KR20020015340A - Electromagnetic relay - Google Patents

Abstract

The relay according to the invention comprises an electromechanical system 31, 32 with a pole 34 mounted pivotably about the axis of rotation 35. The pole has a long pole arm 38 which forms an actuating air gap 37 on one side of the axis of rotation, and a relatively short actuating arm 39 on the other side of the axis of rotation. The pole is engaged with the contact spring 10 through the actuating arm 39 so that the movement of the pole is transmitted to the contact spring by the stepwise deceleration effect. This provides a dynamic opening of the contact after microwelding. The present invention can be used in a way that is particularly advantageous for relays having relatively slow stator motion in addition to the relatively large angle stator motion in order to prevent or reduce switching noise.

Description

ELECTRONIC RELAY {ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY}

Such relays are disclosed, for example, in DE 34 06 832 A1. The L-shaped pole disclosed herein is supported on the end of the yoke. The pole has an actuating arm having its end engaged on the contact spring to operate the contact spring in a direction opposite to its bias. The lever arm of the actuating arm is considerably longer from the support point of the pole to the actuation point than the lever arm of the pole between the supporting axis and the pole face in the region of the actuating air gap. Thus, the switching operation of the relatively small contactor in the operating air gap is converted into a larger contact motion. As the pole is released, the spring returns to its rest position due to its bias. Due to the transmission of the stator motion, relatively small forces are obtained at the contacts. This is also no problem as long as the known relays are aimed at apparently weak current applications, in light of the rest of the structure.

For example, relays for switching more current, such as in automotive applications, usually require greater force to open or close a contact, for example to release a stuck or welded contact. The problem of micro welding and sticking or meshing at the contacts arises especially when a magnetic field is employed in which the pulling of the pole is relatively slow to reduce switching noise. Of particular importance in this application is that the force exerted on the contact springs, especially during opening, must have a sufficiently large contact spring.

The present invention,

A core yoke having at least a first leg and a second leg, said core yoke having a coil in one of said legs,

A pole which is supported on the support of the first leg so as to be pivotable about the axis of rotation, which forms a working air gap with the second leg and extends towards the operating air gap on one side of the axis of rotation; A pole forming a armature and forming an actuating arm on the other side of the axis of rotation,

A fold spring for biasing the fold in a rest position,

Extends across the free end of the actuating arm and is adapted to switch between a resting position and an operative position by the pole, and on the support at the operating position and / or at the resting position. It relates to an electromagnetic relay comprising a contact spring having at least one moving contact cooperating with at least one fixed contact attached.

1 is a perspective view of a relay according to the present invention having a solder terminal;

2 shows a relay according to FIG. 1 in connection with a plug-in base;

3 is a longitudinal sectional view along the coil axis of the relay of FIG. 2;

4 is a side view of the relay of FIGS. 2 and 3;

5 is a design diagram in which the contact arrangement of the relay of FIG. 2 is changed;

6 is a front view of the relay of FIG. 5;

7 is a schematic diagram of contact wiring of the relays of FIGS. 5 and 6, including a bridge-type switching contact (with a separate contact bridge); And

8 is a schematic diagram of a conventional bridge type switching contact.

The object of the present invention is to design a relay of the type mentioned at the outset, in particular in such a way that a relatively large force acts on the contact spring during opening or breaking of the contact. The relay can also be used in both relays and circuit board relays with tab-like plugs with different contact variances for different voltages, by means of a deformable structure.

According to the invention, this object is the tearing-opening of the operating arm away from the axis of rotation by a distance less than the end of the pole arm forming the operating air gap as the pole moves in at least one switching direction. is achieved with a relay of the type mentioned at the outset, which meshes with an open portion.

According to the structure of the present invention, since the pole movement at the pole pole surface is gradually decelerated through the operating arm, the dynamic energy of the pole can be utilized through the short lever arm to tear open the welded contact. do. In particular, an advantage of this form is in embodiments in which a certain play is provided in the engagement of the actuating arm. In this case, the actuating arm is engaged with the contact spring only after the pole has already traveled the predetermined distance and the corresponding speed is obtained. The actuating arm then engages the contact spring in a jerk-like fashion, and is therefore particularly suitable for breaking up the weld.

The present invention can be utilized in an advantageous manner, in particular in that the core yoke is approximately U-shaped and the pole is approximately L-shaped, the pole having an armature pole portion, the core yoke operating air By having a yoke pole portion overlapping each other while forming a gap, the pole faces form an acute angle in the released state and are approximately parallel to each other in the pulled state. In this case the pole faces constitute an approximately right angle in the direction of movement with respect to the radius extending from the axis of rotation of the pole to the front end of the pole pole surface. This design of the magnetic field avoids the hitter hitting the yoke pole surface and thus the switching noise associated with it. In addition, the magnetic field achieves a significantly larger switching angle with respect to the pole than in a conventional hinge pole field where the pole is engaged with it flat against the core pole surface. At the time of switching, the increased angle of rotation of the pole also provides a contact stroke with a sufficiently large step-down effect through the short operating arm.

