KR20020029082A - Stowage pieces for securing the position of containers placed on board ships and method for stowing containers - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to stacking pieces 26, 28 which prevent the horizontal displacement of containers located onboard. When loading a 20 foot container 20 in a stack or cell for a 40 foot container, the two 20 foot containers 20 are mounted at corner fittings 21, 22 oriented towards each other to form a 40 foot container unit. ) Are joined to each other continuously in the longitudinal direction. For this purpose, a particular double stack 26 is used. These stacking pieces 26, 28 must be located on the upper corner fitting 21 of the container preloaded on board before the next container is loaded. This requires the use of auxiliary supports on preloaded containers on board that no longer comply with current safety legislation. In the present invention, on land, loading pieces 26, 28 are pre-locked under the lower corner fitting 22 of the 20 foot container 20, and the container, in particular two mutually coupled 20 foot container 20, is provided. Is continuously positioned on the container pre-positioned on the line so that the lower loading cones 31, 35 of the loading pieces 26, 28 are not locked vertically with the corner fitting portions 21 of the container located below. And loosely inserted into the upper corner fit 21 of the container located below. As a result, it is possible to adhere to safety regulations without the need for the use of auxiliary supports onboard when loading containers.

Description

FIELD OF CONTAINERS PLACED ON BOARD SHIPS AND METHOD FOR STOWING CONTAINERS}

The container is fixed on board in a wide range of ways. Containers to be loaded below the deck are fixed to the outer corners of the container stack by an upright guide, ie a so-called stacker. In addition, the stack is arranged between the mutually oriented corner fittings of the stacked containers.

The load posts are arranged vertically to guide the outer corners of the 40 foot containers, resulting in the so-called load cells. Within such a 40ft container loading cell a smaller 20ft container is also loaded. In this case, two 20-foot containers running in the longitudinal direction of each case occupy a space of 40-foot containers. In order to prevent any displacement of 20 foot containers, more specifically their mutually oriented ends, on a loading space for a 40 foot container, two 20 foot containers in each case are combined with one 40 foot Form a unit. To this end, a loading piece having a bridge-type plate is used which bridges the space between adjacent ends of successive 20 foot containers.

Known loading pieces are placed on the upper corner fits of the containers already loaded in the cargo compartment before further containers are placed on them. For this purpose, an assistant is employed who must work on the container in the cargo compartment in order to assign the loading piece to the upper corner fitting of the already loaded container. Recent safety legislation no longer allows these assistants to work on containers in cargo holds.

On the basis of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for loading a loading piece and a container in which (international) safety regulations can be satisfied in a simple manner.

The present invention relates to a stacking piece for fixing the position of a linear container according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a method for loading a container on line according to the preamble of claim 12.

1 shows two 20 foot containers hanging on a spreader with a loading piece locked to the lower corner fitting, FIG.

FIG. 2 shows a loading piece partially inserted into the lower corner fittings of two upper containers, FIG.

3 shows the stacking piece of FIG. 2 in an arrangement between four corner fittings of a 20 foot container, one on top of the other, stacked one after another in the longitudinal direction;

4 is a view showing the stacking piece of FIG. 3 seen from below;

FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of a stack between four corner fittings of a 20 foot container stacked one above the other;

6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the lower loading cone of the loading piece of FIG. 5;

7 is a view showing the stacking piece of FIG. 6 seen from below;

8 shows a third embodiment of a loading piece between four corner fittings, similar to FIG. 3;

9 is a view showing a loading piece in the locked position of FIG. 8 as viewed from the side;

10 is a view showing the stacking piece of FIG. 9 in a state partially detached from the lower corner fitting portion of the upper container;

FIG. 11 shows a fourth embodiment of a loading piece under two mutually oriented corner fittings of a 20 foot container with one behind the other in the longitudinal direction;

12 is a side view of the stacking piece of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 shows a fifth embodiment of a loading piece between four corner fitting portions similar to FIG. 3;

14 is a side view of the stacking piece of FIG. 13;

15 is a view showing the stacking piece of FIG. 13 seen from below;

FIG. 16 shows a sixth embodiment of a stacking piece similar to FIG. 3;

17 is a side view of the mounting piece of FIG. 16, and

It is a figure which shows the loading piece of FIG. 16 seen from below.

(Reference Number List)

20 20ft Container 21 Top Corner Fitting

22 Lower corner fitting 23 Side

24 Spreader 25 Coupling Means

26 Loading piece 27 Bridge plate

28 Load piece 29 Operator

30 port 31 loading cone

32 Loading cone 33 Loading piece

34 Bridge plate 35 Loading cone

36 Loading Cones 37 Loading Cones

38 spacers 39 spacing

40 Center 41 Cross Latch

42 retaining protrusions 43 slots

44 Slot 45 Center

46 Cross Latch 47 Center

48 cone head 49 shaft

50 hole 51 locking element

52 handles 53 plates

54 Locking Pin 55 Upper Wall

56 Blind Hole 57 Slope

58 Load piece 59 Locking element

60 Double lever 61 Short leg

62 Long Legs 63 Pivot

64 Groove 65 Stacking Piece

66 Loading Cones 67 Loading Cones

68 Loaded cone 69 Center

70 Upper side 71 Bearing block

72 pivot 73 double lever

74 Long Legs 75 Short Legs

76 Free end 77 Free end

78 Slot 79 Loaded

80 Loading Cones 81 Loading Cones

82 Retaining protrusions 83 Center

84 Fillings 85 Guide groove

86 hole 87 slot

88 Upper side 89 Loaded piece

90 loading cone 91 loading cone

92 Bridge Plate 93 Fillings

94 Centering 95 Locking Protrusion

96 Guide groove 97 Side

One loading piece to achieve this object is a loading cone used for locking the lower corner fitting of the upper container, especially when 20 feet containers are connected to form one 40 foot container unit. To provide. This makes it possible to provide the loading piece on the container in advance outside the ship and to lower the loading piece with the container on the footing of the lower container on the ship or the corresponding cargo compartment bottom. Hazardous work by auxiliary personnel on containers in the cargo hold of a ship can be ruled out as a result.

