KR20020058324A - Method for certifying a justness of a streaming type electronic publication user - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for certifying the justness of a streaming type electronic publication is provided to block up the free use of an electronic publication by an uncertified person by comparing the initial hardware information of a user client to the present hardware information of the user client. CONSTITUTION: A series of hardware information extracting applications are transmitted to a user client(S17). The transmission of the hardware information of the user client from the hardware information extracting applications is decided. If the hardware information of the user client is transmitted, the information is compared with the pre-registered hardware information(S20). If the hardware information transmitted from the hardware information extracting applications is the same as the pre-registered hardware information, the occurrence of an electronic publication selecting event from the user client is decided(S23). If the electronic publication selecting event occurs, the information on the electronic publication is streamed to the user client(S26).

Description

Method for certifying a justness of a streaming type electronic publication user}

The present invention relates to a validity authentication method for authenticating a user's justification using a streaming type electronic publication, and more particularly, a user's justification using a series of "e-published streaming services." This can be determined by the hardware information of the user's client, thereby allowing access of electronic publications by unauthorized users to be blocked at the source, thereby minimizing the "problem of unauthorized use of electronic publications" by an unspecified majority. The present invention relates to a method for validating a user of a streaming electronic publication.

Recently, with the rapid development of information technology, the traditional publishing method using paper has been rapidly replaced by the electronic publication method using a series of electric and electronic data.

For example, U.S. Patent No. 5689648 "Method and apparatus for publication of information", U.S. Patent No. 5802516 "Method of controlling an electronic book for a computer system" US Patent Publication No. 5893132, "Method and system for encoding a book for reading using an electronic book", US Patent Publication No. 6029142 "Electronics" Electronic catalog system and method ", Korean Patent Publication No. 2000-7115" Cover for Selling Electronic Information ", Korean Patent Publication No. 2000-37464" Customer's e-book by editing Generation method and apparatus thereof "and the like, and various techniques related to the above-mentioned conventional electronic publication are presented in more detail.

Typically, a user using such a conventional electronic publication downloads a series of electronic publication files from a web server of a vendor selling the electronic publication, and stores them in a personal computer (PC), a dedicated terminal, and the like if necessary. By selectively opening the electronic publication file, various information held by the electronic publication can be effectively used according to the needs of the user.

In recent years, however, the size of the electronic publication file is significantly larger than that of the existing data, while such electronic publications are simply transformed into forms of multimedia data including sounds, images, etc. There is a growing trend, which causes a lot of difficulties for the user to download this electronic publication file manually from the electronic publication vendor's web server.

Recently, as a way to solve this problem, a so-called "streaming" technology that can process multimedia data as if it is a continuous flow of water has been developed and attracting great attention.

For example, Korean Patent Publication No. 2000-12324, "Method and System for Providing Multimedia Information of Book Contents on the Internet," Korean Patent Publication No. 2000-24522, "Contents Service Method through the Internet," Korean Patent Publication No. 2000 -41813, "Multimedia streaming method over a network," and the like, describe in detail various conventional techniques for implementing electronic publication services using such streaming technology.

In general, when the electronic publication service is implemented by using such a streaming technology, the vendor's web server may not use the user's ID and password (before proceeding with the "full-scale electronic publication streaming service for the user"). By confirming P / W (Pass-Word) and the like, the user's legitimacy can be accurately determined.

However, it is very difficult to accurately check the validity of the user only by performing the procedure of confirming the user's ID, password, etc. using the web server. This is because, for example, a situation may arise where an arbitrary party user transfers his or her ID and password to an unspecified number of invalid users.

As such, when an arbitrary party user transfers his or her ID and password to an unspecified number of invalid users without permission, and uses the ID and password that the unauthorized user has transferred, the conventional electronic publication web, The server cannot realistically block it at all, and as a result, the copyright holders of the electronic publications, the distributors of the electronic publications, and the like are subjected to immense damage compared to the traditional paper publications.

In this conventional case, a serious problem of shaking the existence base of the electronic publication itself is inevitably caused.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide "initial hardware information" of a user-side client identified in a series of "initial subscription points" at which a user initially subscribes to a service, and a point of time for using a series of "electronic publication streaming services" in which the user uses the service in earnest. By comparing the "current hardware information" of the user-side client identified in ", and by doing this, by making sure that the streaming process of the electronic publication does not proceed at all except the party user who has just purchased, Even if the user's ID, password, etc. are transferred without permission, the electronic publication is blocked from being used arbitrarily.

