KR20010047299A - An auto gear change system of a semi auto transmission - Google Patents
An auto gear change system of a semi auto transmission Download PDFInfo
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- KR20010047299A KR20010047299A KR1019990051459A KR19990051459A KR20010047299A KR 20010047299 A KR20010047299 A KR 20010047299A KR 1019990051459 A KR1019990051459 A KR 1019990051459A KR 19990051459 A KR19990051459 A KR 19990051459A KR 20010047299 A KR20010047299 A KR 20010047299A
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- vacuum
- semi
- accelerator pedal
- throttle lever
- automatic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
- F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
- F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
- F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
- F16H61/2807—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted using electric control signals for shift actuators, e.g. electro-hydraulic control therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
- F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
- F16H61/0251—Elements specially adapted for electric control units, e.g. valves for converting electrical signals to fluid signals
- F16H2061/026—On-off solenoid valve
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 차량의 반자동변속기에 있어서 기어변속시 액셀페달을 조작하여야 하는 불편을 해소하여 액셀페달을 밟은 "ON"상태에서도 기어변속이 원활하게 이루어짐에 따라 운전자의 편의성을 향상시킨 반자동 변속장치의 자동기어 변속시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention solves the inconvenience of manipulating the accelerator pedal when shifting gears in a semi-automatic transmission of a vehicle. A gear shift system.
주지된 바와 같이 차량용 변속장치는 크게 2가지로 구분되는바, 즉 수동변속장치와 자동변속장치 인데, 전자인 수동변속장치는 기어변속시 액셀페달에서 완전히 발을 떼고 클러치페달을 밟은 상태에서 기어변속을 수행하게 되고, 자동변속기는 클러치페달이 없는 상태에서 액셀페달의 밟은 상태와 관계 없이 기어변속이 가능하게 되어 있다.As is well known, there are two types of vehicle transmissions: manual transmissions and automatic transmissions. Electronic manual transmissions are gear shifts with the pedal pedal completely removed from the accelerator pedal when the gear is shifted. In the absence of the clutch pedal, the automatic transmission is capable of shifting the gear regardless of the stepped state of the accelerator pedal.
또한 최근에는 수동변속기의 단점을 보완하여 보다 편리하게 기어변속을 수행하는 반자동 변속장치가 제안되어 실용화되고 있는데, 이러한 반자동 변속장치와 수동변속장치에서는 기어변속시 액셀페달을 ON/OFF해야 하는 불편함이 있었다.Recently, semi-automatic transmissions are proposed and put into practice to compensate for the shortcomings of manual transmissions. The semi-automatic transmissions and manual transmissions are inconvenient to turn on / off the accelerator pedal during gear shifting. There was this.
여기서 액셀페달의 ON은 액셀을 밟은 상태를 말하고, OFF는 액셀페달에서 발을 뗀 상태를 말한다.Here, the accelerator pedal ON refers to a state where the accelerator is pressed, and the OFF state refers to a state where the accelerator pedal is released.
예를 들어 반자동 변속장치를 도 4를 참조로 설명하면, 도면에 도시된 바와 같이 운전자가 기어변속레버(102)를 이용하여 변속을 수행하게 될때 액셀페달(112)을 OFF상태로 유지한 다음, 기어변속레버(102)를 조작하면 원활한 기어변속이 이루어지도록 되어 있으나, 이 액셀페달(112)을 ON상태에서 기어변속레버(102)를 시프트하게 되면, 상기 기어변속레버(102)의 조작과 동시에 TCU(103)에는 기어위치센서(101)의 신호가 입력되어 클러치부스터(106)를 OFF시키기 때문에 엔진은 프리액셀상태(무부하상태에서 액셀페달을 조작한 상태를 칭함)가 되어 RPM이 급격하게 상승하게 되어 있다.For example, the semi-automatic transmission device will be described with reference to FIG. 4. As shown in the figure, when the driver performs the shift using the gear shift lever 102, the accelerator pedal 112 is kept in the OFF state. When the gear shift lever 102 is operated, a smooth gear shift is achieved. However, when the gear shift lever 102 is shifted while the accelerator pedal 112 is turned on, the gear shift lever 102 is operated simultaneously with the operation of the gear shift lever 102. Since the signal of the gear position sensor 101 is input to the TCU 103 and the clutch booster 106 is turned off, the engine is in a pre-accelerated state (referred to as a state in which an accelerator pedal is operated under no-load state) and the RPM increases rapidly. It is supposed to be done.
