KR20010001793A - Chicory beverage containing oligo-fructose and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Chicory beverage containing oligo-fructose and its manufacturing method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
KR20010001793A
KR20010001793A KR1019990021232A KR19990021232A KR20010001793A KR 20010001793 A KR20010001793 A KR 20010001793A KR 1019990021232 A KR1019990021232 A KR 1019990021232A KR 19990021232 A KR19990021232 A KR 19990021232A KR 20010001793 A KR20010001793 A KR 20010001793A
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
chicory
activated carbon
processing liquid
inulinase
bitter taste
Prior art date
Application number
KR1019990021232A
Other languages
Korean (ko)
Other versions
KR100326976B1 (en
Inventor
채건상
이동환
김희서
Original Assignee
채건상
김중배
주식회사 삼배
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 채건상, 김중배, 주식회사 삼배 filed Critical 채건상
Priority to KR1019990021232A priority Critical patent/KR100326976B1/en
Publication of KR20010001793A publication Critical patent/KR20010001793A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of KR100326976B1 publication Critical patent/KR100326976B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/20Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2200/00Function of food ingredients
    • A23V2200/30Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2250/00Food ingredients
    • A23V2250/28Oligosaccharides

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A processing method of chicory by decomposing inulin of chicory root powder using a microbe secreting inulinase is provided for processed chicory juice containing oligofructose without a bitter taste. CONSTITUTION: The processed chicory juice is produced by the steps of: (i) culturing a microbe secreting inulinase in a medium having chicory root powder inside; (ii) centrifuging the culture solution to remove solid from the solution; (iii) eliminating the bitter taste of the chicory by reacting the solution with activated carbon at 60 deg.C for 1hr; and then (iv) passing the culture solution through a membrane filter to remove the activated carbon. A chicory drink contains the processed juice or the dried goods of chicory. The dried goods can be made by freeze drying the processed chicory juice.

Description

올리고 과당이 함유된 치커리 가공액 및 그 제조방법{Chicory beverage containing oligo-fructose and its manufacturing method}Chicory processing liquid containing oligosaccharide and its manufacturing method {Chicory beverage containing oligo-fructose and its manufacturing method}

본 발명은 이눌리나아제를 분비하는 미생물을 이용한 치커리 가공액 및 그 제조 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a chicory processing liquid using a microorganism that secretes inulinase and a method for producing the same.

지금까지 치커리 용도는 뿌리를 볶아 차대용으로 섭취하였다. 치커리의 잎은 야채로 이용해 오고 있으나, 현재까지 치커리를 미생물발효에 사용하여 제품을 생산한 사례는 전무하다. 치커리 뿌리에는 전체 중량의 15% ∼ 20%에 해당하는 이눌린이 존재하는데, 이로부터 올리고 과당을 생산할 수 있다. 올리고 과당은 혈중의 콜레스테롤 및 지방의 양을 낮추어 주고, 비피도박테리아의 생장을 촉진시킬 뿐만 아니라 암의 조기발생을 억제하는 효과가 있다(Wang, X. and Gibson, G. R., J. Appl. Bacteriol., 75, 373-380, 1993; Fiordaliso et al., Lipids, 30, 163-167, 1995; Reddy et al., Carcinogen, 18, 1371-1374, 1997). 올리고 과당을 음료에 이용하는 것은 이미 일부 기업에서 상용화하여 시판 중에 있으나, 현재 사용되는 올리고 과당은 설탕을 기질로 하여 프락토실트랜스퍼라제라는 효소를 이용하여 제조한 것으로, 이렇게 올리고 과당을 제조하면 반응이 일어나지 않은 설탕이 다량으로 남아 있어 당뇨병 환자는 전혀 이용을 하지 못하게 될 뿐만 아니라 올리고 과당의 함량을 높이기 위해서는 별도의 분리 과정이 필요하게 되어 올리고 과당 함유 음료의 제조원가가 상승하게 하는 요인이 되고 있다. 그러나, 본 발명에서와 같이 이눌리나아제를 이용하여 이눌린을 분해하여 올리고 과당을 제조하면 설탕은 남아 있지 않고 약간의 포도당이 포함되는 정도이며 또한 치커리 뿌리의 분말을 물에 풀어 미생물을 배양하면 올리고 과당이 함유된 치키리의 가공액을 생산할 수 있기 때문에 원가 면에서도 저렴하다.So far, chicory uses have been roasted and consumed for tea. The leaves of chicory have been used as vegetables, but there are no examples of products produced using chicory for microbial fermentation. Chicory roots contain 15% to 20% of the total weight of inulin, from which oligosaccharides can be produced. Oligo-fructose lowers the amount of cholesterol and fat in the blood, promotes the growth of Bifidobacteria and inhibits the early onset of cancer (Wang, X. and Gibson, GR, J. Appl. Bacteriol. , 75, 373-380, 1993; Fiordaliso et al., Lipids, 30, 163-167, 1995; Reddy et al., Carcinogen, 18, 1371-1374, 1997). The use of oligosaccharides in beverages has already been commercialized by some companies, but currently used oligosaccharides are prepared using an enzyme called fructosyltransferase based on sugar as a substrate. Since sugar does not occur in large amounts, diabetics are not able to use it at all, and in order to increase the content of oligosaccharides, a separate separation process is required, which increases the manufacturing cost of oligosaccharide-containing drinks. However, as in the present invention, inulin is decomposed using inulinase to prepare oligosaccharides, and no sugar remains and a little glucose is contained, and when the microorganisms are cultured by releasing powder of chicory root into water, oligosaccharides are produced. It is inexpensive in terms of cost because it can produce the processing liquid of this containing Chiquiri.

