KR20030049614A - Manufacturing method of biodiesel fuel using animal fats - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A process for preparing bio-diesel oil by using animal oil is provided to simplify the working process, decrease the amount of methanol and save the manufacturing cost so that substantially optimized ecologic bio-diesel oil can be obtained. CONSTITUTION: The process for preparing bio-diesel oil starting from animal oil such as a beef tallow and pork tallow comprises the steps of: pretreating the animal oil by heating in a bath and filtrating, adding an emulsifying agent and methanol to the animal oil and heating them to 65-70 deg.C, introducing a catalyst into the heated mixture and carrying out esterification, cooling to room temperature in order to separate a bio-diesel layer and a glycerol layer, recovering the upper bio-diesel layer, and then carrying out post-treatment of the recovered bio-diesel by washing and drying.

Description

Manufacturing method of biodiesel fuel using animal fats {Manufacturing method of biodiesel fuel using animal fats}

The present invention relates to a method for producing biodiesel oil using animal oil, and in particular, a method for producing biodiesel using animal oil close to optimum conditions using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst while increasing the yield while reducing the amount of methanol. It is about.

Currently, most of the energy sources we use are fossil fuels such as oil and coal, which exposes many problems such as energy supply and demand and environmental pollution. Therefore, efforts to develop various forms of alternative energy sources have been actively made, and one of them is biofuel, which is a sustainable fuel produced from biomass, an organic material produced by living organisms.

Examples of biofuels include bioethanol, methanol, biodiesel and methane gas. Among them, biodiesel produced from fat or regeneration of animal or plant is used as fuel for transportation. Most widely used as a fuel for diesel engines.

As such prior art for manufacturing fuel oils of biodiesel, there are Korean Patent Publication Nos. 1989-0002403 and 1990-0003894, 1999-024529 and US Patent Nos. 4,363,590 and 4,608,202, and these patents are soybean oil and waste oil. , Vegetable organisms, rapeseed oil, corn oil and the like is described as a method of producing the raw material, but they have the disadvantage of low production rate and low combustion rate. In particular, vegetable biodiesel has a disadvantage that it is not easy to control the viscosity because one of the very important factors for use as a diesel fuel of the internal combustion engine is more than 10 times higher than the conventional diesel oil.

Therefore, the present invention uses animal oils such as Uji or pork paper discarded in slaughterhouses or restaurants, while reducing the amount of methanol to increase the yield, and using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst to obtain biodiesel close to optimum conditions. It is to provide.

1-process chart of the present invention biodiesel oil.

2 is a graph showing the yield of biodiesel according to the type of emulsifier when the initial molar ratio of tallow and methanol in the present invention is 1: 6.

3 is a graph showing the yield of biodiesel according to the type of emulsifier when the initial molar ratio of tallow and methanol in the present invention is 1: 5.

4 is a graph showing the yield of biodiesel according to the type of emulsifier when the initial molar ratio of tallow and methanol in the present invention is 1: 4.

5 is a graph showing the yield of biodiesel according to the addition of the emulsifier when the molar ratio of Uji and methanol in the present invention is 1.4 ~ 1: 6.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the yield of biodiesel according to emulsifier concentration in esterifying a 1: 4 molar ratio of tallow and methyl alcohol in the present invention. FIG.

7-bar graph showing the yield of biodiesel during esterification of mixed raw materials of lard, tallow and lard in the present invention.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The method for producing biodiesel oil of the present invention comprises the steps of pretreatment of animal oils such as tallow and lard by bath and filtration, and the addition of an emulsifier and methanol to the animal oil, followed by heating to a temperature of 65-70 ° C. Adding a catalyst and performing a trans ester reaction for 30 to 60 minutes, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is completed, separating the mixed solution into biodiesel and glycerol, recovering only the biodiesel of the upper layer, and recovering The processed biodiesel is post-treated by washing and drying.

Fatty acid composition and properties of the biodiesel are as shown in Table 1.

When the transester main reactant methanol and an emulsifier and a catalyst are added to the animal oil and heated, the transesterification of the animal oil proceeds. The transesterification mechanism of the present invention is as follows.

That is, the basic structure of the animal oil is triglyceride, and when methanol and a catalyst are added to the structure, the transesterification occurs, and the triglyceride structure is broken, so that the biodiesel is produced. The reaction scheme is represented by the following formula.

As described above, in the preparation of the biodiesel oil of the present invention, the reactants produced by the conventional vegetable oil are liquid and liquid in both the upper and lower layers, but the interface is somewhat unclear, whereas the animal oil has a room temperature after transesterification unlike the vegetable oil. When it is cooled by (常溫), it is clearly separated into two layers. The upper layer forms liquid biodiesel, and the lower layer forms solid unreacted fatty acid and byproduct glycerol.

Thus, animal oil has much easier recovery of biodiesel formed in the rise because the reactants are clearly divided in the liquid and solid phases compared to vegetable oils.

However, since animal oil has a much higher melting point than vegetable oil, the transesterification becomes inactive. Therefore, in the present invention, by adding an emulsifier to promote the interfacial stability of the animal oil and to mix well to increase the reaction yield, the added emulsifier is Triton X-100 produced by Duksan Co., Ltd. Pluronic A210G, plysulf L92 and Tween 60 are used.