Another object of the present invention is to stabilize the electronic publication market by fundamentally blocking access to electronic publications by unauthorized users.

Still other objects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

1 is an exemplary diagram conceptually showing a streaming electronic publication management system on which the present invention is based.

2 is a flowchart sequentially illustrating a method for validating authenticity of a streaming electronic publication user according to the present invention.

3 and 4 conceptually illustrate a web page opening state of a user-side client according to an aspect of the present invention.

5 is an exemplary diagram conceptually showing a data table of user unique information D / B on which the present invention is based.

6 to 8 are conceptual diagrams conceptually showing a web page posting status of a user-side client according to another aspect of the present invention.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention transmits a series of hardware information extraction applications to any user-side client, and whether hardware information of the user-side client is transmitted from the hardware information extraction application transmitted to the user-side client. Determining, when the hardware information of the user-side client is transmitted from the hardware information extracting application, determining whether the hardware information of the user-side client matches the registered hardware information previously registered, and the hardware information of the user-side client Determining whether a series of electronic publication selection events have occurred from this user-side client, if the registered hardware information is already registered. And a legitimate authentication method of a streaming type electronic publication user, which is a combination of streaming a series of electronic publication information to a corresponding user-side client when an electronic publication selection event occurs.

Hereinafter, the legitimacy authentication method of the streaming electronic publication user according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the electronic publication management system 100 that forms the basis of the present invention includes a D / B block 60, a D / B management server 30, an electronic publication management server 10, and an application loader ( 40), the user unique information generation module 50, the electronic publication streaming server 20 and the like. In this case, the D / B block 60 includes, for example, operational information D / B 61 in which a series of operational information is stored, user specific information D / B 62 in which a series of user specific information is stored, and a series of electronic publication information. The stored electronic publication information D / B 63 and the like are disposed.

At this time, the above-described D / B management server 30 is the operation information stored in the operation information D / B (61), the user specific information stored in the user specific information D / B (62), electronic publication D / B It selectively outputs and stores electronic publication information and the like stored in (63). In this case, the D / B management server 30 does not merely play a role of outputting and storing the operation information, the user specific information, the electronic publication information, and the like. It also plays an intelligent role, efficiently managing in the fastest possible time without duplication.

At this time, as shown in the figure, the above-described electronic publication management server 10 forms a series of communication relationships with the previous D / B management server 30, and also with any user-side client 1, for example, Interface through the Internet.

In this state, the electronic publication management server 10 performs a continuous signal exchange with the D / B management server 30 to quickly determine whether to store and extract the above-described operational information and user-specific information. In addition, when a series of electronic publication streaming request events are generated by the user side client 1 and a full-fledged electronic publication streaming process proceeds, a series of "authorized user authentication processes" for the user side client 1 are performed. To proceed quickly.

In this case, the application loader 40 extracts an application located in the application server 80, for example, a hardware information extraction application, and delivers the hardware information extraction application to the electronic publication management server 10.

Through this process, the hardware information extraction application 70 transferred from the application server 80 to the electronic publication management server 10 is transmitted to the user side client 1 by the electronic publication management server 10, and then the user side client. Activated in the software area of (1), the various hardware information held by the user side client 1, for example, the serial number of the hard disk, the serial number of the operating system, etc. are checked, and the result of the check is checked by the electronic publication management server 10. It serves to deliver.

Through this process, when a series of hardware information is transmitted from the hardware information extraction application 70, the electronic publication management server 10 stores the hardware information in, for example, the user specific information D / B 61. By comparing with the hardware information, it is determined whether the user who is currently requesting the streaming process of the electronic publication is a legitimate user.

In this case, the user unique information generation module 50 may be configured to electronically display various subscriber information transmitted from the user side client 1, for example, user ID, user password, hardware information transmitted from the hardware information extraction application 70, and the like. After receiving from the publication management server 10, combines the information into one, generates a series of user unique information, and delivers the complete user unique information to the above-described D / B management server 30, the user For example, it serves to induce the unique information to be stably stored in the user unique information D / B 61.

