KR20000072254A - Development of Microwave system for removal of Emitted Hazardous Materials from a Diesel Engine - Google Patents

Development of Microwave system for removal of Emitted Hazardous Materials from a Diesel Engine Download PDF

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KR20000072254A
KR20000072254A KR1020000048732A KR20000048732A KR20000072254A KR 20000072254 A KR20000072254 A KR 20000072254A KR 1020000048732 A KR1020000048732 A KR 1020000048732A KR 20000048732 A KR20000048732 A KR 20000048732A KR 20000072254 A KR20000072254 A KR 20000072254A
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South Korea
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microwave
diesel engine
heat
dipole
heating method
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KR1020000048732A
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Korean (ko)
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정태섭
양고수
김종국
이민호
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정태섭
주식회사 하이엔텍
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Priority to KR1020000048732A priority Critical patent/KR20000072254A/en
Publication of KR20000072254A publication Critical patent/KR20000072254A/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/028—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using microwaves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/202—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means using microwaves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A microwave system is provided to reduce air pollution by removing soot and noxious substance contained in the gas emission from diesel engine. CONSTITUTION: A heating system utilizing microwave comprises a magnetron for generating microwave, a transmission line for transmitting the generated microwave, and a reactor. As a heating method, a dielectric heating method utilizing a dipole rotation of particles, and an ionic conduction, wherein the applied energy is converted into heat by a mutual interaction between media, is employed. Therefore, heat efficiency differs in accordance with a physicochemical characteristic of the substance to be heated by a constant microwave energy. Substances having a permanent dipole moment are easily arranged in opposite to an electric field, and a heat is generated by the rotation of the dipole which is significantly affected by the temperature, size of molecule and frequency. Gas emissions from a diesel engine contains a variety of gas phase substances with polarity. Therefore, the gas phase noxious substances as well as soot ingredients are filtered and eliminated with efficiency.

Description

디젤엔진의 유해 배출가스 제거를 위한 마이크로웨이브 장치개발{Development of Microwave system for removal of Emitted Hazardous Materials from a Diesel Engine}Development of Microwave System for Removal of Hazardous Emissions from Diesel Engines {Development of Microwave system for removal of Emitted Hazardous Materials from a Diesel Engine}

본 발명은 디젤엔진의 유해 배출가스를 제거하는 Microwave 장치를 개발하는 것이다.The present invention is to develop a microwave device for removing the harmful emissions of the diesel engine.

디젤엔진으로부터 배출되는 유해물질에는 크게 입자상 물질(그을음, Soot)과 가스상 물질로 나눌 수 있고 특히 가스상 물질을 제거하기 위하여 많은 연구와 촉매제의 개발이 되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 촉매제를 이용한 처리기술은 배출되는 입자상의 물질로 인하여 그 효율이 급격히 저감될 뿐만 아니라 그 수명을 단축시킴에 따라서 효율적인 입자상물질을 제거하는 기술이 매우 필요하다. 국내외적으로 디젤자동차에서 발생하는 입자상 물질을 제거하기 위하여 여러 가지 재질의 디젤엔진용 필터가 개발되었으나 필터에 의한 soot 포집시에 필터에 함침시킨 열선에 의해 열적산화 됨으로서 제거하는 방법으로 처리시간이 매우 길뿐만 아니라 비교적 높은 전압이 필요하므로 고정 디젤엔진과 같이 큰 엔진의 경우에는 가능하나 움직이는 중소형 디젤 자동차에 적용하기에는 그 효율이 낮다고 하겠다.Toxic substances emitted from diesel engines can be largely divided into particulate matter (soot, soot) and gaseous substances. In particular, many studies and catalysts have been developed to remove gaseous substances. However, the treatment technology using such a catalyst is not only to reduce the efficiency rapidly due to the particulate matter discharged, but also to reduce the lifetime of the particulate matter is very necessary technology. In order to remove particulate matter generated in diesel cars at home and abroad, various diesel engine filters have been developed, but when the soot is collected by the filter, it is thermally oxidized by the hot wire impregnated into the filter. As it requires a relatively high voltage as well as a road, it is possible for a large engine such as a fixed diesel engine, but its efficiency is low for application to a moving small and medium-sized diesel vehicle.

