KR20020046613A - Method for Underground constrution outside waterproofing in limited space - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An outer waterproofing method for underground structure having small working space is provided for accomplishing outer waterproofing of an underground concrete structure having a small working space. CONSTITUTION: The outer waterproofing method for underground structure having small working space comprises a step for fixing a base layer on the outer wall of an underground structure using fixing materials to prevent breaking down of surrounding earth and sand, wherein the fixing materials can be a soil protection panel or a cement slurry wall; a step for forming a waterproofing layer by injecting a waterproofing liquid on the base layer at 100-500 psi and; a step for forming an adhesive layer by applying adhesive paint on the waterproofing layer. Consequently, outer waterproofing of an underground concrete structure having small working space is accomplished conveniently and economically.

Description

Method for Underground constrution outside waterproofing in limited space}

The present invention relates to a method of waterproofing underground structures having a narrow space. The present invention relates to a base layer by fixing materials on the outer circumferential wall surfaces such as soil screens and cement slurry walls, which are made to prevent the collapse of surrounding soils generated by digging into the underground vertical. Fixed and forming a waterproof layer and an adhesive layer on the base layer in sequence to provide a more economical, more complete and convenient underground waterproofing of the concrete structure in the inner city where the working space is narrowly restricted. It relates to a method of waterproofing the structure.

In general, in the case of underground structures, the earth wall or groundwater pressure increases depending on the depth of the outer wall, and there is always groundwater with a certain pressure, and as the time passes, it penetrates into the interior of the structure and leads to leakage accidents. It is also built. In addition, the moisture that is always in contact lowers the durability of the concrete structure affects the life of the structure. Therefore, the outer peripheral wall of the underground structure that is in contact with the groundwater is provided with a waterproof layer for protecting the structure or preventing leakage. In recent years, the construction of underground structures has been frequently performed due to the industrial infrastructure and population concentration in urban areas, or the transportation of such people and materials, and the deepening of transportation facilities. This is done by avoiding the parts, so it is constrained by the workspace. Therefore, even in the case of the waterproof layer installed on the outside of the structure, there are no exceptions to the construction problems that must be constructed in a narrow space without any exceptions, and the condition that the physical properties such as impact resistance, adhesion, etc. according to the concrete pouring later installed after the waterproof layer is also good Must be satisfied.

Conventionally, the method that is used for waterproofing underground structures is largely divided into the waterproof and the waterproof method. The protective layer is divided into post-installation methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of the underground waterproof method are shown in Table 1.

<Table 1> Comparison of underground waterproofing method

Foreign water Waterproof Preliminary construction method Post-construction method Overview of Public Law Before the reinforcing bars and formwork, waterproofing works on the wall part. When the waterproofing layer construction is completed, reinforcement and mold construction are performed and concrete is poured. Since the outer wall concrete work is completed, waterproofing is performed on the outside of the sphere, and the backfilling of soil is performed by constructing a protective layer on the outside of the waterproofing layer. When the exterior wall concrete work is completed, waterproofing work is performed inside the sphere. Advantages By placing the waterproof layer on the side where water pressure is applied, it is possible to form a membrane waterproof layer and to exhibit waterproofness and moisture resistance. Workability is good because work is performed before construction of concrete works. By placing the waterproof layer on the side where the water pressure is applied, it is possible to form a membrane waterproof layer and to exhibit waterproofness and moisture resistance. Since the spherical surface is visible, it is possible to repair the breaker on the side where the water pressure is applied, and to exhibit an exponential effect. Workability is good because you can work indoors. Repairing is possible by seeing the degree of leakage. Repairing is possible because you can see the leakage situation over time. Disadvantages After construction of the waterproofing layer, there is concrete construction (rebar, gas welding, etc.), so it is necessary to protect the waterproofing layer from damage. A working space is required between the sphere and the retaining wall, so the amount of excavation is also backfilled, so a protective layer is required to prevent damage to the waterproof layer. Because water pressure acts between the waterproof layer and the sphere, it is limited to the type of waterproof layer that has strong adhesion.It is difficult to prevent moisture through the outer wall sphere because cement-based waterproofing is mainly used. It may not be possible to block the flow afterwards.

As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the pre-construction method is advantageous when the working space is narrow in the outer water, rather than the inner water installed in the concrete structure as the underground waterproof method.