With the development of the loading piece, the other loading cone on the same side of the bridged plate has a movable locking element while the loading piece can be locked under the corresponding corner fitting of the container by the relative movement of the entire loading piece. In this way two adjacent loading cones are provided on one side of the bridged plate which connects the 20 foot containers to design one loading cone, more specifically on the upper side of the bridged plate. In this case, only one of the two loading cones needs to have a moving part.

The locking element assigned to the corresponding loading cone is designed, for example, as a crosslatch. This can be rotated by rotating the loading cone located on the other side of the bridged plate. When the crosslatch is rotated to its locked position, this loading cone located below the corresponding upper loading cone is rotated to move to a position that allows insertion into the corner fitting of the lower container.

Furthermore, in order to ensure that the loading piece locked under the upper container cannot be detached before being placed on the lower container, the cross latch is fixed on the upper loading cone by the locking element at least in its locking position.

One method for achieving the object mentioned in the first half has the features of claim 12. Thus, the loading pieces are locked under the bottom corner fitting of the container, and then these containers with loading pieces locked under their lower corner fitting are placed under the ship's deck (in cargo compartment), more specifically, It is preferably loaded on a container located directly below or above the bottom of the cargo compartment. This type of loading no longer requires the assistant staff to place the loading pieces on containers preloaded in the cargo compartment. As a result, the method according to the invention satisfies the safety legislation applied in a surprisingly simple manner.

This method uses two cones located next to each other in each case on each side of the center bridged plate, i.e. a total of four cones or two at the ends oriented mutually using only two cones on the bridged plate. In addition to locking double stacks that join two 20 foot containers together, all stacks assigned to the corner fittings of the container, more specifically one central abutment and on both sides of the abutment It is suitable for locking individual loading pieces in the outer corner of the container with only one loading cone on the upper side of the two loading cones or the abutment portion. This method is particularly suitable for loading two 20 foot containers which are connected longitudinally and moved onboard and which are suspended under a common transport frame (spreader) (so-called tandem lift). In this case, the loading pieces are locked under the lower corner fittings of these containers since both 20 foot containers are still suspended under the spreader from the dock or another location on the ground. More specifically, the individual loading pieces are locked to the outer corner fittings of the two 20 foot containers and the double loading pieces for connecting the adjacent lower corner fittings are locked in the longitudinal direction of the two 20 foot containers.

According to one preferred form of the invention, the loading pieces under the lower corner fit of the 20 foot containers which are positioned and connected back and forth can more preferably be displaced in the opposite direction, for example by 10 mm in each case. This means that the lower corners of the 20-foot containers that are connected to each other if the ends do not have a standard spacing of 76 mm and instead have 20-foot containers with larger or smaller spacing between their mutually oriented ends It makes it possible to lock the stacks under the fitting.

The possibility of displacing the loading piece under the lower corner fitting is achieved by loading cones engaged in the slots in the lower corner fitting with some clearance in the longitudinal direction of the slot. This clearance is preferably about 10 mm on each side, ie 20 mm in total. This clearance is achieved by all of the loading cones or their central pieces shorter than the slots, i.e. loading cones designed not to fill the slots completely in the longitudinal direction and / or shorter than the slots, are arranged at the mutually aligned ends of the 20 foot containers. When the spacing between them is greater or smaller than the standard spacing of 76 mm, the loading pieces have a spacing between each other that can be locked under the mutually oriented lower corner fittings of successive 20 foot containers. The loading pieces are preferably designed such that they can be locked under the lower corner fittings of the 20 foot container when their mutually oriented ends have a spacing in the range of 66 mm to 86 mm.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

The loading piece shown here is used to fix the horizontal position of a container loaded on board, in particular a ship. The loading piece is used simultaneously to connect two 20 foot containers 20 arranged one after another in the longitudinal direction to form a 40 foot container unit. In this case, the upper outer corner fitting 21 and the lower outer corner fitting 22 have a gap from each other that corresponds to the interval of the corner fitting of the 40 foot container. The upper corner fitting portion 21 and the lower corner fitting portion 22 on the mutually oriented ends of the two 20 foot containers 20 are spaced slightly from each other, so that the gap 39 having a width of typically 78 mm 39 ) Occurs between the upright mutually oriented sides 23 of both the upper corner fitting 21 and the lower corner fitting 22.

1 shows the longitudinal arrangement of two 20 foot containers 20 joined together to form a 40 foot container. Two 20 foot containers 20 are suspended below the spreader 24, for example. In order to load and load the container, the container 20 is suspended under a spreader 24 having a suitable engaging means 25, the engaging means 25 being the top of the two containers 20 sequentially positioned in the longitudinal direction. And all eight corner fittings 21 positioned at.