Here, as shown in the figure, the electronic publication streaming server 20 interfaces with the previous D / B management server 30, the user side client 1, and the like, for example, a series of electronics from the user side client 1; If a publication streaming event occurs, the user is confirmed whether the user is legitimate from the electronic publication management server 10, and if the user is identified as a party user, the electronic publication information stored in the D / B 63 is stored. It plays a role of streaming specific electronic publication information to the user-side client 1.

Of course, if the electronic publication streaming server 20 determines that the user is an illegal user, it will be natural that the electronic publication streaming process is not performed at all.

Hereinafter, a legitimate authentication method of a streaming electronic publication user using the streaming electronic publication management system 100 having the above-described configuration will be described in detail.

First, a user who wants to stream a series of electronic publications connects to the electronic publication management system 100 of the present invention using the user side client 1 and the Internet network.

In this state, the electronic publication management server 10 determines whether a series of web connection events have been issued from the user side client 1 (step S1).

At this time, if it is determined that the user does not proceed to access the electronic publication management system 100 and a series of web access events have not occurred from the user side client 1, the electronic publication management server 10 performs a flow. The flow advances to step S2 to maintain a series of standby states.

However, when the user proceeds to access the electronic publication management system 100, and it is determined that a series of web access events have occurred from the user side client 1, the electronic publication management server 10 displays a series of main pages. The transmission to the user side client 1 is performed (step S3).

In this case, the electronic publication management server 10 requests the extraction of the operation information, for example, to the D / B management server 30, and the D / B management server 30 immediately transmits the request message. The operation information stored in the D / B 61 is transmitted to the electronic publication management server 10.

Through this process, when a series of operational information is delivered, the electronic publication management server 10 generates a main page based on the operational information, and promptly delivers the main page to the user side client 1, which has been created.

In this case, the client-side client quickly interprets the main page 201 delivered from the electronic publication management server 10 and displays it, as shown in FIG. 3, so that the user can use the streaming type electronic publication. To be provided promptly.

Subsequently, the electronic publication management server 10 determines whether a series of login events have occurred from the user side client 1 (step S4).

At this time, the user does not select, for example, the ID input item 202, the password input item 203, the login item 204, and the like posted on the main page 201, so that a series of login events are received from the user side client 1. If it is determined that does not occur, the electronic publication management server 10 determines again whether or not a series of new subscription events have occurred from the user side client 1 (step S5).

At this time, if the user does not select, for example, the new subscription item 205 posted on the main page 201, and it is determined that a series of new subscription events have not occurred from the user side client 1, the electronic publication management server ( 10), the flow advances to step S6 to maintain a series of standby states.

However, if the user selects, for example, a new subscription item 205 posted on the main page 201, and it is determined that a series of new subscription events have occurred from the user side client 1, the electronic publication management server 10 The process of transmitting a series of subscription pages to the user side client 1 is performed (step S7).

In this case, the electronic publication management server 10 requests the extraction of the operation information, for example, to the D / B management server 30, and the D / B management server 30 immediately transmits the request message. The operation information stored in the D / B 61 is transmitted to the electronic publication management server 10.

Through this process, when a series of operational information is transmitted, the electronic publication management server 10 generates a subscription page based on the operational information, and quickly delivers the completed subscription page to the user side client 1.

In this case, the user-side client 1 quickly interprets the subscription page 206 delivered from the electronic publication management server 10 and displays it, as shown in FIG. 4, so that the user wants a series of new subscriptions. Encourage the process to proceed smoothly. Of course, the subscription page 206 includes the payment information related to the electronic publication, but since this is a general matter, the description thereof will be omitted.

At this time, the electronic publication management server 10 performs a process of transmitting a series of subscription pages to the user-side client 1, and also transmits a series of hardware information extraction applications 70 to the user-side client 1. Proceed together (step S8).

In this case, the electronic publication management server 10 requests the extraction of the hardware information extraction application 70 to the application loader 40, and the application loader 40, as soon as the request message is delivered, the application server 80. The hardware information extraction application 70 stored in the electronic publication management server 10 is transferred to.

Through this process, when a series of hardware information extraction applications 70 are delivered, the electronic publication management server 10 immediately transmits the hardware information extraction application 70 to the user side client 1.

