KR20020092483A - Swash plate and compressor utilizing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A swash plate and compressor using the same are provided to prevent the swash plate from fusing with a shoe. CONSTITUTION: A swash plate includes a plate member(31) contacting with a shoe supported by a piston to slide so as to reciprocate the piston and to be supported by a rotary axis; a middle layer(32) made of copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt or alloy thereof and formed on a surface of the plate member; and a solid lubrication layer(33) having joining force reinforced by the plate member and the middle layer and made of silver or silver alloy with one of or some of tin, indium, palladium, cadmium, zinc and gold.

Description

Swash plate and compressor utilizing the same

The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner, and more particularly to a swash plate for reciprocating the piston and a compressor using the same.

In general, a compressor used in an automobile air conditioner has a function of sucking the vaporized heat exchange medium in the evaporator, compressing the sucked heat exchange medium, and pumping the compressed heat exchange medium to continuously circulate the refrigerant. In order to achieve this, there are various kinds of swash plate type, scroll type, rotary type, wobble plate type, etc. according to the driving method.

1 shows an example of a swash plate type compressor among compressors.

It is divided into two main bodies 11 and 11 ', and cylinders 12 and 12' are fixedly installed inside the main bodies 11 and 11 'and the cylinders 12 and 12' are fixed. The swash plate 14 supported by the rotating shaft 13 is provided in between. In addition, a bridge 15a is formed in each of the cylinders 12 and 12 'so that a piston 15 having an insertion portion into which an edge of the swash plate 14 is inserted is slidably installed. And the contact portion of the swash plate 14 and the piston 15 inserted into the insertion portion is a shoe (shoe) to reduce the frictional force due to the contact and smooth the flow of the swash plate 14 to the piston 15; 16) is installed. And valve units 17 and 17 'are provided between the both sides of the cylinders 12 and 12' and the inner circumferential surfaces of the main bodies 11 and 11 '.

Compressor 10 configured as described above is the shoe 16 is in contact with the swash plate 14, the swash plate 14 is fixed to the rotating shaft 13 is rotated as the rotating shaft 13 is rotated The plurality of pistons 15 contacted and supported by the reciprocator are reciprocated with respect to the cylinders 12 and 12 'to compress the thermal bridge medium.

In this process, the swash plate 14 and the shoe 16 are in frictional contact with each other, and the swash plate 14 rotates at a high speed while a high temperature and a load are applied. There is a break in the membrane. Therefore, the swash plate 14 and the shoe 16 generate heat while being heated in direct contact. In particular, when the lubricant filled in the compressor is in a stationary state for a long time and starts to operate, the lubricating oil of the liquid flows to a low place and causes many problems during the initial operation.

In order to solve the problems described above, conventionally, by spray coating the surface of the Cu-based alloy on the surface of the swash plate (thermal spray coating) to form a solid lubricating film has been improved lubrication characteristics. However, as described above, the coating film of the Cu-based alloy formed by thermal spray coating has a limit in maintaining adhesion with the material of the swash plate, and thus the reliability is lowered. In particular, there is a problem that the Cu coating film is separated from the surface of the swash plate due to the lack of adhesion between the swash plate and the Cu-based coating film under high speed operation of the compressor. Their particles fall and cause friction between parts.

On the other hand, another example of a solid lubricant is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,473,481. The disclosed solid lubricants prevent the breakage of sliding metal surfaces, including 60-80% by weight of molybdenum disulfide, or molybdenum disulfide and graphite, and among antimony oxide, iron, zinc or gold particles as additives for imparting heat stability and antioxidant. A lubricant composition containing 10-30% by weight of either component and any one of an epoxy-ester resin, an acrylic resin and a urea resin as an organic binder.