According to the invention, the mutually oriented ends of two 20 foot containers 20 are provided with a loading piece 26 connecting the 20 foot containers to form a 40 foot container unit before the 20 foot container is loaded into the cargo compartment of the vessel. It is locked under the lower corner fitting portion 22 of the. Here, the loading piece 26 in each case connects the two lower corner fittings 22 of adjacent containers by a flat horizontal bridged plate 27 (see FIG. 1). Similarly, in each case the individual stack pieces 28 provided in only one corner fitting 22 are locked to the outer lower corner fitting 22. The loading pieces 26 and 28 fit the lower corners of the 20 foot container 20 at locations outside the vessel where the operator 29 can work without risk exposure, for example, in the port 30 (see FIG. 1). It is locked under the fitting portion 22.

Four stacking pieces 28 are locked to the outer corner fitting 22, and two stacking pieces 26 connecting each of the two successive corner fittings 22 in the longitudinal direction are 20 foot containers. After being locked under (20), a 20-foot container (20) locked under the corner fitting portion (22) by the stacking pieces (26) and (28) is preferably on the floor for loading by the spreader (24). Preferably on a suitably dried footing, or on a preloaded container. During this process, the lower loading cones 31, 32, 35 of both the loading piece 26 and the loading piece 28 are transferred from above to the upper corner fitting portion 21 of the lower container or an appropriate receiver on the loading bottom. Move. The loading cones 31, 32, 35 are inserted into the upper corner fitting portion 21 in an unlocked state, so that there is no connection between the upper container and the lower container in the vertical direction. For this reason, when loading on a vessel, a container or loading bottom positioned below by a loading piece 26, 28 locked under the lower corner fitting portion 22 of the upper container when the 20 foot container 20 is loaded. Can be lifted from the receptor on the bed. Outside the ship, the loading pieces 26, 28 can be unlocked by the operator 29 and removed from the lower corner fitting 22 of the 20 foot container 20.

When two 20 foot containers 20 are stacked on one 40 foot container of the associated container cell, a continuous 20 foot container 20 does not have any loading cone under the bridged plate 34. 33) (see FIGS. 11 and 12).

Likewise, the loading piece with only the upper loading cone is locked to the outer lower corner fitting 22 of the 20 foot container 20. The 20 foot container 20 joined together is lowered onto the 40 foot container of the corresponding container cell of the ship by the loading cones 31, 32 locked under the corner fitting 22, and the loading piece 33. Since there is no lower loading cone on the top, the bridged plate 34 can be centered on a 40 foot container (without corner fitting). The junction of the outer loading piece rests on the upper corner fit of the 40 foot container. It is conceivable to arrange the loading piece 28 under the outer corner fitting 22 by means of the lower loading cone 32, which loading cone 32 has any vertical connection with respect to the lower 40 foot container. It also meshes from above with the outer corner fit of the 40 foot container.

The procedure is similar to the case where a 40 foot container is loaded on two 20 foot containers 20. In this case, the loading piece 28 is locked under the lower corner fitting 22 of the 40-foot container on land before the 40-foot container is placed on the two 20-foot containers 20 which are placed in a stowed position. have.

2-4 show the stack 26 joining two 20 foot containers 20 together to form a 40 foot container unit. The loading piece 26 is a flat horizontal bridge-shaped plate, which lies between the upper corner fitting portion 21 and the lower corner fitting portion 22 of the 20 foot container 20 which is stacked on top of one another. 27) and four loading cones (31, 35, 36, 37). The four stacking cones 31, 35, 36, 37 are all in different forms. The loading cones 31 and 35 are fixed to each other and preferably welded to each other at a lower distance on the lower side of the bridge plate 27. In contrast, the loading cones 36, 37 are connected to the upper side of the bridge-shaped plate 27, preferably by welding. Therefore, the two loading cones 31, 36 and the loading cones 35, 37 are each in the opposite end region of the bridged plate 27, more particularly in the lower side of the bridged plate 27 in each case. And on the upper side, they face each other in the vertical direction.

A spacer 38 is disposed approximately center between the lower loading cones 31, 35, which are connected to the lower side of the bridged plate 27 so that the two on the mutually oriented ends of the 20 foot container 20 are located. Engagement 39 between the two adjacent upper corner fittings 21. The width of the spacer 38 corresponds approximately to the defined width of the gap 39, so that the spacer 38 is supported between the mutually facing sides 23 of adjacent corner fittings 21, ie in the horizontal direction. Pressurized by

The top loading cone 36 (shown on the left side of FIGS. 2 and 3) is preferably integrally connected to the cylindrical center 40 and the cylindrical center, which extends from the top side of the bridge plate 27. It has a cross latch portion 41. The cross latch portion 41 has retaining protrusions 42 protruding on both sides of the central portion 40 transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bridge plate 34. These protrusions engage behind both sides of the lower slot 43 on the lower side of the corner fitting 22 from the inside of the corner fitting. The crosslatch 31 (left side of FIGS. 2 and 3) opposite the crosslatch 36 on the lower side of the bridged plate 27 is integral and fits the top corner of the corresponding 20ft container 20. It is sized to be pushed in through the upper slot 44 in the part 21. The free end of the crosslatch 31 is conical in order to facilitate the insertion of the loading cone 31 into the slot 44 of the upper corner fitting portion 21. The loading cone 31 on the corner fitting portion 21 is not locked in the vertical direction.