또한 상기 클러치부스터(106)가 OFF됨에 따라 수동식 변속기(104)를 작동시키는 마스터실린더(107)가 작동을 하지 않게 되어 기어변속은 이루어지지 않게 되어 있다.In addition, as the clutch booster 106 is turned off, the master cylinder 107 for operating the manual transmission 104 is not operated, so that the gear shift is not performed.
이와 같이 반자동 변속장치에서는 반드시 기어변속조작시에 액셀페달을 OFF시켜야만 기어변속이 이루어지며, 이는 수동식 변속장치에서도 동일하게 적용되는 상황이다.Thus, in the semi-automatic transmission, the gear pedal must be turned off when the gear shifting operation is performed, and the same applies to the manual transmission.
이에 본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 발명된 것으로, 액셀페달의 조작에 상관없이도 기어변속이 자유롭게 이루어져 운전자의 운전편의성을 향상시킨 반자동 변속장치의 자동기어변속시스템을 제공함에 그 목적이 있다.Therefore, the present invention has been invented to solve the above problems, and the object of the present invention is to provide an automatic gear shifting system of a semi-automatic shifting device that is freely shifted regardless of the operation of the accelerator pedal to improve the driver's driving comfort. .
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 반자동기어변속시스템의 전체 개략 구성도,1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a semi-automatic gear shifting system according to the present invention;
도 2는 본 발명의 요부인 드로틀레버의 일예를 나타낸 정면도,Figure 2 is a front view showing an example of the main portion of the throttle lever of the present invention,
도 3은 본 발명의 요부인 드로틀레버의 다른 실시예를 나타낸 정면도,3 is a front view showing another embodiment of the throttle lever which is the main part of the present invention;
도 4는 종래 반자동 변속장치의 기어변속시스템을 나타낸 개략 구성도이다.Figure 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a gear shift system of a conventional semi-automatic transmission.
-도면중 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명-Explanation of symbols on main parts of drawing
1 : 기어위치센서, 2 : 기어변속레버,1: gear position sensor, 2: gear shift lever,
3 : TCU, 4 : 수동식 변속기,3: TCU, 4: manual transmission,
5 : 모터, 6 : 클러치부스터,5: motor, 6: clutch booster,
7 : 마스터실린더, 8 : 진공서지탱크,7: master cylinder, 8: vacuum surge tank,
9 : 진공솔레노이드밸브, 10 : 진공작동기,9: vacuum solenoid valve, 10: vacuum actuator,
11 : 연결관, 12 : 액셀페달,11 connector, 12 accelerator pedal,
13 : 댐퍼, 14 : 드로틀레버,13: damper, 14: throttle lever,
15 : 힌지축, 16 : 케이블,15: hinge shaft, 16: cable,
17 : 케이블, 18 : 스프링,17: cable, 18: spring,
19 : 슬라이더, 20 : 로드,19: slider, 20: load,
21 : 걸림부, 22 : 걸림핀.21: locking portion, 22: locking pin.
상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은 기어위치센서를 갖춘 기어변속레버가 TCU에 연결되고 이 TCU에는 수동식 변속기를 작용시키는 클러치부스터의 마스터실린더가 연결되어 이루어진 반자동 변속장치에 있어서, 상기 TCU에는 진공서지탱크에 진공솔레노이드밸브가 연결되고 이 진공솔레노이드밸브는 대기에 연통된 진공작동기와 연결관을 매개로 연결되며, 이 진공작동기는 케이블을 통하여 드로틀레버에 연결되되, 이 드로틀레버의 다른쪽은 액셀페달을 케이블 내지는 로드를 통해 작용시키는 댐퍼에 연결되어 이루어진 구조로 되어 있다.The present invention for achieving the above object is a semi-automatic transmission comprising a gear shift lever having a gear position sensor is connected to the TCU and the master cylinder of the clutch booster for operating a manual transmission to the TCU, the TCU A vacuum solenoid valve is connected to the vacuum surge tank, and this vacuum solenoid valve is connected to a vacuum actuator connected to the atmosphere by means of a connector, and the vacuum actuator is connected to the throttle lever through a cable, and the other side of the throttle lever The accelerator pedal is connected to a damper that acts through a cable or rod.
