KR20020063552A - Development of Bio-manure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A bio-fertilizer prepared by inoculating insecticidal microbes into earthworm excrements is provided to supply nutrients to plants, improve soil and prevent harmful insects. CONSTITUTION: The bio-fertilizer is prepared by inoculating insecticidal microbes into earthworm excrements, as a carrier, with large surface area(400-800m¬2/g) and cation exchange capacity(230-460mg/100g), and pelletizing with a binder, a natural resin(fibrous materials) such as waste herbal medicine.

Description

Development of bio fertilizer for soil deterioration prevention and intellectual protection {Development of Bio-manure}

In the days when chemical fertilizers were not produced, compost, green manure (self-administration, green soybean, betji, etc.), manure, ash, and wild grass were produced and used. Subsequently, as fertilizer was produced and distributed, the amount of fertilizer used increased sharply, but production of self-fertilizer began to decrease gradually. As the industry developed rapidly, industrial wastes were mass-produced. As the population of rural villages entered the city, the self-supporting fertilizers manufactured by farmers by using agricultural by-products and wild grasses were produced by farmers by declining rural population and aging and becoming women. Organic fertilizer and by-product fertilizer.

Organic fertilizers and by-product fertilizers are known to be very beneficial fertilizers because they contain a large amount of organic matter and a small amount of various trace elements, and are not only useful for crops but also improve the physical, chemical and microbial properties of the soil. However, the raw materials of the current by-product fertilizers are mainly made of livestock manure, and other food and organic industrial wastes are used.In contrast to the compost, which is a self-supporting fertilizer that was mainly farmed and aquatic products, the content of fertilizer is high. The organic content is low, and there is a possibility of containing harmful components, so it is necessary to produce and sell high quality by-product fertilizer. Some of the manufacturers of by-product fertilizers produce and supply products using industrial waste as raw materials, which sometimes falls short of the by-product fertilizer's process standards. A lot is appearing. In addition, pollution of cropland and damage to crops are caused by the use of poor raw materials with high heavy metal content and by-product fertilizer manufacturing technology. The reason why farmers use these fertilizers is that the high quality fertilizers are relatively expensive than the poor fertilizers.These fertilizers are very high in fertilizers, unlike the farmers' past fertilizers. Accumulation and crop damage can occur, so applying the right amount is important.

Many organic resources are generated as wastes and landfilled or incinerated by increasing income and improving diet. However, due to problems such as the prohibition of direct landfilling of organic waste and the enormous cost of incinerator construction, research on the recycling of organic waste is being conducted, and the treatment method of organic sludge using earthworms is superior in its effectiveness. appear. Fecal soil produced by the treatment method of organic waste using earthworms is very effective in protecting or improving soil due to its high inert ingredients and diverse microorganisms. When used as an organic fertilizer resource, it can reduce resource recycling and environmental pollution. It can be said that it is preferable in two aspects. In particular, domestic soils are low in fertility and can solve problems such as organic matter depletion due to cultivation of crops in small-scale farmers.

On the other hand, organic growth pesticides have grown at a high rate with the development of the chemical industry. Since the beginning of the century, these organic synthetic pesticides have contributed greatly to increasing the production of food resources, which was difficult to handle due to huge population growth. However, the harmful effects of excessive use of organic synthetic pesticides, as already known, are not only a threat to human livelihoods but also a threat to human rights due to residues of hardly decomposable components in nature and contamination of agricultural products and groundwater by heavy metals contained in the residual components. Destroying the native ecosystem. For this reason, an international agreement was signed in June 1992 to reduce the use of organic synthetic pesticides in half by 2004. Therefore, some developed countries are conducting a lot of research on the development of environmentally friendly biopesticides, and some countries have completed the development of biopesticides for some pests. Therefore, in the future, countries that rely solely on organic synthetic pesticides are expected to be hit hard by the tyranny regulation of countries that have already developed biopesticides. In order to cope with these international trends, it is urgent to secure the resources of indigenous microorganisms that are well adapted to the natural environment of Korea, and it is necessary to research for increasing the insecticidal power and increasing the persistence. As the soil loses its function due to its use and the damage caused by various pests is increasing, it is necessary to restore the soil's intelligence and to develop a high-functional biological fertilizer that can control the soil pest.