본 발명의 목적은 인체에 무해한 미생물을 이용한 치커리 가공액을 제공함에 있다. 본 발명의 다른 목적은 치커리 가공액을 제조하는 방법을 제공함에 있다.An object of the present invention to provide a chicory processing liquid using a microorganism harmless to the human body. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a chicory processing liquid.

본 발명의 상기 목적은 차대용으로만 사용되는 치커리 뿌리를 원료로 하여, 효과적으로 올리고 과당이 함유된 가공액을 제조한 후, 치커리의 쓴맛을 활성탄을 이용하여 제거함으로서 달성하였다.The above object of the present invention was achieved by using a chicory root used only for the undercarriage as a raw material, effectively preparing a processed liquid containing fructose and then removing the bitter taste of chicory using activated carbon.

이하 본 발명의 구성 및 작용을 설명한다.Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the present invention.

도 1은 이눌리나아제를 분비하는 미생물을 이용한 치커리 가공액 제조 방법을 나타낸 순서도이다.Figure 1 is a flow chart showing a chicory processing liquid manufacturing method using a microorganism secreting inulinase.

도 2a는 치커리 뿌리 분말이 함유된 액상 원료를 멸균한 후 고압액체크로마토크래피한 결과를 나타낸다.Figure 2a shows the result of high-pressure liquid chromatography after sterilizing the liquid raw material containing chicory root powder.

도 2b는 치커리 뿌리 분말이 함유된 액상원료에 이눌리나아제가 도입된 재조합 효모를 진탕 배양하여 얻은 배양액을 고압액체크로마토그래피한 결과를 나타낸다.Figure 2b shows the results of high-pressure liquid chromatography of the culture solution obtained by shaking culture of the recombinant yeast in which inulinase was introduced into the liquid raw material containing chicory root powder.

도 2c는 이눌리나아제를 분비하는 미생물을 진탕 배양하여 얻은 배양액을 활성탄을 처리하고 멤브레인 필터로 여과 후 고압액체크로마토그래피한 결과를 나타낸다.Figure 2c shows the result of high-pressure liquid chromatography of the culture solution obtained by shaking culture of the microorganisms secreting inulinase after treatment with activated carbon and filtration with a membrane filter.

본 발명은 치커리의 뿌리 분말에서 올리고 과당을 생산하는 단계; 활성탄을 이용하여 배양액에서 치커리의 쓴맛을 제거하는 단계; 멤브레인 필터에 의해 활성탄을 제거하는 단계; 치커리 가공액의 동결건조단계로 이루어진다.The present invention comprises the steps of producing oligosaccharides from the root powder of chicory; Removing bitter taste of chicory from the culture using activated carbon; Removing activated carbon by a membrane filter; It consists of a lyophilization step of the chicory processing liquid.