In order to be able to avoid the hitting noise of the pole on the core yoke in the above-described magnetic field, the pole should approach the yoke pole as close as possible, but should not contact the yoke pole. Thus, the final position of the pole is determined by stop means. In a preferred embodiment, the first leg of the core yoke with respect to this end is provided in the region of the support having a support pole face on the colliding pole during the pull. This collision on the supporting pole surface actually produces a small switching noise, but it is not very high as in the case of a collision of the movable pole end on the corresponding core pole surface. For this reason, the portion of the pole adjacent to the axis of rotation moves at a considerably slower speed than the portion of the surrounding pole. It is also preferred that the pole is in contact with a supporting edge and provided with at least one securing projection for holding the pole in the direction of the operating air gap.

In an improved invention, the contact-carrying free end of the contact spring is provided with a transverse leg, widened in a T-shape, and at least one arm of the transverse leg is at least one movable. Has contacts. These moving contacts interact with one fixed contact, each providing a break, make or change of contact according to a particular type, in which case the contact springs move two opposite directions on two surfaces. Has contacts. In addition to this, the cross leg may of course have one movable contact on each arm, or two opposite movable contacts connected in pairs to each other and cooperating with two fixed contacts each as a contact bridge. .

In the case of a DC on-board system having a voltage higher than 12V, an arc is formed when the contact is disconnected. Usually, in such applications, a larger contact space must be chosen. In the case of the present relay, this problem can be overcome by improving the contact bridges to be placed on both surfaces of the transverse legs of the contact springs which are electrically separated from each other by an insulating intermediate layer. Thus, the arc is turned off even for small contact strokes.

As a support for the stationary contact, it is preferable that an extension of the coil body having the rest of the magnetic field and also the coil is formed. Such a support forms a bottom plate parallel to the axis of rotation and coil axis of the contact, through which terminal pins for the contact, ie fixed contact and (if necessary) contact springs extend perpendicularly outward thereto. It is desirable to be. These terminal pins may be embedded or inserted in the bottom plate, that is, the coil body. These terminal pins have, for example, fixed contacts which are directly welded to it. The terminal pins on the outside of the bottom plate are preferably designed as soldering pins. By means of an improved invention in which the coil body is provided with a terminal pin which is inserted into a base provided with a plug-in terminal and which is respectively connected to a corresponding pluggable terminal, preferably by welding, the multipurpose use of the relay may be made possible. have.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following drawings.

All of the relays shown in Figs. 1 to 6 have a basic structure of a magnetic field. The base body consists of a coil body 1 with a winding 4 between two flanges 2, 3. The winding end of the winding 4 is wound around each of the winding terminal pins 5 injection molded into the thermoplastic coil body, that is, on the outer surface of the two flanges 2, 3. The front flange 3 extends to form the side wall 3a and, together with the bottom plate 6 extending likewise, forms a partially formed contact portion space in which the terminal pins 7 and 8 are fixed therein. Configure. The terminal pins 7 are each provided with a fixed contact 9 which is attached, for example, by welding or the like. In the example of FIG. 1, the terminal pin 8 serves as a terminal for the contact spring 10, the movable contacts 11 and 12 of which are connected via a stranded wire 13. In the example of FIG. 1, portions of the terminal pins 7 and 8 extending outward serve as soldering terminal pins, while in the example of FIG. 2, not only the winding terminal pins 5 but also the terminal pins ( 7) are also mounted on the plug-in base 20 and connected to the corresponding tab-shaped plug 21, for example by welding. The stranded wire 13 is directly connected to the tab type plug 21 according to FIG. 2.

The magnetic circuit of the low noise relay drive used here includes a core 31, an L-shaped yoke 32 in which the yoke pole 33 is bent obliquely upward, and the yoke pole 33 at the moving end. It consists of an obliquely bent pole stimulator 36 which together forms an actuating air gap 37. Between the axis of rotation formed by the support edge 35 and the pole end in the region of the actuating air gap 37, a pole arm 38 is formed which is considerably longer than the actuating part 39 designed as an extension of the pole over the axis of rotation. It can be clearly seen in FIG. 3. Due to the different lengths of the armature arm 38 and the actuating arm 39, a lever ratio is formed, which will be described in more detail below.

