KR20030075259A - The insulating material which is fireproof and lightweight - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is an ultralight, fire resistant, heat insulating material, having heat resistance, foaming property, and adhesion, which has high strength and economical efficiency and can contribute resource utilization and an environmental problem, when used as building materials. CONSTITUTION: The heat insulating material comprises 30-75 wt% of silicate, preferably sodium silicate, and the rest of heat resistant particles, preferably sand, earth, or mineral particles based on SiO2, wherein 1-50% of the particles have particle sizes of 0.002-0.01 micrometer. The heat insulating material is produced by kneading the silicate and the heat resistant particles together with water, semi-drying the mixture, heating the semi-dried mixture to 120-500 deg.C, and foaming the mixture. Strength and specific gravity of the material are adjusted by contents of the silicate and the heat resistant particles.

Description

Lightweight Fireproof Insulation {The insulating material which is fireproof and lightweight}

Conventionally, the present invention is comparable to a compressed squirrel, a porous ceramic or a gypsum board. However, in building materials, the squirrel melts in heat and burns in a fire to produce poisonous gases. Recently, fire retardant squirrel that melts and does not ignite in fire is commercially available as a building material, but it has a limit of melting without maintaining its shape. In this case, the wall insulation effect is dismantled, and the high-temperature squirrel melt can stick to the human body and cause burns.

In the case of foamed ceramics, if the foaming ratio is large, both fire resistance and strength may be satisfied, but there are technical limitations to increase the foaming ratio and it is not suitable for building materials due to high price. Asbestos building materials have long been prohibited from being used as protruding interior and exterior materials because of the cause of lung cancer, and now they are used under the name rock wool only in the enclosed space between the walls.

In the case of gypsum board, the insulation effect is less than that of squirrel, but it is widely used as a building material for proper part because it has a flame retardant effect in case of fire and has excellent surface compressive strength. Therefore, it can be said that research and development for low specific gravity and high strength are continuously continued. Recently, the general gypsum board, which is commercially available in Korea, has a specific gravity of 0.6 to 0.9, which is about floating in water by applying a blowing agent. Absorption of water tends to be very rapid and soon sinks. Of course, when water is absorbed, the thermal insulation is extremely degraded. Waterproof gypsum boards are twice as expensive as regular boards.

Commercially available gypsum boards are foams, but their compressive strength is relatively high, depending on the characteristics of gypsum. However, due to the weak tensile force, the paper is bonded to the surface to compensate for the tensile strength. If the paper is removed, the gypsum is so easily broken that it can easily be eaten with water, making it impossible to use as a building material.

Prior application cases similar to the present invention include 'method of manufacturing silicate-based insulation (10-1985-0000192)' and 'method of reinforcing fire resistance in panels used in construction' (10-2001-0001406). . In the former case, the process requires a complicated process and expensive components requiring a process and a primary dry processing secondary plastic reaction process, and is configured such that an ultralight insulation material cannot be obtained as in the present invention. In the latter case, only the surface of the glass fiber is treated with sodium silicate to increase the strength to prevent the glass fiber from bending. It should be noted that the glass fiber itself is insulated, so it is not expected that the degree of thermal insulation is improved by a separate sodium silicate treatment, and the glass fiber itself becomes the main thermal insulation material. In addition, glass fiber is a material that the builder is reluctant to handle due to the powder.

In addition, 'insulation composition (Special 1990-0001727)' is not a porosity that fully utilizes the foamability of sodium silicate. There are many other applications using sodium silicate, but it should be noted that the addition of complicated additives to make the material itself expensive and super lightweight was not achieved in order to prevent the sodium silicate from expanding and thermally expanding and cracking during drying. There is a need. If a mixture is added with a material which has its own coagulation property such as calcium sulfate, foaming will be hindered, resulting in the inability to achieve ultra-lightweight or high insulation and sound insulation. And in the case of the invention in which the emulsifier is added to a polymer material such as a synthetic resin by mixing a surfactant for the purpose of preventing cracks during the solidification and to increase the adhesive strength, the polymer material itself is flammable, there is a disadvantage that the fire resistance and the poison gas discharge occurs.

For reference, the present invention provides a material that was developed and used as a fireproof material in a combustion chamber during a small rocket research and development 20 years ago to be applied to a building material.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a new material that can take only the advantages of other materials and can supplement the disadvantages. In particular, it focused on solving the weaknesses of gypsum boards, and made the best use of the foamability of sodium silicate to create ultra-light weight materials while maintaining strength and effective fire resistance.

In order to achieve the above object, it is based on a material which is nonflammable and has high foaming ability. As is already known, silicate is widely used as a main component of flame retardant materials, and sodium silicate is a nonflammable material, which has a high demand for effective adhesion and low price. In the case of potassium silicate, the source of potassium is limited because the source of potassium is more expensive than the source of sodium.

