KR20040038567A - Heat pump system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A heat pump system is provided to form a single cycle of high-pressure refrigerant and low-pressure refrigerant by controlling the non-azeotropes of the high-pressure refrigerant and the low-pressure refrigerant. CONSTITUTION: A refrigerant control device stores refrigerant gas, liquid refrigerant or mixed gas by flowing, cooling and classifying from a condenser(2), an evaporator(3) or a liquid refrigerant pipe to a refrigerant controller(6). A heat exchange unit cools the refrigerant inside the refrigerant controller by selectively flowing the low-pressure refrigerant or the high-pressure refrigerant to an expansion valve(4) and a heat exchanger(8) through a refrigerant control valve(31) selectively. Thereby, the efficiency is improved and the power consumption is reduced though the evaporating pressure of a heat pump is reduced and the condensing pressure is raised.

Description

Heat pump system

The present invention uses azeotropic (different evaporation temperature) mixed refrigerant of the high pressure refrigerant and low pressure refrigerant to improve performance and reduce the power consumption of the compressor even when the evaporation pressure of the heat pump is lowered and the condensation pressure is increased. In order to prevent cooling and heating deterioration when the outside air temperature decreases and the outside air temperature rises in the summer, the optimum control of the refrigerant flow rate during operation ensures the optimal control of the rise of the condensation pressure and the superheat of the refrigerant vapor at the compressor inlet. By selectively adjusting the mixed refrigerant to improve the performance and to prevent the burner of the compressor.

Patent Publication No. 2001-0052480 discloses a conventional heat pump that uses a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant to change the refrigerant composition flowing through the main circuit of the heat pump to change its capacity. Hereinafter, a conventional heat pump system will be described with reference to the drawings.

3 is a system configuration diagram showing a refrigeration cycle in the conventional heat pump apparatus disclosed in the above publication.

In Fig. 3, a conventional azeotropic mixed refrigerant is sealed in the conventional heat pump apparatus, and the compressor 110, the four-way valve 113, the outdoor heat exchanger 1111, the main expansion device 114, and the indoor heat exchanger 112 are shown. ) Is connected in a loop to form the main circuit of the refrigeration cycle.

A pipe for bypassing the main expansion device 114 is provided in the heat pump device, and the secondary expansion device 115 and the secondary expansion device 117 are connected in series on the piping. The bottom of the rectifier separator 117 is connected to a pipe connecting the sub-expansion device 115 and the sub-expansion device 116 via an open / close valve 120.

The rectifier separator 117 is composed of a straight tube extending in the vertical direction, and the apex portion of the rectifier separator 117 communicates with the apex portion of the reservoir 118 through the cooler 130. The reservoir 118 is connected in a ring shape and a closed circuit is formed.

The reservoir 118 is arranged such that its apex is higher than the apex of the rectifier separator 117. In addition, the cooler 130 is disposed to be at a position higher than the apex portion of the reservoir 118.

In the cooler 130 is configured to indirectly heat exchange between the refrigerant from the bottom of the rectifier 117 to the suction pipe of the compressor 110 from the bottom of the rectifier 117 to the suction pipe of the compressor 110. It is.

By opening and closing the opening and closing valve 120 according to the load conditions, the liquid refrigerant and mixed (gas + liquid) flows into the rectifier classifier 117 to introduce the mixed refrigerant (high pressure refrigerant + low pressure refrigerant) and low pressure refrigerant into the low pressure portion. .

However, in the conventional heat pump apparatus, the low pressure refrigerant (high boiling point) and the high pressure refrigerant (low boiling point) are classified in the rectifier classifier 117, but the inflow of the high pressure refrigerant and the low pressure refrigerant alone is not possible, so that the mixing ratio of the refrigerant ( The control width of the high pressure refrigerant + low pressure refrigerant) is small, the control width of the heating and cooling capacity is small, there is a problem in the high pressure rise of the condenser 112 in the summer, the single refrigerant operation by the classification of non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant is impossible , The reservoir 118 must be located above the apex of the rectifier 117, the cooler 130 must be located above the reservoir 118, so that the height of the device is increased, the expansion of the expansion (115, 116, 119) ) There are so many devices that there is a problem of cycle balance during load fluctuations and outside temperature fluctuations, and only the low pressure refrigerant (high boiling point refrigerant) in the lower part of the rectifier 117 is introduced into the cooler 130, thereby removing the low pressure refrigerant from the cycle. Since it is impossible to reduce the outside air temperature, there is a disadvantage in that a rapid decrease in heating capacity is caused by a decrease in the amount of refrigerant circulating due to an increase in the specific volume of the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor 110.