Due to the excitation of the magnetic field, the pole magnetic pole portion 36 is attracted to the yoke pole portion 33, and in the rest state, the pole surface of the pole pole portion 36 is pulled as described above. The wedge-shaped actuating air gap 37 is almost closed so that the pole faces of the yoke pole portion 33 are approximately parallel to each other. The pole surface of the pole is formed by the free pole end 36a and the edge 35 in order to make the pole pole portion 36 and the yoke pole portion 33 fit as tightly as possible in the region of the operating air gap 37. The structure is selected such that it is approximately perpendicular to the line connecting the rotation axis. In the present invention, in order to rule out the possibility that the pole may completely collide with the yoke pole surface, the pole arm 38 is brought into contact with the core pole surface 40 before such contact, whereby the pole movement is stopped for a while. . In addition to this, the pole has two fixing protrusions 41 formed thereon, which are engaged about the support edge 35 to prevent the pole from moving toward the yoke pole 33.

The above-described contact spring 10 is a part of an approximately E-shaped leaf spring 14 having an outer spring leg 15 welded on a T-shaped open core 31, and the restoring force of the poles on these legs 15. And a contact spring 10 that applies a contact breaking force. The leaf spring 14 is connected to the pole by means of riveting or welding at the installation position 43.

The contact spring 10, which is designed as the center leg of the leaf spring 14, is bent or bent in a Z-shape in the region of the actuating arm 39 of the pole, so that it extends approximately perpendicularly to its end and the pole pin 42 And a central web 16 having a recess 17 for receiving (). This pin of the pin engages with the clearance defined in the retracted part 17, so that only after a predetermined angular movement, it can be engaged with the contact spring by one or two-way movement of the pin. In the case of sticking or welding the contact, while pulling or returning, the mechanical principle makes it possible for the pole to detach the contact via the short lever arm of the operating arm 39 to open or to cut off.

The end portion of the contact spring 10 having the movable contacts 11 and 12 is widened in a T shape by the transverse legs 18 formed thereon. The movable contact is provided only on one arm of the cross leg as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, or on both arms of the cross leg 18 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. By applying the T-shape of the contact spring end portion and the bending and twisting force in the elongated spring portion, the contact rolling motion can be performed, thereby additionally increasing the force of detaching contact sticking or welding that may be present. You can see the working effect.

In the low noise magnetic field provided in the present invention, the pole has an angle of rotation approximately three times that of a conventional hinge pole magnetic field, and is a short distance behind the support position, that is, the movement on the side of the support position opposite to the pole arm 38 itself. This arrangement of contacts achieves a stepwise deceleration effect of the contact path, which reduces the collision speed of the contact, reducing the noise of the switching contact.

5 and 6 described above, the contact arrangement is two fixed contacts 53, 54 and on each side of the contact spring, instead of the pair of moving contacts 11, 12 having their own power supply over the twisted pair 13; The two contact bridges 51 and 52 constituting the circuit with 55 and 56 are attached.

At DC voltages significantly higher than 12V, for example 42V, the contact distance will have to increase significantly compared to conventional relays in order to reliably eliminate arcing. By utilizing the bridge contact according to FIGS. 5 and 6, the arc is distributed in two clearances between the contacts, thus again making it possible to use smaller contact distances, as in the case of lower voltages. However, in the case of a switching relay with a bridge-contact, the two contact bridges are structured to be insulated from each other in order to reliably eradicate the arc. Thus, the two contact bridges 51, 52 in the example of FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 are separated from each other by an insulating layer 57. The effect of the contact bridges of these separated structures is shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 7 compared with FIG. 8, which shows the effect of the non-separated contact bridges. According to Fig. 8, if the contact bridges 51 and 52 are not insulated from each other, they are fixed through the contact bridge 51 from the fixed contact 54 while switching in the direction of the arrow from the load circuit L2 to the load circuit L1. Arcs 60 and 61 will each be created in the contact gap, which is a distance x to the contact 53. This arc 61 between the contact bridge 51 and the stationary contact 53 continues to burn even after the contact spring 10 is switched to the stationary contact 55, 56, because the stationary contact 56 is connected to the arc. This is because power is supplied to the fixed contact 53 through the contact bridge 52 and the non-insulated contact bridge 51.

In order to prevent this effect, further development of the invention according to FIG. 7 introduces an insulating layer 57 between the contact bridges 51, 52, while maintaining the contact distance x as well as all other distances. If the contact spring 10 is switched from the fixed contact (53, 54) to the fixed contact (55, 56), since the power is not supplied from the other side through the contact bridge 52, the arc (60, 61) will be turned off respectively.

It should be further mentioned that if necessary, the relay can be surrounded in a conventional manner by a cap and a bottom plate, as well as not shown.

