KR20020095219A - Dowel-shaped element for determining spatial position, especially that of an implant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a dowel-shaped element for determining the spatial position of an implant (1). The inventive element can be inserted to an adapted receiving recess (10) in the implant (1), fixed therein and removed therefrom. In an assembly position, a collar section (26K) of the dowel-shaped element protrudes above the opening cross-section of the receiving recess (10). In order to determine the correct position of the dowel-shaped element in relation to the implant (1) in a simple and reliable manner without the need for an x- ray, the dowel-shaped element is provided with a through opening which extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis thereof, enabling a rod element (32) to be fed therethrough. The rod element can be brought into contact,by means of a distal stopping surface (36), with a stopping surface (37) on the bottom of the receiving recess (10) of the implant.

Description

Post-shaped element for determining the spatial position of the implant {DOWEL-SHAPED ELEMENT FOR DETERMINING SPATIAL POSITION, ESPECIALLY THAT OF AN IMPLANT}

In the field of dentistry such a post-shaped element is called an impression post, whereby the position and orientation of the dental implant previously introduced into the jawbone, for example, is determined. For that purpose, the post-shaped element is inserted into the hole of the implant which functions as an accommodating recess by means of its lower part formed as an accommodating section, in which it is fixed in a screw pocket hole inside the implant, for example by an axial straight screw. The collar section protruding beyond the open cross section of the implant at such a mating position of the post-shaped element typically has a number of holdings to achieve as close a shape bond as possible between the collar section and the hardenable impression material. do.

With the help of an impression spoon, the space around the impression post and adjacent teeth is filled by an impression material which can be plastically molded initially, thereby filling the tooth and impression post in the form of a negative form. Coping is seen.

The impression spoon has a recess in the area assigned to the proximal end of the collar section of the impression post so that after the hardening of the impression material the screw that secures the impression material can be turned back. By releasing the fixation of the post-shaped element to the implant again, the post-shaped element embedded in the impression material in the form binding can be removed from the jaw together with the impression material.

The disadvantage of such known post-shaped elements has been found to be that their correct position with respect to the implant cannot be identified immediately upon insertion and before shaping the bone. That is, there is a lot of possibility that, for example, the tissue adjacent to the implant is sandwiched between the contact posts of the impression post and the implant which are in contact with each other when correctly positioned so that the impression post and the implant cannot reach the correct position relative to each other. In this case, the position of the impression post is held by the impression, and the position of the implant will be wrongly estimated.

In order to prevent such a lack of reliability, the correct position of the impression posts is controlled by X-ray imaging after the impression posts have been secured in the implant and before the bone has yet been boned. Such X-rays, on the one hand, increase the time spent on assembly, increasing the cost of this type of implant system, and on the other hand, placing the burden of radiation on the patient to minimize as much as possible according to current perceptions. .

The present invention provides a dowel-shaped element for determining the spatial position of an implant or its surrounding tissue structure of an open cross section of an artificial cavity in a tooth or supporting tissue of a human or animal body, the implant or It can be put into a corresponding receiving recess in the artificial cavity and can be secured in a non-twisted manner and can be removed again from it and the opening cross section of the receiving recess or artificial cavity by the collar section in the mating position. A post-shaped element protrudes beyond.

Hereinafter, the post-shaped element according to the present invention will be described in more detail based on the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings. Among the accompanying drawings,

1 is a cross sectional view of an implant with the closure cap clipped;

2 is a top view of the closure cap;

3 is a plan view of the implant after the closure cap is removed;

4 is a cross-sectional view along line IV-IV of the implant according to FIG. 1;

5 is a cross sectional view along line V-V of the implant according to FIG. 1;

6 is a partially enlarged view of the engagement zone of the clip element;

7 is a cross sectional view of an implant with a two-part impression post clipped;

7a is a plan view of the top of the impression post according to FIG. 7;

FIG. 8 is similar to FIG. 7 but with a cross sectional view of a laboratory implant;

FIG. 9 is similar to FIG. 7 but with a sectional view of the unitary impression post;

FIG. 10 is similar to FIG. 9 but with a cross-sectional view of a laboratory implant.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to post-determine the spatial position of an implant, which allows a simple and reliable confirmation of the correct position of the post-shaped element relative to the implant before the process of shaping, without the aid of X-ray radiation. To provide an element.