The purpose of the present invention is to adjust the azeotropic ratio (different evaporation temperature) mixed refrigerant composition of the high pressure refrigerant and low pressure refrigerant) to improve the performance and reduce the power consumption of the compressor even when the evaporation pressure of the heat pump is lowered and the condensation pressure is increased It is an object of the present invention to supply a high pressure refrigerant and a low pressure refrigerant to the main circuit selectively (0 to 100%) to form a single cycle of the high pressure refrigerant and the low pressure refrigerant.

In addition, the cooling capacity and heating capacity are prevented from being lowered in winter when the outside air temperature is lowered and the temperature of the outside air is increased in summer, and optimum control of the refrigerant flow rate and the refrigerant composition ratio during operation increases the condensation pressure and the superheat of the refrigerant vapor at the inlet of the compressor. It is to provide a heat pump system with a heat exchanger to prevent the compressor from overloading to improve the performance and to prevent the burner of the compressor, and to smoothly introduce the refrigerant to the refrigerant control device.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a heat pump system according to the present invention when heating

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the heat pump system according to the present invention, the cooling time

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional refrigerant control heat pump system

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1-compressor 2-condenser

3-evaporator 4-expansion valve

5-Four sides 6-Refrigerant controller

7-expansion valve

In order to achieve the above object, a refrigeration system according to the present invention, a compressor for compressing and discharging the refrigerant gas at a high temperature and high pressure state, a condenser for condensing the refrigerant compressed by the compressor in the liquid phase, the high temperature condensed in the condenser An expansion valve for expanding a high pressure liquid refrigerant to a low pressure liquid refrigerant, and evaporating while achieving a refrigerating effect by heat exchange with the object to be cooled using evaporative latent heat of the refrigerant while evaporating the refrigerant expanded in the expansion valve. A refrigeration system comprising an evaporator for returning a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant gas to a compressor,

In the condenser or evaporator or the liquid refrigerant pipe, the refrigerant gas or liquid refrigerant or mixed gas (gas phase + liquid phase) is introduced into the refrigerant control device and cooled, and the low pressure refrigerant and the high pressure refrigerant are classified and stored, and if necessary, the inflow to the low pressure side is controlled. A refrigerant control device unit;

A high pressure refrigerant (upper side) or a low pressure refrigerant (lower side) of the refrigerant control device is characterized by a heat exchanger for cooling the refrigerant in the refrigerant control device by introducing the heat exchanger through each of the refrigerant control valve and the expansion valve.

The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of the preferred embodiments based on the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, terms or words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as being limited to the common or dictionary meanings, and the inventors may properly interpret the concept of terms in order to best explain their own invention. Based on the principle that can be defined, it should be interpreted as meaning and concept corresponding to the technical idea of the present invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a heat pump according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a system diagram during heating, in which a chamber is a condenser 2 and a chamber is an evaporator 3.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a compressor, which is used to inhale refrigerant gas, compress it at high temperature and high pressure, and discharge it, and various forms such as reciprocating type, crank type, swash plate type, wobble plate type, rotary type, and scroll type depending on the purpose of use. Compressor can be applied.

The discharge line of the compressor (1) is connected to the condenser (2), the condenser (2) is condensed into a liquid refrigerant of high temperature and high pressure by dissipating the refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor (1). Although not shown in detail here, the condenser 2 includes a plurality of tubes forming a predetermined flow path by connecting an inlet header, an outlet header, and an inlet / outlet header to communicate with each other, and between the tubes. Any of the conventional forms with corrugated heat transfer fins can be applied. Therefore, the air blown by the cooling fan passes through the heat transfer fins between the tubes, and in this process, the refrigerant flowing in the condenser 2 is deprived of heat to the air blower to perform the condensation of the refrigerant.

On the other hand, the inlet line side of the compressor (1) by evaporating the refrigerant flowing from the expansion valve (4) to be described later by using the latent heat of evaporation at this time evaporator to heat exchange the object to be cooled and the refrigerant to achieve a freezing effect ( 3) is connected. The evaporator 3 includes a plurality of tubes forming a predetermined flow path by connecting an inlet header and an outlet header and the inlet / outlet headers so as to communicate with each other, and a corgate heat transfer fin stacked between the tubes. With conventional forms may be applied. Therefore, the air blown by the cooling fan passes through the heat transfer fins between the tubes, and in this process, the refrigerant flowing in the evaporator 3 takes the temperature (heat amount) of the blowing air, and thus the refrigerant evaporates.