Other molybdenum disulfide-resin lubricants include those disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 3,051,586, 4,303,537, 3,146,142, 4,206,060, and the like.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. Hei 4-26777 discloses a method of forming a film having excellent heat abrasion resistance and wet resistance to titanium or a titanium alloy. This document describes the pretreatment process before applying a solid lubricating film to the surface of the material. The surface of the material is heated to 500 ° C in a vacuum atmosphere and chemically activated to make the material surface porous, followed by nickel-phosphorus, silicon-carbide, etc. Electroplating of the material improves heat resistance and wear resistance.

However, the solid lubricating film on the paint using the organic or inorganic binder as described above is difficult to control the coating film thickness, difficulty in controlling the ratio of the solid lubricant and the binder, and due to the problem of partial film thickness unevenness depending on the shape of the part. Application to precision parts causes considerable difficulties.

If there are many resins in the solid lubricating film, the lubrication property is poor, and when there are many pigments as lubricants, the lubrication property is good, but the wear life is easily shortened.

The present invention is to solve the above problems, to improve the adhesion of the plating layer for lubricating the surface and to prevent the sticking of the shoe by frictional heat at high temperature and high speed rotation, and the swash plate with excellent life characteristics The purpose is to provide a compressor using this swash plate.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a typical compressor,

Figure 2 is a perspective view showing an extract of the swash plate according to the present invention shown in Figure 1,

3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which an intermediate layer and a solid lubrication layer are formed on the plate member constituting the swash plate;

4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which an intermediate layer, a solid lubrication layer, and an auxiliary lubrication layer are formed on a plate member constituting a swash plate;

5 to 7 is a graph showing the experimental characteristics according to the solid lubrication layer formation of the swash plate.

8 to 12 are views showing the characteristics of the comparative experimental example with respect to FIGS.

13 to 16 is a graph showing the experimental characteristics according to the solid lubrication layer formation of the swash plate.

Swash plate for the compressor of the present invention for achieving the above object is

And a plate member for contacting the shoe sliding with the piston and reciprocating the piston, and a rotating shaft provided on the central axis of the plate member, the intermediate layer formed on the surface of the plate member, and the plate member and the intermediate layer. Bonding strength is strengthened by this, characterized by having a solid lubrication layer made of silver or silver alloy.

In the present invention, the intermediate layer is made of copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt or an alloy thereof, and the solid lubricating layer is at least one of the soft metal elements of Sn, In, Pd, Cd, Zn, Au and It may be made of an alloy of silver.

The solid lubrication layer may be formed by mixing and plating silver with a solid lubricant made of one or a mixture of teflon including molybdenum wetting, tungsten wetting, graphite, boron nitride, and poly tetrafluoro ethylene.

On the other hand, the upper surface of the solid lubrication layer is made of one or alloys of Sn, In, Pd, Cd, Zn, Au, or an auxiliary made of one or one of Sn, In, Pd, Cd, Zn, Au and an alloy of silver A lubrication layer is further provided.

The thickness of the solid lubrication layer is preferably 2 to 30 μm, the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.05 to 3 μm, and the surface roughness of the solid lubrication layer is preferably Ra 1.0 μm or less.

And another feature of the present invention for achieving the above object is to provide a compressor using a swash plate as described above.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 shows a compressor using a swash plate, and FIG. 2 shows a swash plate according to the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, the compressor is fixed to the cylinder (12, 12 ') inside the main body (11) (11') and is supported by the rotating shaft 13 between the cylinder (12, 12 ') The swash plate 30 is installed. In addition, a bridge 15a is formed in each of the cylinders 12 and 12 'so that a piston 15 having an insertion portion into which an edge of the swash plate 30 is inserted is slidably installed. And a shoe (shoe) 16 is installed in the contact portion of the swash plate 30 and the piston 15 installed in the insertion portion (15b) for the frictional force according to the contact and the smooth driving of the piston by the swash plate (30) do.

On the other hand, the swash plate 30 is composed of a plate member 31 is installed on the rotating shaft as shown in Figures 2 and 3 plate member 31 forming a swash plate for lubrication with the shoe 16 ), An intermediate layer 32 is formed, and the intermediate layer 32 forms a solid lubrication layer 33 having improved adhesion to the plate member 31.

