KR20030040789A - Closed transplant production apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A closed typed apparatus for mass-producing a seedling which is excellent in suitability for variations in a culturing environment and has uniform quality in a closed space containing an optimum environmental condition is provided. Therefore, the apparatus can control various conditions containing a temperature, a relative humidity, rays of light, air flow speed, a CO2 concentration, etc. and enables healthy seedling to be grown in an optimum growing condition. CONSTITUTION: A closed typed apparatus comprises: a wall body(10) for forming a closed space with a bottom plate(18) containing a drain groove(18a); a ventilating unit for forming air circulating passage in the interior and exterior of a cultivating space containing a duct(12) and a porous plate(14)(15); a shelf(20) having a movable construction while maintaining a plant seedling in a laminated state of a multistage; a light source placed at the upper part of each layer at the shelf; an air conditioning unit containing an air conditioner(40), an air blower(42) and a humidifier(50); and a controller(60) for controlling the output power of the air conditioning unit.

Description

Closed transplant production apparatus

The present invention relates to a closed seedling production apparatus, and more particularly, to excellent quality seedlings having a good seedling quality while being excellent in adaptability to changes in the cultivation environment in a confined space equipped with optimal environmental conditions such as artificial light, humidification, and air flow. It relates to a closed seedling production apparatus that can be produced in large quantities.

Conventionally, seedling production is carried out under the natural light environmental conditions in the greenhouse, but the environment in the greenhouse fluctuates from time to time according to the change in the external environment, so the growth and quality of the seedling is uneven, so the planned production of the seedling is impossible.

As a result, there are attempts to produce seedlings in plant growth using artificial light, but not only the cultivation room is narrow, the accuracy of control of relative humidity is low, and the airflow speed control for uniform temperature and relative humidity distribution is insufficient. There is no limit to mass production. In particular, the lack of accuracy in environmental control, such as relative humidity, light, air velocity, and temperature, during the acclimation or cultivation of cultivated seedlings, causes the seedlings to be killed or painted, which degrades seedling quality.

In addition, the use of a steel sheet rather than a heat insulator as a wall on plant growth has caused a large heat loss, which reduces the reliability of environmental control and increases the production cost, which makes it difficult to obtain price competitiveness.

To reduce the resources and energy used in the mass production of plant seedlings, and to reduce the cost of production by virtue of the production of seedlings in a fully controlled environment, it is possible to produce seedlings in a fully controlled environment, contributing to the improvement of seedling quality rather than producing seedlings under natural light conditions such as greenhouses The development of closed seedling production apparatus is urgently needed.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to focus on the above point, in a large amount of fine seedlings with uniform seedling quality while excellent adaptability to the cultivation environment changes in a confined space equipped with optimal environmental conditions such as artificial light, humidification, air flow Provide a closed seedling production apparatus that can be produced.

It is still another object of the present invention to establish optimum environmental conditions for mass production of blue seedlings through comparative experiments.

1 is a schematic view showing a device according to the invention,

2 is a block diagram showing the main portion of the shelf in the device according to the invention,

3 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a light source arrangement according to the present invention;

4 is a configuration diagram showing another example of a light source arrangement according to the present invention;

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

10: wall 12: duct

14, 15: perforated plate 16: curved plate

18: bottom plate 20: shelf

22: lighting die 24: seedling die

30: light source 40: air conditioner

50: humidifier 60: controller

In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides a wall 10 having a sealed space with a bottom plate 18 having a steel plate filled with a heat insulating material and a drainage groove 18a; Ventilation means for forming a cultivation space by the duct 12 and the porous plate 14, 15 inward from the wall (10) to form a flow path for air circulation into and out of the cultivation space; Shelf 20 is formed in a structure that is movable while maintaining the plant seed in a multi-stacked state in the cultivation space; A light source 30 provided at an upper end of each layer in the shelf 20; Air conditioning means including an air conditioner (40), a blower (42), an outdoor unit (44), and a humidifier (50) in and out of the wall (10); And it characterized in that it comprises a controller 60 for adjusting the output to the air conditioning means to maintain the temperature and humidity and air flow of the cultivation space at the set value.

