KR20040006204A - asbestos-removing method for building materials containing asbestos - Google Patents

asbestos-removing method for building materials containing asbestos Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20040006204A
KR20040006204A KR1020020040198A KR20020040198A KR20040006204A KR 20040006204 A KR20040006204 A KR 20040006204A KR 1020020040198 A KR1020020040198 A KR 1020020040198A KR 20020040198 A KR20020040198 A KR 20020040198A KR 20040006204 A KR20040006204 A KR 20040006204A
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South Korea
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asbestos
removal
dust
construction
container
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KR1020020040198A
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Korean (ko)
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박영식
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한국석면환경사업(주)
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Priority to KR1020020040198A priority Critical patent/KR20040006204A/en
Publication of KR20040006204A publication Critical patent/KR20040006204A/en

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/0066Disposal of asbestos
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste

Abstract

PURPOSE: An asbestos removing method from construction materials including asbestos is provided to prevent environmental pollution by restricting dispersion of asbestos with removing the asbestos conveniently and safely corresponding to sequential processes. CONSTITUTION: When a construction section for removing asbestos is set, and the construction section is isolated with the vinyl sheet. Dust is collected while air is discharged in the isolated area, and the pressure of the isolated area is decreased. The asbestos dispersion restrainer is applied to the asbestos in the isolated area in moisturizing asbestos, and the wet asbestos is removed. A dust dispersion restrainer is spread on the removal position after eliminating asbestos. The isolated section is cleaned again, and the vinyl sheet is removed from the isolated section. Waste asbestos is put into the container, and the top of the container is closed completely. The asbestos is removed safely with restricting dispersion of asbestos.

Description

석면 함유 건축재의 석면제거공법 {asbestos-removing method for building materials containing asbestos}Asbestos-removing method for building materials containing asbestos}

본 발명은 인체에 유해한 석면을 함유한 건축재로부터 그 석면만을 안전하게 제거하는 공법에 관한 것으로, 특히 석면의 비산을 방지하여 석면의 비산 및 호흡에 따른 치명적인 유해요소를 안전하게 해체할 수 있는 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for safely removing only asbestos from building materials containing asbestos, which is harmful to the human body, and in particular, prevents asbestos from scattering and safely dismantles harmful elements caused by asbestos scattering and breathing.

석면(아스베스토)이란 천연석으로 생산되는 광물군 중에서 높은 항장력과 유연성을 지닌 견사 모양의 특이한 광택을 나타내는 섬유상 집합을 이루는 것의 속칭으로서,Asbestos (Asbesto) is a generic name for a group of minerals produced from natural stone that form a fibrous group with a high glossiness and a silky unusual luster.

모두 단일섬유가 매우 가늘며, 가는 섬유다발로 쉽게 풀어져 미소섬유나 섬유다발 상태로 대기 중에 쉽게 부유하게 된다.All single fibers are very thin, easily loosened by thin fiber bundles, and easily suspended in the air in the form of microfibers or fiber bundles.

이러한 석면은 불연성, 단열성, 내구성, 절연성 등이 뛰어나 석면가스켓(단열재), 석면시멘트(내화재), 석면직물(방화재), 석면크레이크라이닝(마찰재) 등에 이용되고 있으며,Such asbestos is used in asbestos gasket (insulation material), asbestos cement (fireproof material), asbestos fabric (fireproof material), asbestos cracking (friction material), etc. because of its excellent incombustibility, heat insulation, durability and insulation.

대부분은 건축자재와 자동차 부품, 섬유제품 등으로 소비되고 있는 것이다.Most of them are consumed by construction materials, automobile parts, and textile products.

그러나, 상기한 바와 같은 석면은 섬유형태가 가늘고 날카로우며 매우 뻣뻣하고 특히, 체내보존성이 높아 인체에 미치는 유해성이 매우 높다.However, asbestos as described above, the fiber shape is thin, sharp and very stiff, and particularly high in body preservation and high harmfulness to the human body.