Such an object starts with a post-shaped element of the type presupposed at the outset, and according to the invention has a through opening through which the post-shaped element extends in the direction of its longitudinal axis and allows the rod element to pass, and the rod element is distal ( distal) by contacting the contact surface 37 on the bottom of the receiving recess of the implant.

By introducing the rod element into the corresponding through opening, it is possible to simply check whether the post-shaped element occupies the correct position with respect to the implant. The rod element, which is preferably formed longer than the through opening, is introduced into the through opening until its distal contact surface contacts the contact surface on the bottom of the receiving recess of the implant. Since the length of the through opening through the post-shaped element is known, it is possible to determine whether the post-shaped element is in the correct position according to the length of the rod element accommodated in the through-opening. That is, if the rod element is inserted into the through opening deeper than it corresponds to the correct position of the post-shaped element, one can infer that the post-shaped element is still far from the implant due to some circumstances, for example post-shaped It can be assumed that the tissue is sandwiched between the element and the implant.

In other words, the post-shaped element according to the present invention enables control of the correct position of the post-shaped element with only optical or mechanical assistance means. Controlling the position of the post-shaped element by X-ray imaging can be completely omitted, thereby reducing the cost and radiation burden on the patient.

According to the configuration of the present invention, the through opening and the receiving recess are arranged to extend coaxially with each other.

It is also preferred that the rod element can be introduced into the cross-sectional pocketed opening at the bottom of the receiving recess by its distal end section. In that case, the rod element imparts stability to the "post-type element / implant" coupling so that in some circumstances it may be possible to omit any further fixing during the molding process.

The introduction of the post-shaped element is facilitated when the pocket-shaped opening is slightly expanded in the region of its inlet cross section and / or when the diameter of the rod element is slightly diminished in its distal end section.

The position of the rod element is found simply by allowing the proximal end face of the post-shaped element to extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod element.

In addition, the rod element may be marked with a marker that is fully locked into the through-hole or immediately above the open cross-section of the through-hole when the post-shaped element is correctly positioned relative to the implant and the contact surfaces of the rod element and the implant are in contact with each other. It is provided on the outer skin surface.

A preferred very preferred use of the post-shaped element according to the invention is that it serves as an impression post for determining the orientation of the dental implant.

1 to 5, a titanium implant 1 can be seen in which the basic shape is approximately conical and has an external thread 2 on its outer skin surface; Such implant 1 has a proximal end 4 formed by a rounded distal end 3 and an approximately annular end face 5. The implant 1 has a cylindrical shape with a high gloss polished epidermal surface 7 in a section 6 adjacent the end face 5. In the subsequent threaded section 8, the implant 1 is formed conical. Starting from the end face 5, an accommodating recess 10 extends parallel to the longitudinal axis 9 of the implant 1, which accommodating recess 10 is the full length of the section 6 and the screw. It extends over the partial length of section 8.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the cross section of the receiving recess 10 in the region of the section 6 consistently takes the form of a chamfered rectangle. The cross section of the receiving recess 10 is continuously tapered starting from the screw section 8 so that the bottom 11 of the recess 10 shows a square with a chamfered cross section (see FIG. 5). The transition from the chamfered rectangular cross sectional shape to the chamfered square cross sectional shape is continuous and not abrupt.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the wall 12 of the receiving recess 10 has a plurality of annular grooves 13 oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 9. The wall 12 also has upper and lower annular grooves 14o, 14u, the function of which will be described later.

The implant 1 shown in FIG. 1 is inserted with a closing cap 15 consisting of a generally cylindrical head 16 and a coupling pin 17 oriented coaxially with and extending into the receiving recess 10. do. The contact face 18 of the head 16 is in contact with the end face 5 of the implant 1 in the form of frictional binding.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the engagement pin 17 exhibits an approximately rectangular cross section in the upper section, the corner area of which the engagement pin 17 and the receiving lid in the chamfered area of the cross section of the receiving recess 10. Four exhaust channels 19a are cut between the walls 12 of the recess 10. Thus, when the engagement pin 17 is inserted into the receiving recess 10, air can be pushed out and taken out upward without pressure build-up, which interferes with the assembly process, and the air is pushed out of the end face 5 of the implant. It can be provided to the outside through the four exhaust grooves (19b) extending radially outward.

In the state where the closing cap 15 is assembled, the outer skin face of the coupling pin 17 and the wall 12 and the end face 5 and the contact face 18 of the receiving recess 17 are brought into contact with each other by frictional engagement. .