여기서 상기 드로틀밸브는 힌지축을 지점으로 회동되는데, 이 드로틀밸브의 한쪽은 케이블을 통하여 진공작동기에 연결되어 있으면서 다른쪽은 다른 케이블을 통하여 댐퍼에 연결되어 있으며, 상기 드로틀레버에 연결되는 댐퍼는 일정한 장력을 가진 스프링에 의하여 케이블과 액셀페달에 연결된 케이블에 서로 연결되는 구조로 되어 있는데, 상기 스프링의 장력(Fs)과 드로틀레버의 장력(Fp) 및 액셀페달의 장력(Fa)은 다음과 같은 관계를 가진다.Here, the throttle valve is rotated to the hinge axis point, one side of the throttle valve is connected to the vacuum actuator through the cable while the other is connected to the damper through the other cable, the damper connected to the throttle lever is a constant tension The spring is connected to the cable and the cable connected to the accelerator pedal. The tension of the spring (Fs), the tension of the throttle lever (Fp) and the tension of the accelerator pedal (Fa) are as follows. Have
Fa = Fp, Fa〈 Fs, Fp〈 Fs.Fa = Fp, Fa <Fs, Fp <Fs.
이하 본 발명을 첨부된 예시도면에 의거 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 반자동 변속장치의 자동기어변속 시스템을 나타낸 전체 구성도로서, 도면에 도시된 바와 같이 기어위치센서(1)를 갖춘 기어변속레버(2)가 TCU(3)에 전기적으로 연결되고, 이 TCU(3)에는 수동식 변속기(4)를 작용시키는 모터(5)를 구비한 클러치부스터(6)의 마스터실린더(7)가 온라인 방식으로 연결되어 이루어진 반자동 변속장치에 있어서, 상기 TCU(3)에는 진공서지탱크(8)에 연결된 진공솔레노이드밸브(9)가 전기적으로 연결되고,이 진공솔레노이드(9)는 대기에 연통된 진공작동기(10)와 연결관(11)을 매개로 연결되되, 이 진공작동기(10)는 액셀페달(12)을 작동시키는 댐퍼(13)에 연결되는 드로틀레버(14)와 연결되어 이루어진 구조로 되어 있다.1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an automatic gear shifting system of a semi-automatic shifting apparatus according to the present invention. A semi-automatic transmission in which the TCU 3 is connected in an online manner with a master cylinder 7 of a clutch booster 6 having a motor 5 for actuating a manual transmission 4. (3) is connected to the vacuum solenoid valve (9) electrically connected to the vacuum surge tank (8), the vacuum solenoid (9) is connected to the vacuum actuator 10 and the connection pipe (11) connected to the atmosphere via a medium However, the vacuum actuator 10 is configured to be connected to the throttle lever 14 connected to the damper 13 to operate the accelerator pedal 12.
한편 상기 드로틀레버(14)는 힌지축(15)을 지점으로 회동되는데, 이 드로틀레버(14)의 한쪽은 케이블(16)을 통하여 진공작동기(10)에 연결되고 이의 다른쪽은 다른 케이블(17)을 통하여 댐퍼(13)에 연결되어 있다.On the other hand, the throttle lever 14 is rotated to the hinge shaft 15 to the point, one side of the throttle lever 14 is connected to the vacuum actuator 10 through the cable 16 and the other cable 17 Is connected to the damper (13).
그리고 상기 드로틀레버(14)에 연결되는 댐퍼(13)에는 일정한 장력(Fs)를 지닌 스프링(18)이 내장되되, 이 스프링(18)의 장력(Fs)과 액셀페달(12)의 케이블(23)에 걸리는 장력(Fa) 및 드로틀레버(14)에 걸리는 장력(Fp)은 다음과 같은 관계를 가진다.In addition, the damper 13 connected to the throttle lever 14 includes a spring 18 having a constant tension Fs, and the tension Fs of the spring 18 and the cable 23 of the accelerator pedal 12. The tension Fa applied to) and the tension Fp applied to the throttle lever 14 have the following relationship.
