KR20020008867A - Float mating method and apparatus for shipping of heavy structures - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A weight cargo shipping method by float mating and an apparatus thereof are provided to carry out the shipping according to a difference of the ebb and flow of the tide for the safety to prevent the damage of the weight structure. CONSTITUTION: A weight cargo shipping device by float mating includes a jetty facilities composed of a reinforcing concrete structure for shipping a weight structure(1) to a barge(8) and a complex structure using a river structure in two lines, having a width expansion section(5) at a front end part, and formed in the shape of movable rail box(6) for safely movement of the barge shipped with the weight structure, a conveying frame(3) mounted on the jetty facilities for directly supporting the tare of the weight structure with a part of the jetty facilities when the weight structure to be shipped reaches an upper part and connected to a loading beam(11) mounted to the barge for transmitting the load of the weight structure to the barge when shipping the weight structure in the float mating manner, and a mooring/anchoring system provided on the barge for smooth and safe movement of the barge with respect to the jetty facilities.

Description

FLOAT MATING METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHIPPING OF HEAVY STRUCTURES}

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for loading various structures manufactured on land using a difference between tides only in a region where tidal differences exist.

There are several methods for loading heavy goods on equipment for shipping (pants, ships, etc.). Conventional general loading methods are as follows.

First, in the skidding method, a timber (TIMBER) is installed on the lower part of the manufactured weight, and wax / grease is applied to move in a state where the friction is reduced, and then ship it on the pants.

This method is applicable in a region that is hardly affected by tidal tides, and is not applicable because it is not suitable for a large-scale heavy load loading operation (see FIG. 13).

Second, the method of loading by lifting using a land crane can be applied only as a loading method for small structures due to the limitation of the capacity of the land crane, and is not suitable as a method for loading heavy materials in areas with large tidal differences. (See Figure 14).

Third, in the method of loading by lifting using a marine crane, there is an advantage that can load heavy materials of less than 3,000 tons, but applicable working conditions (to secure a large place where a large marine crane can enter, secure depth, Securing lifting facilities and separate design of the structure for lifting, etc.) is extremely limited and it is difficult to perform satisfactory work because the operation risks due to tidal tides at work (see Fig. 15).

Fourth, the method of distributing the load by using a transporter is a method that can not be applied in the region where the weight of the load can be limited, the equipment fee is expensive and the tidal difference is large (see FIG. 16).

If the work is carried out in poor environmental conditions in a region where tidal tides are large, the work by the conventional shipping method is not only dangerous, but also the work efficiency is low and the world's rare and expensive extra large shipping equipment (large-capacity pump system and Extra large pants with mooring / anchoring systems are required.

In the case of very large shipping equipment, the supply of equipment is virtually impossible in most cases due to the scarcity of existing large pants and expensive renting costs. The technical limitations that can be addressed make it difficult to work efficiently.

In addition, the shipping method must be selected in consideration of its relevance to the subsequent process. However, if the response is insufficient, the construction method should be selected in consideration of the overall process, because deterministic problems may occur in the subsequent work. do.

Therefore, a new concept of construction that can compensate for the problems with natural environmental conditions is absolutely necessary.

Accordingly, the present invention is to provide a shipping method by a float mating method that is safe and excellent in construction and can shorten the construction period by applying the purified method to the nature by making full use of the natural environmental conditions.

The weight structure shipping method using the floating mating method according to the present invention will be described by comparing the method of the prior art.

First, the method according to the present invention uses the difference between tides (maximum use of natural conditions), and because it uses medium-sized pants, it does not require a separate large equipment (pants, large ballasting system, etc.) It can work efficiently, minimize trouser ballasting conditions and make maximum use of tides to ensure safety during shipment, and is suitable for loading all heavy loads with differences between tides. effective.

In addition, it is possible to continuously transfer the basic initial facility investment such as the construction of jetty facilities and the installation of the basic system on the pants. The more the number of shipments is, the more economical it is. In addition, it is advantageous in terms of air quality and economics, and it is an advantageous method for securing quality by enabling precise work.