At this time, the ventilation means is used for the upstream porous plate 14 to decrease the pore ratio downward, and the downstream porous plate 15 for increasing the pore ratio downward.

In addition, the plurality of lighting dies 22 in which the light source 30 is installed in the shelf 20 are fixed to the support 21, and the seedling dies 24 located below the lighting dies 22 are multistage. 23) is mounted to be adjustable height.

Moreover, as an aspect of the said light source 30, it is an average of 84.1 +/- 25.1 micromol * m <^-2> s <^-> at a point 8.5 cm apart by the 40W fluorescent lamp 32 arrange | positioned laterally and the 20W fluorescent lamp 34 arrange | positioned at both ends. ¹ keep the photosynthetically active photon in the and, 13.5cm in average 560 ± 49μmol position apart by a 55W fluorescent lamp (36) disposed in the longitudinal as other types of light source 30 and m ^-2 s ^-1 and photosynthetically active photon of Keep up the inside.

The closed seedling production device is implemented by the device of the present invention. This is a closed system surrounded by insulation to prevent natural light from being transmitted in order to achieve energy saving, resource saving, and vitality in mass production of fine seedlings with uniform seedling quality.The exchange of air, water, and heat inside and outside the system is basically performed. The seedlings can be produced in a space where the environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, light, air velocity and CO ₂ concentration are completely controlled.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

1 shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to the invention. According to the present invention, a bottom plate 18 having a steel plate and a drainage groove 18a filled with a heat insulating material in the wall 10 for forming a closed space is used. In order to minimize heat loss to the outside in the closed space and to increase the device's closing degree, KS standard product filled with 100mm thick polyurethane filled with insulation (density 45kg · m ^-3 , thermal conductivity coefficient 0.02W · m ^-1) 6 surfaces of the wall 10 are constructed using K ^-1 , compressive strength 18N · cm ⁻² , and bending strength 42N · cm ⁻² . The bottom plate 18 constituting the bottom surface of the wall 10 includes a drain groove 18a for discharging moisture in the sealed space. The bottom plate 18 has a dual structure in which a perforated iron plate is covered above the drain groove 18a formed in parallel in the form of an inclined flow path. The plurality of drainage grooves 18a are connected to one point so that the collected water is discharged to one drain. Of course, the bottom plate 18 is also preferably to be filled with the heat insulating material.

In addition, according to the present invention by forming a cultivation space by the duct 12 and the porous plate 14, 15 inward from the wall 10 to the ventilation means for forming a flow path for air circulation into and out of the cultivation space Equipped. The duct 12 is installed so that air is circulated across the left and right sides and the upper portion of the system, and the perforated plates 14 and 15 are arranged in plurality in such a manner that opening ratios are different at the inlet and outlet of the duct 12. For example, four pieces are installed. The perforated plates 14 and 15 refer to a perforated steel plate, and the flow resistance and the air flow rate vary depending on the porosity ratio as in Experimental Example 2 described later. By this ventilation means, the air flow velocity (0 to 1.0 ± 0.1 m · s ^-1 ), air temperature (5 to 40 ± 0.3 ° C), and humidity (0 to 100 ± 3% RH) in the closed seedling production unit are uniform. It is possible to keep.

In addition, according to the present invention, a shelf 20 is used to maintain a plant seed in a multi-stacked state inside the cultivation space. The shelf 20 includes a pedestal, that is, a seedling die 24 (see FIG. 2), on which each tray can put a plug tray for seedlings. When the length of the shelf 20 is difficult to handle, install a separate strut in the center and separate the left and right two spaces. And the wheel 26 is installed at the bottom of the shelf 20 to be movable structure. The wheels 26 are fixed to four corners of the bottom of the shelf 20 using a caster of 30 mm in diameter.