이하, 본 발명은 하기 실시예를 통하여 상세히 설명하지만 본 발명의 권리범위가 이들 실시예에 의해 제한되는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

실시예 1: 치커리의 뿌리 분말에서 올리고 과당의 생산Example 1: Production of Oligo-Fructose from the Root Powder of Chicory

60g의 치커리 뿌리를 파쇄하여 분말을 얻고 100mL의 물을 가하여 액상의 원료를 준비하였다. 여기에 아스퍼질러스 피쿰에서 분리한 이눌리나아제가 발현되도록 재조합된 플라스미드가 도입된 재조합 효모를 접종하여 24시간 또는 48시간 동안 30℃에서 진탕배양하였다. 진탕배양된 배양액을 수거하여 세포를 원심분리로 제거한 후 고압액체크로마토그래피에 의해 배양 산물의 조성을 분석하였다. 배양액 조성산물에는 포도당이 15% 내외, 그리고 나머지 올리고 과당으로 구성되어 있음을 확인하였다. 도 2a는 재조합 효모를 접종하기 전 치커리 뿌리의 액상원료에 대한 조성을 나타낸 것이고, 도 2b는 재조합 효모를 액상 원료에 배양하여 얻어진 산물의 조성을 나타낸 것이다. 배양액에서 고압액체크로마토그래피에 의한 포도당과 올리고 과당을 분석하는 조건(표 1)과 동 조건하에서 각 당이 검출기를 통과하는 시간(표 2)은 다음과 같다.60 g of chicory root was crushed to obtain a powder, and 100 mL of water was added to prepare a liquid raw material. Herein was inoculated with recombinant yeast introduced with the recombinant plasmid to express the inulinase isolated from Aspergillus picum, and cultured at 30 ° C. for 24 hours or 48 hours. The cultured cultures were shaken and the cells were removed by centrifugation, and the composition of the cultures was analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. It was confirmed that the culture composition was composed of about 15% of glucose and the remaining oligosaccharides. Figure 2a shows the composition for the liquid raw material of chicory root before inoculating recombinant yeast, Figure 2b shows the composition of the product obtained by culturing the recombinant yeast in a liquid raw material. The conditions for analyzing glucose and oligosaccharides by high pressure liquid chromatography in the culture medium (Table 1) and the time for each sugar to pass through the detector under the same conditions (Table 2) are as follows.

포도당과 올리고 과당의 분석조건Analysis Conditions of Glucose and Oligo-Fructose 조 건 항 목Condition Item 내 용Contents 컬럼 종류Column type BioRad HPX-42CBioRad HPX-42C 온도Temperature 65℃65 ℃ 컬럼 용출 용액Column elution solution 증류수Distilled water 유속Flow rate 0.5mL/분0.5 mL / min 검출기Detector 굴절률 검출기Refractive index detector

당의 검출기 통과 시간Sugar detector transit time 당 종 류Sugar species 검출 시간(분)Detection time (minutes) 과당 5개 짜리5 fructose 9.49.4 과당 4개 짜리4 fructose 10.310.3 과당 3개 짜리3 fructose 11.711.7 과당 2개 짜리2 fructose 13.713.7 설탕Sugar 13.713.7 포도당glucose 16.416.4 과당fruit sugar 20.320.3

실시예 2: 배양액에서 치커리의 쓴맛 제거Example 2: Removal of Bitter Taste of Chicory in Culture

제 1단계: 활성탄에 의한 치커리의 쓴맛 제거Step 1: Remove the Bitter Taste of Chicory by Activated Carbon

배양액 100mL 당 활성탄 2.5g을 첨가한 후 60℃에서 1시간 반응시킴으로써 치커리의 쓴맛을 완전히 제거할 수 있었다.By adding 2.5 g of activated carbon per 100 mL of the culture solution and reacting at 60 ° C. for 1 hour, the bitter taste of chicory could be completely removed.

제 2단계: 원심분리에 의한 활성탄 제거Step 2: remove activated carbon by centrifugation

제 1단계의 쓴맛이 제거된 배양액내 활성탄을 원심분리하여 제거하고자 하였으나, 완전하게는 제거되지 않았다.Although the activated carbon in the culture medium from which the bitterness of step 1 was removed was attempted to be removed by centrifugation, it was not completely removed.