The second stacking cone 37 on the upper side of the bridged plate 27 is provided in the end region of the bridged plate 27 located opposite the stacking cone 36. The loading cone 37 is a multiple body. The loading cone 37 has a central portion 45 permanently connected to the upper side of the bridged plate 27 and a rotatable crosslatch 46 located at the top. The central portion 45 is designed to approximately fill the slot 45 of the lower corner fitting portion 22 by both area and depth. The rotatable crosslatch 46 on top of the center 45 extends approximately transversely oriented with respect to the longitudinal axis of the center 45 when the loading piece 26 is locked, and consequently the Both ends protrude with respect to the central portion 45 and engage from inside of both regions of the slot 43. When the crosslatch 46 is rotated 90 ° to the position shown in FIG. 2 with respect to the position shown in FIG. 3, the crosslatch is positioned coincident with the center 45, ie placed inside the contour of the center 45. So that crosslatch 46 can pass through slot 43.

The loading cone 35 on the lower side of the bridge plate 27 is located on the opposite side to the loading cone 37. The loading cones 35, 37 are therefore located opposite each other. The loading cone 35 has a center piece 47 and a cone head 48. The center piece 47 is connected to the lower side of the bridge plate 27 so as to face the center piece 45. The central piece 47 is designed to enter the slot 44. However, in height, the central piece 47 is sized so as not to extend through the entire depth of the slot 44 (see FIG. 3). The cone head 48 is provided in the center piece 47 so as to rotate. However, the cone head 48 is not connected to the center piece 47. Instead, the cone head 48 extends through a corresponding through hole approximately in the center of the center piece 47, the bridge-shaped plate 27 and the center piece 45 of the loading cone 37. It is fixed to one end of 49. An end of the shaft 49 positioned opposite the cone head 48 is rotatably connected to the crosslatch 46. By rotating the cone head 48, the cross latch 46 is rotated by the vertical shaft 49 from the locked position (see FIG. 3) to the unlocked position (see FIG. 2). When the crosslatch 46 is located in the locked position, the cone head 48 has the same elliptical bottom surface of the center piece 47 overlapping and the loading cone 35 is corner-fitted by the bottom surface. Occupies a position with respect to the center piece, which can be inserted into

A hole 50 located in the cone head is open on both sides, and the locking element 51 is completely received in the hole 50. The locking element 51 has a cylindrical handle 52 at the upper end on which the elongate plate 53 is arranged. In both end zones of the plate 53, in each case there are arranged locking pins 54 protruding upward with respect to the plate 53. The two locking pins 54 extend in a direction away from the handle through a suitable hole in the top wall 55 of the cone head 48. The length of the locking pin 54 is such that the upper free end region engages with the corresponding blind hole of the central piece 47 when the plate 53 is seated under the top wall 55 of the cone head 48. . In this position (see FIG. 3), the locking element 51, by means of the plate 53 and the locking pin 54, moves the handle 52 up against the top wall 55, ie in the hole 50. It is held by a compression spring (not shown) which presses on. The blind hole 56 in the center piece 47 of the loading cone 35 is positioned such that the crosslatch 46 located at the locking position (see FIG. 3) is locked by the upper end of the locking pin 54. The entire loading cone 35, in other words including the rotatable cone head 48, is positioned in such a position that it can pass into the upper slot 44 of the corresponding upper corner fitting 21 of the container.

By pressing the plate 53 with the locking pin 54 down by the handle, the compression spring is subjected to a compressive stress and the end of the locking pin 54 is completely received by the upper wall 55 of the cone head 48. Lowered, as a result of which the crosslatch 46 is unlocked, and the cone head 48 can be freely rotated below the center piece 47, as a result of which the crosslatch 46 of the loading cone 37 Is rotated simultaneously through the shaft 49.

Locking the loading piece 26 under the lower corner fitting portion 22 of the mutually facing end of the two 20 foot containers 20 is initially aligned laterally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the 20 foot container 20. By means of the loaded piece 26, the loading cone 36 is carried into the corresponding lower corner fitting 23 through the lower slot 43. As a result of the continued rotation of the stacking piece 26, the retaining protrusion 42 is seated on the opposite side region of the slot 43 in the corner fitting 22, and consequently the corner fitting 22. The loading cone 36 is locked below. At the same time, in this intermediate stage of the locking process, since the loading cone 37 is not yet engaged with the corresponding corner fitting 22 of the adjacent 20 foot container 20, the bridge-shaped plate 27 of the loading piece 26. ) Is still in an inclined position with respect to the lower side of the 20 foot container 20 (see FIG. 2). This inclined position of the bridge-shaped plate 27 of the stacking piece 26 under the corner fitting portion 22 is, by the locked stacking cone 36, the crosslatch portion 41 of the stacking cone 36. Is made by an appropriate inclined portion 57 below the retaining protrusion 42 of the.

Then, as a result of the bridged plate 27 being fully pivoted toward the lower side of both corner fittings 22, the loading cone 37 is slotted by the cross latch 46 positioned at the unlocked position. It is pushed into the corner fitting part 22 from the bottom through 43. As shown in FIG. By continuing to rotate the cone head 48 of the lower loading cone 35, the cross latch 46 is rotated 90 degrees by the shaft 49 to the locked position (see FIG. 3). The plate 53 with the locking pin 54 is lifted up by the compression spring of the handle 52, while at the same time the upper end section of the locking pin 54 is engaged with the hole 56 of the central piece 47. Therefore, by the locking element 51, the locking position of the cross latch 46 and the cone head 48 is fixed.

The continued locking of the cone head 48 when the 20 foot container 20 is in turn is filled by the upper portion of the cone head 48, in particular the area of the top wall 55 of the cone head 48. Carried out by a portion of the height of the slot 44 which is not filled by the lower central piece 47 under the bridged plate 27, so that the rotatable cone head is reliably fixed to the slot 44, resulting in As such, when the containers are stacked one after the other, the total rotational force exerted on the cone head 48 by the movement of the vessel does not have to be absorbed by the locking element 51, and therefore is not subjected to excessive stress.

