KR20000068940A - Coated Particles, methods of making and using - Google Patents

Abstract

The coated particles consist of an internal core and an exterior core that contain a matrix. The matrix consists essentially of at least one or more nanostructured liquid phases, or at least one or more nanostructured liquid crystalline phases, or a combination of both, and a nonlamellar crystalline. It is composed of external coated particles including material.

Methods for preparing and using the coated particles are as follows.

Description

Coated Particles, Methods for Making the Same, and Methods for Using Them {Coated Particles, methods of making and using}

Background of the Invention

Field of invention

The present invention relates to coated particles and to methods of making and using them.

The coated particles are applied by injecting one or more materials into a selected environment or by absorbing or selecting in a selected environment.

Related Technology

Two techniques are mainly addressed: polymer-coated particles and liposomes.

Polymer particle coatings have a number of limitations that can result in weak diffusion reactions when subjected to chemical and physical stimuli.

This restriction is due to the following two factors.

First, the polymer mass of the polymer decreases the kinetics of diffusion and diffusion.

Secondly, the neighboring effect broadly broadens the curves indicating chemical reactions caused by external stimuli, in particular factors such as hydrogen ion concentration (PH), salinity, oxidation, reduction, ionization, and the like. (Neighboring effects mean the following: chemical changes that occur in one monomer unit of the polymer play an important role when changing parameters that govern chemical variation in each neighboring monomer unit.) Is a collection of chemical species with a broad molecular mass distribution. In addition, only a limited number of suitable polymers are often available when applying polymer particle coating methods. This is because there are many limitations.

For universal reasons the coating process often requires both or one side of demanding chemical and physical conditions. The conditions are solvents, free radicals, temperature rise, dehydration or drying, and if necessary macroscopic shear stresses to form particles. For industrial applications, the mechanical and thermal stability of polymer coatings must be ensured, moreover, the mechanical and thermal stability of polymer coatings must be ensured, as in agriculture, and, in addition, there are conflicting environmental changes in the wide range of applications of polymer particle coatings, such as in agriculture.

Liposomes also have many limitations. Among the constraints are physical and chemical instability. The input of material placed in liposomes always depends on the destabilization of the liposome (thin film particle) structure. In particular, it is not porosity, so poro-controlled can not be used when adding such a material. The following double claims create problems.

1) Liposomes must be physically stable until the material is added.

2) On the one hand, when injecting the substance, the substance must be introduced while relying on bilayer destabilization (the term liposome is often used as the term vesicle, and is called glycerophospholipids or natural). Liposomes should be avoided when referring to lipid sacs. Sacs are self-contained and closed assemblies consisting of thousands of lipid molecules (amphilphiles.) That enclose an aqueous volume. Lipid bilayers are two-dimensional fluids consisting of hydrophilic head groups exposed to an aqueous solution and lipids with several hydrophobic tails configured to release water. The duplex structure is well arranged but dynamic due to the rapid lateral motion of the lipid in about one-half of each duplex.

References O`Brein.D.F. and Ramaswami. V. (1989) in Mark-Bikalas-Over-Menges Encyclopedia of polymer science and Engineering. Vol. 17. 2nd Ed.John Wiley Inc. p.108

Brief summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide coated particles that can contain a wide variety of materials such as materials that are adequately solubilized and sensitive to physical, chemical, or biological aging and the like.

It is an object of the present invention to provide coated particles suitable for injecting one or more materials disposed in a matrix in an inner core without resorting to destabilization of the matrix.

It is an object of the present invention to provide coated particles which insure the initiation or absorption of one or more substances into or in selected environments in response to one or more physical and chemical stimuli.

An object of the present invention is a material which can meet the particular physical, chemical and biological conditions claimed in the field which wishes to implement and utilize a wide variety of coated particle systems. Such conditions correspond to mechanical and thermal stability when the coated particles are applied in industrial applications. In addition, the application of a wide range of coated particles, such as in the field of agriculture, to provide a coated particle that is not affected by adverse environmental changes.

It is an object of the present invention to provide coated particles which, when necessary, allow porous material to be introduced or absorbed by pore control by means of a porous coating.

A further preferred object of the present invention is to provide a material which can be made in a simple process, rather, coated particles which may not require demanding physical and chemical conditions.

For the purposes described above and for other purposes, we have an inner core containing the matrix and coating the outside of the particles. The matrix consists essentially of at least one nanostructured liquid phase or at least one liquid nanocrystalline liquid crystalline phase. Or an outer coated particle containing a nonlamellar crystalline material and a mixture of the above two cases.

Specifically mentioned before, the coated particles can be made by the following method.

1. Allow at least one chemical species to occupy some portion of the volume matrix so that it can react with parts of other materials to form non-thin crystalline materials.

2. Contact the volume matrix with the following fluid. The fluid is under conditions that allow at least one species to occupy some portion and form a non-thin crystalline material therein.

Thus, the first part and the second part react with each other. At the same time it is subdivided into energy and volumetric particles. Instead of the above method, the coated particles can be made by the following method.

1. The material is added to a solution in the matrix tube to form a non-thin crystalline material, making it insoluble.

2. While preventing the above-mentioned substances from dissolving in the matrix, the volume is subdivided into particles using the correlation between energy and volume.

Alternatively, the above two methods can be used in combination.

FIG. 1 is a photograph showing particles coated with an outer core having an inner core containing a 2 × 2 × 2 unit cell matrix on a vertical axis.

2 is a photograph showing the coated particles of the present invention.

3 is a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope (sem) of the coated particles of the present invention.

4 is a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope of another coated particle of the present invention.

5 is a graph showing cumulative particle size distribution by measuring a volume in consideration of weight.

The coating of the present invention was measured and is a graph of particle diameter 對 cumulative particle size in consideration of weight.

6 is a graph of X-ray diffraction intensity 강도 wavelength vector q incident on the coating particles of the present invention at small angles.

7 is a graph of a table or elution time in units of detection coefficients measured by adjusting the high pressure liquid chromatography.

8 is a graph of elution time in which particles of the present invention are expressed in units of detection coefficient versus minutes measured by adjusting a high pressure liquid chromatography.

