KR20040100410A - Method for creating three-dimensional map from two-dimensional map - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for generating three dimensional map from two dimensional map is provided to realize three dimensional navigation without performing the complex three dimensional modeling process. CONSTITUTION: A method for generating three dimensional map from two dimensional map includes the steps of: inputting(500) a reference coordinate for receiving the coordinate to be the reference of the loading of the map and three dimensional conversion; initializing(510) three dimensional environment to perform the time setting, the writing environment setting, the depth buffer setting and the screen clear in response to the inputted reference coordinate; setting(520) the model matrix to set the coordinate conversion value to change two dimensional map into three dimensional map; loading(530) two dimensional map of the area to generate three dimensional map with reference to the reference coordinate received from the step(500); generating(540) the ground map and three dimensional buildings by using the loaded two dimensional map; and generating three dimensional map based on the coordinate converted value and displaying the generated three dimensional map on the display panel.

Description

Method for creating three-dimensional map from two-dimensional map}

The present invention relates to a method for generating a three-dimensional map from a two-dimensional map that generates a three-dimensional map from a two-dimensional map and displays it on a display panel.

With the development of location-based services, various navigation systems have been developed and marketed to display the current location of certain moving objects including vehicles. These navigation systems typically display a two-dimensional map as shown in FIG. 1 on the screen of the display panel, and display the driving direction of the moving object with an arrow on the two-dimensional map or display the current position of the moving object. It is guiding.

Recently, a lot of expensive 3D navigation systems have been introduced that display 3D maps with virtual 3D effects such as bird's eye view along with the computer's performance, along with the current position of the moving object on the screen of the display panel. However, the three-dimensional map display in these three-dimensional navigation system is only a very rudimentary level of three-dimensional effects due to the burden of a large amount of computation.

That is, 3D navigation systems currently on the market, when displaying a 2D map on the display panel as shown in FIG. After considering the coordinate shift to an accurate 3D visual point, as shown in FIG. 3, simply convert the 2D map to image warping at an angle and display it on the screen of the display panel. It displays two-dimensional building icons and place names on it.

However, the display of the conventional three-dimensional map as described above is a wrong introduction of the effect of the three-dimensional view transformation, there is a problem that adds to the user's confusion rather than when guiding the moving of the moving object through the two-dimensional map.

In addition, until now, the display of a complete 3D map cannot be used for location-based services because there is no 3D model of a Korean map, and the ability of a central processing unit to be mounted on a mobile device is a It could not handle a large amount of computation for display, and three-dimensional maps using general three-dimensional modeling techniques could not be used because the data volume was too large for mobile devices.

Therefore, in order to enable the display of the 3D map for location-based services in the current state, the 3D graphics processing function is possible using the limited performance central processing unit installed in the current mobile device, but is mounted on the mobile device. There is a need to propose a three-dimensional map model with a capacity small enough.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method of generating a 3D map from a 2D map which automatically generates a 3D map using a 2D map and performs 3D navigation from the model without manually modeling a complex 3D map. It is.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of generating a 3D map from a 2D map having a minimum capacity that can be mounted on a mobile device.

The method for generating a three-dimensional map from the two-dimensional map of the present invention having such a purpose automatically receives a longitude and latitude coordinate system used in the two-dimensional map because the three-dimensional map model is automatically generated using the two-dimensional map. Here, the longitude and latitude coordinate system is in degrees, and is a two-dimensional coordinate system of (x, y) that is a horizontal axis and a vertical axis.

The two-dimensional map is a general two-dimensional map data widely used for computational processing using the longitude and latitude coordinates composed of nodes and links of the main terrain, road networks, green spaces, rivers, lakes and major buildings.

The three-dimensional map automatically generated by the present invention is largely composed of a floor map on a three-dimensional space and a three-dimensional structure of a main building built on the floor map. The floor map reads the values of the input coordinates (x, y) and reconstructs them into the form of (x, y, z), which is a three-dimensional coordinate structure. At this time, z is the height value in the 3D map, indicating the floor surface by unifying all values in 0 in 3D space, and this floor surface is all objects except the main buildings such as roads, green areas, rivers and lakes. It is composed.

Three-dimensional solids of the main building are generated from the main building polygons of the two-dimensional map, and are built in the form of planks on the main building polygons in the floor map. At this time, the height value of all buildings shall be uniformly used as one preset integer value.

In addition, in the present invention, since the 3D height value is set to 0 or a simple integer value, the 3D map can be mounted on the mobile device using only the capacity of the memory used to store the coordinate data of the longitude and latitude. That is, the present invention ensures the minimum capacity by extending the two-dimensional map to the simplest three-dimensional map.