1) Characteristics of Earthworm Feces as Fertilizer and Microbial Carrier

The system for stabilizing organic sludge using the physiological characteristics of earthworms is already being actively carried out around the world in terms of recycling waste and environmental protection.In 1990, the Korea Environmental Research Institute adopted the organic treatment technology using earthworms. With the development and distribution, it is estimated that currently about 80 thousand locations are handling about 110,000 tons of organic waste. However, although the technology of treating organic sludge using earthworms is settled in Korea to some extent, the technology applied due to the limited use of materials to be treated and the small scale application, and the efficient use of high value added of earthworm fecal soil as a by-product. The limitations of are exposed.

Earthworm fecal soils are treated as important by-products because they have important physicochemical and biological properties unlike ordinary soils.The main characteristics of earthworm feces are physical properties. It has good drainage and breathability, and it is very good for plant roots to grow. Its chemical properties are high in substitutional calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphate content and organic matter content of 58%. In addition, as shown in Table 1, the specific surface area (400-800 m2 / g) and the cation exchange capacity (230-460 mg / 100g) in terms of chemical properties are high enough to be comparable to activated carbon in terms of physical properties. Not only that, but also the role as a microbial carrier is very excellent. In addition, it is reported that the bacterium contains the antibiotic bacterium Bacillus sp., Which inhibits the growth of pathogenic fungus spores and inhibits the growth of pathogenic fungi in the soil. It has been evaluated in several literatures that it is suitable for use as a biocarrier. In addition, when fecal soil is applied to the soil, microorganisms in the soil rapidly increase to decompose organic matter. Many of the inorganic components, which are various decomposition products generated during the decomposition process, provide nutrients to crops, and amino acids and nucleic acids as organic substances. Organic acids, vitamins, and corrosion play a role in promoting the growth of crops. Decomposition products and hyphae produced by soil microorganisms cause soil particles to form a grain structure and increase the pore size of the soil, thereby increasing the distribution and permeability of the soil air, thereby increasing the air permeability and water retention. In general, fertilized phosphate is fixed in the soil when the soil is acidic and present in the soil in a form that cannot be absorbed by the roots of the crop. The phosphate fixed in the soil is a variety of organic acids produced during the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms. It is solubilized by, for example, can be absorbed and used in crops. In addition, the corrosion generated by the decomposition of organic materials increases the base substitution capacity (CEC) to increase the binding capacity, increase the buffer capacity of the soil, reduce the detoxification of harmful substances such as heavy metals, promote useful chemical reactions, increase the temperature, promote various chemical reactions, It is known to have various effects such as suppressing the occurrence of pests by the growth of beneficial antagonists. In addition, the use of fecal soil is said to be a synergistic combination of the various functions described above to finally improve the crop quality.

Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of fecal soil

importance Package water quantity Density Porosity Granularity pH EC N, P, K Trace elements 0.6-0.8 88.2% 0.60 74.5% 2 mm 5.5-7 1 or less 1 or less much

Table 2. Comparison of Microbial Phases in Fecal Soils

division Total Bacteriax 108 Actino mycetes x 105 Fungi x 104 Gram Bacteriax 105 SporeformingBacteriax 104 Feces 5,320 8.6 50.0 7.6 198.0

Table 3. Physicochemical Properties of Earthworm Feces

division Organic matter / nitrogen consumption Organic matter content (%) Salt content (%) Hazardous Heavy Metals (mg / Kg) arsenic cadmium chrome Mercury lead Copper Process specification 50 or less 25 or more 0.1 or less 50 or less 5 or less 300 or less 2 or less 150 or less 500 or less Earthworm Feces 43.8 57.4 0.06 Not detected 2.0 24.7 Not detected 46.5 191.6 February 99. 22.4 26.9 0.06 〃 1.8 13.3 〃 35.6 117.5 July 99

In addition, the physicochemical characteristics of earthworm fecal soils can be seen that satisfy the process standards of by-product fertilizers prescribed by the Korean Fertilizer Control Act.