As the main dimensions of the device according to the invention, the enclosed space by the wall 10 is 4,900 mm (W) x 4,700 mm (D) x 3,250 mm (H), and the cultivation space therein is 3,400 mm (W) x 3,200. mm (D) x 2500 mm (H), the cross section of the duct 12 is 3200 mm (W) x 650 mm (D), and the perforated plates 14 and 15 are 3,180 mm (W) x 610 mm (D). x 0.8 mm (T), the entire shelf 20 is 3,100 mm (W) x 580 mm (D) x 2,400 mm (H), and the base seedling die 24 is 1,565 mm (W) x 580 mm (D) x 1.2 mm (T). These dimensions are merely examples for determining the design dimensions of the system to be described later and may be variously modified.

Meanwhile, according to the present invention, in order to reduce the frictional resistance of the air at both ends of the duct 12 in the wall 10, the stainless steel plate of 3,400 mm (W) x 1,021 mm (D) x 0.3 mm (T) is 650 mm. The curved plate 16 formed by the radius of curvature of the is provided. Of course, if the upper edge of the wall 10 is formed into a curved surface, the curved plate 16 may be omitted.

In addition, according to the present invention, the light source 30 is provided at the upper end of each layer in the shelf 20. In some cases, a high pressure sodium lamp or a metal halide lamp may be used as the light source 30. However, since a lot of heat is generated from the lamp, the distance between the lamp and the plant is far, so that proximity lighting is not possible and the light quality is not easy to control. Therefore, the light source 30 is configured by using a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp, and the detailed configuration is referred to FIGS. 3 and 4 described later.

In addition, according to the present invention, an air conditioner having an air conditioner 40, a blower 42, an outdoor unit 44, and a humidifier 50 is mounted inside and outside the wall 10. The air conditioner 40 uses a unit cooler composed of a heater (heater) of 3 kW capacity and an evaporator of 5 HP capacity. At the downstream end of the air conditioner 40, a blower 42 with a blowing amount of 90 m ³ · min is provided. The outdoor unit 44 installed outside includes a semi-enclosed air compressor (2DL-3-2, Bitzer), a capacitor (DC3-030, DONGHWA), a receiver, a liquid separator, and the like having a 3HP capacity.

In order to complete high quality seedlings without stress during the acclimatization and grafting stages of cultured seedlings, the relative humidity in the seedling production system must be stably controlled at a high level of 90-95%. The two ultrasonic humidifiers 50 installed in the upper right duct 12 select ones having a maximum spraying quantity of about 2 L · h ⁻¹ . The humidifying particles generated from the humidifier 50 are introduced into the shelf 20 of the cultivation space through the upstream porous plate 14 at the downstream end of the duct 12 by the blower 42 attached to the air conditioner 40. Thus, the relative humidity distribution is maintained uniformly by the stable operation of the air conditioning means including the humidifier (50).

At this time, the humidifier 50 has an ultrasonic method (Ohsung Corp., HU-4200) and an electrode method (Seoul system, SBU-10). In order to compare the size distribution of the humidified particles, laser diffraction particle sizer (2600C series, Malvern) Comparative experiments are carried out using and the results are shown in Table 1.

Experimental Example 1

The average diameters of the humidified particles generated in the ultrasonic and electrode humidifiers were 7.58 ± 0.14 μm and 9.01 ± 0.06 μm, respectively. The smaller the size of the particles generated in the humidifier 50, the longer the scattering distance and the easier the floating is advantageous in terms of uniform spatial distribution of relative humidity. Therefore, it can be seen that the application of the ultrasonic humidifier is effective for the uniform relative humidity distribution in the seedling production apparatus.