As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2 the coating particles of the present invention has an inner core 10 and a coating 20 coated with the inner core from the outside. (Hereafter referred to as "outer coating 20"). The inner core 10 contains a matrix mainly containing nanodimensional materials selected from the group consisting of:

a. At least one nanodimensional liquid phase.

b. At least one nanodimensional liquid crystal phase.

c. Iii) at least one nanodimensional liquid phase liquid.

Ii) at least one nanodimensional structured liquid crystal phase

Both liquid and liquid crystalline materials may have a solvent (lyotropic) or both may not have a solvent (thermotropic). Outer coating 20 contains a non-thin film crystalline material. The term "outer coating 20" herein means the outer coating of the inner core coating 10, and also refers to the outermost coating of the coating particle 1 is not particularly limited.

Nanodimensional liquid phase and nanodimensional crystal phase liquid have unique characteristics. That is to say, not only is the phase necessary for easy fabrication of the present invention, but also the properties mentioned now, such as highly claimed solubility, safety, and many other excellent properties present in the final coated particles of the present invention.

With regard to outer coating 20, non-thin film crystal structures, with either or both of the bonding and packing hardness that exist in three-dimensional space (volume), are highly preferred in the present invention and thin film (layered) materials. This is due to the physical and chemical instability of the well known thin film crystal structure. For example, (a) droplets are coated on the thin film liquid crystal layer, making the emulsification (even smoothly proceeding) unstable. (b) Chemical instability exists when removing additive molecules from thin film Warner composites. (c) It has significantly inferior hardness and shear stress compared to graphite-based materials such as diamond.

The coated particle 1 has an average outer radius of about 0.1 micron to about 30 microns. And from 0.2 microns to 5 microns are preferred. Coating particle 1 has an external stabilization layer. That is, outside of the outer coating 20, if necessary, a material such as a polyelectrolyte or a surfactant monolayer can be used to prevent the agglomeration of the coating particle 1.

The coated particle 1 can be used in various forms. Coating particle 1 may absorb one or more materials in the selected environment during the extraction of outer coating 20 and may extract one or more materials, such as activators, disposed in the matrix into the selected environment. Alternatively, any external coating with porosity, such as inclusion compounds and zeolites, does not require an extraction process to achieve the effect of absorbing or extracting the desired material into or out of the matrix. And in such cases outside, very high separability can be obtained using the properties of the holes properly adjusted. If the particles are used to absorb any compound or desired compound, no extraction process of porous and outer coating 20 is necessary. However, porosity causes the absorbed material to diffuse into the matrix, significantly increasing the absorbency. The porosity then creates absorption sites for the outer coating 20 to absorb the new material. In other words, additional substances, such as active agents, may be placed in the matrix to be extracted into the chosen environment.

Matrix is

a. Thermodynamic stability

b. Nano Dimensional Structure

c. Conditions such as a liquid phase or a liquid crystal phase or a mixture of the two are required.

Nanodimensional Structures: The terms "nanodimensional structure" and "nanostructured" are used herein to describe volumes having dimensions of nanometers and 10 nanometers.

In general, materials that are about the same size as domains, 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers in size, layers, and filaments, are treated as nanodimensional structures (Ref. Dagani, This is to be distinguished from the term “Nanodimensional Structural Material Protocol for Advanced Range of Technologies” 1992, 11, 23 characters C ceramic glasses). Ceramic glass is a crystalline material and its crystal size is so small that it has a wide angle. The peaks that result from the incident x-ray diffraction experiments cannot be observed, and some physicists refer to nanodimensional structural materials as nanodimensional liquid phases and nanodimensional liquid crystal phases, which fit well with the nanometer-sized regions defined here. This is quite different from several neighboring zones with large deviations of chemical mixtures with some local zones, and essentially the same local zones and different grid arrangements. Negative zones are also not referred to as nanodimensional structures, so the term "zone" as used herein refers to the spatial zone of a particular chemical composition and is clearly distinguished from neighboring zones, often such zones being hydrophilic (or hydrophobic). In contrast to the hydrophobicity (or hydrophilicity) of the neighboring zones, in the present invention the size of the zone falls in the nanometer range (the term "microdomain" refers to a zone in which the size ranges from micrometers to nanometers). Often used to refer to.)

The nanodimensional liquid phase and the nanodimensional liquid crystal phase correspond to the matrix in the inner core 10 of the coating particle 1 in the present invention. These two statues have unique characteristics. Not only is it a decisive factor in making the particles of the present invention, it also has properties such as solubility, stability as high as desired and the final coated particles have other excellent properties. The particle making process is discussed in more detail below. In the process described here, the material must have a low solubility in water in order to disperse immediately (otherwise it may dissolve during the dispersing process, thus lowering the dispersibility). It is intended to dissolve the reactants which are soluble in water, which is used in the dispersion, and to dissolve many kinds of active compounds.

In particular, in order to solubilize amphiphilic compounds that are hydrophilic (particularly polar) and to maintain solubilization, as well as to maintain the activity of compounds that are sensitive to biological origin, such as appropriate structures and proteins, the internal matrix It should have a fairly high concentration of water or other polar solvents. There are a variety of coating materials to choose from, so many (possibly almost) compounds are useful for coating. The present invention requires a reaction material that only melts in polar solvents. Moreover, the organic solvents used for solubilization are in most cases incompatible with biological compounds such as proteins. And in some cases, they neglect normative issues, environmental issues, and effects on the human body. The two claims terms of dissolving water soluble properties and water soluble compounds are of course contrary to each other. It is difficult to solve this claim condition with a single material, cheap, safe material.

The most effective system that meets the above solubilization conditions is the lipid-water system. In this system, there are aqueous microzones with very large amounts of water, while at the same time hydrophobic microzones are quite close to each other. There is an aqueous zone to overcome settling. Therefore, the water structure breaks when a large amount of co-soluble solute is added in the facing system. For example, it is similar to the phenomenon that occurs in concentrated aqueous polymerization solutions. At the same time, the hydrophobic zone is in close proximity to effectively dissolve the amphiphilic compound (and hydrophobic compounds as well).