2) Pathogenicity and Control Effects of Insecticidal Microorganisms

In the case of pest species, the roots of crops in the soil, or most of the life cycle inhabit the soil, chemical control is difficult and the damage is also very serious. Representative pests include scarabs (true beetle, large black beetle, alder beetle, etc.), castor worms (eggose moth, black gingiber moth, and charcoal black chestnut moth) and forest pests such as pine needles, pine nuts, broad-leaved bees, etc. In addition, the soil management of cultivation pavement is very important because many pests do wintering and dormancy in the soil. However, in the situation where the damage caused by the abuse of indiscriminate organic synthetic pesticides is increasing, biological control using useful microorganisms has been proposed as a solution. Already developed directly using the microbial pesticide or microorganisms using a substance secreted to control the pests that occur on crops has been reported to be effective with fungal strains developed by major commodity belonging to Metarhizium, Aschersonia, Verticillium, Beauveria There are only about 10 fungal strains that use species but are actually used as microbial insecticides.

Development of microbial pesticides using insecticidal microorganisms requires optimal culture conditions for the mass production and the production of inexpensive media, and it is necessary to develop formulations for increasing insecticidality and sustainability. In particular, in the case of soil pest control, increasing the viability and activity of the spores in the soil may influence the performance of the control. Already, researches on Baekgang bacteria for pine needles fly control have been carried out by the Korea Forest Service, but the effectiveness of the control has not been achieved due to environmental factors. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to establish the optimum culture conditions for the mass production of insecticidal microorganisms and to study the inexpensive medium components, and to formulate them using the earthworm fecal microbial carrier to increase the efficiency of the control, to prevent soil degradation and to improve the soil. have.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of bio-fertilizer production for soil degradation prevention and protection of intelligence

2 is a detailed schematic diagram of the bio fertilizer

1 is a schematic diagram of the production of bio fertilizer for preventing soil deterioration and protection of intellect. -0018424), and then inoculated with insecticide microorganisms to inoculate pesticide microorganisms to produce a bio-fertilizer in pellet form of about 1-10mm in diameter using a natural resin (plant fiber, such as waste herbal medicine) as a binder.

FIG. 2 shows a detailed schematic diagram of the bio fertilizer, wherein the insecticidal microorganisms inoculated into the carrier decompose and proliferate using an organic material to form a microbial film on the surface of the carrier and decompose and propagate the organic material present in the soil. This multiplying insecticide acts to kill pests in the soil. Organic matter and various nutrients in the carrier (fecal soil) maintain the viability and insecticidal power of insecticidal microorganisms for a long time, and have the effect of improving soil and forming nutrients to plants.

Recently, most farmers do not consider the amount of compost, apply it as an alternative source of chemical fertilizer, or apply it based on the amount of nitrogen, and the nitrogen content applied is easily used in crops, or it is lost, leached and volatilized. Cali accumulates in excess in the soil. In addition, the main fermentation period was 23.2 to 31.8 days and the post fermentation was 45.2 to 43.3 days during the housing period of products produced by compost manufacturing plants operated by the National Agricultural Cooperatives. This can be seen from the fact that the produced compost products are less than 15% organic matter and 21% organic matter / nitrogen consumption in the fertilizer process standard. Such defective products are produced by using low-quality industrial waste and sludge-type manure manure with excessive water content, not keeping the maturity period properly, or excessively using sawdust with high carbon content or It is believed that compost is produced by producers who lack composting technology without a technical concept. The treatment of organic sludge using earthworms is an important technology for the efficient use of waste resources and for the protection of the environment. In particular, the earthworm feces generated after the treatment is a very useful resource from an agricultural point of view. However, fecal soil is currently limited to its use as a soil improver and a soil cover agent, and research is needed to create higher added value. Therefore, by using fecal soil as a carrier of microbial preparation for soil pest control in the present invention, it is possible to produce products with higher value by giving new functions as fertilizer and soil pest control agent for soil improvement, and treating organic sludge using earthworm The spread of methods will not only provide economic benefits through environmental protection and recycling of resources, but will also play a significant role in the development of technologies for biological control such as pesticides.

Claims (2)

Bio fertilizer production technology for prevention of soil deterioration and protection of intelligence inoculated with insecticidal microorganisms using fecal soil as a carrier Manufacturing technology using natural resin binder containing vegetable fiber such as waste medicine