KR20040015928A - Photocatalyst-membrane hybrid systems for water treatment - Google Patents
Photocatalyst-membrane hybrid systems for water treatment Download PDFInfo
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- KR20040015928A KR20040015928A KR1020020048093A KR20020048093A KR20040015928A KR 20040015928 A KR20040015928 A KR 20040015928A KR 1020020048093 A KR1020020048093 A KR 1020020048093A KR 20020048093 A KR20020048093 A KR 20020048093A KR 20040015928 A KR20040015928 A KR 20040015928A
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- photocatalyst
- membrane
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- water treatment
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 WO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 4
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009285 membrane fouling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/42—Liquid level
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 수처리 반응기에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 정수 및 폐수처리에 있어서 부유상태의 광촉매와 광조사를 통해 폐수 내의 오염물질을 효과적으로 분해 제거할 수 있는 광촉매 수처리 반응기에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a water treatment reactor, and more particularly, to a photocatalytic water treatment reactor capable of effectively decomposing and removing contaminants in wastewater through suspended photocatalyst and light irradiation in water and wastewater treatment.
일반적으로 광촉매(photocatalyst)라 함은 촉매가 빛을 받으면 활성화되는 것을 말한다.In general, the photocatalyst is activated when the catalyst receives light.
즉 촉매에 빛을 조사하면 촉매가 빛 에너지를 받아 촉매 내부에서 전자들의이동이 일어나고, 이동된 전자들이 강력한 화학작용(산화,환원)을 일으킨다. 이때 전자들의 강력한 화학작용은 오염된 물질을 산화하여 H2O, CO2등의 무해한 물질로 변화시켜 주는 과정을 말한다.That is, when light is irradiated to the catalyst, the catalyst receives light energy, causing electrons to move inside the catalyst, and the moved electrons cause a strong chemical reaction (oxidation and reduction). At this time, the strong chemistry of the electrons refers to a process of oxidizing the contaminated material and converting it into a harmless material such as H 2 O and CO 2 .
광촉매의 응용분야는 항균, 자정(自淨), 오염정화, 의료분야 등으로 다양하며, 특히 산업화와 함께 수질 환경에 대한 오염이 가속화되면서 광촉매를 이용한 수질 환경 개선에 대한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있다.Application fields of photocatalysts are various, such as antibacterial, self-cleaning, pollution purification, and medical fields. Especially, as the pollution of the water environment is accelerated along with industrialization, research on improving the water quality using photocatalysts is being actively conducted.
폐수 중에 포함되어 있는 유해물질을 분해, 제거하는 데에 사용되는 광촉매로는 TiO2, WO3, ZnO, SiC, CdS 등이 있으며, 이 중 가장 널리 사용되는 것은 TiO2(이산화티타늄)이다.Photocatalysts used to decompose and remove harmful substances contained in wastewater include TiO 2 , WO 3 , ZnO, SiC, CdS, and the most widely used are TiO 2 (titanium dioxide).
광촉매를 이용한 광분해는 오염물질의 제거에 효과적이지만 사용된 광촉매의 분리회수가 실제 적용상의 문제점으로 지적되고 있는 바, 중력을 이용한 침강으로 광촉매를 분리회수하는 방법이 있으나 실제 공정으로 적용하는데 한계가 있다.Photocatalytic photocatalyst is effective to remove contaminants, but the separation recovery of used photocatalyst has been pointed out as a practical application problem. .
이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 광촉매의 고정화에 관한 연구가 활발하게 진행되어 왔으나, 고정화된 광촉매가 표면에서 탈리되는 현상과 고정화로 인한 광접촉 표면적 감소 등의 문제점이 대두됨에 따라 부유상태의 광촉매를 분리막을 이용하여 분리하기 위한 연구가 또한 진행되고 있다.In order to solve this problem, studies on immobilization of photocatalysts have been actively conducted. However, problems such as detachment of the immobilized photocatalyst from the surface and reduction of optical contact surface area due to immobilization have emerged. Research is also underway to separate using.