5 and 6 show a loading piece in which the loading piece of FIGS. 2 to 4 differs from the only improved locking element 59. The same reference numerals are used for the same parts of the loading pieces 26 and 28.

The locking element 59 is also arranged in the opening 50 on both sides of the cone head 48. The locking element 59 only has an inclined double lever 60 with legs 61 and 62 of different lengths. The double lever 60 is mounted between the legs 61 and 62 so that it can pivot in the hole 50 with respect to the horizontal pivot 63. The pivot 63 is fixed to the upper corner of the hole 50. The short, upright leg 61 extends through the corresponding hole 50 of the top wall 55 of the cone head 48 and, in a substantially upright position, centers over the top side of the cone head 48. It is sized so that it may protrude into the recessed part of the lower side of the piece 47. In the illustrated embodiment, this recess is a continuous groove of the central piece 47, and consequently the end projecting upward of the short leg 61 of the double lever 60 is the groove (not shown) rotated 180 °. 64). The long leg 62 is inclined and extends through the hole 50. As a result of the inclined path of the long leg 62, due to its own load, the double lever 60 is designed to securely fix the cone head 48 and the cross latch 46 to the locked position of the loading cone 37. The short leg 61 is pivoted about the pivot 63 in such a way that it is substantially upright and necessarily engaged with the groove 64. When the double lever 60 is pivoted (counterclockwise with respect to that shown in FIG. 6) by lifting the leg 61, the short leg 61 is positioned completely within the cone head 48. And as a result is moved to a flat position, releasing from engagement with the groove 64 below the center piece 47, so that, for example, the crosslatch 46 is moved, and the cone head 48 is moved to the center piece 47. The cone head 48 is freely rotatable by the cross latch 46 to move to the unlocked position of the loading cone 37, which is laterally oriented with respect to.

The action of locking and unlocking the loading piece 58 under the corner fitting portion 22 of the 20 foot container 20 is performed in the same manner as in the loading piece 26.

7 to 10 show the stacking piece 65. This is different in that the loading pieces and the loading cones 36 of the different shape are different in one end region on the upper side of the bridge plate 27 only. Once again, the same reference numerals are used for the same remaining portions of the stack piece 26.

The loading cones 31 and 36 located on the left side of both the upper and lower sides of the bridge plate 27 are integrated. Arranged on the opposite right side (see FIG. 8) of the lower side of the bridged plate 27 corresponds to the loading cone 31 on the opposite lower side of the bridged plate 27. It is also integral and cannot be locked to the upper slot 44 of the upper corner fit 21 of the 20 foot container.

The top loading cone 68 (right side of FIG. 8) is designed in a special way. The upper loading cone 68 has a central piece 69 which is designed similarly to the central piece 45 of the loading cone 37, ie the slot 43, in particular both area and depth. Fill it with Secured to the flat upper side 70 of the central piece 69 are two upright bearing blocks 71 extending parallel at a distance from each other, with a double lever 73 inclined horizontally between them. And pivotally pivoted about pivot 72 oriented. The bearing block 71 is provided in the center piece 69 in such a way that the double lever 73 can be pivoted in a vertical plane extending laterally oriented with respect to the longitudinal size of the long center piece 69. The double lever 73 has two different long legs 74, 75 perpendicular to each other. When the loading cone 68 is locked to the corner fitting 22, the two legs 74, 75 extending from the pivot 72 are oriented obliquely with the downwardly directed free ends 76, 77. have. The free ends 76, 77 of the legs 74, 75 are seated about the same size on both sides of the slot 43 on the inside of the corner fitting 22 (see FIG. 9). The double lever 73 in this case acts in the manner of a rocker, as a result of which it maintains the locked position (see Fig. 9) under gravity. As a result, the loading cone 68 is locked under the lower corner fit 22 of the 20 foot container 20.

By unlocking the stacking piece 65, that is to say to separate the stacking cone 68 from the corner fitting 22, by reaching into the corner fitting 22 through the lateral upright slot 78. , The double lever 73 is pivoted such that the short leg 75 passes completely between the two bearing blocks 71, so that the loading cone 68 is slot 43 of the corner fitting 22. Can be withdrawn downward). After the short leg 75 passes from the slot 43, in particular, the long leg 74 moves to a substantially vertical position, and in doing so, the corner fitting portion 22 (see FIG. 10) The double lever 73 is further pivoted to such an extent that it can be pulled downward from the slot 43.

Locking the loading cone 68 under the corner fitting 22 is performed in such a way that the double lever 73 is pivoted by hand so that the long leg 74 faces approximately vertically upwards. The double lever 73 with the vertical long leg 74 can be inserted into the corner fitting 22 through the slot 43. In this process, as a result of the contact between the long leg 74 and one edge of the slot 43, the double lever 73 allows the short leg 75 to exit the slot 43. Swing As soon as the bridged plate 27 rests under the corner fitting 22 and the central piece 69 of the loading cone 68 is also received in the slot, the double lever 43 is under gravity, both legs (74, 75) pivots to the locked position (see Fig. 9), facing obliquely downward. In this way, a secure lock of the loading cone 68 is carried out under the corner fitting 22 of the associated 20 foot container 20.