At this time, the amount of the emulsifier added was 0.05 to 5% by weight of the total weight is appropriate, and the biodiesel yield is the most preferable when the amount is 0.5% among them. Less than 0.05% by weight of the reaction was hardly achieved, and more than 5% by weight of the efficiency does not increase any more, so that further addition is meaningless.

As such, in the present invention, the emulsifier is added to animal oil which is not active in transesterification, so that the conventional mixing ratio of vegetable oil and methanol is usually 1: 6. The diesel yield can be obtained, thus saving the cost of biodiesel recovery.

Sodium hydroxide was used as a catalyst for the trans ester reaction.

In addition, the present invention can further recover the methanol after stopping the trans ester reaction, and may further include a step of adding this to the production process of biodiesel oil as a trans ester main reactant.

Viscosity measurement results of the biodiesel produced according to the molar ratio of the tallow and methanol are shown in Table 2 below (measurement temperature 30 ℃).

Referring to the production method of the present invention biodiesel oil in detail as follows.

Example 1

In the present invention, the collected fat and pulp, that is, animal oil is put in a water bath and water bath to make a liquid (液狀) and filtered to remove impurities, and then the animal oil (1 mol = 857 g) in the reactor and The ratio of methanol (1 mol = 32 g) is mixed in a molar ratio of 1: 6 and added. At this time, 0.8 wt% of sodium hydroxide was added to the wt% of the animal oil as a reaction catalyst, and then transesterified for 1 hour at a temperature of 65 ° C. At this time, the heating temperature is suitable at 60 ~ 70 ℃, and below 60 ℃, the Uji and methanol are not mixed well and the Uji is not melted.The temperature above 70 ℃ can change the reactant due to too high temperature and the fuel consumption is higher than the efficiency. It is because it is uneconomical.

In addition, the trans ester reaction time is preferably 30 to 60 minutes, since the proper amount of biodiesel has not been produced until 30 minutes before, since 60 minutes has sufficient yield to obtain a disadvantage of fuel consumption.

Therefore, in Example 1, 61% of the biodiesel could be recovered until the reaction was stopped after the trans ester reaction.

The liquid biodiesel formed on the solid glycerol layer is subjected to washing and drying, that is, after-treatment. First, the biodiesel is recovered in a liquid state, and the by-products generated by the reaction, that is, monoglyceride and diglyceride It goes through a washing process to remove the residues. In the washing step, when the biodiesel is mixed with distilled water at about 50 ° C., the residues are mixed with water, and only low-density biodiesel is floated on the water, so that the biodiesel is classified and the biodiesel is recovered.

The biodiesel recovered as described above is subjected to a drying process in which the mixed water is removed by a drying apparatus in the washing process to obtain complete biodiesel oil.

Example 2

In order to increase the production yield of biodiesel in the present invention, 0.5% of an emulsifier was added to the mixture of animal oil and methanol mixed in the molar ratio of 1: 6. In Example 2, unlike Example 1, the product was produced immediately after the reaction, but biodiesel was recovered within the range of 57% to 64% depending on the type of emulsifier during the 1 hour reaction.

Example 3

After mixing the animal oil and methanol mixture in a 1: 5 molar ratio, 0.5% emulsifier was added to the mixture of animal oil and methanol. At this time, biodiesel was recovered in the range of 53% to 61% depending on the type of emulsifier.

Example 4

After mixing the animal oil and methanol mixture in a 1: 4 molar ratio, 0.5% of an emulsifier was added to the mixture of animal oil and methanol. Biodiesel was recovered within the range of 50.5% to 79% depending on the type of emulsifier.

Example 5

Animal oil and methanol mixture was mixed in a 1: 4 molar ratio, and then experiments were performed according to the amount of tritonX-100, an emulsifier. Depending on the amount, biodiesel was recovered in a yield range of 42% to 79%.

Example 6

The viscosity of the biodiesel recovered by the above example was measured at 30 ° C. While the viscosity of the conventional diesel is 4 cps, the viscosity of the present invention biodiesel in the case of Examples 3 and 4 is 5.5 cps, which is similar to that of the existing diesel.

As such, the present invention provides a highly simplified and economical manufacturing process of biodiesel by using animal oil having a preliminary easy treatment and a clearly distinguished interface, compared to a conventional biodiesel production process using vegetable oil as a raw material. In addition, by using animal oil of high viscosity as a raw material for biodiesel, but by using emulsifiers, it is possible to produce biodiesel with high economic efficiency by minimizing the amount of methanol and minimizing the recovery cost of biodiesel. It is a very useful invention that can obtain a viscosity of about close proximity.

Claims (4)

In the biodiesel oil production method using animal oil such as tallow or lard, the process of pretreatment of the animal oil by bath and filtration, and the addition of emulsifier and methanol to the animal oil is heated to a temperature of 65 ~ 70 ℃ And, after heating, the catalyst is added to the mixed solution for a trans ester reaction for 30 to 60 minutes, and the reaction is cooled to room temperature after the reaction so that the mixture is separated into biodiesel and glycerol layer, and only the biodiesel of the upper layer A method for producing biodiesel oil using animal oil, characterized in that for recovering, and to prepare the recovered biodiesel by a post-treatment process by washing and drying. The method of claim 1, wherein the animal oil and methanol are mixed in a 1: 4 molar ratio. The method of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is configured to be added in an amount of 0.05 to 5% by weight of the total weight. [Claim 2] The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is sodium hydroxide.