In addition, since the present invention automatically generates an image of the 3D map through the above-described process, a manual operation of performing a general 3D map modeling process may be omitted.

According to the method for generating a three-dimensional map from the two-dimensional map of the present invention, the reference coordinate input process for receiving the coordinates to be the basis of the loading of the map and the three-dimensional viewpoint transformation, and the reference coordinates input during the reference coordinate input process Set the 3D environment initialization process for setting the viewpoint, lighting environment setting, depth buffer setting, and clearing the desktop according to the viewpoint, and setting the coordinate conversion value to convert the 2D map to the 3D map after completing the 3D environment initialization process. A model matrix setting process, a map loading process of loading a 2D map of a region to generate a 3D map based on the reference coordinates input in the reference coordinate input process, and a 2D map loaded in the map loading process The 3D modeling process of generating a 3D floor map and a 3D building, and the floor map generated in the 3D modeling process It is characterized in that the projection and rendering process of generating a three-dimensional map by converting according to the coordinate transformation value set in the matrix setting process and displaying on the display panel.

The viewpoint setting in the three-dimensional environment initialization process is set in the moving direction of the moving object at a position of a height preset in the reference coordinates input during the reference coordinate input process.

The model matrix setting process may include: an eleventh process of setting a shift transform value and a scale transform value for converting the constructed three-dimensional coordinate model system into a coordinate system centered on a viewpoint, and a rotation transform value according to rotation of the moving object; After the completion, characterized in that the twelfth process of setting the value for the three-dimensional perspective projection of the viewpoint.

The 3D modeling process may include a twenty-first process of generating a bottom portion of a 3D map and a twenty-second process of modeling a 3D building based on nodes of the respective buildings.

The bottom portion generation of the 3D map of the twenty-first process is performed by giving the z-axis value, which is a height value, to 0 for a structure such as roads, rivers, lakes, and green spaces composed of nodes and links in a 2D map input. It characterized in that the expansion to three-dimensional.

3D building modeling of the twenty-second process. After creating a virtual node at the set height from the position of each node in the building, connect the nodes of the building and the created virtual nodes to create the wall of the 3D building, and connect the virtual nodes to each other to form the roof of the 3D building. It characterized in that to generate.

The projection and rendering process may include the thirty-first process of shifting and transforming the coordinates of the floor map with respect to the viewpoint, scaling, and rotation-converting according to the rotation angle of the moving object, and the viewpoint based on the thirty-first process. The thirty-second process of performing clipping and projection to set the projection area on the map and removing the remaining areas, and the depth buffer of each pixel constituting the scene to determine each map element that is hidden or shown at the viewpoint according to the projection depth. A thirty-third step of determining the color of the final screen pixel by comparing the values; a thirty-fourth step of converting the viewport of the projection area in the thirty-second step to match the size of the display panel; and the final scene determined in the thirty-fourth step And a thirty-fifth step of displaying the on the screen of the display panel.

1 is a view showing a general two-dimensional map.

2 and 3 are views showing a three-dimensional map displayed on the display panel in the conventional three-dimensional navigation system.

Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a three-dimensional navigation system to which the three-dimensional map generation method of the present invention is applied.

5a and 5b is a signal flow diagram showing a method of generating a three-dimensional map of the present invention.

6A to 6C are views illustrating a process of generating a 3D map according to the method of generating a 3D map of the present invention.

7a and 7b are views for explaining the operation of generating a three-dimensional building according to the method of generating a three-dimensional map of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

400: GPS satellite 402: GPS receiver

404: map storage unit 406: command input unit

408: main control unit 410: display drive unit

412: display panel

Hereinafter, a method of generating a 3D map from a 2D map of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings of FIGS. 4 to 7.

Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a three-dimensional navigation system to which the method of generating a three-dimensional map from a two-dimensional map of the present invention. As shown therein, a GPS receiver 402 for receiving location data transmitted by three or more GPS satellites 400, a map storage unit 404 for storing a two-dimensional map in advance, and a command according to a user's operation The command input unit 406 for receiving the 3D map of the specific area according to the movement of the moving object, read from the map storage unit 404 and generate and display the 3D map with the read 2D map while driving path of the moving object. And a display driver 410 for displaying the current position of the moving object and the driving route along with the three-dimensional map on the display panel 412 under the control of the main controller 408. .

In a navigation system having such a configuration, a plurality of GPS satellites 400 transmits position data, and the GPS receiver 402 receives the transmitted position data and inputs the position data to the main controller 408.