디젤엔진용 필터를 가열하는 방법에는 크게 두가지 방법으로 하나는 기존의 전기의 열선을 이용하는 방법가 Microwave를 이용하는 방법으로 Microwave를 이용하여 Filter를 가열하는 경우에는 기존의 사용중인 열선을 이용한 방법에 비하여 여러 가지의 장점을 가지고 있다. 중요한 장점으로 첫째로 가온 하고자하는 물질을 순간적으로 균일하게 가열할 수 있다는 점과 둘째로 대부분의 Diesel기관으로부터 방출하는 배기가스에 함유된 그을음입자와 유해가스를 Microwave로 처리할 수 있기 때문에 그 처리 효율이 매우 높다는 점을 들 수 있다. Microwave의 한 가열방식은 Microwave의 에너지가 물질의 분자에 의하여 흡수되어 그 분자의 외각전자를 진동시킴으로써 열을 발생하게 된다. Microwave에 의한 가열방법의 주요 구성요소로는 파를 발생하는 발생기(Magetron), 파를 전달하는 도파관(Transmission line), 반응기(Reactor)등으로 이루져 있으며 가열방법은 Microwave에 의한 물질의 분자의 쌍극자 회전(dipole rotation) 과 이온전도(ionic conduction)에 의한 유전가열(dielectric heating)로서, 가해진 에너지가 매질간의 상호작용에 의해 열로서 전환되는 내부가열 방식이다. 따라서 일정한 Microwave의 에너지로도 가열대상 물질의 물리화학적 특성에 따라서 매우 다른 열 효율을 얻을수 있다는 특징이 있다.There are two ways to heat the diesel engine filter. One method is to use the electric heating wire of electricity. The other method is to use the microwave. In the case of heating the filter using the microwave, the method of heating the filter for the diesel engine is different. Has the advantage of. An important advantage is that first, the material to be warmed can be heated instantly and uniformly, and secondly, the soot particles and harmful gases contained in the exhaust gas emitted from most diesel engines can be treated with microwaves. This is very high. Microwave's heating method generates heat by absorbing the energy of microwaves by molecules of the material and vibrating their outer electrons. The main components of the microwave heating method consist of a generator (Magetron) that generates waves, a waveguide (Transmission line), a reactor (reactor), etc., and the heating method is a dipole of molecules of a substance by microwaves. Dielectric rotation by dipole rotation and ionic conduction, an internal heating method in which applied energy is converted into heat by interaction between media. Therefore, there is a characteristic that even with a constant microwave energy, very different thermal efficiency can be obtained according to the physical and chemical properties of the material to be heated.

본 발명에서의 디젤자동차 배출가스중 입자상물질(Soot)을 제거하는 Microwave 가온장치를 개발은 입자상 물질(Soot)의 제거 뿐만아니라 VOCs 및 NOx의 제거를 위한 촉매장치의 온도장을 균일하게 유지시킬 수 있는 통합개념의 디젤 엔진용 필터장치의 개념에 응용이 가능한 매우 유용한 장치라고 할 수 있다.Development of a microwave heating apparatus for removing particulate matter (Soot) in the diesel vehicle exhaust gas in the present invention can maintain a uniform temperature field of the catalyst device for the removal of VOCs and NOx as well as the removal of particulate matter (Soot). It is a very useful device that can be applied to the concept of the integrated filter device for diesel engines.