On the other hand, the conventional heavy structure shipping method requires a large sized various systems (pants, large-scale ballast system, offshore cranes, etc.) in the case of large-scale heavy loads, it is disadvantageous in terms of the difficulty and economic efficiency of securing the world's rare extra large equipment, pants Because load-out works depending on the ballast system installed in the building, it is difficult to secure the safety of the shipping operation due to various variables (diary, equipment failure, etc.), which increases the risk of safety accidents.

In addition, due to the restrictions on the capacity of the equipment used, there are many constraints on the shipment of large heavy materials, excessive initial installation and maintenance costs, and it is difficult to collectively work on large structures. Increasingly, it is inefficient and difficult to precisely work, resulting in more work and difficulty in securing quality.

1 is a perspective view showing a loading system of a heavy by a float mating method according to the present invention,

2a and 2b is a plan view and a side view of a heavy shipping pants by a float mating method according to the present invention,

Figure 3 is a perspective view showing a state that the structure to be shipped in the float mating method to be shipped in the land, seated on the transport frame and waiting for barge (BARGE),

4 is a plan view showing an adjusted state of a position in which a structure to be shipped is land-moved, seated on a transport frame, and waiting to enter pants by a tug boat;

Figure 5 is a plan view showing a state to be shipped to the structure to be shipped, seated on the transport frame and waiting pants pants state,

FIG. 6 shows the shipping pants between Jetty facilities for heavy load shipment

Perspective view showing a state of entry,

7 is a perspective view showing a state in which the shipping pants have finished entering the jetty facility and waiting for shipment;

8 is a plan view showing a state in which the shipping pants have finished entering the jetty facility and waiting for shipment;

9 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which the pants and the heavy material are mated;

10 is a perspective view showing a state in which the pants are advancing out of the jetty facility using the MOORING / ANCHORING system in the state of loading the heavy goods with the buoyancy due to the difference between tides;

11 is a perspective view showing a state in which the pants loaded with a heavy structure completed the entry from the jetty facility,

12 is a view showing the arrangement of the mooring / anchoring system of the pants,

13 is a cross-sectional view showing a general shipping method by a conventional skidding system (SKIDDING SYSTEM),

14 is a perspective view showing a shipping method by lifting using a conventional land crane,

15 is a perspective view showing a shipping method using a conventional marine crane, and

16 is a cross-sectional view showing a method of distributing load by using a conventional transporter (TRANSPORTER).

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a mass loading method according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "float mating method") and an apparatus for loading heavy materials to realize the float mating method (hereinafter referred to as "float mating) The method "will be described in detail.

Float mating method according to the present invention is a method that can be effectively applied in the region where there is a tidal difference, the best method with all the basic requirements when selecting a temporary method (process for manufacturing, shipping, transportation, and installation work) to be.

The float mating method according to the present invention is a method in which the marine trouser 8 and the transport frame 3 are mated by buoyancy of the trouser due to the difference between tides and ship the weight structure 1.

Fender for construction of jetty facility 2, development and installation of transport frame 3, development of mooring / anchoring system 12, collision prevention with jetty facility for application of float mating method according to the present invention. The installation of FENDER 13 and the installation of MOORING BITT 7 are performed.

Sea transportation is inevitable due to the limitation of the size of land transportation to transport and install heavy and long structures (hereinafter referred to as "heavy structures") manufactured at specific places.

The sea transport of the heavyweight structure 1 is mainly towed by the tug boats (TUG BOATS) 10 after shipping to the pants (8).

Hereinafter, various facilities used in the float mating method will be described in detail.

The float mating apparatus comprises a jetty facility (2), a transport frame (3), a trouser mooring / anchoring system for entering and exiting the pants into the jetty facility (2).

The jetty facility 2 is a core structure of the present method for loading the weight structure 1 to the pants 8 and is a structure connecting the land work and the sea work. The heavy structure transported from the land is mounted on the transport frame (3) above the jetty facility. When the tide is low, the pants enter the jetty facility and wait. Will be shipped.

In the past, the direct shipment from the land to the pants without intermediate media such as jetty facilities, it was difficult to set the structure to the transport equipment, such as pants, much affected by the weather or time.