In addition, as shown in Table 2 below, the types of waterproofing materials used in the conventional underground waterproofing work, the outermost membrane after using the coating film such as asphalt sheet, synthetic polymer sheet, urethane, etc. as the most complete underground waterproofing method so far. Although the number has been in the spotlight, it is applied to underground structures that can afford to work spaces, and the space of waterproof spaces for waterproofing work as seen in the waterproofing construction of civil structures such as underground, or subways, etc. It is unable to cope with improvement of workability due to shortage, shortening of air, and the like, and has been refluxed and rarely used in recent years.

<Table 2> Types of waterproofing materials for underground waterproofing

Application method Construction method Waterproofing (rubber asphalt) It is a product that demands are increasing rapidly in recent years, but it has excellent physical properties in all respects. However, care should be taken to form a uniform thickness of the coating layer when constructing it. Sheet waterproof Although it is widely used in subways and large constructions, it is necessary to fully examine the bond strength between sheets and joints between sheets. Asphalt waterproof As a conventional construction method, the usage is decreasing due to the complexity of the construction environment and construction.

Of course, in order to solve this problem, although the pre-construction external waterproofing method of attaching or applying improved asphalt sheet, rubber asphalt coating waterproofing, etc. to the earthen board is used in part, adhesion with concrete to be poured later, construction that takes a long time Due to the shortage of the waterproof layer itself, such as period, odor occurrence, and the occurrence of defects, it is also a mistake to make leaking defects frequently even if a huge construction cost is not provided.

As such, due to the characteristics of the structure that does not have enough free space to form a waterproof layer, such as downtown, it is difficult to expect a perfect waterproof, therefore, the development of a new waterproof method that overcomes these problems and can achieve the rationalization of construction need.

In order to solve this problem, it is currently mainly used as a waterproofing method for underground outer walls in limited urban development spaces, and a waterproof material made of sheet or mat using anchored bentonite minerals introduced from the United States, such as anchors, etc. As a fixing material, there is a waterproofing method to fix the formwork of the outer periphery, and has attracted attention due to the property that can be swollen by absorbing the moisture of bentonite mineral, and to return to its original shape when the moisture is released. However, even in this waterproof method, if a constant water pressure or earth pressure from the outside is not continuously applied, part of the bentonite dissolved in the water is eluted, and thus the volume is reduced. Therefore, the waterproofing function does not function as a waterproof layer and causes water leakage. . In particular, in the domestic site of poor site conditions, such leaks occur frequently, causing a lot of damage to the durability and life of the structure, there are various problems.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, the object of which is to facilitate the work by making the outer and outer water of the concrete structure in the inner city of the narrowly restricted working space to facilitate the work, shorten the working time, economical It is to provide a waterproofing method for underground structures with a narrow space to reduce the burden.

The present invention provides a method for waterproofing underground and underground of concrete structures; Partially fixing the base layer by a fixing material on the outer circumferential wall surface such as a soil barrier or cement slurry wall, which is made to prevent the collapse of the surrounding soil generated by digging into the vertical ground; and 100 to 500 psi water resistant to the base layer. Forming a waterproof layer by spraying, and forming an adhesive layer by applying an adhesive paint on the formed waterproof layer can be more economically convenient for the underground waterproofing of the concrete structure in the inner city where the working space is narrowly restricted. It is to provide a waterproofing method for underground structures with limited space.

1 is an exemplary view showing a configuration according to the present invention

Figure 2 is an exemplary view showing a fixed state of the base layer by the fixing material

* Brief description of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

(1): fixing material (2): base layer

(3): underground circumference wall surface (4): waterproof layer

(5): adhesive layer (6): concrete

(7): Ground

1 is an exemplary view showing a configuration according to the present invention, Figure 2 is an exemplary view showing a fixed state of the base layer by the fixing material, the present invention uses the fixing material (1) to the base layer (2) It is fixed to the basement outer wall 3, such as earth retaining boards, cement slurry wall, and the like to form a waterproof layer (4) by spraying on the base layer (2), and then mixing the adhesive and inorganic skeleton on the waterproof layer (4) One adhesive paint is applied to form an adhesive layer 5.

The fixing material (1) is to fix the base layer (2), using an anchor bolt or nail with a flange made of stainless steel, iron, or other alloy steel, and the base layer (2) to earthen board or cement slurry The part is fixed to the underground outer peripheral wall surface 3 such as a wall easily. That is, the base layer 2 is prevented from sagging or breakage of the base layer 2 due to the flow generated when pouring the concrete 6 by the fixing material (1).