The nanodimensional liquid phase and the nanodimensional liquid crystal phase are artificial or semi-artificial materials, both of which have solubilizing properties. It also has clear and reliable properties, easy to fabricate, and inexpensive matrix.

a) It is versatile in the chemical system for forming nanodimensional liquid phase and nanodimensional liquid crystal phase. In other words, it has excellent properties over many parts, such as biological lipids and durable fluorescent surfactants ideal for biomolecules, glycolipids surrounding bacteria, and surfactants having ion groups and reactors. For this reason, it can be applied to a wide range of conditions and purposes.

b) excellent ability in nanodimensional liquid phase and nanodimensional liquid crystal phase

Iii) Solubilizes a wide variety of active compounds, including many traditionally insoluble substances, such as paclitaxel and biopharamaceuticals. Overcoming the claims of toxicity and even more controlled organic solvents dissolve several types of active compounds. Overcoming the claims of toxicity and even more controlled organic solvents, it is possible to obtain ii) highly concentrated activities with significantly stable stability. And iii) create a biochemical environment that preserves its structure and properties.

c) Pure thermodynamic stability gives instability to other media. For example, precipitation of active agents, destruction of emulsification, dissolution of sacs and the like.

d) A space with a preselectable pore size in the nanometer range allows for easier extraction control after the extraction of the coating has started. In particular, the addition of proteins and biomacromolecular can make it easier. The useful properties of the nanodimensional material of the inner core 10 can come from a number of concepts related to the material. With respect to the surfactant, it may be described by the terms “polar”, “nonpolar”, “amphiphilic compound”, “surfactant”, polar-nonpolar ”and similarly refers to block copolymer systems in various terms. It can be described: The terms are explained below.

Polarity: Polar compounds (such as water) and polar materials (such as moiety-ionized surfactants or charged hair groups on lipids) are hydrophilic.

Hydrophilic: "Polar" and "hydrophilic" have a particularly similar meaning in the present invention.

With regard to solvents, water does not mean only polar solvents.

Other important points of the present invention are glycerol, ethylene, formamide, N-methylformamide, dimethylformamide, ethylamonium nitrate , Polyethylene glycol. Some of these (polyethylem glycol) are substantially polymers.

So you know the range of possibilities. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) with sufficiently low molecular mass is a liquid. And although PEG has not been studied in depth as a polar solvent mixed with a surfactant, it is known that when PEG is mixed with a surfactant, it forms a nanodimensional liquid crystal phase. For example, the BRII-type is a nonionic surfactant and the PEG head group is ether-linked with an alkane chain. Regarding more generally hydrophilic and amphiphilic molecules of the polar groups (including, but not limited to, polar solvents and surfactants), many polar groups are set forth below. It relates to whether or not the polar group acts as a surfactant.

Nonpolar: Nonpolar (or hydrophobic, or lipophilic) compounds are referred to as including paraffinic, hydrocarbon, and alkane chains of surfactants, as well as other groups such as: Hydrophobic groups have a broken ring structure of the choline acid (cholic acid) found in bile salt surfactants. Phenyl groups form a portion of the nonpolar groups of tri-type surfactants, polymer chains ranging from oligomers, polyethylene (long alkanes) to hydrophobic polymers, and are studied. Included herein are classes such as hydrophobic polypeptide chains of noble peptide base surfactants. Some nonpolar groups and compounds are shown below.

The useful components inside the nanodimensional structure are shown.

Amphiphilic: Amphiphilic can be defined as a compound comprising a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group.

References D. H Everett Pure and Applied Chemistry. vol.31 no. 6, p. 611, 1972. It should be noted that not all amphiphiles can be used as surfactants. For example, butanol is amphiphilic. This is because the butyl group is lipophilic and the hydroxyl group is hydrophilic. However, it is not a surfactant because it does not satisfy the definition given below.

There are a great many amphiphilic molecules with high polarity and measurable functional groups that are measurable. However, there are no embodiments of surfactants. Reference: R. Laughlin, Advances in liquid crystal. vol 3

Surfactants: Surfactants are amphiphilic and have two additive properties.

First, amphiphilic has significantly changed the aqueous interfacial physics (oil-water, solid-water interface as well as air-water) at lower concentrations compared to nonsurfactants.

Secondly, the surfactant molecules reversibly associate with one another (and with many other molecules) and proceed very excessively to form a thermodynamically stable, macroscopically single solution of a single phase, mixture or micelles. Colloidal particles typically have a very large number of surfactant particles (tens dozens to thousands) and colloidal volumes (colloidal dimensions).

References R. Laughlin, advances in Liquid crystal. vol. 3, p. 41, 1987. Lipids and especially polar lipids are often considered to be surfactants for purposes of discussion here. Although the term "geological" is usually used to indicate that: Lipids belong to a subclass of surfactants with slightly different properties than compounds commonly referred to as surfactants in the everyday discussion. Often, though not always, lipids have two properties. First, lipids are often related to biological origin. Second, lipids tend to dissolve better in oils and fats than in water. In fact, many compounds called lipids have extremely low solubility in water. Thus, hydrophobic solvents may be needed to ensure the interfacial tension reducing properties and the reversible self-association reactions very reliably. This is true for lipids that are actually surfactants. Thus, for example, such compounds significantly reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water at low concentrations. Even low solubility in water reduces surface tension in aqueous systems where such seldom happens. Similarly, the addition of a hydrophobic solvent to the lipid-water system results in a very simple self conjugation into the nanodimensional liquid phase and the nanodimensional liquid crystalline phase. On the other hand, intractable factors arising from high temperature processes can cause this problem in lipid-water systems.

In fact, the following studies have been conducted on nanodimensional liquid crystal structures. The old notion that lipids and surfactants are fundamentally different is of interest. And the two theories (lipids derive from the biological side and interfaces from the more industrial side) coincide with the same nanodimensional structure found in lipids for all surfactants. Incidentally, certain artificial surfactants, i.e., substances that are fully artificial and of no biological origin, such as dihexadecyldimethlammonium bromide, are similar to "lipid" in hydrophobic solvents necessary to ensure their surfactant activity. Mode was shown.