본 발명은 디젤엔진의 유해배출가스를 제거하는 Microwave 장치는 촉매장치의 수명을 단축시키고 피독현상 및 막힘현상을 초래하는 입자상 물질(Soot)의 제거 뿐만 아니라 VOCs 및 NOx의 제거를 위한 촉매장치의 온도장을 균일하게 유지시킬 수 있는 통합개념의 디젤 엔진용 필터장치의 개념에 응용이 가능한 매우 유용한 장치를 개발하는 것이다.The present invention provides a microwave apparatus for removing harmful emissions of diesel engines. The temperature of the catalyst apparatus for removing VOCs and NOx as well as the removal of particulate matter (Soot), which shortens the life of the catalytic apparatus and causes poisoning and clogging. It is to develop a very useful device that can be applied to the concept of the integrated filter device for diesel engines to keep the field uniform.

Microwave의 에너지는 물질의 분자에 의하여 흡수되어 그 분자의 외각전자를 진동시킴으로써 열을 발생하게 된다. Microwave에 의한 가열방법의 주용 구성요소로는 파를 발생하는 발생기(Magetron), 파를 전달하는 도파관(Transmission line), 반응기(Reactor)등으로 이루져 있으며 가열방법은 Microwave에 의한 물질의 분자의 쌍극자 회전(dipole rotation) 과 이온전도(ionic conduction)에 의한 유전가열(dielectric heating)로서, 가해진 에너지가 매질간의 상호작용에 의해 열로서 전환되는 내부가열 방식이다. 따라서 일정한 Microwave의 에너지로도 가열대상 물질의 물리화학적 특성에 따라서 매우 다른 열 효율을 얻을 수 있다는 특징이 있다. 즉 물분자 같이 영구쌍극자 모멘트(permanent dipole monent)를 갖고 있는 물질은 쉽게 전기장 반대로 배열하여 쌍극자 회전에 의하여 열이 발생하게 되며 쌍극자의 회전은 온도나 분자의 크기, 주파수에 많은 영향을 받게 된다. 이온전도에 의한 가열원리는 이온을 띤 물질들이 전기장에 의해 물질자체가 가진 극성의 반대방향으로 이동할 때 이온화되지 않은 분자들과 충돌함으로써 운동에너지가 열 에너지로 전환되는 원리를 이용한 것으로 온도와 주파수에 크게 영향을 받지 않게 된다. Microwave에 의한 매질의 단위 체적당 흡수되는 에너지(P= W/m3)는 다음의 식으로 나타낼 수 있다.Microwave energy is absorbed by molecules of a substance and generates heat by vibrating the outer electrons of the molecule. The main components of the microwave heating method consist of a generator (Magetron) that generates waves, a waveguide (Transmission line), a reactor (reactor), etc., and the heating method is a dipole of molecules of a substance by microwaves. Dielectric rotation by dipole rotation and ionic conduction, an internal heating method in which applied energy is converted into heat by interaction between media. Therefore, there is a characteristic that even with a constant microwave energy, very different thermal efficiency can be obtained according to the physical and chemical properties of the material to be heated. In other words, materials with permanent dipole moments, such as water molecules, are easily arranged in the opposite electric field and heat is generated by dipole rotation. The dipole rotation is affected by temperature, molecular size, and frequency. The heating principle by ion conduction uses the principle that ionic energy is converted into thermal energy by colliding with unionized molecules when ionic materials move in the opposite direction of their polarity by electric field. It will not be greatly affected. The energy absorbed per unit volume of the medium by microwave (P = W / m 3 ) can be expressed by the following equation.