그러한 연구의 결과로 광촉매 반응 후 광촉매와 처리수의 혼합액을 광반응기 외부에 설치된 분리막을 이용하여 분리하는 형태의 수처리 장치가 보고되었으나, 이 공정에 의할 경우 혼합액의 순환 및 여과를 위한 에너지 비용이 커서 경제성의측면을 고려하면 실제 적용이 어렵게 되는 문제점이 있다.As a result of such a study, a water treatment apparatus has been reported that separates a mixture of photocatalyst and treated water after a photocatalytic reaction by using a membrane installed outside the photoreactor. However, the energy cost for circulating and filtration of the mixed liquid has been reported. Considering the economical aspects of the cursor, there is a problem that the practical application is difficult.
본 발명은 상기한 바와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 창안된 것으로, 그 목적은 분리막을 광촉매 반응조의 내부에 광조사 램프와 함께 구비하여 운전함으로써, 반응조 내로 유입되는 유입수로부터 오염물질을 분리할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 반응한 광촉매를 반응조 내에서 효과적으로 분리하여 시스템의 경제성 및 실용성을 높일 수 있는 광촉매-분리막 혼성 수처리 반응기를 제공하는 것이다.The present invention was devised to solve the above problems, and its object is to provide a separation membrane with a light irradiation lamp inside the photocatalytic reactor to operate, to separate the contaminants from the influent water flowing into the reactor. Rather, to provide a photocatalyst-membrane hybrid water treatment reactor that can effectively separate the reaction photocatalyst in the reaction tank to increase the economics and practicality of the system.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 광촉매-분리막 혼성 수처리 반응기를 개략적으로 도시한 구성도이다.1 is a schematic view showing a photocatalyst-membrane hybrid water treatment reactor according to the present invention.
*도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명** Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings *
12: 유입 펌프14: 광조사 램프12: inflow pump 14: light irradiation lamp
16: 산기장치 18: 분리막 모듈16: diffuser 18: membrane module
20: 반응조21: 흡입 펌프20: reactor 21: suction pump
상기의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은, 외부로부터 유입수가 유입되는 반응조와; 상기 반응조 내의 수위를 일정하게 유지할 수 있도록 유입량을 조절하면서 유입수를 유입하는 유입 펌프와; 상기 반응조 내에 설치되어 광촉매와 혼합된 유입수에 빛을 조사(照射)하기 위한 광조사 램프와; 상기 반응조 내에 설치되어 반응된 유입수로부터 광촉매를 분리해 내기 위한 분리막 모듈과; 상기 반응조 내에 설치되어 광산화 과정에서 필요한 산소를 상기 반응조 내로 공급하고 상기 분리막 모듈을 세정하기 위한 산기(散氣)장치; 및 상기 반응조 내의 분리막 모듈에서 광촉매를 분리한 후의 유출수를 외부로 배출하기 위한 흡입 펌프를 포함하는 광촉매-분리막 혼성 수처리 반응기를 제공한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, the inflow water from the reaction vessel; An inflow pump for introducing the inflow water while adjusting the inflow amount so as to maintain the water level in the reactor constant; A light irradiation lamp installed in the reactor for irradiating light to the influent water mixed with the photocatalyst; A membrane module installed in the reactor to separate the photocatalyst from the reacted influent; An diffuser device installed in the reactor to supply oxygen necessary for the photooxidation process into the reactor and to clean the membrane module; And a suction pump for discharging the effluent after separating the photocatalyst from the membrane module in the reactor to the outside.
상기 광촉매로는 분말형 광촉매가 사용되며, 이러한 분말형 광촉매는 TiO2, WO3, ZnO 중에서 어느 하나를 선택적으로 사용할 수 있다.As the photocatalyst, a powdered photocatalyst is used, and the powdered photocatalyst may selectively use any one of TiO 2 , WO 3 , and ZnO.