On the other hand, some lipids, such as lysolipids, have a clear biological origin and, to some extent, exhibit a phase aspect like a typical water soluble surfactant. As a result, it became clear that single-tailed and double-tailed compounds must be distinguished more meaningfully in order to compare and examine the properties of self-bonding and surfactant tension reduction. Here single tail generally means water soluble and double tail means fat soluble.

Therefore, some amphiphiles in this article reduce the interfacial tension between water and hydrophobic materials at low concentrations. Here, the hydrophobic material is air or oil. The amphiphilic material then undergoes reversible self-association in water or oil as a surfactant or in a mixed solution with nanodimensional cross-linked materials, inverted cross-linked materials, or bicontinuous mo-rphologies. The classification of lipids consists of several subclasses of surfactants of biological origin.

Polar-Nonpolar Surfactant: A dividing point is seen in the surfactant molecule that splits the polar portion of the molecule non-polarly. (In some cases, there are two split points. If the polar groups are at both ends, there are two or more split points. In type A lipids there are seven acyl chains with seven split points per molecule.) In nanodimensional liquid crystalline or nanodimensional liquid crystalline, the surfactant forms monolayer or bilayer films. The location of the splitting point of the molecules in such a membrane represents a surface that divides the polar zone in the nonpolar zone. Such surfaces are referred to as "polar-nonpolar interfaces" or "polar-nonpolar split surfaces". For example, in the case of spherical bite materials, this surface is approximated with respect to the spheres inside the outer surface of the bite material. The ideal substance has a polar group of the surface active molecule outside the surface, and has a nonpolar chain inside the surface. The microscopic interface and the macroscopic interface should not be confused. These two bulk phases can be visually distinguished.

Redundant continuity: In a redundant continuity structure, the geometry is distinctly divided into two, multiply connected and intermixed subspaces. It is continuous in all three-dimensional space (volume or volume). So, in any direction, you can cross the enyire span of space. It is even possible to choose a path anywhere in the two subspaces. In a redundant continuity structure, each subspace contains a large amount of one substance and moiety. Thus, the two subspaces are filled with those two substances or parts over all three dimensional spaces. Sponges, sandstones, apples and many sinters are examples of relatively persistent materials, although they have disordered overlapping structures in the material world. In these particular examples, the other subspace is filled with fluid. Some lyotropic liquid crystal states are also examples.

A subspace filled with amphiphilic molecules is placed and mixed in a geometrically aligned paperlike arrangement. And the other subspace is filled with solvent molecules. The related liquid crystal state, with two opposite solvent molecules, magnifies the following possibilities. One subspace contains a large amount of the first solvent, and the other subspace contains another solvent. The surface lies between two subspaces within a rich stratum that is multiplexed in an array of surfactant molecules. Some equilibrium microemulsion phases contain significant amounts of hydrocarbons and water as well as amphiphilic surfactants, and can form chaotic redundant continuity structures that maintain a permanent state of disorder that fluctuates due to thermal motion. Equilibrium crossover emphasizing does not indicate evidence of geometric arrangements, but conclusive evidence of multiple continuity. Duplicate continuous form materials also appear in certain phase-segregated block copolymers. References Anderson. D. M. Davis. H. T. Nitsche. J. C. C. and Scriven. L. E. (1990) Advances in Chemical physics. 77: 337.

Chemical criteria: For surfactants, many standards have been tabulated and discussed by Robert Laughlin, detailing whether a given polar group acts as a surfactant tail group. Here, the definition of surfactants includes the fact that nanodimensional structures are formed at significantly lower concentrations and in water. R. Laughi-n. Advances in Liquid Crystals. 3:41, 1987.

The substances listed below are published by Lorin, and some polar groups do not act as surfactant tail groups. Thus, for example, it is difficult to expect that an alkane chain linked to this polar group will form a nanodimensional liquid crystal phase or a nanodimensional liquid crystal phase. Polar group substance: aldehyde, keton, carboxylic ester, carboxylic acid, isocyanate, amide, acyl cyanoguanidine, Acyl cyanoguanidine, acyl guanylurea, acyl biuret, N, N dimethylamid, nitrosoalkane, nitroalkane , Nitrate ester, nitrite ester, nitron, nitronmin, nitrosamin, pyridine N-oxide nitrile, isonitrile, amibo Phosphorus (amine borane), amine haloborane, sulfone, phosphine sulfide, asine sulfide, spunornamide, sulfonamide methylimine ), Alcohol (alchol), s Esters (mono-functional), secondary amines, tertiary amines, mercaptans, thioethers, primary phosphines, secondary phosphines secondary phosphine, tertiary phosphine, tertiary phosphine.

Some polar groups act as surfactants. For example, there are materials such as polar group linked alkane chains. The polar group forms a nanodimensional liquid phase and a nanodimensional liquid phase and a nanodimensional liquid crystal phase.

Polar group materials are as follows.

a) Anionics: carbosylate (soap-carboxylate), sulfate, sulfonate, thiosulfate, sulfitete, phosphate, phosphonate ), Phosphinate, nitroamide, trismetide-alkysulfornate, xanthate

b) cationics: ammonium, pyridium, phosphonium, sulfonium, sulfoxonium,

c) Zwitterionics: ammonio acetate, phosphoniopropane sulfonate, pyridinioethy sulfate

d) Semipolar system: amine oxide, phosphoryl, phosphine oxide, asine oxide, sulfoxide, sulfoxide, sulfoximine, sulfoximine , Ammonio amidate

Lorin also announced: In general, if the enthalpy for forming a 1: 1 associating complex of polar groups with phenols (hydrogen bond donors) is less than 5 kcal, the polar groups do not act as surfactant tails.

More specifically about polar tail groups, surfactants require nonpolar groups, followed by limitations for effective nonpolar groups. In terms of the most common alkanes, when n represents the number of carbons, n should be at least about 6 in order to represent the surface-association mode.

However, at least 8 or 10 is needed in normal cases. In the case of octylamine, n is 8, and the polar amine head group exhibiting sufficient effect as the tail group shows not only the non-nanostructure L2 phase but also a thin film phase with water at circulation temperature.