The main control unit 408 of the navigation system determines the current position of the moving object based on the position data input from the GPS receiver 402 when the moving object travels, and generates a two-dimensional map of a predetermined area based on the determined current position of the moving object. Read from the map storage unit 404. The main controller 408 generates a 3D map using the read 2D map, outputs the generated 3D map to the display driver 410, and displays the 3D map on the display panel 412. The moving position of the moving object is guided while the current position of the determined moving object is displayed on the displayed three-dimensional map together with an arrow or the like.

Here, the navigation system is described as being fixed to the moving object as an example, and when installed in a mobile device, since the storage capacity of the map storage unit 404 is limited, according to the command of the command input unit 406, to provide a map. It is also possible to access a map providing server and download a two-dimensional map of a predetermined area, for example, Seoul, and store the downloaded two-dimensional map in the map storage unit 404.

5 is a signal flow diagram illustrating an operation in which the main controller 408 generates a 3D map from the 2D map according to the method of generating the 3D map from the 2D map of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 500, the main controller 408 inputs reference coordinates for generating a 3D map. Here, the reference coordinate is inputted as the reference coordinates or the current position of the moving object detected by the received signal of the GPS receiver 402 as a reference coordinates or inputted by the user through the command input unit 406 as reference coordinates.

When the input of the reference coordinate is completed, the main control unit 408 performs the initialization process of the three-dimensional environment for the input reference coordinate in step 510. In the process of initializing the 3D environment in step 510, a viewpoint for generating a 3D map is set in step 511. In the setting of the viewpoint, the moving direction of the moving object is set as a viewpoint at a predetermined height position based on the input reference coordinate. In operation 512, a lighting environment and a depth buffer for the 3D scene to be configured are set, and in operation 513, the screen background color of the display panel 412 to display the 3D map is cleared.

When the initialization process of the three-dimensional environment is completed in step 510, the main controller 408 sets the coordinate transformation values to convert the two-dimensional map into a three-dimensional map by performing a model matrix setting process in step 520. do. In the process of setting the model matrix in step 520, the movement transformation coordinate value is scaled in step 521 to convert each coordinate of the three-dimensional map configured in step 521 into a coordinate system of a viewpoint. And a rotation conversion value according to the rotation angle of the moving object in step 523. In operation 524, transformation values for perspective projection are performed to display the viewpoint-converted three-dimensional map on the display panel 412 which is a two-dimensional plane.

In addition, the main controller 408 performs a two-dimensional map to be converted into a three-dimensional map in step 530 while performing the initialization process of the three-dimensional environment in step 510 and the model matrix setting process in step 520. Is loaded from the map storage unit 404, and is modeled by performing a 3D modeling process on the loaded 2D map in step 540.

That is, the three-dimensional modeling process in the step 540 is the bottom surface to be displayed in three dimensions as shown in Figure 6b, for example, in the two-dimensional map loaded in step 541, for example, as shown in Figure 6a. Generating a Map For example, a floor map is generated by setting lines, such as roads, green areas, rivers, and lakes, and in step 542, a height of a node of each building is set to this height in step 543. Create 3D buildings by modeling each building in.

Here, the modeling of the building is connected to each node 700 of the building of the two-dimensional map as shown in Figure 7a to form a link 702, as shown in Figure 7b location of each node 700 After setting the virtual node 704 at the position of the set height in the node 700 and the virtual node 704 is connected to each of the links 702 to form a wall surface 706, respectively, the virtual node 704 Interconnected to form a roof 708 on top of the wall 704. That is, the coordinates (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) of two nodes 700 forming one side are selected for one polygon representing a building on a two-dimensional map. These two nodes 700 are represented by (x1, y1, 0) and (x2, y2, 0) on the three-dimensional map, respectively. Next, if we determine that the height of the building is k, two new hypotheses of (x1, y1, k) and (x2, y2, k) from the coordinates (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) of the two nodes 700, respectively A node 704 can be created in space, and the polygons connecting the three-dimensional vertices of the two nodes 700 and the two virtual nodes 704 thus stand perpendicular to the floor map to form a portion of the building. The wall 706 is formed, and the above operation is repeated for each node 700 of the building to generate all the wall surfaces 706 corresponding to each link, and then connect the virtual nodes 704 having the height k. To create a roof 708 and complete modeling the three-dimensional building.

When the modeling of the three-dimensional building is completed, in step 544, the trajectory of the driving information of the moving object is displayed by an arrow or a dotted line.