The closure cap 15 stays in the implant 1 only temporarily after implantation, so it is only engaged with the implant 1 by four clip elements 20 that engage the annular groove 14o. Instead of engaging the clip element 20 with the upper annular groove 14o as shown in FIG. 1, it is also possible to engage the lower groove 14u when the engagement pin 17 is of a corresponding length.

The closing cap 15 has already been inserted into the implant by the manufacturer of the implant 1, on the one hand, after making the corresponding hole in the jawbone, the screw 1 engaging the slit 21 shown in FIG. 2. ) To rotate the Based on the cross section of the engagement pin 17 and the cross section of the receiving recess 10 fitted therein, the torque can be transmitted to the implant 1 via the closing cap 15. After implantation, the closing cap 15 stays in the implant 1 and on the other hand protects the receiving recess 10 from foreign contaminants.

After the implant 1 is inserted into the jawbone, the occlusion is completed after about 3 to 6 months until the mucosa covering the closing cap 15 can be opened again by the second procedure. The closing cap 15 is removed for this purpose by engaging the pliers with the V-shaped annular groove 22 of the head 16 so that the entire closing cap 15 is upwardly along the axial direction by a light pull. It will be removed from the implant. Now, the coupling pin 17 of the so-called gingiva former, which is not shown in the figure, is inserted into the receiving recess 10 of the implant 1. The fixing principle of the gingival former is the same as that in the closing cap.

Impressions of dentures are made to allow the dentures to be anchored to the implant 1 to fit the jawbone model outside the patient's mouth. For that purpose, a post-shaped element in the form of the impression post 23 shown in FIG. 7 is inserted into the receiving recess 10 of the implant 1. Such an impression post 23 consists of a lower part 24 which can be fixed by four clip elements 20 and an upper part 25 which can be inserted into the lower part 24 without twisting. The collar section 26K of the upper portion 25 protrudes beyond the open cross section of the receiving recess 10, which collar section 26K itself consists of four cuboid bodies 27.1 to 27.4. The lowest body 27.1 has a conical end section 28 that is elliptical in cross section, the end section 28 engaging a recess 29 complementary to the lower part 24 of the impression post 23. All. The lower part 24 is of the same length as the receiving section 26A of the implant 1 and terminates at the same height as the end face 5 of the implant 1 as its upper edge. The recess 29 extends directly from the height of the end face 5 and has an open cross section which is slightly smaller than the open cross section of the receiving recess 10 in the implant 1 itself.

As can be seen from the plan view of the upper part of the impression post 23 according to FIG. 7A, the rectangular parallelepiped bodies 27.1 to 27.4 with a rectangular horizontal cross section are alternately twisted by 90 °. That is, they are stacked and arranged in a cross shape.

The lowermost body 27.1 of the top 25 of the impression post 23 is in contact with the end face 5 of the implant 1 by an annular contact surface 30, which brings the impression post 23 into the implant 1. After the impression posts 23 are manufactured by injection molding technology to secure them in place, a thin annular adhesive ring 31 is attached to the contact surface 30, which is lightly wound after the patterning. It can be detached again from the end face 5 of the implant 1 by pulling.

Starting from the engagement position shown in FIG. 7, the top 25 of the impression post 23 is surrounded by an impression material that is fluid and can be cured. After the impression material has cured, the impression post 23 can no longer be removed from the impression material without breaking the bonds by shape binding in the region of the top 25 of the impression post 23. Rather, the impression spoon containing the impression material therein is removed together with the impression post 23, in which case the adhesive bond in the form of an adhesive ring 31 is released by a light tug. Based on the conical engagement of an elliptical cross section between the top 25 and the bottom 24 of the impression post 23, the top 24 is left behind or preferentially left behind the implant 1 in several directions. Can be removed linearly). The limitation of the possible direction of movement is due to the epidermal surface of the cone of the end section 28 or the complementary recess 29 if the streamlined epidermal surface virtually extends out beyond the end face 5 of the implant 1. Is determined. Based on the special combination of the lower part 24 and the upper part 25, the upper part 25 is stressed even when the longitudinal axis of the implant 1 represents a not inclined position compared to the adjacent teeth. It can be removed from the mouth without receiving and without applying force to the impression material.

The impression post 23 shown in FIG. 7 has a straight through opening arranged in the center, into which a rod element 32 fitted is inserted. The rod element 32 extending through all the bodies 27.1 to 27.4 enters by means of its distal end section 33 into a corresponding pocketed opening 34 in the bottom 35 of the receiving recess 29. For that purpose, rod element 32 facilitates the introduction movement by slightly diminishing its diameter in its distal end section. The through opening for the rod element 32 also extends through the end section 28 and the bottom 24 of the cylindrical body 27.1.