상기 광조사 램프로 200 내지 400㎚의 범위에 속하는 파장을 갖는 자외선을 조사할 수 있는 UV(Ultra Violet) 램프가 사용될 수 있다.Ultraviolet (UV) lamps capable of irradiating ultraviolet rays having a wavelength in the range of 200 to 400 nm may be used as the light irradiation lamp.
특히, 상기 UV 램프로 254㎚에서 주파장의 빛을 내는 살균램프나 360㎚에서 주파장의 빛을 내는 흑광(black light) 램프가 사용될 수 있다.In particular, the UV lamp may be used as a sterile lamp that emits dominant wavelength at 254 nm or a black light lamp that emits dominant wavelength at 360 nm.
한편, 상기 분리막 모듈로 정밀여과막, 한외여과막, 나노여과막, 역삼투막 중 어느 하나를 선택하여 사용할 수 있으며, 그 형태는 중공사형, 관형, 평판형, 나권형, 회전원판형, 회전원통형 중 어느 하나가 될 수 있다.On the other hand, the separation membrane module can be used to select any one of the microfiltration membrane, ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, the form of which is any one of hollow fiber type, tubular type, flat plate type, spiral wound type, rotary disk type, rotary cylinder type Can be.
이하, 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명을 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 광촉매-분리막 혼성 수처리 반응기를 개략적으로 도시한 구성도이다.1 is a schematic view showing a photocatalyst-membrane hybrid water treatment reactor according to the present invention.
도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 수처리 반응기는 크게 유입수와 광촉매가 섞여 광촉매 반응이 일어나는 반응조(20)와, 이 반응조(20) 내로 유입수를 유입시키는 유입 펌프(12) 및 상기 반응조(20)로부터 유출수를 배출하기 위한 흡입 펌프(21)로 이루어진다.As shown in FIG. 1, the water treatment reactor according to the present invention includes a reaction tank 20 in which a large amount of influent water and a photocatalyst are mixed to generate a photocatalytic reaction, an inflow pump 12 for introducing the influent into the reactor 20, and the reaction tank ( A suction pump 21 for discharging the effluent from 20).
상기 유입 펌프(12)는 상기 반응조(20) 내의 수위를 일정하게 유지할 수 있도록 유입량을 조절하면서 유입수를 유입하는 바, 상기 흡입 펌프(21)의 작동으로 유출수가 배출되면 반응조(20)의 수위를 유지하도록 자동적으로 조절된다.The inflow pump 12 introduces inflow water while adjusting the inflow amount so as to maintain the water level in the reaction tank 20 constantly. When the outflow water is discharged by the operation of the suction pump 21, the inflow water level of the reaction tank 20 is increased. It is automatically adjusted to maintain.
상기 반응조(20) 내에는 빛을 조사(照射)하기 위한 광조사 램프(14)와 반응된 유입수로부터 광촉매를 분리해 내기 위한 분리막 모듈(18)이 함께 설치된다.In the reactor 20, a membrane module 18 for separating the photocatalyst from the influent water and the light irradiation lamp 14 for irradiating light is installed together.
상기 광조사 램프(14)는 파장이 200~400㎚의 범위에 속하는 자외선을 조사할수 있는 UV 램프가 사용될 수 있다. 일례로 254㎚에서 주파장의 빛을 내는 살균램프, 360㎚에서 주파장의 빛을 내는 흑광 램프(black light lamp) 등이 있다. 조사되는 총 빛의 강도는 상기 램프들의 개별 전력소비 및 전체 램프 개수에 의하여 결정된다.The light irradiation lamp 14 may be a UV lamp that can irradiate ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of 200 ~ 400nm. For example, there is a sterilizing lamp that emits dominant wavelength at 254 nm, and a black light lamp that emits dominant wavelength at 360 nm. The total light intensity irradiated is determined by the individual power consumption of the lamps and the total number of lamps.