In this case, the hardware information extraction application 70 is activated in the software area of the user side client 1, for example, so that various hardware information held by the user side client 1, for example, the serial number of the hard disk, the serial number of the operating system, and the like. , And transmits the check result to the electronic publication management server 10. Of course, using the subscription page 206, a user who is performing a series of new subscription processes will never know that the hardware information of the user-side client 1 he is using is being checked.

In this state, the electronic publication management server 10 determines whether or not a series of hardware information has been transmitted from the hardware information extraction application 70 running on the user side client 1 (step S9).

At this time, if the hardware information checking process of the hardware information extraction application 70 has not yet been completed and a series of hardware information has not been transmitted from the hardware information extraction application 70, the electronic publication management server 10 proceeds with the flow. Proceeding to S10, a series of standby states are maintained.

However, when the hardware information checking process of the hardware information extraction application 70 is completed and a series of hardware information has been transmitted from this hardware information extraction application 70, the electronic publication management server 10 immediately prompts the user side client ( It is again determined whether a series of subscription data has been transmitted from 1) (step S11).

At this time, if the user has not yet entered all the information in the unique information entry item 207, and a series of subscription data has not been transmitted from the user side client 1, the electronic publication management server 10 proceeds to the flow at step S12. To maintain a series of standby states.

However, the user inputs all the information necessary for the unique information entry item 207, selects the subscription item 208, and includes a series including, for example, " user's ID, user's password " If the subscription data of the was sent, the electronic publication management server 10 transmits the "hardware information of the user side client 1" delivered from the previous hardware information extraction application 70 and the "subscriber information delivered from the user side client 1". ", And delivers it to the user unique information generation module 50.

In this case, the user unique information generation module 50 combines subscriber information, hardware information, and the like delivered from the electronic publication management server 10 into one, generates a series of user unique information, and generates the generated user unique information D. By transmitting the / B management server 30, the user specific information can be stably stored in the data table of the user unique information D / B 62, as shown in FIG. 5 (step S13). .

Through this process, when the storing process of the user's unique information is completed, the electronic publication management server 10 proceeds to the process of transmitting a series of welcome pages to the user side client 1 (step S14).

In this case, the electronic publication management server 10 requests the extraction of the operation information, for example, to the D / B management server 30, and the D / B management server 30 immediately transmits the request message. The operation information stored in the D / B 61 is transmitted to the electronic publication management server 10.

Through this process, when a series of operational information is transmitted, the electronic publication management server 10 generates a subscription welcome page based on the operational information, and promptly delivers the completed subscription welcome page to the user side client 1. .

In this case, the client-side client 1 quickly interprets the subscription welcome page 209 delivered from the electronic publication management server 10 and displays it as shown in FIG. Make sure to check.

On the other hand, in the above-described step S4, the user selects, for example, the ID input item 202, the password input item 203, the login item 204, etc. posted on the main page 201, and then the user-side client ( If it is determined from 1) that a series of login events have occurred, the electronic publication management server 10 checks the login data transmitted from the user side client 1, and the user ID, user password, etc. included in the login data are the user. The process of determining whether or not the registered ID / registration password, etc. previously stored in the unique information D / B 62 is performed (step S15).

In this case, the electronic publication management server 10 requests the D / B management server 30, for example, the registered ID / registration password of the corresponding user, and the D / B management server 10 transmits the request message. As soon as possible, the registration ID / registration password, etc. of the user stored in the unique user information D / B 62 is transmitted to the electronic publication management server.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, the registered ID / password of the user is asd123 / P4693a, whereas the ID / password included in the login data is asd123 / P1232, so that the two items do not match each other. If it is determined, the electronic publication management server 10 generates a series of retry request messages by utilizing the operation information stored in the operation information D / B 61, and generates a retry request message in which the generation is completed. Is transmitted (step S16).

In this case, the user side client 1 promptly retries the retry request message sent from the electronic publication management server 10, for example, "The input password does not match. Please try again." By interpreting and displaying it, the user can quickly recognize that he or she has incorrectly entered the password.