따라서, 상기한 석면은 극히 제한된 취급자만이 다룰 수 있게 하며 그 사용 및 제거, 폐기물 처리에 관한 엄격한 제도가 마련되어 있으며, 이러한 석면을 장기간 흡입하게 되면 폐암, 악성중피종, 석면폐 등의 직업병을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다.Therefore, asbestos can only be handled by extremely limited personnel and there are strict systems for its use, removal and waste disposal, and prolonged inhalation of such asbestos causes occupational diseases such as lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma and asbestos lung. Known.

따라서, 이러한 석면을 법령에 의해 독성지정폐기물로 지정되어 발효되었으나, 현재로서는 단체 및 기관의 단속이 거의 없으므로 석면관련 근로자 및 국민 다수가 생명에 위협을 받아온게 사실이다.Therefore, asbestos was designated and designated as toxic waste by law, but as of now there are few crackdowns on organizations and institutions, and asbestos-related workers and the majority of people have been threatened with life.

특히, 대중이 이용하는 지하철 구간이나 학교 및 기간시설 등의 석면부유량이 규정치의 수십배에 달하는 등 기 살포되어 있던 석면의 제거공사가 빈번하게 이루어지고 있으며,Particularly, asbestos removal of subway sections, schools, and infrastructure used by the public reaches tens of times the prescribed value.

철거 및 해체건물 공사시에도 석면이 살포된 건축폐기물은 일반건축폐기물과 엄격하게 분류하여 별도로 매립하여야 하나 대부분의 공사장에서 일반건축물과 함께 폐기처분하는 폐해가 잇따르므로 2차 공해를 유발시킴은 물론 현장작업자와 주변 주민들의 건강에 치명적인 위협이 되고 있는 것이다.In the construction of demolition and demolition buildings, asbestos-coated building wastes must be strictly classified with general building wastes and reclaimed separately.However, in most construction sites, wastes disposed of with general buildings are disposed of separately. It is a deadly threat to the health of workers and those around them.

또한, 1965년도부터 1991년에 이르는 동안 소방법에 의해 공공건물 즉, 관공청사, 학교, 지하철, 터미널, 발전소, 체육관, 공항, 댐, 조선소, 물류창고, 영화관, 호텔, 은행 등에는 의무적으로 내벽에 석면을 살포하도록 법제화 하였으므로, 당시에 건축되어진 거의 모든 건축물에는 발포석면이 남아 있게 되는 것이다.In 1965-1991, public buildings such as government offices, schools, subways, terminals, power plants, gymnasiums, airports, dams, shipyards, warehouses, cinemas, hotels, banks, etc. Since the legislation has been enacted to spray asbestos, foamed asbestos remains in almost all buildings built at that time.

그러나, 이러한 발포석면은 시간에 경과함에 따라 점차로 공기중에 부유하는 석면량이 증대되면서 건축물 내에서 활동하는 인체에 심각한 악영향을 끼치고 있게 되는 것이다.However, such foamed asbestos is gradually increasing the amount of asbestos suspended in the air as time passes, causing serious adverse effects on the human body operating in the building.

따라서, 1991년 본격적으로 석면사용의 규제가 발표되면서 더이상 건축물에 발포석면을 사용하는 일은 거의 없으로 그 이전건물 즉, 석면에 오염된 건축물의 내부에 형성된 발포석면의 처리가 가장 큰 문제점으로 부각되어 온 것이다.Therefore, as the regulation of asbestos was announced in earnest in 1991, the use of foamed asbestos is rarely used in buildings anymore, and the treatment of foamed asbestos formed in the former building, that is, the building contaminated with asbestos, is the biggest problem. Came.