이러한 광조사 램프(14)는 광촉매를 활성화시키는데 필요한 에너지를 공급하여 준다.This light irradiation lamp 14 supplies the energy necessary to activate the photocatalyst.
상기 광촉매는 분말형 광촉매가 사용될 수 있으며, 주로 산화물 광촉매인 TiO2, WO3, ZnO 등을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 슬러리 상에 분산된 광촉매 입자 집합체(aggregate)의 크기는 분리막의 세공(細孔)보다 커야 하며, 대략 0.1㎛이상이면 정밀 여과막에 적용이 가능하다.Powder photocatalyst may be used as the photocatalyst, and it is preferable to mainly use TiO 2 , WO 3 , ZnO and the like which are oxide photocatalysts. The size of the aggregate of photocatalyst particles dispersed on the slurry should be larger than the pores of the separation membrane, and can be applied to the microfiltration membrane if it is about 0.1 μm or more.
한편, 상기 광촉매로 분말형 가시광 광촉매를 사용하는 것도 가능하며, 이 경우 상기 광조사 램프(14)로는 가시광 램프가 사용될 수 있다.On the other hand, it is also possible to use a powder-type visible light photocatalyst as the photocatalyst, in this case a visible light lamp may be used as the light irradiation lamp (14).
상기 분리막 모듈(18)은 침지형 분리막으로 설치목적에 따라 다양한 세공 크기의 분리막이 적용될 수 있다. 예를 들면, 정밀여과막, 한외여과막, 나노여과막, 역삼투막 들 중 어느 하나를 적용할 수 있다. 또한, 상기 침지형 분리막의 형태로는 중공사형, 관형, 평판형, 나권형, 회전원판형, 회전원통형 들 중 어느 하나를 적용할 수 있다. 이러한 분리막 모듈(18)은 광촉매 반응을 거쳐 처리된 유입수로부터 광촉매를 분리한다.The membrane module 18 is an immersion type membrane may be a separator of various pore sizes depending on the purpose of installation. For example, any one of a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, a nanofiltration membrane, and a reverse osmosis membrane may be applied. In addition, any one of hollow fiber type, tubular type, flat type, spiral wound type, rotating disc type, and rotating cylinder type may be used as the immersion type separation membrane. The membrane module 18 separates the photocatalyst from the treated influent through the photocatalytic reaction.
분리막 모듈(18)로 상기와 같이 반응조(20) 내에 배치되는 침지형 분리막을사용함으로써 공간을 절약할 수 있고 기존의 수처리 반응기를 사용하고 있는 경우에도 침지형 분리막을 바로 적용할 수 있다. 또한 상기 침지형 분리막을 사용하게 되면 순환을 위한 별도의 펌프가 필요하지 않으므로 운전 에너지를 크게 절감할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 설치비용을 절감할 수 있다. 아울러 침지형 분리막은 산기(散氣)방식에 의한 공기세정을 용이하게 적용할 수 있어 막오염을 방지할 수도 있다.By using the immersion type membrane disposed in the reactor 20 as the separation membrane module 18 as described above, it is possible to save space and even if the existing water treatment reactor is used, the immersion type membrane can be directly applied. In addition, when the immersion type membrane is used, a separate pump for circulation is not required, thereby significantly reducing operating energy and reducing installation costs. In addition, the immersion type membrane can be easily applied to the air cleaning by the acid (기) method can also prevent membrane contamination.
한편, 상기 반응조(20) 내에는 광조사 램프(14)와 분리막 모듈(18) 이외에 산기(散氣)장치(16)가 설치된다. 이 산기장치(16)는 다수 개의 분사노즐을 구비하여 광산화 과정에서 필요한 산소를 상기 반응조(20) 내부로 공급하는 역할을 하며, 아울러 상기 분리막 모듈(18)을 세정하는 역할도 수행한다.On the other hand, in addition to the light irradiation lamp 14 and the membrane module 18, the diffuser device 16 is installed in the reactor 20. The diffuser device 16 is provided with a plurality of injection nozzles to supply oxygen required in the photooxidation process into the reactor 20 and also to clean the membrane module 18.