The loading piece 33 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 essentially corresponds to the loading piece 65. The stacking piece 33 and the stacking piece 65 are fundamentally different in that the stacking piece 33 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 does not have any stacking cone under the bridge plate 43. In the case of the stacking piece 33, the spacers 38 in the case where the stacking piece 65 is disposed at the center under the bridge plate 34 are the two upper stacking cones of the stacking piece 65. It is located on the bridged plate 27 between two loading cones 36, 38 which are designed and arranged to match 36, 38. In the point that the stacking piece 33 has a portion coinciding with the stacking piece 65, the same reference numerals are provided again.

The loading piece 33 allows two 20 foot containers 20 to be coupled to an end to be loaded on a 40 foot container or smooth footing on the bottom of the ship, mainly due to the smooth lower side of the bridged plate 34.

13 to 15 show a stacking piece 79 corresponding to the stacking piece, for example the stacking piece 26, with respect to the stacking cone arranged in one end section. Therefore, the upper stacking cone 36 and the lower stacking cone 31 of the stacking piece 26 are also present in the stacking piece 79. Once again, the same reference numbers are used for the same parts. This also applies to the bridge plate 27 and the spacer 38, which essentially coincide in the case of the loading pieces 26, 79.

The end zones of the bridged plate 27 opposite the loading cones 31, 36 are provided on the upper side with the loading cones 80 and on the opposite lower side with the loading cones 81. A common filler 84, which will be described in more detail below, is another matter, which is integral and is permanently connected to the bridged plate 27, preferably by welding.

The downwardly pointing loading cone 81 is designed to be unlocked in a manner similar to the loading cone 31, that is to say into the upper corner fitting 21 of the corresponding lower 20 foot container 20. Thus, the loading cone 81 is not locked in the slot 44 of the corner fitting portion 21.

The stacking piece 36 has a retaining protrusion 42 projecting laterally relative to the longitudinal direction of the bridge-shaped plate 27, while the stacking cone 80 projects longitudinally with respect to the bridge-shaped plate 27. The retaining protrusion 82 is provided. This retaining protrusion 82 is integrally connected to the central piece 83 of the loading cone 80, specifically, to the upper side of the central piece 83. With respect to the center piece 83, the retaining protrusion 82 protrudes in the direction of the loading cone 36 located opposite the upper side of the bridge-shaped plate 27 and faces toward the center of the loading piece 79. . At the same time, the retaining protrusion 82 protrudes from the inside of the corner fitting 21 beyond the end region of the slot 43.

The central piece 3 of the loading cone 80 is designed to be shorter than the slot 43 of the corner fitting 21, so that the entire loading piece 79 is longitudinally below the 20 foot container 20. Can be displaced as In order for the loading cone 36 to make this displacement simultaneously in the slot 43, the loading cone 36 is also shorter in the longitudinal direction, preferably half the length of the slot 43.

In order to lock the loading piece 79 under the mutually facing corner fitting 22 of the 20 foot container 20 to be joined together, first the corner fitting of the 20 foot container 20 to which the loading cone 36 has been assigned It is inserted into the fitting 22, and then the loading piece 79 is rotated 90 ° as already described above in connection with the locking of the loading piece 26. After locking the stack 36 under the corner fitting 22 in this manner, the stack 79 has a stacking cone 80 having a retaining projection 82 which protrudes. In particular, it is pushed under the corner fitting 22 in such a way that it can pass through the slot 43 into the corner fitting 22 as a result of the swinging movement of the bridge-shaped plate 27. The continuous horizontal transverse displacement of the entire stack 79 under the corner fit 22 allows the 20-foot container to be joined together, in particular the protruding retaining projections 82 on the stack cone 83. The stacking piece 79 passes under the corner fitting 22 in such a way that it can be moved in the direction of the gap 39 between the corner fittings 22 (located in front of each other) of 20. Enter the lock position (see Figure 13).

The loading piece 80 is fixed to the locking position below the corner fitting portion 22 by a corresponding locking element, which is the filling material 84 already described in the case of the loading piece 79 shown. The long filler 84 can be moved vertically in the corresponding guide on the back or outside of the opposing bilateral loading cones 80, 81. In this case, this guide is a vertical guide groove 85 in the illustrated embodiment. Arranged in the bridge-type plate 27 corresponds to the filler material 84 and guides the filler material 84 to both the region of the upper loading cone 80 and the lower loading cone 81 and bridges by upward and downward movement. It is the hole 86 which can displace the filler 84 on both sides of the mold plate 27.

The filler material 84 may not move up and down in the guide groove 85 or the hole 86, but instead may be spring-pressed by a spring (not shown). This spring pressing action results in the filler 84 being automatically entered into a fixed position, as a result of which the upper part of the filler is located above the bridge-shaped plate 27 and, as a result, is not filled by the central piece 83. Is carried out in a manner that substantially fills the area of the slot 43 of the corner fitting 22, so that the loading piece 79 can be separated from the corner fitting 22 of the upper 20 foot container 20. none.

In order to intentionally unlock the loading piece 79, the filler 84 is pressed downward against the force of the spring pressing upwards by reaching the corner fitting portion through one of the slots 87 in the lateral direction. The filler material 84 is pressed downward to the extent that the flat upper side 88 no longer protrudes with respect to the upper side of the bridge-shaped plate 27. Thereby, the whole stacking piece 79 can be displaced horizontally under the corner fitting portion 22. After the filler 84 is loosened, the filler automatically returns to the fixed position (see FIG. 13) by the spring force of the spring assigned to the filler.