However, in the shipping method of the present invention using the jetty structure, it is possible to change difficult offshore work to working conditions such as land, so that it is hardly affected by work time or climate, and safe work is possible.

In addition, precise setting is possible, so that the installation error can be reduced as much as possible, thereby enabling almost perfect setting.

The jetty facility is a composite using reinforced concrete structures and steel structures

The structure is formed of two lines (see FIG. 1). The width of the two lines is sized to meet the specifications of heavy loads and shipping equipment (pants, ships, and other maritime transport equipment), and is designed and constructed to allow the entry and exit of jetty facilities.

The base of the jetty facility consists of a steel pipe pile (4) or an RCD concrete site casting pile, the front end of which is a wide section (5) and the trouser (8) that shipped the heavy material (1) safely exits from the jetty facility (2). It is designed in the form of a movable rail box (6).

Therefore, sufficient time and space can be secured by the effect that the interference material is removed in advance when the pants 8 having shipped the weight 1 enter the jetty facility 2.

As an accessory of the jetty facility, the fender (13) is cushioned to prevent accidents when the pants enter and exit the jetty facility. By installing the pants 8 to effectively enter and exit the jetty facility (2).

In order to secure the required working depth at sea, dredging work considering the pants depth and working depth is carried out to secure the required depth.

Next, the transport frame 3 is installed on the jetty facility 2 as a ladder-shaped box structure, and is integrated with the land-transported weight structure 1 to be transported after being shipped on the pants 8. It is an iron structure.

The frame is provided so as to satisfy both the function as part of the jetty facility 2 and the auxiliary function of the shipping operation.

The transport function of the frame is that when the heavy structure to be shipped is land transported and arrived on top of the transport frame, the transport frame directly supports the weight of the transported heavy structure as part of the jetty facility, and when shipped by the float mating method It is connected to the loading beam 11 installed in the pants, and acts as a load-bearing medium to transfer the load of the weight structure to the pants (8).

By using the transport frame (3) it is possible to ship the structure on the marine transport pants smaller than the weight structure to be shipped, it is not necessary to install a separate reinforcement provisions in the structure of complex shape to be shipped Damage to the weight can be minimized to maintain high quality.

In addition, it is possible to fix the heavy goods to be shipped and the frame for transportation, to fix the frame and pants for shipment after shipment, and to secure the double weight and the safety device for the loaded heavy structure and pants, so that various safety that can occur during sea transportation The weight structure can be protected from hazards.

Next pants The mooring / anchoring system 12 can control the mooring winch (a) provided on the jetty entry and exit pants, a tension meter (b) for the detection of the towing load, and the towing winch system. Control system (c).

The specifications of the mooring winch and tension meter consist of four sets, six sets, and twelve sets according to the specifications of the pants 8 and the working environment.

The mooring / anchoring system is installed on the upper part of the pants to enter and exit the jetty facility, so that the entry and exit operations of the pants are safe and smooth.

Without these systems, if a crash occurs during entry and exit of the jetty facility, it will be necessary to ensure that the heavy structure to be shipped and the jetty facility will be damaged, resulting in serious economic and construction period losses. System.

The mooring / anchoring system mounted on the pants is equipped with the specification (capacity, quantity, etc.) to allow pants to enter and exit the jetty facility, and is suitable for shipping and mounting. a mooring winch (a) system operable in (c) and provided with a tension meter (b) for grasping the tension acting on the winch rope 9 during operation; An anchor system (d), which is associated with the mooring winch system, which can move the pants to the correct position, and is designed to be free of drag as a type of excellent gripping force; A loading beam 11 which effectively transmits the load of the transport frame carrying the heavy structure to the pants and secures a space between the pants and the structure to secure the mounting, secure the moving path, and effectively fix the work; A power generation room (e) having a proper capacity for work to supply smooth electricity to all equipment, a soundproofing facility provided to suppress noise generation, and designed to work even in rainy weather; A central control room (c) designed to be efficient and ready for emergency by installing the control panel of all the equipments in the center so that overall control can be performed centrally apart from the local switch; And a fairlead f for changing the direction of the winch wire 9, and a towing bracket g necessary for sea transportation.