However, if the registered ID / registration password of the user is 37SSKim / 3A441, and the ID / password included in the login data is also 37SSKim / 3A441, then it is determined that the two items match each other. The process of transmitting the aforementioned hardware information extraction application 70 is performed to the client (step S17). In this case, the electronic publication management server 10 requests the extraction of the hardware information extraction application 70 to the application loader 40, and the application loader 40, as soon as the request message is delivered, the application server 80. The hardware information extraction application 70 stored in the electronic publication management server 10 is transferred to.

Through this process, when a series of hardware information extraction applications 70 are delivered, the electronic publication management server 10 immediately transmits the hardware information extraction application 70 to the user side client 1.

In this case, the hardware information extraction application 70 is activated in the software area of the user-side client 1 similarly to the above-mentioned case, such that various hardware information held by the user-side client, for example, a serial number of a hard disk, The serial number of the operating system is checked, and the check result is transmitted to the electronic publication management server. Of course, even in this case, the user cannot know at all that the hardware information of the user-side client he is using is checked.

In this state, the electronic publication management server 10 determines whether a series of hardware information has been transmitted from the hardware information extraction application 70 running on the user side client 1 (step S18).

At this time, if the hardware information checking process of the hardware information extraction application 70 has not yet been completed and a series of hardware information has not been transmitted from the hardware information extraction application 70, the electronic publication management server 10 proceeds with the flow. Proceeding to S19, the series of standby states is maintained.

However, when the hardware information checking process of the hardware information extraction application 70 has been completed and a series of hardware information has been transmitted from the hardware information extraction application 70, the electronic publication management server 10 may determine that the hardware information is, for example, A process of determining whether or not it matches the registered hardware information previously stored in the user unique information D / B 62 is performed (step S20).

At this time, the user is a user having a registration ID / registration password of asd123 / P4693a, and the hardware information of the user is registered as, for example, "hard disk = 374191, operating system = 164PP". , &Quot; hard disk = 59037, operating system = ALD323 " Next, when it is determined that the two items do not match with each other, the electronic publication management server 10 determines that the user currently logged in is an invalid user, and the user side client 1 In step S21, a process of transmitting a series of warning messages is performed.

In this case, the user side client 1 may receive a warning message from the electronic publication management server 10, for example, "You are not registered, and you do not have permission to view the electronic publication. Please contact the administrator." By promptly interpreting and displaying the warning message, the current user's access to electronic publications can be blocked.

As described above, in the case of the present invention, the "initial hardware information" of the user-side client 1 grasped at the series of "initial subscription points" at which the user initially subscribes to the service, and the series of "electronic publications" in which the user uses the service in earnest By comparing the "current hardware information" of the user-side client (1) identified in the "streaming service usage time", and by doing so, the streaming process of the electronic publication does not proceed at all except the party user who has just purchased However, even if an unauthorized user transfers an ID, password, etc. of a political party user, the illegal publication may be blocked from use at random.

By the implementation of the present invention, when illegal access of electronic publications is unlawfully blocked, arbitrary users give up indiscriminate illegal transfer of ID / password, and so on. Companies can easily avoid the unexpected and enormous damage.

On the other hand, in the above-described step S20, the user is a user having a registration ID / registration password of asd123 / P4693a, and the hardware information of the user is registered as, for example, " hard disk = 374191, operating system = 164PP " The hardware information is also " hard disk = 374191, operating system = 164PP " Then, when it is determined that the two items coincide with each other, the electronic publication management server 10 determines that the user currently logged in is a legitimate user, and the user side client The process of transmitting a series of electronic publication selection pages is proceeded to (1) (step S22). In this case, the electronic publication management server 10 requests the D / B management server 30 to extract, for example, operational information, and the D / B management server 30 operates as soon as the request message is delivered. Operational information stored in the information D / B 61 is quickly transmitted to the electronic publication management server (10).

Through this process, when a series of operational information is transmitted, the electronic publication management server 10 generates a series of electronic publication selection pages based on the operational information, and displays the completed electronic publication selection page on the user side client 1. To deliver quickly. In this case, the user-side client 1 quickly interprets the electronic publication selection page 210 delivered from the electronic publication management server 10 and displays it, as shown in FIG. 7, so that the user wants to stream. Create an environment for freely selecting electronic publications.

In this state, the electronic publication management server 10 determines whether a series of electronic publication selection events have occurred from the user side client 1 (step S23).