Fa = Fp, Fa〈 Fs.Fa = Fp, Fa <Fs.
이어 본 발명에 따른 반자동 변속장치의 기어변속시스템의 작용을 설명하면, 일반적으로 반자동 변속장치에서 기어변속을 위하여 액셀페달에서 발을 떼는, 즉 OFF상태를 해야만 하나, 본원발명에서는 이와 같은 불편이 없는바, 먼저 액셀페달(12)을 밟고 있는 ON상태에서 기어변속레버(2)를 조작하게 되면, 기어위치센서(1)의 신호가 TCU(3)에 인가되며, 이 TCU(3)에서는 클러치부스터(6)로 OFF 신호를 인가시킴과 동시에 진공솔레노이드밸브(9)에도 액셀페달(12)에 OFF신호를 보내게 된다.Next, the operation of the gear shifting system of the semi-automatic transmission device according to the present invention generally requires the foot pedal to be released from the accelerator pedal for gear shifting in the semi-automatic transmission device, i.e., to be in an OFF state. If the gear shift lever 2 is operated while the accelerator pedal 12 is pressed on first, the signal of the gear position sensor 1 is applied to the TCU 3, and the clutch booster is applied to the TCU 3. The OFF signal is applied to (6) and the OFF signal is also sent to the accelerator pedal 12 to the vacuum solenoid valve 9.
그러면 상기 진공서지탱크(8)의 진공력이 이 진공솔레노이드밸브(9)와 연결관(11)을 통하여 진공작동기(10)에 전달됨에 따라, 상기 진공작동기(10)는 드로틀레버(14)를 도 2에 도시된 점선의 위치에서 실선의 위치인 초기위치로 끌어 당기게 되는데, 상기 드로틀레버(14)는 힌지축(15)을 지점으로 회동되어 댐퍼(13)에 연결된 케이블(16)을 잡아당기게 된다. 그러면 이 드로틀레버(14)의 장력(Fp)은 댐퍼(13)의 스프링(18)의 장력(Fs) 보다 초기에는 작으나 진공력의 당김작용으로 이 댐퍼(13)의 스프링(18)을 압축시키면서 작용하게 된다.Then, as the vacuum force of the vacuum surge tank 8 is transmitted to the vacuum actuator 10 through the vacuum solenoid valve 9 and the connecting pipe 11, the vacuum actuator 10 is the throttle lever 14 In the position of the dotted line shown in Figure 2 is pulled to the initial position, which is the position of the solid line, the throttle lever 14 is rotated to the hinge axis 15 to the point to pull the cable 16 connected to the damper 13 do. Then, the tension Fp of the throttle lever 14 is initially smaller than the tension Fs of the spring 18 of the damper 13, while compressing the spring 18 of the damper 13 by the pulling force of the vacuum force. Will work.
따라서 상기 댐퍼(13)에 연결된 액셀페달(12)의 케이블(17)을 잡아당기게 되어 이 액셀페달(12)은 초기위치인 액셀페달(12)의 OFF상태로 끌어 당겨지게 되는바, 이때 운전자는 밟고 있는 액셀페달(12)의 답력상승을 약간 느끼게 된다.Therefore, the cable 17 of the accelerator pedal 12 connected to the damper 13 is pulled out so that the accelerator pedal 12 is pulled to the OFF state of the accelerator pedal 12 which is the initial position. You will feel a slight increase in the pedal effort of the accelerator pedal 12.