By means of such a rod element 32, the correct positioning of the impression post 23 on the one hand can be controlled, in particular for which the contact face 30 of the body 27.1 is adapted for the end section 5 of the implant 1. The mark 32a, which is submerged in the through opening of the uppermost body 27.4 when it is correctly in contact with it, is thus controlled when provided in the proximal end section of the rod element 32. Optionally, the mark may be pasted to just enter the through opening in the state described above.

Another advantage of the rod element 32 is believed to be that the impression post 23 ′ achieves greater stability. In particular, it is prevented that the upper portion 25 'of the impression post 23' can be moved relative to the lower portion 24 'in the process of shaping, for example, by the force action of the impression material.

The correct positioning of the rod element 32 is crucial: the distal end section engages in a corresponding pocketed opening 34 in the bottom 35 of the receiving recess 10, in particular the distal contact of the rod element 32. The face 36 is engaged in such a manner as to contact the contact face 37 at the bottom of the pocket opening 34.

8 shows that the receiving recess 10 has an upper portion 25 of the impression post 23 in a laboratory implant 1L that matches that of the implant 1. The lowest cuboid body 27.5 is in contact with the end face 51 of the implant for the laboratory. The rod element 32 makes it possible to fix the impression post 23 in the laboratory implant 1L even without the lower portion 24 of the impression post 23.

In addition, the rod element 32 enters into the hole 34 in the bottom 35 of the receiving recess 10 by its distal end 33. Thereby, the correct engagement position between the laboratory implant 1L and the impression post 23 is ensured.

FIG. 9 shows an optional impression post 23 ′ which is integrally constructed and can be secured in an annular groove 1 in the implant 1 by a clip element 20 at its distal end. On the basis of the integration of the impression post 23 ', the impression post 23' can only be removed in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the implant 1 or its receiving recess 10 approximately. Such removal is accomplished by light tugging to overcome the shape binding of the clip engagement.

Such an impression post 23 'also has a through opening at its center, in which the distal end section 36 of the rod element 32 abuts against the corresponding contact surface of the bottom of the pocket opening 34. 32 is introduced. As such, it can be controlled that the impression post is correctly seated on the end face 5 of the implant 1 without the need for X-ray imaging prior to fabrication of the impression.

Finally, FIG. 10 shows how the impression post 23 'is inserted into the laboratory implant 1L after being fully modeled. In that case too, fastening by the clip element 20 and the rod element 32 is achieved.

Claims (7)

As a post-shaped element for determining the spatial position with respect to the implant (1) or the surrounding tissue structure of the open cross section of the artificial cavity in the teeth or supporting tissue of the human or animal body, the implant (1) or by the receiving section (26A) Can be encased in and fitted into the corresponding recessed recess 10 in the artificial cavity and can be fixed therein and removed from it again, and the recessed recess 10 or by the collar section 26K in the engaged position. In the post-shaped element projecting beyond the open cross section of the artificial cavity, The post-shaped element has a through opening which extends in the direction of its longitudinal axis to allow the rod element 32 to pass through, and the rod element 32 is received by the distal contact surface 36 in the receiving recess of the implant 1. Post-shaped element for determining the spatial position of the implant, characterized in that it can be in contact with the contact surface 37 on the bottom of (10). The post-shaped element according to claim 1, wherein the through opening and the receiving recess (10) extend coaxially with each other. 3. The rod element 32 according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rod element 32 can be introduced into the transversely aligned pocket opening 34 at the bottom of the receiving recess 10 by the distal end section 33. Post type element. 4. The post-shaped according to claim 3, wherein the pocket opening 34 is slightly expanded in the region of its inlet cross section, or the rod element 32 is slightly reduced in diameter in the distal end section 33. Element. The post-shaped element according to claim 1, wherein the proximal end face of the post-shaped element extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod element. The rod element 32 according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rod element 32 is correctly positioned with respect to the implant 1 and the contact surfaces 36, 37 of the rod element 32 and the implant 1. Posts are provided with marks on their outer skin surface which are completely submerged in the membrane through opening immediately when they are in contact with each other) or which are located directly above the open cross section of the through opening. The post-shaped element according to claim 1, wherein the post-shaped element is an impression post (23, 23 ′) for determining the spatial position of the dental implant (1).