Now, the weight loading method by the float mating method according to the present invention will be described in detail.

For detailed shipping method, separate shipping procedures are prepared, pre-establishment method and time plan of pants are prepared, and then preliminary work is performed and actual work is performed according to the following procedure.

First, as a preliminary preparation work, related equipment (jetty facility 2 construction, preparation of various shipping equipment) is prepared, and the weight structure 1 to be shipped is loaded-loaded from the manufacturing site to jetty facility 2 And arrive at the shipping position on the upper portion of the transport frame 3 (see FIG. 3), and fix (fix) the structure to be transported with the structure to be shipped in order to prevent the risk of fluctuation of the pants and the structure during the shipping operation.

After the completion of the commissioning of the various equipment (Mooring / Anchoring system, Mooring line, Generator, etc.) installed in the pants as the first step, if all necessary matters are confirmed, the pants are supported by the tug boat 10 to the jetty entrance. Access (see FIG. 4).

Thereafter, the towing mooring line 9 installed on the pants is connected to the mooring bit 7 of the jetty and then waits until the entry time according to the shipping procedure (see FIG. 5).

In the second step, the pants 8 are introduced into the jetty 2 using the mooring / anchoring system 12 according to the shipping procedure.

The pants entry point starts at the low tide time and ends below the entry tide (see FIGS. 6-8).

In the third step, when the pants arrive at the final entry position, the pants positioning operation is performed using the mooring / anchoring system 12 of the pants and the stern of the pants (see FIG. 8).

As the trouser approaches the structure 1 to be shipped gradually due to the gradual rise of the tide in the air, the transport frame on which the structure is seated while adjusting the mooring / anchoring system 12 to appropriately respond to changes in the height of the pants (3). ) And the pants position adjustment operation so that the loading beam 11 of the pants 8 can be set in place (see FIG. 8).

In the fourth stage, after a certain time, the pants and the transport frame start to contact.

Check the adjustment operation and the position so that the two structures can be set in the correct position (see FIG. 9).

In the fifth step, as the tide rises, the pants are lifted and the load of the heavy structure to be shipped begins to be transferred to the pants.

The weight 1 is then lifted off the jetty 2 once the weight of the weight to be shipped is completely delivered to the pants.

In the sixth step, the pants and heavy items are lifted up by the rise of the tide, and the crunch work between the pants and the heavy items is completed in the shortest time. See FIG. 10).

In the seventh step, the pants are pushed out of the jetty pier in the reverse order of entry and exit using the mooring / anchoring system 12 according to the shipping procedure.

The entry method and time schedule are determined according to the shipping procedure (see Figures 10-11).

Finally, in the eighth step, when the heavy-loaded pants complete their entry from Jetty Wharf, they reconfirm the shipment status and complete the necessary preparatory and SEA-FASTENING operations for the departure of the pants ( See FIG. 11).

For the successful implementation of sea shipping operations, the safety and economic method should be selected by careful consideration of the overall conditions such as site conditions and environmental conditions, working conditions, terrain and geological conditions, and other necessary equipment import conditions.

As described above, if the method of the present invention is applied to the sea shipment work in the place where tidal difference, which is different from the ordinary sea shipping method, occurs at a certain level or more, the economical and safe work as well as the shortening of the construction period have a certain effect. have.

The present invention avoids the excessive part of the existing method by applying natural phenomena to the actual work, and there is no burden on the application of the method. It is much more efficient and economical.

In addition, most of the difficult offshore work can be done in almost the same conditions as onshore work, so it is absolutely advantageous in terms of quality assurance. By using natural phenomena (buoyancy of the sea), it is possible to flexibly absorb the impact of heavy loads, thus preventing damage to the structure and minimizing offshore work, thus making it possible to work quickly and safely.

The advantages of the float mating method according to the present invention are summarized as follows.

1) It is a natural-friendly method with no aftereffects such as environmental pollution by applying the method using natural phenomena as it is. The construction method of the present invention is a construction method that can be effectively applied in a region where the tidal difference is large in the world, and is a groundbreaking construction method that can be a cornerstone of a shipping method in a similar region.