At this time, if it is determined that no separate electronic publication selection event has occurred from the user side client 1, the electronic publication management server 10 proceeds to step S24 to maintain a series of standby states.

However, if the user selects, for example, the download item 211 of the electronic publication selection page 210, and it is determined that a series of electronic publication selection events have occurred from the user side client 1, the electronic publication management server 10 determines the user side. The process of transmitting a series of streaming information pages to the client 1 is performed (step S25).

This streaming information page describes the type of electronic publication file that the client side should receive streaming and information about the URL of the electronic publication streaming server to request streaming of the electronic publication file.

Through the above-mentioned process, when a series of streaming information pages are transmitted from the electronic publication management server 10, the user side client 1 identifies the electronic publication streaming server 20 based on the information described in this streaming information page. Requests streaming of an electronic publication with a file name. In this case, the electronic publication streaming server 20 requests the extraction of the electronic publication information, for example, to the D / B management server 30, and the D / B management server prompts the electronic publication information as soon as the request message is delivered. The electronic publication information stored in the D / B 30 is transmitted to the electronic publication streaming server 20.

Through this process, when a series of electronic publication information is delivered, the electronic publication streaming server 20 transmits the electronic publication information to the user side client in real time, and as a result, the user side client displays the plug as shown in FIG. 8. The user 212 is displayed through the user 212, and thus, the party user can effectively utilize various information held by the electronic publication according to his / her needs (step S26). Subsequently, the electronic publication management server 10 determines again whether or not another electronic publication selection event has occurred from the user side client 1 (step S27). At this time, if it is determined that no separate electronic publication selection event has occurred from the user side client 1, the electronic publication management server 10 ends the flow.

However, if the user selects another download item of the electronic publication selection page 210, for example, and it is determined that the series of electronic publication selection events from the user side client 1 have occurred once again consecutively, the electronic publication management server 10 By repeating and proceeding the aforementioned steps S25 and S26, the party user's use of the electronic publication can be further continued.

Thereafter, whenever the electronic publication management server 10 is requested to stream various electronic publication information from any user-side client 1, the above-mentioned "series of party user authentication process based on hardware information" is repeatedly performed. This ensures that a series of "electronic publication accesses" by unauthorized users are essentially blocked.

As described in detail above, in the present invention, "initial hardware information" of a user-side client identified at a series of "initial subscription points" at which a user initially subscribes to a service, and a series of "e-published publications" in which the user uses the service in earnest The process of comparing the "current hardware information" of the user-side client identified at the "use point of service" is carried out, and through this, the streaming process of the electronic publication is prevented from proceeding at all except for a party user who has justly purchased.

In this case, even if an illegal user is transferred unauthorizedly the ID, password, etc. of a party user, the illegal user cannot use the electronic publication arbitrarily, and thus, illegal transfer of ID / password by an unspecified majority can be suppressed to a minimum. As a result, the copyright holder of the electronic publication, the seller of the electronic publication, and the like can easily avoid the enormous and unexpected damage caused by the illegal use of the electronic publication.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated above, it will be apparent that the invention may be embodied in various modifications by those skilled in the art.

Such modified embodiments should not be understood individually from the technical spirit or point of view of the present invention and such modified embodiments should fall within the scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

Sending a series of hardware information extraction applications to any user-side client; Determining whether hardware information of the user-side client has been transmitted from the hardware information extraction application; When hardware information of the user-side client is transmitted from the hardware information extracting application, determining whether hardware information of the user-side client matches registered hardware information previously registered; Determining whether a series of electronic publication selection events has occurred from the user-side client when the hardware information of the user-side client matches the registered hardware information previously registered; And streaming a series of electronic publication information to the user-side client when the electronic publication selection event occurs from the user-side client. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining whether a series of subscription events has occurred from the user side client before transmitting the series of hardware information extraction applications to the user side client; Transmitting a series of subscription pages and a hardware information extraction application to the user side client when a series of subscription events occur from the user side client; Determining whether a series of subscription data and hardware information of the user side client have been transmitted from the user side client; If the subscription data and hardware information of the user-side client are transmitted from the user-side client, registering and storing the subscription data and hardware information of the user-side client are further performed. .