상기의 식에서 매질에 의해 흡수되는 에너지는 주파수와 εr, tanδ에 선형적으로 비례하며 E에는 제곱의 관계로 변화함을 알 수 있다. 그리고 이들 변수는 상호 서로 독립적인 변수이기 때문에 이들 변수를 변화시킴으로써 매질에 의해 흡수되는 microwave 에너지의 크기를 변화시킬 수 있다고 하겠다. 다음의 표 2. 와 표 3.은 중요한 매질에 대한 물리적인 특성을 나타내고 있으며 Microwave를 이용한 filter 설계 및 제작시에 매우 중요한 factor될 것이다. Diesel엔진의 연소가스 중에는 증기(H2O)를 비롯한 극성을 가지는 다양한 가스상 물질이 포함되어 있기 때문에 효율적으로 이를 가온할 수 있으며 filter의 재질을 적정 선정함에 따라 filter에 포집되는 입자상의 그을음의 성분뿐만 아니라 통과하는 가스상의 유해성분을 효율적으로 처리할수 있을 것으로 본다. 그을음 및 유해가스 자체를 가열할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 filter 자체 물질을 microwave 에너지를 흡수할 수 있는 재질로 선정함에 따라 균일하게 순간적으로 filter에 포집되고 통과하는 그을음 및 VOCs를 효율적으로 처리할 수 있을 것으로 본다.In the above equation, the energy absorbed by the medium is linearly proportional to the frequency and ε r , tanδ and changes in the relation of E to square. And since these variables are independent of each other, by changing these variables, it is possible to change the magnitude of the microwave energy absorbed by the medium. Tables 2 and 3 below show the physical properties of important media and will be a very important factor in the design and fabrication of microwave filters. Since combustion gas of Diesel engine contains various gaseous substances with polarity including steam (H 2 O), it can be heated up efficiently and according to proper selection of filter material, Rather, it seems to be able to efficiently handle harmful components of gaseous phase passing through. The soot and harmful gas itself can be heated, and the filter itself is selected as a material capable of absorbing microwave energy, so that it is possible to efficiently treat soot and VOCs that are collected and passed through the filter uniformly and instantaneously. .

이상에서 상술한 바와 같이 본 발명은 디젤엔진에서 배출되는 입자상물질(Soot)을 제거하여 대기중으로 배출되는 유독성분과 디젤엔진의 보급율이 증가함에 따라 늘어만 가고 있는 디젤자동차에 의한 대기오염의 최소화를 목적으로 하고 있으며 자국의 기술로 개발된 기술을 보유하게 되므로 수입대체효과 및 수출로 인한 부가가치 창출이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.As described above, the present invention is aimed at minimizing air pollution by diesel vehicles, which are increasing as the diffusion rate of toxic components and diesel engines discharged into the air by removing particulate matter (Soot) discharged from diesel engines. It is expected that it will be able to create added value due to import substitution effect and export as it will possess technology developed by its own technology.

Claims (1)

Microwave 장치는 다음과 같이 설계된다.The microwave device is designed as follows. Microwave의 에너지는 물질의 분자에 의하여 흡수되어 그 분자의 외각전자를 진동시킴으로써 열을 발생하게 된다. Microwave에 의한 가열방법의 주요 구성요소로는 파를 발생하는 발생기(Magetron), 파를 전달하는 도파관(Transmission line), 반응기(Reactor)등으로 이루져 있으며 가열방법은 Microwave에 의한 물질의 분자의 쌍극자 회전(dipole rotation) 과 이온전도(ionic conduction)에 의한 유전가열(dielectric heating)로서, 가해진 에너지가 매질간의 상호작용에 의해 열로서 전환되는 내부가열 방식으로 설계된다.Microwave energy is absorbed by molecules of a substance and generates heat by vibrating the outer electrons of the molecule. The main components of the microwave heating method consist of a generator (Magetron) that generates waves, a waveguide (Transmission line), a reactor (reactor), etc., and the heating method is a dipole of molecules of a substance by microwaves. Dielectric rotation, by dipole rotation and ionic conduction, is designed as an internal heating method in which applied energy is converted into heat by interaction between the media.
KR1020000048732A 2000-08-22 2000-08-22 Development of Microwave system for removal of Emitted Hazardous Materials from a Diesel Engine KR20000072254A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100579760B1 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-05-15 전북대학교산학협력단 An adsorptim-detachment device using microwave

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100579760B1 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-05-15 전북대학교산학협력단 An adsorptim-detachment device using microwave

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