The base layer 2 is partially fixed to the basement outer wall 3 such as a retainer board or cement slurry wall by the fixing member 1, and the sprayed (sprayed) waterproof liquid does not leak and the surface of the base layer 2 Use a composite sheet with a woven or nonwoven fabric attached to one side of a sheet made of hard or soft synthetic resin or rubber to form a uniform waterproof layer 4 on the woven fabric, or a woven fabric made of polyester, nylon, glass fiber, or the like. Use a nonwoven fabric.

The waterproof layer 4 is formed by spraying (spray) at a spray pressure of 100 to 500 psi on the base layer 2, and can be sprayed like polyurea, emulsion-based waterproof material, polyurethane, etc. It is formed by spraying. In particular, the super hard urethane waterproofing layer 4, which hardens within 3 minutes after injection and forms a solid waterproof film within 30 minutes, is most preferable because of excellent physical strength such as tensile strength, tear strength, impact resistance, and the like.

The adhesive layer 5 is applied on the waterproof layer 4 in order to improve the adhesion to the concrete to be poured later, an adhesive paint mixed with an adhesive such as urethane-based, epoxy-based, and inorganic aggregate such as cement, sand, silica sand, etc. Is formed on the waterproof layer (4) sprayed and formed on the base layer (2).

In the present invention configured as described above, first, by using anchor bolts or nails on the outer wall 3 of the outer circumferential wall, such as earthen board or cement slurry wall, woven or nonwoven fabric on one side of the sheet made of hard or soft synthetic resin or rubber Using the attached composite sheet or partially fixing the woven or nonwoven fabric made of polyester, nylon, glass fiber, etc., and spraying polyurethane, polyurea, emulsion-based waterproofing material on the fixed composite sheet or woven or nonwoven fabric. After spraying (spraying) at ˜500 psi to form the waterproof layer 4, the adhesive layer 5 is formed by applying a paint mixed with a gluing agent and an inorganic aggregate on the waterproof layer 4. At this time, when using a nonwoven or woven fabric as the base layer 2, the spraying of the waterproofing material is sprayed at an inclination angle of about 10 ° to 45 ° angle to form a waterproof layer (4).

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples.

(Example 1)

It is necessary to minimize the influence of external groundwater in order to make the waterproofing construction method for the underground exterior wall more complete. Therefore, the part fixing (partial bonding) method was adopted to insulate the waterproof layer 4 from the earthen board, and for this purpose, the cross section is an improved asphalt or synthetic polymer sheet, and the other side can impregnate the waterproof layer 4. While the impregnation of the sheet or the waterproof layer 4 of the woven or nonwoven fabric is good, the mechanical or simple woven or nonwoven fabric that does not penetrate through the waterproofing liquid even at a spray pressure of 100 to 500 psi is mechanically simple with nails or anchors with a flange. The method of fixing to rock or earthen board is adopted.

As a result, the waterproofing layer 4 and the retaining board or rock form an insulated form, and the groundwater supplied from the ground flows down the waterproofing layer 4 and is naturally discharged through the drain hole, thereby relieving the burden of the waterproofing layer 4 first. It was confirmed that the effect can be maximized.

(Example 2)

Polyurethane, polyurea, and emulsion-based waterproofing materials that can be sprayed (spray) can be used to secure the durability, workability and economic efficiency of the waterproofing layer 4, and can be easily installed even in a narrow space. In addition, it was confirmed that the super hard polyurethane waterproof material forming a solid waterproof film within 30 minutes was excellent in various performances including economics. The physical properties of the superhard polyurethane used here are shown in Table 3 below, and the specifications of the spraying tool used are shown in Table 4 below. The physical properties of the waterproof layer 4 thus formed are shown in the following Tables 5 to 13.