Also in order to lock the loading piece 79 under the corner fitting 22, the filling material 84 is pressed downward, which fact is bridged to insert the loading cone 80 into the slot 43. This occurs inevitably when the plate 27 is pressed against the corner fitting 22 from below, after which the upper side 88 of the filler 84 is first seated under the joining piece 22, and the bridge As the mold plate 27 is pivoted even more, it is fully pressed into the bridge plate 27 against the lower side of the corner fitting portion 22. For continued locking of the loading cone 80, when the entire loading piece 79 is displaced (to the left relative to that shown in FIG. 13), the upper side 88 of the filler material 84 automatically corners to fit. It can move freely to the lower side of the part 22, and in particular can enter into the unfilled area of the slot 43 and pass into the slot 43 from below due to the upward spring force.

16-18 show a stacking piece 89 having four stacking cones 90, 91. The two loading cones 90 disposed on the upper side of the bridged plate 92 are substantially identical. In addition, the two loading cones 91 located at both ends of the lower side of the bridge plate 92 are substantially the same shape. Except for the filler material 93, all the loading cones 90 and 91 are designed in one piece. The upper loading cone 90 is used to lock the loading piece 89 under the corner fitting 92 of the upper 20 foot container 20. In contrast, the lower loading cone 91 cannot be locked at the upper corner fit 21 of the top of the 20 foot container, that is, the lower loading cone 91 only horizontally stacks the 20 foot containers 20 which are in turn stacked. Secure against displacement.

Each upper loading cone 90 has a central piece 94 that extends substantially beyond the entire height of the slot 43, substantially filling the lower slot 43 of the lower corner fitting 22. have. In the illustrated embodiment, the central piece 94 of the left upper loading cone 90 (see FIG. 16) is designed to be slightly shorter than the slot 43. This may fill the entire slot 43 as in the case of the center piece 94 of the right loading cone 90.

It is the locking projection 95 integrally formed on the upper side of each central piece 94. It projects laterally in the longitudinal direction of the central piece 94 and the slot 43, ie transversely with respect to the central piece 94, in particular only on one side. The locking projection 95 of each loading cone 90 in this manner engages behind the corner fitting 22 from the inside in the region adjacent to one side of the slot 43.

The center piece 94 of the loading cone 90 is designed to be narrower than the slot 43 and the loading cone 91 (see FIG. 17). When the stacking piece 89 is rotated about a horizontal longitudinal axis, the stacking cone 90 having the locking projection 95 and the adjacent center piece 94 have a corner fitting portion 22 through the slot 43. This narrow portion of the central piece 94 of the loading cone 90 can be locked under the corner fitting 22 by causing the loading piece 89 to be inclined with respect to the horizontal longitudinal axis. It is sized to be.

After the stacking piece 89 is locked under the corner fitting portion 22 of the upper 20 foot container 20 in the manner described above, the stacking piece 89 is secured in the locked position by the two fillers 93. . Each filler 93 is mounted in a vertical guide groove 96 in two mutually opposite loading cones 90, 91. At the same time, each elongate filler 93 extends through a corresponding hole in the bridge plate 92.

In the locked position (FIGS. 16 and 17), a certain upper end region of each filler 93 protrudes against the bridged plate 92 and consequently projects onto the side 97 of the loading cone 90. , Partially fills the space left free by the loading cone 90 between the voids in the slot 43. That portion of the filler material 93 protruding upward with respect to the bridge plate 92 in conjunction with the central piece 94 is in this case approximately equivalent to the overall width of each slot 43. As a result, a secure locking of the loading piece 89 locked under the corner fitting portion 22 is achieved.

By pressing the central piece 94 downward against the upward acting force of a spring (not shown) assigned to each filler 93, each filler moves completely into the bridge plate 92 and the lower loading cone 91. As a result, the entire gap between the side 7 of each central piece 94 and the adjacent sidewalls of the slot 43 is freed. This means that the loading piece 89 can be disengaged from the lower corner fitting portion 22. Alternatively, the action of the filler 93 corresponds to the action of the filler 84 of the loading piece 79, with reference to the description given above in this regard.

Another important aspect of the invention, which may relate to a modification of the embodiment of all the above described loading pieces (not shown), is a loading cone inserted into the lower corner fitting portion 22 of the upper container, for example of FIGS. The loading cones 36, 37 of the loading piece 26 have a lengthwise extension in such a way that they have at least some clearance in each of the slots 43, in other words they can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the slot 44. It is designed from the perspective. This may be achieved, for example, by the central piece 45 of the loading cone 37 which does not extend over the entire length of the slot 44. This means that the loading piece 26, also described, has lower corner fittings of the 20 foot containers 20 positioned back and forth when the gap between the ends of the 20 feet containers 20 is not exactly 76 mm. 22) Enable to lock below. Thus, when locked under the corner fittings 22 of the 20 foot containers, the loading piece 26 can be displaced, more specifically in both directions.

The loading piece 36 in all cases designed to be shorter than the slot 44 in the lower corner fitting 22 allows for slight displacement of the loading piece 26 under the lower corner fittings 22. And, due to this fact, when the loading cone 37 is arranged at the center in the slot 44, it is offset toward the loading cone 37 unlike the embodiment in the form of the figure. As a result, the loading cone 36 can also be displaced in both directions within the corresponding lower corner fitting 22. In this way, it is possible for the loading piece 26 to be displaced in both directions under the lower corner fittings 22 of the 20 foot containers 20 positioned back and forth. In the exemplary embodiment described, the locking below the 20 foot containers 20 in the deflection of the degree of displacement and the resulting width of the spacing between the mutually oriented ends of the 20 foot containers 20. The degree of likelihood of the loading piece 26 is about 10 mm in both directions.