The intermediate layer 32 is made of copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt or one of their alloys is electroplating or chemical plating, the thickness of the intermediate layer 32 is preferably formed of 0.05㎛ to 3.0㎛. When the thickness of the intermediate layer 32 is 0.05 μm or less, it is too thin to control the thickness of the plating process. When the thickness of the intermediate layer 32 is 3.0 μm or more, a large amount of the intermetallic compound with the solid lubrication layer 32 formed thereafter is formed. During operation, the solid lubrication layer is easily peeled off under high speed and high load conditions.

The material and thickness constituting the intermediate layer 32 are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any material and thickness may be used as long as the adhesion between the solid lubrication layer 33 and the plate member 31 can be improved.

The solid lubrication layer 33 is formed on the upper surface of the intermediate layer 32, and silver or silver alloy is formed by electroplating or chemical plating. On the other hand, the solid lubrication layer 33 may be composed of an alloy layer of silver and at least one of the soft metal elements of Sn, In, Pd, Cd, Zn, Au, the solid lubrication layer 33 is a solid lubricant and silver Alternatively, the silver alloy may be mixed and plated.

The solid lubricant mixed with silver or silver alloy may consist of one or a mixture of teflon comprising molybdenum wetting, tungsten wetting, graphite, boron nitride, poly tetrafluoro ethylene. The thickness of the solid lubrication layer 32 is formed to 2 to 30㎛ and the surface roughness Ra is preferably formed to 0.1㎛.

On the solid lubrication layer 33, a solid lubricant and silver may be mixed and plated. The solid lubricant may be made of one or a mixture of teflon containing molybdenum wetting, tungsten wetting, graphite, boron nitride and poly tetrafluoro ethylene as described above.

In addition, an auxiliary lubrication layer 34 may be further provided on the upper surface of the solid lubrication layer 32 to smooth lubrication with the shoe 16 as illustrated in FIG. 4. The auxiliary lubrication layer 34 is formed on the top surface of the solid lubrication layer 33, and is made of one of Sn, In, Pd, Cd, Zn, Au, or an alloy thereof, or Sn, In, Pd, Cd, Zn, It consists of one of Au or an alloy of these with silver.

The solid lubrication layer 33 and the auxiliary lubrication layer 34 configured as described above are not limited by the above-described embodiment, and the intermediate layer 32 and the solid lubrication layer 33 and the auxiliary lubrication layer 34 are For lubrication with the shoe 16, the swash plate 30 is preferably formed along a trajectory in contact with the shoe 16 when the swash plate 30 is rotated, but the entire surface of the plate member 31 constituting the swash plate 30 is formed. It may be formed.

Referring to the operation of the swash plate through the operation of the compressor of the air conditioner according to the present invention configured as described above are as follows.

In the compressor 10 according to the present invention, as the rotating shaft 13 rotates, the swash plate 30 fixed to the rotating shaft 13 rotates, and accordingly, the shoe 16 is in friction contact with the swash plate 14. The plurality of pistons 15 contacted and supported by the reciprocator are reciprocated with respect to the cylinders 12 and 12 'to compress the thermally bridged medium.

Since the plate member 31 which forms the swash plate 30 in which the swash plate 30 and the shoe 16 are in frictional contact in the operation process is formed with a solid lubrication layer 33, high temperature and load The swash plate 30 and the shoe 16 are prevented from squeezing under irregular driving conditions due to the high speed of the applied state or the rapid acceleration of the vehicle. In particular, since the surface roughness Ra of the solid lubrication layer 33 is 1.0 mm or less, an increase in torque caused by friction between the shoe 16 and the solid lubrication layer 33 during the high-speed rotation of the swash plate 30 prevents an increase in torque. Temperature rises are prevented.

The action as described above will become clearer through the experiments of the inventors described below.