Repetition Average diameter of humidified particles (μm) Ultrasonic Steam One 7.61 9.01 2 7.70 8.96 3 7.42 9.07 Average 7.58 9.01 Standard Deviation 0.14 0.06

On the other hand, when the humidifier 50 is installed on the upstream end of the duct 12, a part of the humidified particles condensate and flows or flows on the bottom surface of the duct 12, so that the humidifier 50 is connected to the duct 12. It is preferable to install in the downstream end. The bottom surface of the upstream and downstream ends of the duct 12 is provided with a drip tray for condensate recovery and communicate with the drain groove 18a of the bottom plate 18.

In addition, according to the present invention, a controller 60 is provided to adjust the output to the air conditioning means in order to maintain the above-mentioned temperature and humidity and airflow of the cultivation space at the set value. As the controller 60, one PID controller (UP750, Yokogawa) and one inverter (SV-iG5, LG) are installed to control temperature, relative humidity and airflow speed in the system. While the rotational speed of the three-phase driving motor attached to the blower 42 is controlled according to the input frequency of the inverter, the airflow speed in the apparatus is constantly controlled. In addition, the controller 60 also effectively controls environmental factors such as air temperature, relative humidity, light, and CO ₂ concentration in the system. As a result of controlling the airflow velocity based on the configuration associated with the porous plates 14 and 15 to be described later, it can be seen that a uniform distribution is obtained as shown in Table 2 of <Experimental Example 2>.

Thus, the apparatus of the present invention controls the main components together with the ventilation means such as the wall 10, the air circulation duct 12, the multi-stage shelf 20 for seedling production, the light source 30, and the air conditioning means. And a controller 60 for adjusting the air conditioning and the airflow speed to implement a complete closed seedling production apparatus.

At this time, the porous plate 14, 15 of the ventilation means according to the present invention is composed of an upstream porous plate 14, the pore ratio is reduced downward, and a downstream porous plate 15, the pore ratio increases downward. Each of the perforated plates 14 and 15 is the same in the configuration in which holes having a diameter of 10 mm are perforated such that the opening ratios are 10.05%, 14.45%, 17.01%, and 40.22%, respectively. On the other hand, considering the uniformity of air flow velocity, temperature, and relative humidity distribution in the apparatus, the upstream porous plate 14 at the inlet side of the duct 12 is 40.22%, 17.01%, 14.45%, 10.05 from top to bottom. The porosity ratio of% is arranged, and the downstream porous plate 15 on the outlet side is arranged in the order of 10.05%, 14.45%, 17.01%, 40.22% from the top to the bottom. For a comparative experiment for deriving such an arrangement, refer to <Experiment 2>.

Experimental Example 2

Set air temperature and relative humidity at 25 ℃ and 75% in closed seedling production device, and measure air flow rate, temperature and relative humidity in seedling production device with different arrangement of perforated plate (14, 15). It was. The measuring points are three points near the left and right walls (0.4m away from the wall) and in the center and three points in the vertical direction of each site, i.e., 0.4 m (bottom), 1.25 m (center), respectively, from the bottom in the seedling production apparatus, It is a point corresponding to 2.1m (upper), and there are nine points in total.

In Table 2, A, B, and C are the arrangement states of the porous plates 14 and 15, in which arrangement A is the case of the present invention described above, and arrangement B represents a porosity ratio of the porous plates 14 and 15 by 20.4%. In the same manner, the arrangement C is a case in which the same porous plates 14 and 15 as the arrangement A are arranged at opposite pore ratios. Experimental results showed that the uniformity of air flow velocity, temperature, and relative humidity distribution was very high for Array A. Of course, the A, B, and C arrays using the porous plates 14 and 15 can be seen to have a uniform distribution of airflow velocity, temperature, and relative humidity as compared with the case where no installation is performed at all.