본 발명은 전기한 바와 같은 문제점을 제거코자 안출된 것으로서, 기존건물의 내벽에 살포부착된 석면의 제거공법을 각각의 시공공정에 의해 순차적으로 진행시키며 안전하고 간편하게 제거함으로서,The present invention has been made to eliminate the problems described above, by proceeding the removal method of asbestos sprayed on the inner wall of the existing building sequentially by each construction process, by safely and simply removing,

석면의 비산이 전혀 없으므로 현장 주변으로 석면이 비산되어 환경오염을 일으키는 문제점이 없으며, 제거작업장 내에서도 석면의 비산을 최대한 억제하여 작업자는 물론 작업장내의 시설물 오염 등을 최대한 방지하여 보다 안전하고 간편하게 발포부착 석면을 제거할 수 있는 석면 함유 건축재의 석면제거공법을 제공함에본 발명의 목적이 있는 것이다.Since there is no asbestos scattering, there is no problem that asbestos is scattered around the site, causing environmental pollution.In the removal workshop, asbestos is suppressed as much as possible to prevent contamination of facilities in the workplace as well as for workers, making it safer and more convenient. It is an object of the present invention to provide an asbestos removal method of asbestos-containing building material that can remove the.

이러한, 석면 제거공법에 의해 안전하게 석면에 제거되면 종래와 같은 석면부유량이 전혀 없으므로 실내 공기의 유해성을 현저히 감소시키게 되는 것이다.When safely removed from asbestos by the asbestos removal method, there is no asbestos flotation as in the prior art, which significantly reduces the harmfulness of indoor air.

도 1은 본 발명 석면제거공법의 수행단계도Figure 1 is a step of performing the present invention asbestos removal method

도 2는 본 발명 석면제거공법의 타실시예를 보인 수행단계도Figure 2 is a performing step showing another embodiment of the present invention asbestos removal method

이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 과정별 공정에 의해 순차적으로 설명한다.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described sequentially by a process-specific process.

도 1은 본 발명 석면제거공법의 시행순서를 단계별로 개략 도시한 과정도로서,1 is a process diagram schematically showing a step-by-step execution procedure of the present invention asbestos removal method,

먼저, 발포부착 석면에 의한 오염대상이 지정되고 그에 따른 시공구획구간이 설정되면,First, if the object of contamination by foamed asbestos is designated and the construction section is set accordingly,

비닐시트로 시공구획을 일정공간 외부와 차단되게 격리하는 구획격리공정,Compartment isolation process to isolate construction block from outside of certain space with vinyl sheet,

격리공간의 집진 및 배기를 동시에 수행케 하고, 그 격리공간을 저압화하는 집진배기장치설치공정,A dust collecting and exhausting device installation process for simultaneously collecting and evacuating the isolation space and reducing the isolation space;

격리된 공간내의 제거대상 석면에 석면비산 억제제를 살포하는 석면 습윤화공정,Asbestos wetting process for spraying asbestos scattering inhibitor on the asbestos to be removed in segregated space,

습윤화된 석면을 제거하는 석면제거공정,Asbestos removal process to remove wet asbestos,

석면제거 후 석면 제거위치에 분진 비산방지 처리제를 살포하는 약액살포공정,Chemical spraying process for spraying dust scattering treatment agent in asbestos removal position after asbestos removal

석면제거된 시공구획을 재청소하는 소제공정,Cleaning process for re-cleaning asbestos removed construction blocks,

격리된 구획공간의 비닐시트를 제거하는 격리구간해제공정,Segregation section release process for removing vinyl sheets in insulated compartments,

수거된 폐석면을 용기에 넣고 그 상부를 완전히 봉입하는 밀봉공정,Sealing process to put the collected asbestos into the container and completely seal the upper part,

밀봉된 폐석면 용기의 매립공정을 순차 진행하여 석면을 제거하는 것이다.The process of landfilling the sealed asbestos container is performed in order to remove asbestos.

상기한 바와 같은 각 공정에 따른 석면 제거공법을 공정별 상세 설명에 의해 보다 상세히 설명한다.Asbestos removal method according to each process as described above will be described in more detail by the process-specific description.

먼저, 살포부착 석면을 제거하는 작업을 할 때는 제거하는 장소(작업장)을 다른 장소와 격리하여야 한다.First, when working to remove sprayed asbestos, the place to be removed (workshop) should be isolated from other places.