Experiment 1

Experimental examples in Experiment 1 of the present invention was produced so that the plate member 31 constituting the swash plate 30, the diameter of 95mm, the thickness 5mm using a steel material. At this time, the surface roughness of the plate member before forming the solid active layer 33 was 0.5㎛, the surface roughness after the solid lubrication layer 33 was measured around 0.5㎛. And the swash plates of the following experimental examples were manufactured through the following process. First, the plate member is subjected to an immersion degreasing step, a cleaning step, an electrolytic degreasing step, a cleaning step, an activation treatment step, a cleaning step, a neutralization step, an intermediate layer forming step using copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt, and the like, and a silver or silver alloy. A swash plate according to the present invention was prepared by sequentially performing the intermediate layer forming step, the washing step, and the drying step. In the case of the plating for forming the intermediate layer 32 during the process, the thickness of the intermediate layer 32 was adjusted by adjusting the current density and time in a state in which blue and blue copper, blue and blue soda were mixed at a constant ratio. In the step of forming the solid lubrication layer 33, the current density and time were adjusted by varying the current density and time in a state where cyanide silver, carbohydrate, and carbonate were mixed at a constant ratio.

While rotating the swash plate 30 manufactured by the above-described method at 6000 rpm, the time, temperature change, and torque change were tested in the state in which the shoe 16 was pressurized with a load of 250 kgf and mentioned in Table 1-1. As described, Experimental Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were obtained.

Table 1-1

Thickness of Interlayer (㎛) Thickness of Solid Warming Layer (㎛) High speed lubrication test Experimental Example 1 0.05 2 ◎ Experimental Example 2 0.05 10 ◎ Experimental Example 3 0.05 30 ◎ Experimental Example 4 1.5 2 ◎ Experimental Example 5 1.5 10 ◎ Experimental Example 6 1.5 30 ◎ Experimental Example 7 3.0 2 ◎ Experimental Example 8 3.0 10 ◎ Experimental Example 9 3.0 30 ◎ Comparative Example 1 0.01 10 △ Comparative Example 2 3.5 10 x Comparative Example 3 1.5 One x Comparative Example 4 1.5 40 △ Comparative Example 5 1.5 10 (Ra 1.2) x

In the above table,? Indicates that the compressor has been driven at 6000 rpm for 30 minutes or more, △ the compressor has swash plate and shoe sintered at 6000 rpm for 30 minutes or less, and x is sintered before the compressor reaches 6000 rpm. will be.

In more detail, the graphs 5, 6, and 7 were obtained by measuring the temperature and the pressure applied to the torque swash plate while driving the swash plates of Experimental Examples 2, 5 and 8. The temperature at the time of driving the swash plate of 5 and the pressure applied to the torque swash plate were measured to obtain graphs 8 to 12.

As can be seen from Table 1-1 and the figures, the thickness of the intermediate layer 32 made of copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt, etc. is formed in the range of 0.05 to 3 μm, and the solid lubrication layer 33 made of silver When the thickness of 2 to 30㎛ formed high lubricating characteristics could be obtained.

Experiment 2

In Experiment 2 of the present invention, the intermediate layer 32 is formed on the plate member 31 constituting the swash plate 30 by using copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt, and the like, and a silver alloy is formed on the upper surface of the intermediate layer 32. Experimental Example 10, in which the solid lubrication layer 33 was formed, and the upper surface of the intermediate layer 32 include silver alloy and molybdenum urea, tungsten fluoride, graphite, boron nitride, and poly tetrafluoro ethylene, which are solid lubricants. The solid lubricating layer was mixed under one of Teflon or a mixture thereof, and the composite lubricating layer was tested under the conditions of Experiment 1 described in Experiment 11 to obtain Table 1-2, graphs 13 and 14.

TABLE 1-2

Thickness of Interlayer (μm) Solid lubrication layer thickness using silver alloy (㎛) Composite Plating Layer Thickness (㎛) High speed lubrication test Experimental Example 10 1.5 10 - ◎ Experimental Example 11 1.5 - 10 ◎

As shown in the graph and Table 1-2, lubrication characteristics maintained at 30 or more at 6000 rpm were obtained.