In addition, an expansion valve 4 for supplying the liquid refrigerant in the high temperature and high pressure state supplied to the evaporator 3 so as to easily evaporate by expanding the liquid refrigerant in the high temperature and high pressure state supplied by the throttling action at the inlet end of the evaporator 3. Is installed. Although not shown in detail, the expansion valve (4) has an internal pressure equalizing, capillary tube for controlling the trajectory of the high-pressure refrigerant flow path through the pressure transfer rod by the expansion displacement of the diaphragm according to the temperature inside the thermostat chamber. The thermostatic expansion valve, generally called TEV, can be used in various forms, such as external pressure regulation to control the trajectory of the high-pressure refrigerant flow path by the expansion displacement of the diaphragm.

The flow of the refrigerant according to FIG. 1 is compressed into a refrigerant gas of high temperature and high pressure in the compressor 1, and is decompressed through the expansion valve 5 after the heat exchange in the condenser 2 through the four sides 5 and converting from the gas phase into the liquid phase. It passes through the evaporator (3), passes through the four sides (5) and enters the suction part of the compressor (1).

In addition, the refrigerant control device 6 is connected to a circuit including the refrigerant control valve 31 in the connection pipe of the refrigerant control device 6 among the liquid refrigerant pipes between the condenser 2 and the evaporator 3, and controls the refrigerant. The lower part of the device 6 and the suction part of the compressor 1 and the circuit including the control valve 33 in the connecting pipe, and the upper part of the evaporator 3 and the refrigerant control device 6 are connected to the refrigerant control valve in the connecting pipe ( 35 is connected to a circuit including the refrigerant control device 6 and the compressor 1, and the suction side of the refrigerant control device 6 and the compressor 1 are connected to a circuit including the refrigerant control valve 36 in the connecting pipe. The upper portion is connected to a circuit including refrigerant control valves 30 and 32 in a pipe connecting the heat exchanger 8 and the expansion valve 7 to the.

In addition, the heat exchanger 8 is attached to the inside or outside of the refrigerant control device 6, and the low pressure refrigerant and the high pressure refrigerant in the lower and upper portions of the refrigerant control device 6 are the refrigerant control valve 30 or the refrigerant control. When the side 32 is opened, the pressure is reduced in the expansion valve 7 and the heat exchanger 8 converts the liquid state into a gaseous state after the heat exchange with the refrigerant inside the refrigerant control device 6 and flows into the low pressure side.

First, when the outside air temperature decreases, when the evaporation pressure of the evaporator 3 decreases the specific volume of the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant and decreases the amount of refrigerant circulation, the heating capacity of the indoor condenser 2 decreases. Detecting the decrease in air temperature, the refrigerant control valve 32 is opened to depressurize the high-pressure refrigerant liquid through the expansion valve 7 to cool the refrigerant inside the refrigerant control device 6 with the heat exchanger 8, and the refrigerant evaporates. Flows into the low pressure side.

At this time, the refrigerant control valve 31 is opened to introduce the liquid refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 2 into the refrigerant control device 6, and the refrigerant (liquid or gaseous phase) introduced into the refrigerant control device 6 is transferred to the heat exchanger 8. Cooling and depressurization by) causes separation of the upper and lower sides due to the difference in density, and is stored.

At the same time, the refrigerant control valve 35 or the refrigerant control valve 36 is opened to open the high pressure refrigerant to the low pressure side, thereby increasing the amount of refrigerant circulating and the heating capacity by the small specific volume of refrigerant vapor. Bring.

At this time, the pressure inside the refrigerant control device 6 adjusts the expansion valve 7 to be controlled by the intermediate pressure between the high pressure portion and the low pressure portion.

Next, when the outside air temperature rises, the evaporation pressure of the evaporator 3 rises, the specific volume of the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor 1 decreases, and the load of the compressor 1 increases due to the increase of the refrigerant circulation, and the indoor condenser ( When the heating capacity of 2) increases, the room temperature sensor 57 detects the increase in the discharged air temperature, opens the refrigerant control valve 30, and decompresses the low pressure refrigerant liquid through the expansion valve 7 to heat the exchanger 8. The refrigerant inside the furnace control device 6 is cooled and evaporated to flow into the low pressure side.

At this time, the refrigerant control valve 31 is opened to introduce the liquid refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 2 into the refrigerant control device 6, and the refrigerant introduced into the refrigerant control device 6 is stored in the refrigerant control device 6. Cooled and sorted by the heat exchanger 8 and stored inside the refrigerant control device 6.