시공구획의 격리는 비닐 시트를 이용하는 방법이 이용되는 것이며 살포부착 석면의 사용량 및 범위에 따라 전체 또는 각 부분에 대해 적당한 공간을 구분하면서 순서대로 실시한다.The segregation of the construction section is carried out by using a vinyl sheet method, and the appropriate spaces are divided in order according to the amount and range of sprayed asbestos.

또한, 구획격리에 사용하는 비닐 시트는 파손을 방지하기 위해 충분한 강도를 가진 것을 사용하고, 구체적으로는 벽면에 사용하는 시트의 두께는 0.08mm 이상, 바닥에 사용하는 경우에는 0.15mm 이상의 것을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, the vinyl sheet used for compartment isolation should have sufficient strength to prevent breakage. Specifically, the thickness of the sheet used for the wall surface should be 0.08 mm or more, and for floor use, 0.15 mm or more. It is preferable.

이렇게 시공 구획격리공정에 의한 석면제거공간이 격리되면 그 작업장 내부는 항상 부압을 유지하고 작업장의 배기측에는 고성능 에어필터를 장착한 집진 배기장치를 설치하여야 하는 것인데,When the asbestos removal space is separated by the construction compartment isolation process, the inside of the workplace should always maintain negative pressure, and the exhaust side of the workplace should be equipped with a dust exhaust system equipped with a high performance air filter.

집진 배기장치의 설치는 격리한 시공구획 내를 외기압보다 낮게 유지해 석면의 비산을 방지하기 위한 것으로 집진 배기장치에서의 배기에 대해서는 고성능 에어필터를 이용해 집진한 뒤 배기하는 것으로 한다.In order to prevent asbestos scattering by keeping the inside of the isolated construction section lower than the outside pressure, the dust collection exhaust device is to be exhausted after collecting dust using a high performance air filter.

이러한 집진 배기장치의 설치가 완료되면 발포부착 석면의 제거작업에 앞서 석면이 분말상으로 비산되는 것을 방지하기 위해 석면 비산 억제제를 살포하여 석면의 비산이 방지되게 하는 습윤화 공정을 거치게 되는데,After the installation of the dust collecting exhaust device, the asbestos scattering inhibitor is sprayed to prevent asbestos from being scattered in powder form prior to removing the foamed asbestos.

이때에는 에어리스 스프레이 기계 또는 석면을 비산시키지 않는 기계를 사용해 살포부착 석면을 약액 등으로 습윤화한다. 이때 사용하는 약액은 석면의 비산을 억제할 수 있고 사람에게 독성이 적은 것으로 사용하여야 할 것이다.At this time, the sprayed asbestos is wetted with a chemical or the like using an airless spraying machine or a machine that does not scatter asbestos. At this time, the chemical solution used can be used to suppress asbestos scattering and to be less toxic to humans.

이렇게 석면 비산 억제제의 살포에 의해 석면이 습윤화가 된 상태에서 건물 내벽에 살포부착된 석면을 제거하게 되는 데, 석면제거 공정을 하기 위해서는 우선 집진 배기장치를 가동시키고, 석면이 완전히 습윤상태가 되었을 때 케렌봉 등을 이용하여 살포부착 석면을 긁어내면 되는 것이다.In this way, asbestos is moistened by spraying asbestos scattering inhibitor, and the asbestos sprayed on the inner wall of the building is removed.In order to perform the asbestos removal process, the dust collecting exhaust system is operated first, and when the asbestos is completely wetted. Scrape off the asbestos with spray using a keren stick.

또한, 석면의 상태에 따라 습윤약액을 재 살포한 뒤 와이어 브러쉬 등을 사용하여 부착되어 있는 석면을 완전히 제거하면 되는 것이며, 이러한 석면의 제거가 완전히 이루어진 상태에서는 분진형태의 석면이 비산되는 것을 방지하여 분진비산방지 처리제를 석면 제거부에 살포하는 약액살포공정을 실시하게 되는 것이다.In addition, according to the state of asbestos, after re-spraying the humectant liquid, the attached asbestos may be completely removed by using a wire brush, etc. In the state where such asbestos is completely removed, dust-like asbestos is prevented from scattering. The chemical liquid spraying process is applied to spray the dust scattering treatment agent asbestos removal unit.