References: Warnheim. T .Bergentahl. B.Henriksson. U .Malmvik. A-C, & Nilsson. Hydrocarbons with P. (1987) J. of colloide and interface Sci. 118: 233. Basically require the same claim conditions at low n terminals. ; For example, sodium 2-ethylcoresil sulphate (sodium 2 -ethylsalfare) exhibits a liquid crystal phase over its entire range. Winsor, P. Ac (1968), early Chem, Rev. 68: 1, however, both the nonlinear hydro carbon and the branched hydro carbon have a large difference in terms of high n. In the linear, saturated alkane chain, the crystallization tendency is as follows. When n is greater than about 18, the kraft temperature rises and the temperature range of the nanodimensional liquid phase and the nanodimensional liquid crystal phase shifts to the higher side, which is about 100 ° C or higher. ;

In the case of the present invention, in most applications this phenomenon makes the surfactant significantly less useful than having n between 8 and 18.

By introducing unsaturated branches into the chain, the range of m can be greatly increased. Unsaturation is a case of lipids derived from fish oil. There the chain having 22 carbons can have an extremely low melting point. There are six double bonds due to the presence, as in the case of doxahexadiemoic acid and its extracts, and substances such as monoglycerides and nonaqueous water belong to it. In addition, polybutadin with very high MW is an elastomer at cycling temperatures. And block copolymers having polybutadiene blocks are well known to make nanodimensional liquid crystals. Similarly, the introduction of eggplants can produce hydropolymers such as PPO-polgproplyneoxide and act like hydrophobic blocks in many amphiphilic block copolymer surfactants, which are very important, such as the PLURONIC family of surfactants. Substitution of fluorine with hydrogen generally reduces the minimum claim value of m in surfactants, especially when using perfluorinated chains. Illustrated as lithium perfluourourooctanoat. N = 8, it exhibits a full range of liquid crystal phases, and the surfactant system includes a fairly rare medium phase. In some other discussions, hydrophobic polar groups, such as broken-rings of cholate soap-choline salts, act as effective nonpolar groups. In such cases it is generally treated separately. And it depends on whether the particular hydrophobic group represents the surfactant embodiment.

In the case of a single component block copolymer, when the nanodimensional liquid phase and the nanodimensional liquid crystal phase appear, the relatively simple mean field statistical law can predict the timing. And this method is very common for many kinds of block copolymers. If x is the Flory-Hoggins intercoefficient of polymer blocks A and B, and N is the total index of block copolymerization (without departing from the definition of cross-coefficient, defined as a statistical unit or monomer unit in the polymer chain), then XN is greater than 10.5. It is expected that large-scale nanodimensional liquid phase and nanodimensional liquid crystal phase are produced. L (1980), Macro molecules 13: 1602, Considering the case where the limit is greater than 10.5 for comparing the values, an array of nanodimensional (liquid crystal) phases can be produced, and in fact duplicated continuous cubic phases can be created.

Hajduk.D.A.Haper. P.E Grune.S.M. Honeker.C.C.kim.G.Thomas. E.L and Fetters.L.J (1994) Macromolecales 27: 4063

Nanodimensional liquid materials suitable for making matrices into nanodimensional structural materials

a. Nanodimensional L1 phase material.

b. Nanodimensional L2 Phase Material.

c. Nanodimensional structured emulsification.

d. Nanodimensional structure L3 phase material.

The nanodimensional liquid phase is characterized by a zoned structure. It consists of at least type 1 and type 2 (in some cases type 3 or above) spaces, each of which has the following characteristics:

a) The chemical moieties in the type 1 zone do not match the chemical parts in the type 2 zone (and, in general, a pair of different zone types do not harmonize with each other).

So under given conditions the zones remain unmixed and separate (for example, type 1 zones can consist essentially of polar parts such as water and lipid heads, or type 1 zones can contain large amounts of polyesterin) In contrast, Type 2 zones contain large amounts of polyisoprene.

And the Type 3 zone may contain large amounts of polyvinylpyrrolidone.

b) The atomic arrangement in each zone is more liquid than solid. That is, the lattice arrangement of atoms is insufficient.

(This is evidenced by the lack of sharp Bragg peak reflection of wide-angle X-ray diffraction.)

c) The minimum size of all practical zones (ie thickness in the case of layers, diameters in the cylindrical and spherical zones) is in the nanometer range. (Usually 1nm to 100nm)

d) Creation of zones is a long range array, but does not form any periodic result. This is evidenced by the lack of sharp Brake reflections in the small angle X-ray scattering experiments on the phase (in addition to the lack of high viscosity and birefrigence, as seen below), Solid proof that it is the opposite liquid)

For each liquid phase, a surfactant based scheme is first discussed when the two types of regions in the nanodimensional liquid phase are "polar" and "nonpolar". In these systems the terms "polar" and "non-polar" may or may not apply. However, there are zone types "A" and "B", and zones "A" and "B" do not mix with each other (as defined in the nanodimensional liquid phase) as defined above.

L1 phase: The bend of the polar-nonpolar interface in the L1 phase, which occurs in a surfactant based system, is directed to the nonpolar (nonpolar) region and generally becomes a particle (usually an alternating particle) present in the water-continuous medium (where "water" Is considered to be a polar solvent) When the alternating particles change from spherical to cylindrical due to changing conditions and components, the alternating particles begin to break from each other and become a continuum.

Incidentally speaking about the continuity of water, the hydrophobic zones can be connected to form a sample network. This still holds the L1 phase. Incidentally, there is an example on L1 showing evidence of no bit structure. That is, there is no bite, a well-defined zone. Only surface-active molecular co-mixes are present in a non-shape, single-phase liquid solution that is not a nanodimensional material. This "shape-free solution" often changes into nanodimensional structures simply by changing the components without any phase change between the different phases. In other words, thermodynamic factors do not differentiate the phase boundary between a solution and a nanodimensional structure. Of course, in contrast to the transitions between phases with long range arrays (liquid crystals or crystals) and phases lacking long range arrays (liquids). Here, the upper boundary is caused by thermodynamic factors.