제 3단계: 와트만 필터에 의한 활성탄의 제거Step 3: Removal of Activated Carbon by Whatman Filter

제 2단계의 원심분리로 일부의 활성탄이 제거된 배양액의 잔류 활성탄을 와트만 필터로 걸러 보았으나 역시 완전하게는 제거되지 않았다.The remaining activated carbon in the culture medium in which some activated carbon was removed by the second stage centrifugation was filtered through a Wattman filter, but was not completely removed.

제 4단계: 멤브레인 필터에 의한 활성탄의 제거Fourth Step: Removal of Activated Carbon by Membrane Filter

제 3단계의 와트만 필터로 활성탄 입자를 일부 제거한 배양액을 0.45㎛ 멤브레인 필터를 여과시켜 쓴맛과 활성탄이 완전히 제거된 치커리 가공액을 얻었다.0.45 μm membrane filter was filtered on the culture medium in which the activated carbon particles were partially removed by the third step Whatman filter to obtain a chicory processing solution in which bitterness and activated carbon were completely removed.

실시예 3: 활성탄 처리와 멤브레인 필터 여과가 올리고 과당 함량에 미치는 영향Example 3: Effect of Activated Carbon Treatment and Membrane Filter Filtration on Oligosaccharide Content

배양액에 활성탄을 처리하고 멤브레인 필터로 여과함으로써 배양액 내의 올리고 과당 함량에 변화가 있는지의 여부를 활성탄을 처리하기 전과 활성탄을 처리하고 멤브레인 필터에 의한 여과 후의 배양액을 위와 같이 고압액체크로마토그래피로 분석하였다. 활성탄 처리와 여과 전후에 배양액내의 올리고 과당의 함량 변화는 보이지 않았다(도 2b와 2c).The treated medium was treated with activated carbon and filtered through a membrane filter to determine whether there was a change in the oligosaccharide content in the culture medium. There was no change in the content of oligosaccharides in the culture medium before and after activated charcoal treatment and filtration (FIGS. 2B and 2C).

실시예 4: 치커리 가공액의 동결건조Example 4 Lyophilization of Chicory Processing Liquid

상기의 치커리 가공액 100mL를 동결건조하여 약 5g의 동결건조된 건조품을 얻을 수 있었다.Freeze-drying of 100 mL of the chicory processing solution was able to obtain about 5g of lyophilized dried product.

이상, 실시예에서 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명은 치커리 뿌리 부분에 함유된 이눌린을 이눌리나아제를 분비하는 미생물로 처리하여 분해함으로써 올리고 과당을 다량 함유하는 치키리 가공액을 경제적으로 얻을 수 있는 효과가 있으므로, 따라서, 본 발명은 음료식품과 건강식품 산업상 매우 유용한 발명인 것이다.As described above, the present invention has an effect of economically obtaining a chicory processing liquid containing a large amount of oligosaccharides by treating and decomposing the inulin contained in the chicory root with a microorganism that secretes inulinase. Therefore, the present invention is a very useful invention in the beverage food and health food industry.

Claims (4)

치커리 뿌리 분말에 함유된 이눌린에 이눌리나아제를 분비하는 미생물을 처리하여 이눌린이 분해된 올리고 과당을 함유하고 치커리의 쓴맛이 제거된 것을 특징으로 하는 치커리 가공액.A chicory processing liquid, characterized in that the inulin contained in chicory root powder is treated with a microorganism that secretes inulinase to contain oligosaccharides from which inulin is degraded, and the bitter taste of chicory is removed. 제 1항 기재의 치커리 가공액을 동결건조하여 얻을 수 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 치커리 건조품.A chicory dried product, obtained by lyophilizing the chicory processing liquid according to claim 1. 제 1항 또는 제 2항 기재의 치커리 가공액 또는 그 건조품을 함유하는 치커리 음료Chicory beverage containing chicory processing liquid of Claim 1 or 2, or its dried product 치커리 뿌리의 파쇄 공정; 치커리 뿌리가 든 배지에서 이눌리나아제를 분비하는 미생물의 배양 공정; 배양액 내의 고형분 제거를 위한 원심분리 공정; 활성탄에 의한 치커리의 쓴맛제거 공정 및; 활성탄제거를 위한 필터여과 공정을 거쳐 제 1항 기재의 치커리 가공액을 얻는 것을 특징으로 하는 치커리 가공액 제조방법Crushing process of chicory root; Culturing the microorganisms secreting inulinase in a medium containing chicory roots; Centrifugation for removing solids in the culture; Bitter taste removal process of chicory by activated carbon; Method for producing chicory processing liquid, characterized in that to obtain a chicory processing liquid according to claim 1 through a filter filtration process for removing activated carbon.
KR1019990021232A 1999-06-08 1999-06-08 Chicory beverage containing oligo-fructose and its manufacturing method KR100326976B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019990021232A KR100326976B1 (en) 1999-06-08 1999-06-08 Chicory beverage containing oligo-fructose and its manufacturing method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019990021232A KR100326976B1 (en) 1999-06-08 1999-06-08 Chicory beverage containing oligo-fructose and its manufacturing method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR20010001793A true KR20010001793A (en) 2001-01-05
KR100326976B1 KR100326976B1 (en) 2002-03-13