Array type and location Air velocity (m · s ^-1 ) Temperature (℃) Humidity (%) When the Perforated Plate is Installed A Top 0.18 ± 0.02 25.3 ± 0.2 74.1 ± 3.9 center 0.19 ± 0.09 25.0 ± 0.3 75.2 ± 2.3 bottom 0.16 ± 0.05 25.1 ± 0.1 78.1 ± 3.4 B Top 0.13 ± 0.02 25.4 ± 0.2 73.7 ± 3.5 center 0.29 ± 0.07 25.6 ± 0.3 75.6 ± 2.9 bottom 0.37 ± 0.10 25.2 ± 0.1 80.3 ± 3.8 C Top 0.11 ± 0.04 25.7 ± 0.4 76.3 ± 3.1 center 0.29 ± 0.08 25.3 ± 0.4 80.1 ± 3.9 bottom 0.51 ± 0.11 24.9 ± 0.1 85.3 ± 4.2 If no perforated plate is installed Top 0.15 ± 0.03 25.9 ± 0.7 76.8 ± 4.8 center 0.36 ± 0.13 25.4 ± 0.4 81.1 ± 3.4 bottom 0.68 ± 0.15 25.1 ± 0.3 89.1 ± 2.8

Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the main portion of the shelf in the device according to the invention. The plurality of lighting dies 22, in which the light source 30 is installed in the shelf 20, are fixed to the support 21, and the seedling dies 24 positioned below the lighting dies 22 are multi-stage 23. It is mounted to be adjustable in height. The strut 21 uses a square stainless pipe having a length of 30 mm on one side to prevent corrosion. The shelf 20 composed of 3 to 4 stages each maintains a step so as to obtain different photosynthetic effective quantitative fluxes depending on the type of plant seedlings, plant height and growth stage on the surface of each stage. For example, when the shelf 20 is configured in three stages, the height of each stage may be set to 400 mm, 700 mm, and 1,180 mm.

At this time, according to the present invention, by installing the multi-stage jaw 23 at the height interval of 10 cm on the left and right sides of the support 21 and mounting the seedling die 24, the appropriate photosynthetic effective photon as necessary at each end of the shelf 20. Get the inside. In order to raise the actual index on the surface of the seedling seedling 24, the light source 30 is installed by interposing the reflecting plate 25 of the highly polished stainless steel material in the illumination die 22.

3 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a light source arrangement according to the present invention, which is averaged at a point 8.5 cm away from the light source 30 by a 40W fluorescent lamp 32 arranged laterally and a 20W fluorescent lamp 34 arranged at both ends thereof. A photosynthetic effective photon flux of 84.1 ± 25.1 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ is maintained. The three-wavelength fluorescent lamp 32 with a power consumption of 40 W is arranged with four KLR products, FLR40EX-D / A or equivalent. 3 wavelengths with 20W power consumption at 8.5cm away from both ends of the 40W fluorescent lamp 32 in order to improve the lowering of the photon flux at both ends of the 40W fluorescent lamp 32 to obtain a uniform photon flux at each end surface. One fluorescent lamp 34 is provided. The 20W fluorescent lamp 34 uses Kumho Electric's product name FL20SEX-D / 18 or equivalent.

Fig. 4 is a configuration diagram showing another example of the light source arrangement according to the present invention, which is averaged at 560 ± 49 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ at a point 13.5 cm away from the light source 30 by a 55W fluorescent lamp 36 arranged vertically. Maintains the photosynthetic effective light flux of The 55W fluorescent lamp 36 is a three-wavelength dual fluorescent lamp, which is equipped with OSRAM's product name DULUXL55W / 21-840 or 15 equivalents at 10 cm intervals.

3 is a configuration for applying to the middle abnormal layer of the shelf 20, Figure 4 is a configuration for applying to the middle lower layer of the shelf 20, respectively, as in the following <Experimental Example 3> and <Experimental Example 4> This is demonstrated by experiments of photosynthetic effective photon flux with distance from

Experimental Example 3

Photosynthesis measured at 15 points (A1 to 3, B1 to 3, C1 to 3, D1 to 3, E1 to 3) depending on whether or not the 20 W fluorescent lamp 34 was installed as shown in FIG. The average value of the effective photon flux is shown in Table 3.

