and the shape ratio (H / D) is 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6, respectively, the guide ratio (G / H) is preferably 0.33 or less Do.

More specifically, in the case where the forging extrusion ratio F / E is fixed at 1.5, when the aspect ratio H / D is 1.4, the guide ratio G / H is most preferably 0.33. If (H / D) is 1.5, the guide ratio (G / H) is 0.27, and if the aspect ratio (H / D) is 1.6, the guide ratio (G / H) is most preferably 0.14. This is because the Y-axis value at this time becomes 5% as shown.)

Next, referring to FIG. 9B, the relationship between the shape ratio H / D and the guide ratio G / H when the forging extrusion ratio F / E is 1.6 is illustrated. As shown, when the forging extrusion ratio (F / E) is 1.6, and the shape ratio (H / D) is 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6, respectively, the guide ratio (G / H) is preferably less than 0.36 Do.

More specifically, when the forging extrusion ratio (F / E) is fixed to 1.6, it is most preferable that the guide ratio (G / H) is 0.36 when the aspect ratio (H / D) is 1.4 or 1.5, If the aspect ratio (H / D) is 1.6, the guide ratio (G / H) is most preferably 0.31.

9C, the relationship between the shape ratio H / D and the guide ratio G / H in the case where the forging extrusion ratio F / E is 1.7 is shown. As shown, when the forging extrusion ratio (F / E) is 1.7, and the shape ratio (H / D) is 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6, respectively, the guide ratio (G / H) is preferably less than 0.38 Do.

More specifically, when the forging extrusion ratio (F / E) is fixed to 1.7, if the shape ratio (H / D) is 1.4 or 1.5 or 1.6, the guide ratio (G / H) is 0.37 to 0.38 Most preferred.

The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-exemplified embodiments, and many other modifications based on the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art within the above technical scope.

For example, in the above embodiment, a case in which a compression spring is used as the elastic member 130 is anticipated. In addition to the compression spring, hydraulic means using hydraulic pressure may be used.

As described above, according to the present invention, a cushioning member is further provided between the pressure plate and the die of the forging device, and is configured to allow a certain amount of vertical flow of the die. Therefore, there is an advantage that the forging operation is smoother than when the die is fixed. That is, since the die can be partially flowed downward with the material, there is an advantage that smooth forging is performed even with a small force during the forging operation.

In addition, in the forging device according to the present invention, the optimum value of the forging extrusion ratio (F / E), the shape ratio (H / D) and the guide ratio (G / H), which is the value of each element for the production of the forging finished product presented by experiment It is. Therefore, when the molded by applying each of these element values, there is an advantage that can easily produce the desired forging finished product.

Claims (5)

A punch formed on the bottom thereof to have a shape corresponding to the appearance of the top surface of the forged finished product, and to move downward to strike the material; A die installed below the punch and having a circular material extrusion hole formed therethrough to support the side of the material, and having an upper end selectively contacting the punch; A pressure plate provided below the die to support the die; A shaping shaft provided inside the pressure plate for forming a groove in the material; And a resilient member provided between the pressure plate and the die to support the die so that the die can move upward and downward. The method of claim 1, wherein the elastic member, Forging device characterized in that the hydraulic means using a compression spring or hydraulic pressure. The outer side of the said shaping | molding shaft is a The forging device, characterized in that the sleeve is further provided to slide up and down along the outer peripheral surface of the molding shaft, the sleeve tube for forcing upward extraction of the forging finished product. According to claim 3, The forged finished product, A head extruded to the side from the cylindrical material, Forging apparatus characterized in that it has a configuration including a lower guide formed by extruding the edge portion of the material to the lower side. The shape ratio (H / D) of claim 4, which is a ratio of the height (H) and the diameter (D) of the material is 1.4 to 1.6, Forging extrusion ratio (F / E) is the ratio of the head height (F) and the width (E) of the lower guide of the forged finished product is 1.5 to 1.7,  The forging device, characterized in that the guide ratio (G / H) is a ratio of the height (G) and the height (H) of the material is accommodated inside the material extrusion hole of the die.

Images