이와 같이 기어변속조작이 완료되면, 상기 진공작동기(10)에 대기압이 작용하여 드로틀레버(14)는 댐퍼(13)의 스프링(18) 복원력에 의하여 힌지축(15)을 중심으로 실선의 위치에서 점선의 위치로 복귀됨에 따라 운전자가 밟고 있는 액셀페달(12)이 원래의 위치 상태로 복귀되어 엔진 RPM은 즉시 원상태로 회복되는바, 이는 액셀페달(12)의 ON상태로 복귀되는 상황이기도 하다.When the gear shifting operation is completed as described above, atmospheric pressure is applied to the vacuum actuator 10 so that the throttle lever 14 is positioned at the solid line around the hinge shaft 15 by the restoring force of the spring 18 of the damper 13. As the accelerator pedal 12 stepped on by the driver returns to its original position as it is returned to the dotted line position, the engine RPM is immediately restored to its original state, which is also a situation in which the accelerator pedal 12 is returned to the ON state.
상기와 같이 본 발명은 반자동 변속장치에서도 기어변속을 위하여 운전자가 별도로 액셀페달(12)에서 발을 떼고 밟는 조작을 수행하지 않고서도 원활한 기어변속이 이루어지는 것이다.As described above, the present invention provides a smooth gear shift even in a semi-automatic shift apparatus without shifting and stepping on the pedal pedal 12 by the driver separately.
한편, 상기 드로틀레버(14)는 도 2에 도시된 바와 같이 진공작동기(10)와 케이블(16)을 매개로 슬라이더(19) 방식으로 연결될 수 있으나, 필요에 따라 도 3과 같이 진공작동기(10)에 연결된 로드(20)의 걸림부(21)에는 이 드로틀레버(14)의 걸림핀(22)이 걸리어 연결되는 방식으로 채택할 수도 있으며, 어느것이든지 상기 진공작동기(10)의 진공력이 이 드로틀레버(14)에 정확하게 전달되는 구조이면 상관이 없다.Meanwhile, the throttle lever 14 may be connected to the slider 19 through the vacuum actuator 10 and the cable 16 as shown in FIG. 2, but, if necessary, the vacuum actuator 10 as shown in FIG. 3. The engaging portion 21 of the rod 20 connected to the) may be adopted in such a way that the engaging pin 22 of the throttle lever 14 is caught and connected, whichever vacuum force of the vacuum actuator 10 It does not matter as long as it is a structure delivered correctly to this throttle lever 14.
또한 도면에는 도시하지 않았지만 본 발명의 기어변속시스템은 수동식 변속장치에도 적용하여 이용할 수도 있는바, 이때에는 상기 액셀페달(12)에 본 발명의 시스템을 그대로 적용할 수 있음은 물론이다.In addition, although not shown in the drawings, the gear shift system of the present invention may be applied to a manual transmission device, and in this case, the system of the present invention may be applied to the accelerator pedal 12 as it is.
상기와 같이 본 발명에 따른 반자동 변속장치의 자동기어변속 시스템은 기어변속작용시 액셀페달에서 발을 떼고 다시 밟는 번거로운 조작 없이도 밟고 있는 액셀페달의 운전상태에서도 간편하게 기어변속이 수행됨에 따라 운전자의 편의성을 향상시킨 이점을 갖추게 된다.As described above, the automatic gear shifting system of the semi-automatic shifting device according to the present invention can be conveniently operated even when the gear shift is performed even in the operating state of the accelerator pedal which is stepped without the cumbersome operation of stepping on the accelerator pedal again when the gear shifting action is performed. You will have an improved benefit.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019990051459A KR100307094B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 1999-11-19 | An auto gear change system of a semi auto transmission |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019990051459A KR100307094B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 1999-11-19 | An auto gear change system of a semi auto transmission |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20010047299A true KR20010047299A (en) | 2001-06-15 |
| KR100307094B1 KR100307094B1 (en) | 2001-10-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019990051459A KR100307094B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 1999-11-19 | An auto gear change system of a semi auto transmission |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101041658B1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2011-06-14 | 오희웅 | Semi automatic transmission apparatus for automobile with a manual transmission |
| KR101297183B1 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2013-08-26 | 주식회사 바로그생각 | Semi automatic transmission apparatus |
-
1999
- 1999-11-19 KR KR1019990051459A patent/KR100307094B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101041658B1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2011-06-14 | 오희웅 | Semi automatic transmission apparatus for automobile with a manual transmission |
| KR101297183B1 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2013-08-26 | 주식회사 바로그생각 | Semi automatic transmission apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100307094B1 (en) | 2001-10-29 |
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