At the same time, the refrigerant control valve 33 is opened to assist the low pressure refrigerant to flow into the low pressure side, thereby increasing the specific volume of the refrigerant vapor, thereby reducing the amount of refrigerant circulation, reducing the heating capacity and increasing the load on the compressor 1. Decreases.

In addition, when the discharge refrigerant gas temperature rises at the outlet of the compressor 1 or the superheat degree of the intake refrigerant gas of the compressor 1 rises, the refrigerant control valve 33 or the refrigerant control valve 30 is opened to open the refrigerant. The internal low pressure refrigerant of the control device 6 flows into the inlet side of the compressor 1.

Therefore, when using a specific azeotropy (a refrigerant having different evaporation and condensation temperatures) mixed refrigerant, the specific volume of the refrigerant refrigerant intake of the compressor (1) is increased due to the evaporation temperature and the pressure drop in the evaporator (3) due to the decrease in the outside air temperature in winter, and thus the rapid cooling ability. And cooling and classifying the azeotropic mixed refrigerant by the refrigerant control device 6 when the heating capacity decreases, thereby allowing the high pressure refrigerant and the mixed refrigerant to circulate the freezing cycle, thereby improving the cooling and heating capability.

2 is a cooling diagram of the present invention, wherein the evaporator 3 is used as a condenser, the condenser 2 is used as an evaporator, and the connection of the four sides 5 is connected to the discharge line of the compressor 1. The condenser 2 is connected to the inlet side of the compressor 1. The cooling cycle is a low pressure refrigerant-oriented cycle among the azeotropic mixed refrigerants.

When the outside air temperature rises or the indoor load increases, the condenser pressure of the condenser 3, which is an outdoor unit, increases, and the refrigerant control valve 30 is opened by the operation of the pressure sensor 63 to depressurize the low pressure refrigerant liquid through the expansion valve 7. The heat exchanger 8 cools and evaporates the refrigerant inside the refrigerant control device 6 and flows to the low pressure side.

In addition, the refrigerant control valves 31 and 35 are opened to allow the liquid refrigerant or the refrigerant gas to flow into the refrigerant control device 6 to cool, depressurize, and classify and store the refrigerant. The auxiliary refrigerant control valve 33 is opened. Low pressure refrigerant is introduced to the low pressure side.

At this time, the pressure inside the refrigerant control device 6 adjusts the expansion valve 7 to be controlled by the intermediate pressure between the high pressure portion and the low pressure portion.

Meanwhile, the refrigerant inside the refrigerant device 6 is cooled and classified (the high pressure refrigerant is the upper portion, the low pressure refrigerant is the lower portion), and the stored refrigerant is the refrigerant control valve 33 and the refrigerant control connected to the lower side of the refrigerant control apparatus 6. Only the low pressure refrigerant is sucked into the low pressure portion through the valve 30 to lower the pressure of the condenser 3 by reducing the amount of refrigerant circulating and the amount of heat of condensation by the large specific volume of refrigerant vapor.

Therefore, when a non-azeotropic (coolant having different evaporation and condensation temperatures) mixed refrigerants is used, the low pressure refrigerant flows into the cooling cycle by the refrigerant control device 6 when the condenser pressure rises in the condenser 3 when the outside air temperature rises during the summer, resulting in excessive condensation pressure. Prevent rise.

In the present invention, the refrigerant control device 6 may be attached to an outdoor unit or an indoor unit, and when the indoor unit is attached, the control valve 35 may be installed in the condenser 2 of the indoor unit.

In addition, the shape of the heat exchanger of the condenser (2) and the evaporator (3) may be used such as plate, shell and tube or cross fin and tube, in this case connection pipe Is changed to the top or bottom, azeotropic mixed refrigerant or a single refrigerant can be used. In the case of using a single refrigerant, the optimum refrigerant circulation amount control and the superheat degree of the inlet refrigerant of the compressor 1 are controlled.

In addition, in the form of the heat exchange unit 8, the refrigerant control device 6 in the form of a tube (tube) or fin tube (plate) or plate (shell) and tube (shell and tube) form, etc. It is also possible to be integrated or separated in the interior or exterior of the expansion valve 7, the expansion valve 7 consists of a capillary or temperature expansion valve or electronic expansion.