When the model matrix setting process of step 520 and the 3D modeling process of step 540 are completed in this way, the main controller 408 displays the floor map on which the 3D modeling process is completed in step 540. The projection and rendering process of the step 550 of converting according to the coordinate transformation value set in the model matrix setting process of 520 is performed.

In the step 550, the projection and rendering process may be performed by converting each coordinate of the floor map into coordinates based on a viewpoint which is the origin coordinate, and performing scaling in step 552 to display the screen. In step 553, the 3D map is rotated according to the rotation angle of the moving object. In the next step 554, the projection area to be displayed on the screen of the display panel 412 is set, the remaining areas are clipped and removed, the projection is performed in step 555, and then in step 556 according to the projection depth. To determine each map component that is hidden or shown at the viewpoint, the values of the depth buffers are compared, and rendering is performed to determine the color of each pixel of the screen to be output to the actual final scene. In this way, the viewport transformation is performed on the rendered scene in step 557 to match the set projection area with the screen size of the display panel 412, and is output to the display driver 410 in step 558 for display. Displayed on panel 412 as shown in FIG. 6C.

On the other hand, while the present invention has been shown and described with respect to specific preferred embodiments, various modifications and changes of the present invention without departing from the spirit or field of the invention provided by the claims below It can be easily understood by those skilled in the art.

As described above, the present invention can implement three-dimensional navigation without performing a complicated three-dimensional modeling process by hand, and three-dimensional navigation can be realized by using only a memory capacity of a two-dimensional map. It can be effectively used for mobile devices of location-based systems.

In addition, the present invention proposes a method of producing a three-dimensional map of Korea that does not currently exist using a two-dimensional map.

Claims (7)

A reference coordinate input process for receiving coordinates to be used as a reference for loading a map and converting a 3D viewpoint; A three-dimensional environment initialization process of performing a viewpoint setting, a lighting environment setting, a depth buffer setting, and a background clearing according to the reference coordinates input in the reference coordinate input process; A model matrix setting process of setting coordinate transformation values for converting a 2D map to a 3D map after completing the 3D environment initialization process; A map loading process of loading a two-dimensional map of an area in which a three-dimensional map is to be generated based on the reference coordinate received in the reference coordinate input process; A three-dimensional modeling process of generating a three-dimensional floor map and a three-dimensional building with the two-dimensional map loaded in the map loading process; And 3D from a 2D map consisting of a projection and a rendering process of converting the floor map generated in the 3D modeling process according to the coordinate transformation value set in the model matrix setting process and generating a 3D map and displaying it on the display panel. How to create a map. The method of claim 1, wherein the viewpoint setting in the three-dimensional environment initialization process is performed; Method of generating a three-dimensional map from a two-dimensional map, characterized in that the moving direction of the moving object is set at a position of a predetermined height from the reference coordinate received in the reference coordinate input process The method of claim 1, wherein the setting of the model matrix comprises; An eleventh step of setting a movement transformation value, a scale transformation value, and a rotation transformation value according to the rotation of the moving object for converting the constructed three-dimensional model coordinate system into the coordinate system of the viewpoint center; And And a twelfth step of setting a value for a three-dimensional perspective projection based on a viewpoint based on the completion of the eleventh step. The method of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional modeling process; A twenty-first step of generating a bottom portion of the three-dimensional map; And a twenty-second process of modeling a three-dimensional building based on a node of each building. The method of claim 4, wherein the bottom portion of the twenty-first process is generated; In the 2D map input, the z-axis value, which is the height value, is 0 for the structures of roads, rivers, lakes, and green spaces consisting of nodes and links, and the data structure is expanded in three dimensions. How to create a dimension map. The method of claim 4, wherein the three-dimensional building modeling of the twenty-second process; After creating a virtual node at the set height from the position of each node in the building, connect the nodes of the building and the created virtual nodes to create the wall of the 3D building, and connect the virtual nodes to each other to form the roof of the 3D building. Method of generating a three-dimensional map from a two-dimensional map, characterized in that for generating a. The method of claim 1, wherein the projection and rendering process; A thirty-first step of translating the coordinates of the floor map with respect to the viewpoint, scaling and rotating the coordinates according to the rotation angle of the moving object; A thirty-second step of setting a projection area on the map of the viewpoint based on the thirty-first step and performing clipping and projection to remove the remaining areas; A thirty-third step of determining a color of a final screen pixel by comparing a depth buffer value of each pixel constituting the scene to determine respective map elements that are hidden or viewed at the viewpoint according to the projection depth; A thirty-fourth step of converting the viewport of the projection area in step 32 to match the size of the display panel; And And a 35th process of displaying the final scene determined in the 34th process on the screen of the display panel.