즉 상기 산기장치(16)를 통해 공급되는 공기방울이 분리막 표면에 부딪히면서 발생하는 전단력에 의하여 상기 분리막 표면에 부착된 막오염 물질들을 떼어내거나, 분리막 주변에 난류를 형성함으로써 막오염 물질들이 분리막 표면에 부착되는 것을 막을 수 있다.That is, the membrane fouling substances adhere to the membrane surface by removing the membrane fouling substances attached to the separator surface by the shear force generated when the air bubbles supplied through the air diffuser 16 hit the membrane surface, or forming turbulent flow around the membrane. Can be prevented.
상기 본 발명에 따르는 광촉매-분리막 혼성 수처리 반응기를 구성하는 유입펌프(12), 광조사 램프(14), 산기장치(16), 분리막 모듈(18), 및 흡입펌프(21) 등은 운전조건에 따라 프로그램된 논리 제어기(미도시)에 의하여 자동적으로 제어될 수 있다.The inflow pump 12, the light irradiation lamp 14, the diffuser device 16, the membrane module 18, the suction pump 21, and the like constituting the photocatalyst-membrane hybrid water treatment reactor according to the present invention may be subjected to operating conditions. It can be controlled automatically by a logic controller (not shown) programmed accordingly.
상기 반응기가 운전되는 동안 막투과도(membrane flux)는 흡입펌프(21)의 진공압력의 변화를 통해 평가된다. 막투과도는 단위시간당 단위 막면적당 처리되는 양을 의미하는 것으로 막투과도가 높을수록 반응기의 처리용량이 향상된 것이므로,막투과도를 극대화함으로써 초기 분리막 설치비용, 운전비용, 교체비용을 절감할 수 있다. 처리효율은 분리막 모듈(18)을 통과하여 최종적으로 유출되는 처리수의 수질을 평가함으로써 이루어진다.Membrane flux during the operation of the reactor is evaluated through the change in the vacuum pressure of the suction pump (21). Membrane permeability means the amount to be treated per unit membrane area per unit time. The higher the membrane permeability, the more the treatment capacity of the reactor is improved. By maximizing the membrane permeability, the initial membrane installation cost, operation cost, and replacement cost can be reduced. Treatment efficiency is achieved by evaluating the quality of the treated water finally flowing out through the membrane module 18.
이하에서는 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 광촉매-분리막 혼성 수처리 반응기를 이용하여 유입수를 처리하는 과정을 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, a process of treating an influent using a photocatalyst-membrane hybrid water treatment reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
먼저 유입펌프(12)를 통해 유입수가 반응조(20)에 공급되면 유입수에 포함된 오염물질은 광조사 램프(14)와 분리막 모듈(18)이 설치되어 있는 상기 반응조(20) 내에서 수리학적 체류시간 동안 광반응과 분리작용에 의해 제거되게 된다.First, when the inflow water is supplied to the reaction tank 20 through the inflow pump 12, contaminants contained in the inflow water remain hydraulically in the reaction tank 20 in which the light irradiation lamp 14 and the membrane module 18 are installed. It is removed by photoreaction and separation for time.
이 때 본 발명에 따르는 반응기를 통해 처리되기 위하여 유입되는 유입수는 폐수, 정수원수, 1차 혹은 2차 처리수를 반응기 설치목적에 따라 선택하여 적용할 수 있다.At this time, the inflow water introduced to be treated through the reactor according to the present invention may be applied by selecting waste water, purified water, primary or secondary treatment water according to the reactor installation purpose.