Vertical distance from the light source (cm) Photosynthetic effective photon flux (μmolm ^-2 ㆍ s ^-1 ) Fluorescent Tube 40W + 20W Fluorescent tube 40W 8.513.518.523.528.533.5 84.1 ± 25.165.4 ± 17.958.3 ± 15.342.9 ± 16.439.6 ± 12.228.3 ± 9.5 65.9 ± 42.442.4 ± 29.334.3 ± 20.823.7 ± 15.127.0 ± 16.019.1 ± 9.5

Experimental Example 4

Table 4 shows the average value of the photosynthetic effective photon flux measured at nine points (A1 to 3, B1 to 3, and C1 to 3) after arranging the 55 W fluorescent lamp 36 as shown in FIG.

Vertical distance from the light source (cm) Photosynthetic effective photon flux (μmolm ^-2 ㆍ s ^-1 ) 13.518.523.528.533.538.543.548.553.558.563.568.573.578.583.5 560 ± 49447 ± 72399 ± 34333 ± 34320 ± 19283 ± 22244 ± 16219 ± 24194 ± 17164 ± 14150 ± 8128 ± 12118 ± 3108 ± 5101 ± 5

It is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, and that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, such modifications or variations will have to belong to the claims of the present invention.

According to the above configuration and operation, the present invention can completely control microclimate elements such as air temperature, relative humidity, light, air flow rate, CO ₂ concentration, etc. in the closed seedling production apparatus. By suppressing excessive evapotranspiration in the seedling stage, healthy seedlings can be produced under optimal environmental conditions without being killed.

In addition, in the closed seedling production apparatus, multi-stage cultivation and close lighting using the shelf can be utilized to maximize the cultivation space, and it is possible to mass-produce fine seedlings with uniform seedling quality with little energy input.

In addition, in the closed seedling production apparatus, it is possible to control plant growth and light morphogenesis by light environment control such as light quantity, light quality, photoperiod, light irradiation direction, and so on.

In addition, when the seedling material is produced and formulated with a uniform seedlings, the input of pesticides, fertilizers, etc. during the cultivation process is reduced, thereby preventing the environmental pollution while increasing the yield.

Claims (5)

In the apparatus for producing plant seedlings: A wall 10 having a sealed space with a bottom plate 18 having a steel plate filled with a heat insulating material and a drain groove 18a; Ventilation means for forming a cultivation space by the duct 12 and the porous plate 14, 15 inward from the wall (10) to form a flow path for air circulation into and out of the cultivation space; Shelf 20 is formed in a structure that is movable while maintaining the plant seed in a multi-stacked state in the cultivation space; A light source 30 provided at an upper end of each layer in the shelf 20; Air conditioning means including an air conditioner (40), a blower (42), an outdoor unit (44), and a humidifier (50) in and out of the wall (10); And And a controller (60) for adjusting the output to the air conditioning means to maintain the temperature and humidity of the cultivation space and the air flow at the set value. The method of claim 1, Closed seedling production apparatus, characterized in that the ventilation means is used upstream porous plate 14 to decrease the pore ratio downward, and downstream porous plate 15 to increase the pore ratio downward. The method of claim 1, The plurality of lighting dies 22 in which the light source 30 is installed in the shelf 20 are fixed to the support 21, and the seedling dies 24 positioned below each of the lighting dies 22 are multistage jaws 23. Closed seedling production apparatus characterized in that the height adjustable by using). The method of claim 1, The light source 30 has a photosynthetic effective photon having an average of 84.1 ± 25.1 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ at a point 8.5 cm apart from the 40 W fluorescent lamp 32 arranged laterally and the 20 W fluorescent lamp 34 arranged at both ends thereof. Closed seedling production apparatus characterized in that the inside is maintained. The method of claim 1, The light source 30 is a closed seedling production, characterized in that to maintain a photosynthetic effective light flux of an average of 560 ± 49μmol · m ^-2 · s ^-1 at a point 13.5cm away by a 55W fluorescent lamp 36 arranged in the longitudinal Device.