Family

ID=19590900

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1019990021232A KR100326976B1 (en) 1999-06-08 1999-06-08 Chicory beverage containing oligo-fructose and its manufacturing method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
KR (1) KR100326976B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2834862A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2003-07-25 Westhove DEAMERIZED CHICORE, PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME FROM CHICORE ROOTS AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF
KR100414389B1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2004-01-07 윤종원 Functional beverage containing chicory oligosaccharides and process for preparation thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100414389B1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2004-01-07 윤종원 Functional beverage containing chicory oligosaccharides and process for preparation thereof
FR2834862A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2003-07-25 Westhove DEAMERIZED CHICORE, PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME FROM CHICORE ROOTS AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF
WO2003061405A1 (en) * 2002-01-22 2003-07-31 Westhove Debittered chicory, the method of preparing same from chicory roots and the applications thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR100326976B1 (en) 2002-03-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR100881634B1 (en) The manufacturing process of extrusion puffed, supersonics waves and fermented red ginseng and mountain ginseng extracts
KR101274664B1 (en) Beverage composition containing mulberry leaves extract and ferment
KR101486648B1 (en) Fermented Sparassis crispa and method for preparing the same
KR20060001834A (en) Preparation method of fermented ginseng or fermented red ginseng using probiotics from kimchi
CN100389687C (en) Hawthorn acetic acid fermented drink and brewage method thereof
JPH1142078A (en) Ginseng vinegar for medicinal use and food containing the same
KR20080114264A (en) Producing method of concentrates for yield up polyphenol content of fragaric ananassa duch and method of vinegar using it
KR101132994B1 (en) Process for purifying difructose-dianhydride iii
JPH08173109A (en) Liquid food raw material and its preparation
JP4671450B1 (en) Diet food
JP3973108B2 (en) Method for producing low-calorie lactic acid bacteria beverage containing anthocyanin
CN111543530B (en) Preparation method of low-calorie momordica grosvenori sweet tea light drink
KR100326976B1 (en) Chicory beverage containing oligo-fructose and its manufacturing method
AU2018379673B2 (en) Luo han guo juice and preparation method thereof
CN102499405A (en) Preparation method for asparagus compound cereal fermentation type functional beverage
KR20110098570A (en) A method of preparing for onion fermented-beverage
JPS6119479A (en) Preparation of agar liquor
KR100252386B1 (en) A preparation for korean orange` wine
JPS589680A (en) Preparation of health nutrient drink containing culture fluid from fungus of genus grifola as principal constituent
CN113372461A (en) Method for extracting selenium polysaccharide with high antioxidant activity from selenium-rich passion fruit peel
KR101790414B1 (en) Method for Preparing of Vinegar Using Balsam Pear or Vinegar using Balsam Pear Prepared by the Method
KR20180032493A (en) Novle Lactobacillus plantarum SI-6 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus SI-15 strain, and uses thereof
JPH11290023A (en) Processed gostrodiae tuber food
KR100525016B1 (en) Grape juice reinforced oligosaccharide and the processing method thereof
KR20170060705A (en) Manufacturing method for schizandra vinegar using low temperature extraction

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A201 Request for examination
E902 Notification of reason for refusal
E701 Decision to grant or registration of patent right
GRNT Written decision to grant
FPAY Annual fee payment

Payment date: 20100201

Year of fee payment: 9

LAPS Lapse due to unpaid annual fee