<Table 3> Properties of Ultra-Carbide Polyurethane Materials

Item Measure SRU-850R SRU-850H Liquid Exterior Pale yellow liquid Coloring liquid Viscosity (cps) 400-600 700-800 importance 1.08 1.03 Nonvolatile matter (%) 100 100 Workability Compounding cost 100: 100 Tack frdd time (seconds) 3 to 5 Curing time (minutes) 3 to 5 Walking Time (min) 30 to 60 Coating, physical property Hardness (shore-A) 85 Tensile Strength (㎏f / ㎠) 130 ± 30 Tear strength (㎏f / ㎝) 50 ± 20 Elongation (%) 450 ± 100

<Table 4> Specifications of Spray Tool (Spray)

weight 175㎏ (219kg with oil for hydraulic pump) size 119 x 102 x 56 cm power 45A, 200 / 220V, 50 / 60㎐, 3p, AC, 17Kva (13.6Kw) A i r Air required to run Drumpump or Gun. Discharge pressure Up to 200 psi Discharge 13㎏ / min Hose length Up to 93m

Table 5 Tensile Strength and Elongation

Product Name Test Items Primary Secondary 3rd Average Remarks Polyurethane waterproofing Tensile Strength (㎏f / ㎠) 64.13 62.57 50.78 59.16 Elongation (%) 110.05 77.20 62.25 83.16 Ultra-high speed polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 50g) Tensile Strength (㎏f / ㎠) 67.58 67.69 65.46 66.91 Elongation (%) 166.80 151.10 188.95 168.95 Ultra-fast polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 30g) Tensile Strength (㎏f / ㎠) 60.67 53.31 66.19 60.05 Elongation (%) 259.65 188.95 331.90 260.16 Ultra-fast polyurethane over base layer (2) (PE sheet) Tensile Strength (㎏f / ㎠) 80.86 83.35 66.78 76.99 Elongation (%) 75.55 79.85 72.95 76.11

TABLE 6 Temperature (High Temperature) Dependence Measurement Results

Product Name Test Items 1 hour after 60 ℃ Remarks Primary Secondary 3rd Average Polyurethane Tensile Strength (㎏f / ㎠) 64.69 59.80 52.78 59.09 Ultra-high speed polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 50g) Tensile Strength (㎏f / ㎠) 72.10 83.28 74.91 76.76 Ultra-fast polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 30g) Tensile Strength (㎏f / ㎠) 71.87 77.42 70.73 73.34 Ultra-fast polyurethane over base layer (2) (PE sheet) Tensile Strength (㎏f / ㎠) 93.06 77.86 74.31 81.74

Table 7 Temperature (Low Temperature) Dependency Measurement Results

Product Name Test Items After 1 hour at -20 ℃ Remarks Primary Secondary 3rd Average Polyurethane Elongation (%) 128.5 135.4 131.1 131.66 Ultra-high speed polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 50g) Elongation (%) 148.1 164.0 166.7 159.60 Ultra-fast polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 30g) Elongation (%) 191.3 161.3 196.7 183.10 Ultra-fast polyurethane over base layer (2) (PE sheet) Elongation (%) 122.07 125.03 124.42 123.84

<Table 8> Tensile strength measurement results after deterioration treatment

Product Name Test Items Primary Secondary 3rd Average Remarks Tensile Strength Ratio% Polyurethane Heat treatment 112.76 88.67 89.40 96.94 Alkali treatment 96.70 115.16 111.50 107.78 Ultra-high speed polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 50g) Heat treatment 144.85 127.56 112.96 128.45 Alkali treatment 100.57 93.01 94.23 95.93 Ultra-fast polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 30g) Heat treatment 154.95 170.50 154.95 160.13 Alkali treatment 113.49 120.25 116.88 116.87 Ultra-fast polyurethane over base layer (2) (PE sheet) Heat treatment 119.09 128.84 133.55 127.16 Alkali treatment 100.35 101.14 101.14 100.87

TABLE 9 Elongation measurement results after deterioration treatment

Product Name Test Items Primary Secondary 3rd Average Remarks Elongation rate% Polyurethane Heat treatment 270.35 313.09 120.06 234.50 Alkali treatment 129.67 116.99 102.14 116.26 Ultra-high speed polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 50g) Heat treatment 125.01 86.27 98.82 103.36 Alkali treatment 103.14 91.51 94.93 96.52 Ultra-fast polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 30g) Heat treatment 93.46 115.50 107.28 105.41 Alkali treatment 111.12 123.09 109.20 114.47 Ultra-fast polyurethane over base layer (2) (PE sheet) Heat treatment 91.43 105.43 97.81 98.22 Alkali treatment 135.25 128.74 128.74 130.91

<Table 10> Tear performance measurement results

Product Name Test Items Primary Secondary 3rd Average Remarks Polyurethane Tear strength (㎏f / ㎝) 19.34 23.16 21.01 21.17 Ultra-high speed polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 50g) Tear strength (㎏f / ㎝) 51.37 48.76 44.23 48.12 Ultra-fast polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 30g) Tear strength (㎏f / ㎝) 51.37 48.76 44.23 48.12 Ultra-fast polyurethane over base layer (2) (PE sheet) Tear strength (㎏f / ㎝) 51.36 58.94 52.73 54.34