For L1 occurring in a system based on block copolymerization, the terms "polar" and "nonpolar" do not apply. However, in some cases (or in more cases) there are two zone types; We can make a rule that the curvature of the A / B interface goes to area A. A typical nanodimensional structure would then consist of spherical particles, often in the form of a zone A, localized in the continuum of zone B. For example, in polystyrene, polysoprene double block copolymers, the volume of polystyrene blocks is very low, such as around 10%, the normal cross-linked structure will be a polystyrene-rich sphere in a continuous polysophorene matrix. . Conversely, if the polystyrene continuous matrix contains a large amount of polyisoprene, it will be suitable for a 10% polystyrene PS-PL double block.

Since the substance of the nanodimensional structure L1 phase, the L1 phase is a liquid phase, a technique for distinguishing the nanodimensional structure L1 phase from a liquid solution without a structure has been developed. When referring to the experimental probes discussed below, there is a well-known knowledge that provides the relevant standard by determining the order in which a given system should predict whether nanosystems form phases instead of simple solutions.

Because of the formation of nanodimensional liquid phases and nanodimensional correction phases that determine whether a given compound is in fact a surfactant, a standard that provides many ways to test surfactant activity is described by Robert Lorin in 'Advanies in liquid crystal, 3: 41, 1978 ". First, Lorin outlined the chemical standards that determine the order in which a given compound is a surfactant, and this is discussed in detail above, if it is expected that the compound is a pure surfactant. Incidentally, the compound is expected to form a nanodimensional structure in water Incidentally, when there are compounds in which water and hydrophobic material are present, it is expected that the nanodimensional structure is also formed, usually at least in part of the current hydrophobic material Even win.

Non-surfactant amphiphiles are added to such systems, especially when amphiphilic generating solvents such as alcohols, dioxanes, tetrihydropurines, dimethylformamide, ecetonitrol, dimethylsulfoxide, etc., are added, Productless liquids generally form unstructured liquids, such as grinding the colloidal mixture and dissolving all components.

Lorin also continues to discuss many standards based on physics observations. One well-known standard is the standard bite concentration (CMC) observed in surface tension measurements. If the surface tension of the aqueous solution of the compound in question is plotted as a function of concentration, it can be seen that the surface tension drops sharply if the compound added at a very low concentration is the actual surfactant. Then at a special concentration known as CMC, sharp bending can be seen in this figure. At this time, the slope of the straight line is drastically reduced to the right side of the CMC, which is significantly reduced by the influence of the surface activity to which the surface tension is added. The reason for the addition of surfactants to the CMC above is entirely related to the formation of cross-linked particles rather than the air and water interfaces.

The second standard presented by Lorin is the liquid crystal standard. If the compound forms a liquid crystal at high concentration, the material is a surfactant and forms a liquid crystal phase at a lower concentration than such a phenomenon occurs. In particular, the L1 phase is always found at lower surfactant concentrations than forming normal hexagonal material. Or in some cases ordinary non-redundant continuous cubes, phase liquid crystals are found.

Lauren discusses another standard based on the temperature difference between the upper limit of the Krafft boundary and the melting point of the anhydrous compound.

The krafft boundary is a curve at the top of the binary system with the compound and water.

There is a crystal below the krafft line, and there is a molten texture above the krafft line.

So the solubility rapidly increases over a very narrow temperature range along the krafft line. For pure surfactants this difference is important. For example, the melting point of anhydrous compounds in Sodium Palmitate is 288 ° C, while the Krafft line flattens at 69 ° C. Thus, the temperature difference is 219 ° C. Lorin discussed the case of dodecylamin. It has a temperature difference of 14 ° C and has a small area in the image corresponding to the liquid crystal. And the moderate degree of the compound colloid is shown. In contrast, both dodecylmethylamine and dodecanol do not show an associative form of surfactant type, and both have a temperature difference of "0".

As in the case of liquid crystals, and as discussed here, there are many experimental observations on a given material to distinguish it. In this case the liquid is a nanodimensional structure and will be discussed in the relevant section of the L1 phase.

Such materials all have the proper deformation when melted into nanodimensional liquids. It is best to combine these many properties, which is plausible in classifying substances.

Considering all liquid phases, the L1 phase is an optically isotropic material with no flow.

For this reason, it does not separate into H NMR (H magnetic resonance device) to which deuterated surfactant is applied.

In addition, in experiments with single-layer optical filters, the L1 phase of the surfactant system generally does not exhibit biprincipal even under suitable flow conditions. In the case of the block copolymer based system, the situation with respect to bilinthesis is complicated by the possibility of modified bilinthosis. So, in the above case this method is unbelievable.

Looking back at the L1 phase based on the surfactant, the viscosity is generally quite low. Significantly lower than any liquid crystal in the system.

Using pulse-tilt NMR to measure the effective self-diffusion coefficient of the various components, the self-diffusion of the surfactant and the diffusion of any added hydrophobic material are very low, typically on the order of 10 ^-13 m ² / sec or less. You can see that. (If the phases are not redundant, see below.) This is because the one-dimensional principle implies the diffusion of the surfactant and the hydrophobic material is caused by the diffusion of the fully stirred material and is very slow. In addition, the diffusion rate of the surfactant and the diffusion rate of the hydrophobic material should be about the same.

Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) shows no sharp Bragg peaks in the nanometer range (which cannot be in any range). However, according to the research paper, long range of nanodimensional structure can be measured by full curve analysis in various ways. By analyzing the drop in strength at low frequencies (but not so low as to be comparable to the inverse of the molecular length of the surfactant), we can determine the obvious radius of the turn: we can plot the strength versus the number of waves We can get the slope that leads to Rg (aka Guinier degree). The radius of the Sony assembly is related to the size of the unit of bite particles by a well-known standard formula. The size is about nanometers. Incidentally, by plotting the intensity multiplied by the square of the wave number versus the wave number (aka Hosemann degree), we can see the peaks related to the size of the alternating particles. This has the advantage of being less sensitive to the interaction between the bite particles rather than the turning radius.