Claims (14)

A loading piece for longitudinally connecting two 20 foot containers to form a loading piece for fixing the position of the container on a ship, in particular a 40 foot container unit, on at least one side of which two protruding loading cones are assigned and connected. In the loading piece having a bridge-shaped plate for engaging the adjacent corner fitting of the container, The loading cones 36, 37, which engage the lower corner fitting 22 of the upper 20 foot container 20, restrain the loading piece 26 on the lower corner fitting 22 of the upper 20 foot container 20. A loading piece, which is designed to be locked. 2. The stacking cone 36 according to claim 1, wherein one stacking cone 36 is designed to be locked under the corner fitting portion 22 by relative movement of the entire stacking piece 26, and on the same side of the bridge plate 27. Another loading cone (37) on the loading piece, characterized in that it has a locking element which is preferably designed as a rotary crosslatch assigned to the associated loading cone (37). 3. The cross latch 46 according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cross latch 46 is disposed on the other side of the bridged plate 27 and opposes the loading cone 37 having the cross latch 46. And a cross latch (46) with a locking element for securing the cross latch (46) at least in the locked position. 4. The side mounting cones 36, 80; 90 are corner-fitted by relative movement of the entire stacking piece 79; 89 with respect to the corner fitting portion 22. It is designed to lock under the part 22, and preferably at least one stacking cone 80; 90 in the locked position below the corner fitting 22 of the container 20. And a locking element for securing the stack. 5. The loading cone 36 according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one loading cone 36 can be locked under the assigned corner fitting 22 by rotating at least the entire loading piece 79, bridged. The loading cones 80 arranged on the same side of the plate 27 are, on the opposite ends of the bridge-shaped plates, the lower corner fitting portions 22 of the adjacent containers 20 by the relative displacement of the entire loading piece 79. By means of at least one locking element (filler 84) assigned to the loading cone 80, preferably the loading piece 79 is a corner fitting 22 of the adjacent container 20. A loading piece, which can be locked against relative displacement from below. 6. The side loading cones 90 according to claim 1, which are to be locked under the lower corner fittings 22 of adjacent containers 20, are preferably oriented in the horizontal longitudinal direction. A loading piece which is designed substantially the same so that it can be locked under the lower corner fitting portion 22 of the adjacent container 20 by pivoting the entire loading piece 89 about the pivot axis. 7. The loading cone (90) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each loading cone (90) is locked to secure the loading piece (89) in a locking position below the corner fitting portion (22) of the adjacent container (20). A loading piece comprising an element (filler 93). 8. The two-sided loading cones 36, 37; 31, 35 are assigned to both sides of the bridge-shaped plate 27, and on one side, preferably a bridge. A loading piece, characterized in that the loading cones 36, 37 arranged on the upper side of the shaped plate are designed to lock the bridge plate under the corner fitting portion 22 of the adjacent container 20. 9. The at least one spacer 38 according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one spacer 38 is arranged between two loading cones 36, 37; 31, 35 on the same side of the bridge plate 27. The spacer is connected to the bridged plate 27 to hold the ends of the corner fittings 22 of the adjacent containers 20 at defined intervals, in particular the spacing between adjacent corner fittings 20 or 21. Roughly filled and preferably at least one spacer 38 is disposed between two loading cones 36, 37; 31, 35 on the underside of the bridged plate 27 at the underside of the bridged plate 27. There is a loading piece. 10. At least one of the load cones 36, 37; 68; 80; 90 used to engage the lower corner fit 22 of the 20 foot container 20 to be connected. A loading piece, characterized in that it is designed to have a slight clearance in the longitudinal direction of the slot 40 in the lower corner fitting portion 22 used for the loading cones 36, 37; 66; 80; 90 to pass through. . The load cones 36, 37; 68; 80; 90 used to engage the lower corner fits 22 of the 20 foot container 20 to be connected are at the bottom. Due to the clearance of the loading cones 36, 37; 66; 80; 90 in the slot 40 in the corner fitting 22, the loading cones 36, 37; 68; 80; 90 have a typical spacing (78 mm). Spaced apart from each other so that, if there is a gap between the mutually facing ends of the 20 foot container different from Loading piece made. In a method of loading a container, in particular a 20-foot container connected to one another in the longitudinal direction, The loading pieces 26, 28, 58, 65, 79, 89 are locked under the lower corner fitting portion 21 of the container 20, and the container 20 is loaded on board by the loading pieces locked below. Characterized in that the method. The two 20-foot containers 20 connected to form a 40-foot container unit are suspended under a transport frame (spreader 24) and are moved onboard at the same time. 65, 79, 89 are pre-locked below the lower corner fitting 22, more specifically below all the lower corner fitting 22 in the land, preferably the loading pieces 26, 28, 58 20 foot containers 20 onboard or onboard pedestals (bottom of the cargo compartment) are secured by two 20 foot containers 20 locked below the lower corner fittings 22 by means of the heads 65, 79 and 89. Or are each located on a 40 foot container. The lower stacking cones 31, 32, 35, 67, 81, 91 of the stacking piece 26, 28, 58, 65, 79, 89 are preferably Is in the manner that the loading cones 31, 32, 35, 67, 81, 91 are not locked vertically in the corner fitting portion 21, the upper corner fitting portion 21 of the lower container 20 or on-board. And loosely inserted into the anchor means.