<Table 11> Wear Resistance Test Results

Product Name Test result Remarks Ultra-high speed polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 50g) clear Ultra-fast polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 30g) clear Ultra-fast polyurethane over base layer (2) (PE sheet) clear

<Table 12> Impact resistance test results

Test body Impact resistance test result (visual observation) Remarks 0.5M 1.0M 1.5M 2.0M Ultra-high speed polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 50g) clear clear Slightly recessed Slightly recessed Ultra-fast polyurethane waterproofing material on base layer (2) (nonwoven fabric 30g) clear clear Slightly recessed Slightly recessed Ultra-fast polyurethane over base layer (2) (PE sheet) clear clear Slightly recessed Slightly recessed

<Table 13> Water resistance test results

Kinds Test result Remarks Nonwoven Fabric Composite Layer clear Composite layer using PE sheet clear

(Example 3)

In order to improve adhesion between the waterproof layer 4 and the concrete to be poured later, the inorganic layer such as cement, sand, silica sand, etc. is mixed with an adhesive such as urethane or epoxy on the surface of the waterproof layer 4 and applied with a roller or a brush. , This increases adhesion. In Table 14 below, aggregates were added to the water-soluble epoxy adhesive to form an adhesive layer 5, and the results of measuring adhesion with concrete are shown. However, it can be confirmed that sufficient adhesion is shown by doing so.

<Table 14> Result of adhesion performance test

Product Name Adhesion Strength (㎏f / ㎠) Remarks Bonding performance with concrete 15 17 20 Average 17.3

The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific preferred embodiments, and various modifications can be made by any person having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention claimed in the claims. Of course, such changes will fall within the scope of the claims.

As described above, the present invention partially installs the base layer 2 on the basement outer wall by the fixing member 1, and forms the waterproof layer 4 on the base layer 2 so that the basement outer wall and the waterproof layer 4, such as a retaining board, are formed. By insulated, the effect of external groundwater can be minimized, and the base layer 2 can be fixed mechanically and easily to a rock or earthen board through a flanged nail or anchor, thereby reducing the fixing time, It can be easily installed even in a small space.

In addition, the base layer (2) is formed on the outer circumferential wall surface of the earthen board, cement slurry wall, etc., and the waterproof layer (4) is formed thereon. ) Is formed.

In addition, by using a polyurethane, polyurea, emulsion-based waterproofing material that can be sprayed (spray) can be formed continuously to the waterproof layer (4) to prevent leakage from the seam portion, the base layer (2) It is integrated with, secured durability, constructability and economic feasibility, and greatly shortened construction period.

In addition, by forming an adhesive layer (5) in which inorganic minerals such as cement, sand, silica sand, etc. are mixed in the adhesive such as urethane or epoxy on the waterproof layer 4, there are many effects such as improving adhesion to the poured concrete.

Claims (5)

In the underground and waterproofing method of the concrete structure; Partially fixing the foundation layer by a fixing material on the wall of the outer circumference of the earth, such as a soil barrier or cement slurry wall, which is made to prevent the collapse of the surrounding soil generated by digging into the underground vertical; Spraying a waterproofing solution at 100 to 500 psi on the base layer to form a waterproofing layer, The method for waterproofing the underground structure having a narrow space, characterized in that the adhesive layer is formed on the formed waterproof layer to form an adhesive layer. The method of claim 1; The base layer is selected from the group consisting of a composite sheet attached to a woven or nonwoven fabric on one side of a sheet made of hard or soft synthetic resin or rubber, and a woven or nonwoven fabric made of polyester, nylon, glass fiber, etc. The method of waterproofing underground structures with a narrow space, characterized in that the installation. The method of claim 1; Wherein the waterproof layer is a waterproof structure of the underground structure narrow space, characterized in that formed by selecting and spraying from the group consisting of polyurea, emulsion, polyurethane waterproof material. The method of claim 1; Wherein the adhesive paint is a space-saving underground structure narrow space, characterized in that the adhesive and the inorganic aggregate is mixed. The method of claim 4; Wherein the adhesive is urethane-based, epoxy-based adhesives of the narrow space structure, characterized in that the mixing of the exterior waterproofing method.