For redundant continuity crab active basal L1 phases, the above changes: First, viscosity can increase significantly when overlapping continuity occurs. And increases with the strength of the continuous surfactant film. In addition, the self-diffusion of the surfactant, even the added hydrophobic material (which is added to the binary system with careful consideration from the manufacturer's point of view) can increase rapidly and reach or even exceed that value on thin films of the same system. And during the SAXS analysis, we will determine the radius of the turn and the size of the hosemann or nanometer range. These facts should be interpreted as characteristic length ranges of overlapping continuity zone structures. It should not be interpreted as discrete particle size (in some models, such as the interconnected cylindrical model of the author's paper or the Talmon-Prager motel, the overlapping continuity structure appears to be composed of units, although apparently It appears to be a particle, but in reality it is only a volumetric block for constructing redundant continuity geometric models)

SAXS analysis, such as ??, is performed on the L1 phase of the block copolymer base system. In contrast, NMR band shapes and self-diffusion measurements are not usually performed, nor are surface tension measurements. However, evaporation transfer measurements have been used in the past at NMR magnetic diffusion sites. In particular, if one can find preferentially dissolving gas in one zone type, and not in another zone (s), the continuity of those zones can be tested by measuring the transfer of the gas through the sample. If this is possible, the transfer through the continuous zone (form B) on the alternating particles should be slightly slower than in the pure B polymer. On the other hand, the gas transmission for the gas confined to Zone A should be very slow.

The shear modulus on the block copolymer based cross-linked particles is mainly determined by the continuous zone we say and the polymerized block coefficient that forms B in the polymerization.

Thus, in the PS-PI double block, for example, 10% PS, the PS occlusion particles are formed in a continuous PI matrix. Shear modulus is weighted to that of pure polyisoprene. And, only slightly increased due to the presence of PS occlusion particles, PI occlusion particles and resilient PI occlusion particles in a continuous PS matrix with 90% PS in the case of the inverse of interest provide a pure, vitreous It is possible to improve the fracture characteristics related to the absorbent component of phosphorus polystyrene.

L2 phase: The L2 phase is the same as L1 except that the polar region acts and the polar region is reversed. The curvature of the polar-nonpolar interface is directed to the polar zone. The interior of the bite particles (if present) may be water, both the other polar moiety or either. And the polar regions (alkane chains of typical lipids) form a continuous matrix. In contrast, the above phenomenon occurs even though the polar region may also be connected to form an overlapping L2 phase. As noted above, the anomaly may take the form of a nanodimensional structure or no structure.

Entity of L2 on nanodimensional structure: The guidelines for making an entity on L2 on nanodimensional structure have the following changes and are the same as on L1. We only need to discuss the surfactant based L2 phase.

In the block copolymerization framework, the two types of cross-linked particles (A in B and A in A are equivalent), and we discussed the reality of the stirred phase in the block copolymerization system.

First, the L2 phase is generally more pronounced when the HLB is low. For example, they have an ethoxylate alcohol surfactant with a small number of ethyl oxide groups, or have a double chain surfactant. According to an aspect of the phase, the L2 phase generally occurs at higher surfactant concentrations than the inverted liquid crystal phase. A very common localization is to alert the hexagonal phase where the L2 phase is inverted at high surfactant concentrations. For the L2 phase which is not redundant continuity, the water magnetic diffusion is very low. And the diffusion coefficient (pulse-tilt NMR, for example) is sized at a dimension of 10 ⁻¹¹ m ² / sev or lower. The Horsemann plot also shows the size of the inverted bite particles. This will essentially be the water zone size.

Alternating emulsion: Alternating emulsion is defined as thermodynamically stable, low latent, optically isotropic, oil (non-polar liquid) and surfactant.

References: Danielsson.I.and. Lindman, B (1981) Collids and surface, 3: 391, Thermodynamically stable liquid matrices of surfactants, water and oils are always called microemulsions, while having macroscopic homogeneity while they are microscopic in length (10 to 1000 Angstorm). ) Is separated by a film rich in surfactant into the microzones of aqueous and oil. References skvrtveit.R. and Olsson. U. (1991) Phys. Chem 95: 5353.

The key to defining the characteristics of micro emulsification is the addition to water and surfactants. Based on the fact that it has "oil" (nonpolar or liquid). It is always microstructured by definition.

In general, oil and water tend to phase separate, resulting in poor solubility in the formation of co-soluble oils and water (ethanol, THF, dioxin, DMF acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, and some substances surfactants It should be noted that the microemulsification can also be in the L1 or L2 phase, especially when a well defined cross-linking particle is included.

But in the L1 phase, the bite is essentially soluble in oil. Microemulsification is a nanodimensional liquid phase. If oil is water, the water and surfactant have a characteristic zone size larger than nanometers. That is, in the micron range it is no longer a micro oil painting, but a "mini oil painting" or a plain oil painting. The two results are not equivalent. Although the L1 and L2 phases contain oil and may even be redundant continuity, the term microemulsification was introduced. This is because the fact that the three-component oil-water-surfactant / lipid system develops continuously from oil-continuity to redundancy, oil-continuity without phase boundaries. In this case, attempts to establish a split point between L1 and L2 in the top area are meaningless. Instead, in the high water content of the area, the structure should be recognized as the structure of the oil-soluble phase of L1 and the whole area should be referred to as "microemulsification". It should also be recognized that the structure of L2 in the high water content of the region.

(By the diagram, there is an overlap between the microemulsification and L1 and L2. However, there is no between the L1 and L2 phases.) As discussed below, the microstructure of the microemulsion is oil-rich in water-rich areas. It can be generally described by a monolayer film of surfactants, divided into zones.

Surfactant and lipid rich partitioning films must be enclosed to form cross-links or linked into a mesh structure to form redundant continuous microemulsions.

It should be pointed out that emulsification is not a nanodimensional liquid. So when that term is used here. First, the characteristic length range of the emulsification is the average size of the droplets of the emulsification and is generally much larger than the characteristic range in the nanodimensional liquid. And instead of nanometers it goes into the micro range. On the other hand, recent efforts to produce emulsifications with smaller droplet sizes than micros have resulted in smaller droplet emulsification and the term "mini emulsification."