이렇게 석면의 제거가 완전히 이루어진 상태에서는 계획구간 내를 완전히 청소하는 시공구획 소제공정을 실시하게 되는 것이며, 시공구획의 소제가 완전히 이루어진 상태에서 최초에 가설된 격리구간의 비닐 시트를 제거하는 격리구간 해제공정을 실시하게 된다.When the asbestos is completely removed, the construction section cleaning process is performed to completely clean the inside of the planned section, and the isolation section is removed to remove the vinyl sheet of the original construction section after the construction section is completely cleaned. The process will be carried out.

또한, 전기한 석면 제거공정에 의해 배출되어진 폐석면은 별도의 용기에 담아 그 용기 상부를 밀봉하는 폐석면 밀봉공정을 수행하여야 하는데, 그 수거용기의밀봉공정은 봉입 공법과 감싸기 공법이 주로 사용되는데,In addition, waste asbestos discharged by the above-mentioned asbestos removal process should be put in a separate container to perform the waste asbestos sealing process to seal the upper part of the container. The sealing process of the collection container is mainly a sealing method and a wrapping method. ,

봉입 공법은 기존의 살포부착 석면층에 약액을 침투시키거나 조막제 살포를 실시하여 살포부착 석면층의 표층부 또는 전층을 완전히 피복시키거나 고착, 고정화시켜 분진리 실내로 비산되지 않도록 하는 방법이며,The encapsulation method is a method of infiltrating a chemical solution into an existing sprayed asbestos layer or spraying a film-forming agent to completely cover, fix or fix the surface layer or entire layer of the sprayed asbestos layer so that it does not scatter to dust indoors.

감싸기 공법은 기존의 살포부착 석면층이 실내로 노출되지 않도록 판 형태의 재료로 완전히 덮어 분진의 비산방지와 손상방지를 도모하는 방법이다.Wrapping method is a method to prevent dust scattering and damage prevention by completely covering with a plate-shaped material so that the existing sprayed asbestos layer is not exposed to the room.

또한, 살포부착 석면을 감싸거나 봉입할 때는 살포부착 석면의 약화상태와 하지와의 접착상태를 확인하여, 약화가 현저한 경우나 하지와의 접착이 불량한 경우에는 살포부착 석면을 일부 제거해야 한다.In addition, when wrapping or encapsulating sprayed asbestos, the weakened state of the sprayed asbestos and the adhesion state of the lower extremity should be checked. If the weakening is significant or the adhesion with the lower extremity is poor, some sprayed asbestos should be removed.

이렇게 완전 밀봉된 폐석면 용기는 별도의 관계법에 의해 안전한 곳에 매설되는 것이다.This completely sealed waste asbestos container is buried in a safe place by a separate law.

이상과 같은 작업공정에 의해 안전하게 폐석면을 제거할 수 있는 것이며, 무분별하게 진행되어오던 석면부착 폐자재의 처분으로 인한 작업자 및 주변거주자들의 건강상 피해를 최소화하고 폐기과정에서 발생하는 2차 환경오염을 방지할 수 있는 것이다.Waste asbestos can be safely removed by the above work process, and the secondary environmental pollution caused by the disposal process is minimized while minimizing the health damages of workers and neighboring residents due to the disposal of asbestos-attached waste materials which have been indiscriminately proceeded. This can be prevented.

또한, 전기한 석면제거공정에서 별도의 스크레퍼나 와이어 브러쉬를 사용하는 수동적인 제거방법에서 탈피하여 도 2의 도시와 같이 고압의 흡입구를 갖는 진공스크레퍼를 이용하여 석면의 스크래핑과 동시에 이탈되는 석면이 흡입되어 고형화 차량에 의해 블럭 생산되어 그 밀봉공정이 필요없이 간편하게 폐기처분되도록 작업과정을 변경할 수도 있는 것이다.In addition, asbestos is removed from scraping at the same time as scraping of asbestos by using a vacuum scraper having a high pressure inlet as shown in FIG. It is also possible to change the working process so that it is produced by the solidified vehicle to be disposed of easily without the sealing process.