Claims (19)

Core yokes (31, 32) having at least a first leg (31) and a second leg (33) and having a coil (4) on one of the legs (31, 32), Supported on the support part 35 of the first leg 31 so as to be pivotable about the axis of rotation, the actuating air gap 37 being defined by the second leg 33 and on one side of the axis of rotation; A pole 34 which forms a pole arm 38 extending toward the actuation air gap 37 and which forms the actuation arm 39 on the other side of the rotation axis, A pole spring 14 for biasing the pole to a rest position, Extends across the free end of the actuating arm 39 and is adapted to be switched by the stator 34 between a resting position and an operating position, the support being in the operating position and / or in the resting position. In an electromagnetic relay comprising a contact spring (10) having at least one moving contact (11, 12; 51, 52) cooperating with at least one fixed contact (9) attached on (6), The contact spring 10 has the rotation axis 35 by a distance smaller than the end portion 36 of the pole arm that forms the actuating air gap 37 when the pole moves in at least one switching direction. And a tearing-open portion (42) of the actuating arm (39) spaced apart). The method of claim 1, The cleavage-opening portion 42 of the actuating arm 39 is designed to have a predetermined clearance 17 relative to the contact spring 10 such that only after a predetermined switching distance, the contact spring is in the at least one switching direction. An electromagnetic relay, characterized in that it is meshed with (10). The method according to claim 1 or 2, The contact spring 10 is attached to the side of the pole arm 38 away from the core yokes 31 and 32, and the actuating arm 39 engaged with the cleavage-opening means in the form of the pole pin 42 with a defined clearance. And a recess 17 in the region of?. The method of claim 3, The contact spring 10 is bent in a Z-shape in the region of the actuating arm 39 to thereby substantially cross the transverse web 16 between the attachment portion 10a and the contact 10b approximately parallel to it. And the recessed part (17) is formed in the transverse web (16). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The core yokes 31 and 32 are approximately U-shaped, the pole 34 is approximately L-shaped, the pole 34 has a pole stimulus 36, and the core yoke is the operating air gap. And a yoke pole portion 33 overlapping each other while forming (37), the pole surface of which forms an acute angle in the released state, and in the pulled state, the electromagnetic relay is disposed substantially parallel to each other. The method of claim 5, The relay (34) has an electromagnetic relay, characterized in that it comprises a stop means (40) for preventing a hit on the yoke pole portion (33) during the pull. The method of claim 6, And the first leg (31) of the core yoke has a supporting pole surface (40) constituting a stop for the pole (34) as the stop means. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, The first leg of the core yoke is designed as a coil core (31), and forms a support edge (35) for the pole, wherein the support edge (35) forms an axis of rotation. The method of claim 8, The coil core is characterized in that the electromagnetic relay widens in the form of a T-shape in the region of the support edge (35). The method according to claim 8 or 9, The electrode 34 is characterized in that it has one or more fixing protrusions 41 for contacting the support edge 35 to fix the pole 34 toward the operating air gap 37. relay. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, The contact spring 10 integrated with the pole spring is in the form of a leaf spring 14 having an approximately E-shape configuration, and the E-shaped outer leg is bent in a curl manner as a resetting leg. And three legs 15 and 10 attached to the fixing part of the relay, preferably the core yokes 31 and 32, wherein the central legs of the E-shape are mounted on the pole 34. Electromagnetic relay, characterized in that it comprises a base (10a) and a contact spring (10) connected with. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, The contact-retaining free end of the contact spring is widened in a T-shape by the cross leg 18 and has moving contacts 11, 12; 51, 52 on at least one arm of the cross leg 18. Electromagnetic relay. The method of claim 12, The movable contact or contacts 11, 12; 51, 52 selectively interact with one or more fixed contacts 9; 53, 54, 55, 56 to form a break, connection or switching of the contact. Electromagnetic relay. The method of claim 13, The transverse leg 18 is in the form of a contact bridge on at least one surface and extends across both arms, the movable contact 51, 52 cooperating with each of the two fixed contacts 53, 54; 55, 56. Electromagnetic relay having a). The method of claim 14, Each of the arms of the transverse leg is in the form of a continuous contact bridge 51, 52 disposed thereon and has two movable contacts which interact with two pairs of corresponding fixed contacts 53, 54; 55, 56. Electronic relay having a. The method of claim 15, The two contact bridges (51, 52) are electrically separated from each other by an insulating layer (57). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, The relay (6), characterized in that the support (6) for the fixed contact or contacts (9; 53, 54, 55, 56) is designed as an extension of the coil body (1) with the coil and the core yoke. The method of claim 17, The support portion constitutes a bottom plate 6 parallel to the rotational axis and coil axis of the pole, through which terminal pins 8 for the contacts 9, 11, 12; 53, 54, 55, 56 are provided. An electromagnetic relay, which extends outwardly perpendicularly thereto. The method of claim 18, The relay is mounted on a base 20 on which a terminal pin 8 extending outward is provided on a plug-in terminal, the terminal pin 8 being connected to a corresponding pluggable terminal 21 respectively. Electromagnetic relay, characterized in that.