흡입펌프(21)의 작동에 의해 분리막을 통하여 유출되는 처리수는 최종 처리수가 되며, 사용목적과 처리수의 수질에 따라 정수, 재이용수, 방류수 등으로 분류될 수 있다.The treated water flowing out through the separator by the operation of the suction pump 21 becomes the final treated water, and may be classified into purified water, reused water, and discharged water according to the purpose of use and the quality of the treated water.
본 발명에 따른 광촉매-분리막 혼성 수처리 반응기를 이용하여 폐수를 처리한 실시예를 설명하면 다음과 같다.An embodiment in which the wastewater is treated using the photocatalyst-membrane hybrid water treatment reactor according to the present invention is as follows.
실시예 1Example 1
본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 광촉매-분리막 혼성 수처리 반응기를 이용하여 정수 원수 중에 존재하는 난분해성 물질 중의 하나인 자연산 유기물의 제거성능을 평가하였다.The photocatalyst-membrane hybrid water treatment reactor according to one embodiment of the present invention was used to evaluate the removal performance of natural organic matter, which is one of the hardly decomposable substances present in the purified water.
즉 원수의 TOC(Total Organic Carbon) 농도가 3.3 ㎎/L 인 경우, 반응기의 부피를 1.8 L, 광촉매로 TiO2의 주입량을 0.5 g/L, 광조사 세기를 8 W로 하여 운전을 수행하였다. 반응시간 2시간 후 자연산 유기물의 흡광도 제거율은 99% 이상에 이르렀고, 반응시간 4.5시간 후에는 100% 제거되었으며, TOC 제거율도 80% 이상 달성하였다.That is, when TOC (Total Organic Carbon) concentration of raw water was 3.3 mg / L, the reactor was operated at 1.8 L, the injection amount of TiO 2 as photocatalyst was 0.5 g / L, and the light irradiation intensity was 8 W. After 2 hours of reaction time, the absorbance removal rate of the natural organic substance reached 99% or more. After 4.5 hours of reaction time, the absorbance was 100% removed, and the TOC removal rate was also 80% or more.
이러한 제거율은 흡착, 응집 등의 타 정수처리 공정과 비교하여 월등히 우수한 처리효율을 나타내는 것이다. 광촉매 입자는 침지형 분리막에 의해 완벽한 분리가 이루어져 반응기 내에 효과적으로 보유할 수 있었으며, 5 L/㎡-h 이상의 수준에서 양호한 투과율을 유지할 수 있었다.This removal rate shows an excellent treatment efficiency compared to other water treatment processes such as adsorption and flocculation. Photocatalyst particles could be effectively retained in the reactor by the perfect separation by the immersion type membrane, it was able to maintain a good transmittance at the level of 5 L / ㎡-h or more.
일반적으로 정수처리에 적용되는 흡착공정의 경우 흡착제의 종류 및 투입량, 원수 수질에 따라 다르기는 하지만 20~60%의 TOC 제거율을 보이며, 응집공정의 경우는 20~50%의 TOC 제거율을 보인다. 특히, 흡착공정이나 응집공정의 비흡착성 및 비응집성 유기물이 수원(水原)의 종류에 따라 상당히 존재하므로 제거효율을 향상시키는데에 한계가 있다.Generally, the adsorption process applied to water purification treatment shows 20 ~ 60% TOC removal rate, although it depends on the type of adsorbent, input amount, and raw water quality. In the case of flocculation process, it shows 20 ~ 50% TOC removal rate. In particular, since the non-adsorbable and non-aggregated organic matters of the adsorption process and the coagulation process are considerably present depending on the type of water source, there is a limit to improving the removal efficiency.
이에 비하여 본 발명에 따른 수처리 반응기의 광촉매 분해를 이용할 경우, 화학적 산화에 의해 강제적으로 분해가 가능하므로 처리효율이 타 공정에 비해 매우 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있다.On the other hand, when the photocatalytic decomposition of the water treatment reactor according to the present invention is used, it can be forcibly decomposed by chemical oxidation, so that the treatment efficiency is very superior to other processes.