Sodium silicate foams very vigorously when heated and has a melting point of 1088 ° C. However, the strength of the single foamed state is very small, the particles are easily blown out and solubility in water is not suitable as a building material. However, if the mixture is heated and foamed by mixing silicon dioxide-based material or metal oxide, that is, pure silicon oxide and sand, loess, clay, and aluminum oxide oxide powder, the strength is greatly increased and the solubility in water is sharply lowered. Will be satisfied. At this time, the particle size of the powder is preferably 50㎛ or less. In addition to the above materials, the mixed powder may be used by pulverizing building waste materials such as waste blocks, waste concrete, waste gypsum boards, and the powder of waste glass waste ceramic waste shells.

This powder is hereinafter referred to as mixed powder.

Sodium silicate is also called sodium silicate, water glass, sodium orthosilicate and sodium disilicate, but usually refers to sodium metasilicate having the general formula of Na ₂ SiO ₃ · nH ₂ O.

The content of sodium silicate is adjusted according to foaming and strength. The ratio of sodium metasilicate to mixed powder is used within 30wt% ~ 75wt%. The higher the content of sodium silicate, the greater the foamability, but generally the lower the strength. Kneading well by adding water to sodium silicate and mixed powder, and foaming when heat is applied will increase the volume. When constrained to the mold it is possible to form a certain shape.

The material thus formed is nonflammable and maintains its strength even at temperatures around 1000 ° C. Specific gravity can be made of ultra-light weight materials of less than three-quarters of gypsum board depending on the composition ratio and particle size. Since the material itself is porous, the insulation and sound insulation effect is greatly improved. It can be made thinner than gypsum board of the same width because it can have the same effect with a thinner thickness than gypsum board in view of small specific gravity and excellent strength and insulation insulation. Considering that the biggest cause of damage to the stone board is that it is damaged by its own weight during construction, it becomes an indirect strength increase effect even if it is the same strength. For example, if it is dropped, it is easily broken by its own weight.When it is held by one end, the greater the inertia, the greater the inertia, and the stronger the bending force.The same strength can be easily broken when it is heavier than when it is light. easy to do. Therefore, in some cases, the present invention may have a weight of one third to one fifth to one fifth of a gypsum board, so it is economical and easy to handle during logistics and construction.

Since the strength of the material itself is greater than that of gypsum board, it can be used as a finishing material by simply painting without sticking paper. Depending on the application, it is also possible to manufacture products reinforced with strength by inserting kraft paper or fabric on the surface, or by inserting a reinforcement of a network structure inside the gypsum board. Even if heated or foamed by bonding or inserting a network structure of paper, fabric and general fiber, foaming is possible even when heated at about 180 ° C, and thus it is possible to manufacture the fiber without burning it.

In the case of inserting the metal mesh, the heating temperature is not limited, but heating to 300 ° C. or lower is sufficient.

In the examples below, the specific gravity and strength of the foam-molded material were measured by half-drying the sludge kneaded with water in each component.

Unlike gypsum boards, they all float when placed in water and each example shows that specific gravity and strength are closely related to the particle size of the mixed powder.

Example 1

Sodium silicate 50wt%, SiO ₂ 50wt% (average particle size 0.1㎛)

Specific gravity 0.2, 5/7 times stronger than plasterboard

Example 2

Sodium Silicate 50wt%, SiO ₂ 50wt% (average particle size 0.5㎛)

Specific gravity 0.46 Strength 7/5 of gypsum board, surface like glass

Example 3

Sodium silicate 47wt%, SiO ₂ 47wt% (average particle size 1.5㎛), zeolite 6%

Specific gravity 0.28, same as strength gypsum board

Here, zeolite is a fine particle with a particle size of 0.002 micrometer-0.005 micrometer.

The following is a case where the strength is increased by inserting a metal mesh inside.

Example 4

Sludge mixed with 50% sodium silicate and 0.1 μm average particle size SiO ₂ powder with water

Dry heating molding by inserting a metal mesh with a thickness of 3mm in a thickness of 0.5mm

-Floating in water, the strength greatly increased.

By providing ultra-light, high strength fireproof insulation and building interior materials, economical construction is possible, and waste materials can be recycled and upgraded to contribute to resource and environmental problems.

Claims (3)

In ultralight refractory insulation materials, silicates are preferably 30% by weight to 75% by weight of sodium silicate and the remainder are 'heat-resistant particles', preferably sand, soil or mineral particles mainly composed of SiO ₂ with a particle size of 1% to 50%. Is 0.002㎛ ~ 0.01㎛ by kneading them together with water and half-dried and foamed by heating to 120 ℃ ~ 500 ℃ as the content of the silicate and the content of fine heat-resistant particles to control the strength, specific gravity and foamability suitable for the application Material. The fire-resistant insulation for building according to claim 1, wherein the paper or fabric is adhered to the surface to increase the strength and apply the construction appropriately. The fire-resistant insulating material for building according to claim 1, wherein a metal mesh having a mesh structure is inserted therein and heat-molded.