2) As the work is carried out according to the difference between tidal tides, which is a natural phenomenon, the related work is extremely safe and unobtrusive, which can prevent damage to the heavy structure to be shipped.

3) It is an economical method that can be used almost permanently after the initial minimizing investment for the application of the method of the present invention, and requires little additional cost.

4) According to the method of the present invention, by using jetty facilities, the offshore work with extremely poor working conditions can be carried out at almost the same level as the land work.

5) It is an excellent method in terms of equipment supply and utilization by minimizing the used equipment (pants, ballasting system, mooring / anchoring system, various auxiliary equipment, etc.). In the case of the existing general construction method, a large amount of foreign equipment is used and rented.

6) When the method of the present invention is applied, it is possible to collectively ship and transport the super large weight, so that the quality can be easily secured, and the method is also effective in reducing the air.

Claims (3)

It is formed of two lines of a composite structure using a reinforced concrete structure and a steel structure for loading the heavy structure (1) to the pants (8), and is made of steel pipe pile (4) or RCD concrete on-site casting pile A jetty facility (2) designed in the form of a movable rail box (6) so that the front end has a widening section (5) and a trouser (8) having shipped the heavyweight structure (1) can safely advance; Installed on top of the jetty facility 2, when the heavy structure to be shipped is land transported and arrived on top of the transport frame, it directly supports the weight of the transported heavy structure as part of the jetty facility, A transport frame (3) connected to the loading beam (11) installed in the pants to serve as a load supporting medium structure for transferring the load of the weight structure to the pants (8) during shipment by the trolley; And Floating heavy structures on sea transport equipment, including a mooring / anchoring system provided on the pants to enter and exit the jetty facility to ensure safe and smooth entry and exit of the pants to the jetty facility. Device for The mooring / anchoring system according to claim 1, wherein the mooring / anchoring system mounted on the pants: uses a wire rope of suitable specification and is operable in the central control system (c), and the tension applied to the winch rope (9) during operation. A mooring winch (a) provided with a tension gauge (b) for grasping; Tension meter (b) for the detection of traction loads; A central control room (c) having centrally installed control panels of all the equipments to enable overall control from the center apart from the local switches; An anchor system (d) associated with the mooring system to move the pants to the correct position; Power generation chamber (e) designed to supply smooth electricity to all equipment; A fairlead f for changing the direction of the winch wire 9; Towing brackets required for sea transport (g); And The heavy structure, comprising a loading beam 11 which effectively transfers the load of the transport frame carrying the heavy structure to the pants and secures space between the pants and the structure to allow for mounting protection, securing movements, and effective securing work. Apparatus for shipping to seaborne equipment by float mating. Land-moving the weight structure 1 to be shipped from the fabrication site to a shipping position on top of the jetty facility 2 and the transport frame 3, and fixing the structure to be shipped and the transport frame; Accessing the pants to the jetty pier entrance using the tug boat 10, and then connecting the towing mooring line 9 installed on the pants to the mooring bits 7 of the jetty and waiting until the pants entry time; Entering the pants 8 into the jetty 2 using the mooring / anchoring system 12; Performing a POSITIONING operation using the mooring / anchoring system 12 of the pants and the stern of the pants when the pants arrive at the final entry position; After a period of time, adjusting the two structures so that they can be set in the correct position when the pants and the transport frame begin to contact each other; Separating and lifting the weight (1) from the jetty (2) when the load of the weight structure to be shipped is completely transferred to the pants as the pants rise as the tide rises; Preparing to release the pants from the jetty facility by completing the crunch work between the pants and the heavy goods in the state where the pants and the heavy goods are lifted up by the tide rise (LIFT-UP); Moving the pants out of the jetty pier in the reverse order of entry and exit using the mooring / anchoring system according to the shipping procedure; And Method for shipping heavy structures to seaborne equipment by float mating, including the step of rechecking shipment status and completing the necessary preliminary preparations for the departure of the trousers when the loaded trouser completes entry from Jetty Pier. .