실시예 2Example 2
화학공정의 세정제로 주로 사용되어 화학산업폐수에 함유되어 있는 유기용매성분 중의 하나인 TCE(trichloroethylene)를 약 100㎎/L 함유한 폐수를 대상으로 위와 동일한 조건에서 본 발명에 따른 광촉매-분리막 혼성 수처리 반응기를 운전하였다.Photocatalyst-membrane hybrid water treatment according to the present invention under the same conditions for wastewater containing about 100 mg / L of TCE (trichloroethylene), which is one of the organic solvents used in chemical process wastewater. The reactor was run.
그 결과 반응시간 2시간 이내에 TCE는 자연 휘발된 성분을 제외하면 거의 100% 분해가 이루어졌으며, 초기 급격한 투과도 감소가 일어나긴 했으나 운전시간 2시간 후에 초기 막투과도의 20% 수준에서 안정된 막투과도를 유지하였다.As a result, within 2 hours of reaction time, TCE was almost 100% decomposed except for the natural volatilized component, and although the initial rapid permeability decreased, it maintained stable membrane permeability at 20% of initial membrane permeability after 2 hours of operation time. It was.
이상을 통해 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 대하여 설명하였지만, 본 발명은 이에 한정되는 것은 아니고 특허청구범위와 발명의 상세한 설명 및 첨부한 도면의 범위 안에서 여러 가지로 변형하여 실시하는 것이 가능하고 이 또한 본 발명의 범위에 속하는 것은 당연하다.Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the claims and the detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings. Naturally, it belongs to the scope of the invention.
이상 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명에 따른 광촉매-분리막 혼성 수처리 반응기에 의하면, 정수 원수 및 폐수 중에 포함되어 있는 오염물질을 광촉매 반응을 통해 완전히 산화시킴으로써 효과적으로 제거할 수 있고, 반응 후 광촉매는 침지형 분리막으로 분리되어 반응조 내에 계속 체류하게 됨에 따라 양질의 유출수를 획득할 수 있는 효과가 있다.As described above, according to the photocatalyst-membrane hybrid water treatment reactor according to the present invention, contaminants contained in purified water and wastewater can be effectively removed by oxidizing completely through a photocatalytic reaction, and the photocatalyst is separated into an immersion type membrane after the reaction. As it remains in the reactor, there is an effect of obtaining a good effluent.
특히, 반응조 내에 광촉매, 광조사 램프, 분리막이 모두 구비됨으로써 소형화 집적화된 광촉매 분해-막분리 시스템을 구성할 수 있는 효과가 있다.In particular, since the photocatalyst, the light irradiation lamp, and the separation membrane are all provided in the reaction tank, there is an effect that a compact integrated photocatalytic decomposition-membrane separation system can be constructed.
또한, 반응조 내에 산기장치를 설치하여 공기공급과 막 세정을 동시에 수행함에 따라 처리효율 및 막오염 방지효과를 극대화할 수 있다.In addition, by installing an air diffuser in the reaction tank to perform the air supply and membrane cleaning at the same time can maximize the treatment efficiency and membrane fouling prevention effect.
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| KR100957047B1 (en) * | 2009-09-21 | 2010-05-13 | (주)비썬 | Immersed membrane ultra filter |
| CN107459097A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-12-12 | 河海大学 | Circulating oily water photocatalysis repair system and its operation process |
| US9925523B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2018-03-27 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University | Self-powered piezoelectric structure and method of manufacturing the same |
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| WO2008113128A1 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-25 | Viva Blu Pty Ltd | Method and apparatus for effecting a predetermined transformation |
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| US9925523B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2018-03-27 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University | Self-powered piezoelectric structure and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN107459097A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-12-12 | 河海大学 | Circulating oily water photocatalysis repair system and its operation process |
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