As will be apparent from the above description, the present invention improves performance even when the evaporation pressure decreases and the condensation pressure of the heat pump is increased by using azeotropic (different evaporation temperature and condensation temperature) mixed refrigerant of the high pressure refrigerant and the low pressure refrigerant. It can reduce the power required of the compressor, prevent the decrease of cooling capacity and heating capacity when the outside air temperature decreases in winter and when the outside air temperature rises in summer, and the condensation pressure rises and the refrigerant at the compressor inlet by the optimum control of the refrigerant flow rate during operation. This device is designed to optimally control the degree of superheat of steam to prevent overloading of the compressor to improve performance and to prevent damage to the compressor.It is attached to existing refrigerators, air conditioners, heat pumps, etc. to improve performance and reduce power energy. It can work.

Claims (7)

A compressor for compressing and discharging the refrigerant gas at a high temperature condition, a condenser for condensing the refrigerant compressed in the compressor into a liquid phase, and an expansion for expanding the high temperature and high pressure liquid refrigerant condensed in the condenser into a low pressure liquid refrigerant A valve and an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant gas of low temperature and low pressure to return to the compressor while achieving a refrigeration effect by heat exchange with the object to be cooled using the latent heat of evaporation while evaporating the refrigerant expanded by the expansion valve. In a heat pump system made of, In the condenser or evaporator or liquid refrigerant pipe, the refrigerant gas or liquid refrigerant or mixed gas (gas phase + liquid phase) is introduced into the refrigerant control device, cooled and classified (low pressure refrigerant and high pressure refrigerant), and if necessary, flows into the low pressure side. Refrigerant control unit for controlling; And a heat exchanger configured to selectively introduce a lower (low pressure refrigerant) or upper (high pressure refrigerant) refrigerant into the expansion valve and the heat exchanger through the refrigerant control valve to cool the refrigerant in the refrigerant control device. The refrigerant control device of claim 1, wherein the refrigerant control device is connected to a circuit including a refrigerant control valve in a connection pipe of the refrigerant control device among the liquid refrigerant pipes between the condenser and the evaporator, and connects the lower portion of the refrigerant control device to the suction pipe of the compressor. It is connected to the circuit including the control valve in the piping, the upper part of the evaporator (outdoor unit) and the refrigerant control device is connected to the circuit including the refrigerant control valve in the connecting pipe, The upper or center portion of the refrigerant control device and the suction side of the compressor are connected to a circuit including a refrigerant control valve in a connecting pipe, and the lower and upper portions of the refrigerant control device include a circuit including a refrigerant control valve in a pipe connecting the expansion valve and the heat exchanger, respectively. And a heat exchanger is attached to the inside or outside of the refrigerant control device. The liquid crystal piping between the condenser and the evaporator, the connection circuit of the refrigerant control device, the connection circuit of the evaporator (outdoor unit) and the upper part of the refrigerant control device, the piping circuit, the lower and upper portions of the refrigerant control device and the expansion valve and the heat exchanger are connected. On the basis of the circuit, additionally, a connecting circuit between the lower part of the refrigerant control device and the suction pipe of the compressor, and an additional connecting circuit circuit is selectively attached between the upper or center part of the refrigerant control device and the suction side of the compressor. Heat pump system. According to claim 2, wherein the liquid refrigerant pipe between the condenser and the evaporator and the connection circuit of the refrigerant control device, the piping circuit connecting the upper part of the evaporator (outdoor air) and the refrigerant control device, the lower circuit of the refrigerant control device and the expansion valve and the heat exchanger connection circuit On the basis of the heat pump, the heat pump optionally further includes a connection circuit between the lower part of the refrigerant control device and the suction pipe of the compressor, and a connecting pipe circuit selectively between the upper or center portion of the refrigerant control device and the suction side of the compressor. system. According to claim 2, wherein the liquid refrigerant pipe between the condenser and the evaporator and the connection circuit of the refrigerant control device, the piping circuit connecting the upper part of the evaporator (outdoor unit) and the refrigerant control device, the upper circuit of the refrigerant control device and the expansion valve and the heat exchanger connection circuit On the basis of the heat pump, the heat pump optionally further includes a connection circuit between the lower part of the refrigerant control device and the suction pipe of the compressor, and a connecting pipe circuit selectively between the upper or center portion of the refrigerant control device and the suction side of the compressor. system. According to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger of the heat exchange unit in the form of a tube type (tube type) or fin tube (fin tube) or plate (plate type) or shell and tube (shell and tube) type, etc. Attached to the inside or outside of, the expansion valve is characterized in that the heat pump system consisting of a capillary or temperature expansion valve or electronic expansion. The heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant control device is attached to an indoor unit or an outdoor unit.