Experiment 3

In the experiment of the present invention, the interlayer 32 is formed on the plate member 31 constituting the swash plate 30 by using copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt, and the like, and silver is used on the upper surface of the interlayer 32. The swash which formed the solid lubrication layer 33 and formed the auxiliary lubrication layer 34 which consists of one or an alloy of Sn, In, Pb, Cd, Zn, Au on the upper surface of this solid lubrication layer 33. Experimental Examples 12 to 15 of the plate 30 were carried out under the same conditions as in Experiment 1 to obtain Tables 1-3, FIGS. 15 and 16.

Thickness of Interlayer (μm) Thickness of Solid Lubrication Layer (㎛) Thickness of auxiliary lubrication layer (㎛) High speed lubrication test Experimental Example 12 1.5 10 2 (comment) ◎ Experimental Example 13 1.5 10 2 (lead) ◎ Experimental Example 14 1.5 10 2 (silver-lead) ◎ Experimental Example 15 1.5 10 2 (silver-graphite) ◎

Table 1-3

As can be seen from the above-described 1-3 and the graphs of FIGS. 15 to 16, the auxiliary lubrication layer 34 is formed on the upper surface of the solid lubrication layer 33 and is not sintered with the shoe 16 for more than 30 minutes at 6000 rpm. It can be seen that it is driven.

As described above, the swash plate of the compressor may improve the lubrication characteristics under high temperature and high load in the process of high speed rotation by frictional contact with the shoe, and the swash plate and the shoe may be prevented from sticking to each other. Reliability can be improved. In addition, the lubrication characteristics of the swash plate and the shoe can be improved and the life of the compressor can be extended.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to one embodiment shown in the drawings, this is merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible therefrom. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention will be defined by the technical spirit of the appended claims.

Claims (14)

And a plate member which is in contact with the shoe slidingly supported by the piston to reciprocate the piston and is supported by a rotating shaft, and has a bonding force strengthened by the intermediate layer formed on the surface of the plate member, the plate member and the intermediate layer, and A swash plate of a compressor comprising a solid lubrication layer made of a silver alloy. The method of claim 1, Swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that the intermediate layer is made of one of copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt or alloys thereof. The method of claim 1, The solid lubricating layer is a swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that consisting of an alloy layer of silver and at least one of the soft metal elements of Sn, In, Pd, Cd, Zn, Au. The method according to claim 1 or 3, The solid lubricating layer is a swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that the composite plating is mixed with a solid lubricant and silver. The method of claim 4, wherein The solid lubricant is a swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that consisting of teflon containing molybdenum wetting, tungsten wetting, graphite, boron nitride, poly tetrafluoro ethylene. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that the auxiliary lubrication layer is formed on the upper surface of the solid lubrication layer. The method of claim 6, The auxiliary lubricating layer is a swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that made of one or alloys of Sn, In, Pd, Cd, Zn, Au. The method of claim 6, The auxiliary lubricating layer is a swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that consisting of one or one of Sn, In, Pd, Cd, Zn, Au and an alloy of silver. The method of claim 1, The swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that the composite plating is mixed with a solid lubricant and silver on the upper surface of the solid lubrication layer. The method of claim 9, The solid lubricant is a swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that consisting of teflon containing molybdenum wetting, tungsten wetting, graphite, boron nitride, poly tetrafluoro ethylene. The method of claim 1, The swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that the thickness of the solid lubricating layer is 2 to 30㎛, the thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.05 to 3㎛. The method of claim 1, Surface roughness of the solid lubricating layer Ra is a swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that not more than 1.0㎛. The method of claim 1, Swash plate of the compressor, characterized in that the intermediate layer and the solid lubricating layer is formed along the contact trajectory of the shoe and the swash plate. A compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 and 7 to 13, wherein the swash plate is used.