이러한 고형화 차량을 이용하는 경우 그 작업속도가 매우 신속하게 진행됨은 물론 비산되는 석면의 발생량을 더욱 감소시켜 청결하면서도 매우 안전한 석면제거작업이 이루어지므로 보다 고급스런 작업형태인 것이다.In the case of using such a solidified vehicle, the work speed is very fast, and as a result, the amount of asbestos scattered is further reduced, resulting in a clean and very safe asbestos removal work.

이상과 같은 본 발명 석면 함유 건축재의 석면제거공법은 석면의 비산이 전혀 없으므로 현장 주변으로 석면이 비산되어 오염을 일으키는 문제점이 없으며, 제거작업장 내에서도 석면의 비산을 최대한 억제하여 작업자는 물론 작업장내의 시설물 손상 등을 최대한 방지하여 보다 안전하고 간편하게 발포부착 석면을 제거할 수 있는 효과가 있는 것이다.Asbestos removal method of asbestos-containing building materials as described above has no problem of causing asbestos scattering around the site since there is no scattering of asbestos, and there is no problem of causing asbestos scattering even in the removing workshop, thereby damaging facilities as well as workers in the workplace. By preventing the back as much as possible to remove the asbestos foam more safely and easily.

Claims (3)

발포부착 석면에 의한 오염대상이 지정되고 그에 따른 시공구획구간이 설정되면,When the object of contamination by foamed asbestos is designated and the construction section is set accordingly, 비닐시트로 시공구획을 일정공간 외부와 차단되게 격리하는 구획격리공정과,A compartment isolation process that isolates the construction block from the outside by a plastic sheet, 격리공간의 집진 및 배기를 동시에 수행케 하고, 그 격리공간을 저압화하는 집진배기장치설치공정과,A dust collecting and exhausting device installation process for simultaneously collecting and evacuating the isolation space and reducing the isolation space; 격리된 공간내의 제거대상 석면에 석면비산 억제제를 살포하는 석면 습윤화공정과,Asbestos wetting process for spraying asbestos scattering inhibitor on the asbestos to be removed in segregated space; 습윤화된 석면을 스크래핑하여 제거하는 석면제거공정과,Asbestos removal process for scraping and removing wet asbestos; 석면제거 후 석면 제거위치에 분진 비산방지 처리제를 살포하는 약액살포공정과,Chemical liquid spraying process for spraying dust scattering treatment agent in the asbestos removal position after asbestos removal; 석면제거된 시공구획을 재청소하는 소제공정과,A cleaning process for re-cleaning asbestos removed construction blocks, 격리된 구획공간의 비닐시트를 제거하는 격리구간해제공정과,An isolation section releasing step of removing the vinyl sheet in the isolated compartment; 수거된 폐석면을 용기에 넣고 그 상부를 완전히 봉입하는 밀봉공정과,A sealing process of placing the collected asbestos into a container and completely encapsulating the upper portion thereof; 밀봉된 폐석면 용기의 매립공정을 순차 진행하여 됨을 특징으로 하는 석면 함유 건축재의 석면제거공법.Asbestos removal method for asbestos-containing building material, characterized in that the process of filling the sealed asbestos container in order. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 석면제거공정을 패드상의 스크래퍼를 이용하여 수행함을 특징으로 하는 석면 함유 건축재의 석면제거공법.Asbestos removal method for asbestos-containing building material, characterized in that the asbestos removal process is performed using a scraper on the pad. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 석면제거공정을 고압 진공 흡입차량에 의해 분진석면을 흡입하여 이를 블럭화하여 밀봉되게 함을 특징으로 하는 석면 함유 건축재의 석면제거공법.Asbestos removal process for asbestos-containing building material, characterized in that the asbestos removal process by suctioning dust asbestos by a high-pressure vacuum suction vehicle to block it sealed.
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KR102607664B1 (en) * 2022-07-21 2023-11-29 류종욱 Method for removing asbestos

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