The nanodimensional liquid phase applied here is a major difference that is difficult to recognize emulsification and miniemulsion from the real. The nanodimensional liquid phase described here exists in thermodynamic equivalence. Not only is it an equivalent phase, but in contrast to a semi-stable oil painting. Moreover, well-fitted and fully equivalent nanodimensional liquids are transparent.

Oil painting, on the other hand, is generally opaque. The common metaphor is oil painting. For example, boss-wise, if you choose the Friberg model to know the structure of a common oil painting, and once it is recognized in the field, the vast difference in molecular size is dramatic.

According to the model, the emulsion droplets can be seen to be generally stabilized by the interfacial film. Microscopic experiments demonstrate that films of nanodimensional structural liquid normal materials are typically made.

So these oil paintings have a systematic structure in which the nanodimensional phase acts as a stable layer between the main volume blocks. And these blocks are droplets of oil painting and continuous media. The use of the term "nanodimensional structure" instead of "nanodimensional structure" is based on the more detailed and restrictive nature of the term "nanodimensional structure" and excludes other liquid phases falling into completely different systems such as emulsification. Use words.

Clearly, simple geometric considerations tell us the following: That is, the emulsification with water droplets on the order of micron size and the stabilized hilm, which may be the liquid crystal layer, are not as appropriate as the interior of the microparticles of the present invention, usually on the order of microns.

Crystallization of Nanodimensional Microemulsions. The methods and guidelines discussed above for determining nanodimensional structure L1 are also performed for the determination of nanodimensional microemulsions. It has a variety of variables, including:

For microemulsions that cannot be reliably depicted in the L1 and L2 phases as left to be treated here, note the following, although not for the most part: Many of these materials are redundant, and in a single liquid containing oil, water, and surfactants, the redundancy provides strong proof of phase from nanodimensional structures because emulsification and other common lipids are never redundant sequences. This thesis has been published on "the fact that the overlapping continuity structure appeared in microemulsion". Lindman, B, Shinoda. k, Olisson U, Anderson D. M ,, Karlstron, G. And Wennerrstorn, H, (1989), Colloids and Surface 38: 205, Time measurement method for revealing redundancy continuity uses pulsed, gradient NMR. Then separate both oil and water to determine the effective self-diffusion coefficient. In general, the method of measuring the self-diffusion method of the surfactant is the best. Although conductivity tends to create a problem that associates with the "jump" process, it can generally also be used to establish water continuity. Fluorescence quenching methods have also been used to determine continuity. References Scanchez-Rubio, M. santos-Vidals, LM Rushforth, D. S and Puig, I, E (1985) I. Phys, Chem, 89: 411, for each small neutron, X-ray scattering analysis Has been used to test, Auvrag, L, Cotten, R, Ober, R and Taupin, I (1984) J, Phys Chem 88: 4586. The Plot analysis of the SAXS curve has been credited to reducing the presence of interfaces, thus proving the existence of nanodimensional structures. References Martio, A, and Kaler, E, W (1990), J, Phys, Chem, 94: 1627 Extremely fast cooled refrigeration siphon electron microscopy has been used to study microemulsions and to study nanodimensional liquids. This is the result of decades of fixation methods. An important review has been provided that discusses the reliability of all methods and results. Talmon, Y, in K. L. Mitlal and P. Bothlrel (Eds) Vol, 6, Plenun Press, NewYork, 1986, p 1581

If the oil-water-surfactant liquid phase is certainly not in the L1 or L2 phase and shows no significant evidence of continuity of continuity, it is possible to analyze that the nanodimensional structure is certain and not trivial with one technique. In general, the measurements discussed herein can be applied in an attempt to theoretically explain techita within the category of nanodimensional structural models by methods such as SANS, SAXS, NMR magnetic dispersion, Cryo EM, and others.

L3 phase: The L2-phase region of the tops is sometimes continuous. Contrary to the normal appearance of the simple L2-phase region, it protrudes. This sometimes occurs in some L1 regions as described below. Proximity of these phases, especially with x-rays and neutron scattering, shows a radically different behavior on L2. On L2, the surfactant film generally forms a monolayer and oil (non-polar solvent) on one side and water (polar) on the other. Solvent). In contrast, in the "L3 phase", when so called, the surfactant has a redundant continuity, and in fact, has a cubic phase and shares different properties, two distinct aqueous meshes intermingled but separated into two layers. So the L3 phase is very close to the actual cubic phase. However, cubic long range arrays are lacking. L3 with stem at L2 and L3 with stem at L1 have different names. "L3 phase" is used for those associated with L2, and "L3 phase" is used for those associated with L1.

Crystallization of the nanodimensional L3 phase: The crystallization of the L3 phase, which distinguishes it from the other liquid phases discussed here, can be a very complex problem, and claims a combination of several analytical methods. The most important of the techniques is now discussed.

Despite being well compliant to optical isotropy and being liquid, the L3 phase can have interesting properties that indicate flow bipolarism. Often the L3 phase associates with very high viscosity.

Viscosity can be significantly higher than what is observed on L1 and L2, and higher or comparable on thin films. This property is, of course, the result of continuous multilayer films. Thus, significant deterrent influences the topology and geometrical arrangement of the nanodimensional structure.

Shear stress causes combinatorial deformation (and arrangement) in many parts of the multilayer film.

In contrast, the eccentric L1 phase eliminates the shear stress where an independent cel l unit simply removes the shear stress.

And in some cases a monolayer can generally deform more under shear stress than a multilayer.

The fact supporting this interpretation is that the viscosity on L3 is a typical linear function of the volume fraction of interfacial activity.

Reference: Snabre P and Porte G (1990) Europhys. Lett 13: 641.

Complex methodologies of light, neutrons and X-ray scattering have been developed to determine the nanodimensional L3 phase. References: Safinya, C.R .. Roux, D. Smith, G.S..Sinha. S.L..Dimon. P.Clark. N.Q. and Blloeq. A.M. (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett. 57:27 18: Roux. D. and Safinya. C. R. (1988) J. Phys. France 49: 307: NALLET. F.ROUX. d and PROST. J (1989) J. Phys. France 50: 3147

The nanodimensional structure has two aqueous meshes.

Separated by a surfactant multilayer. And, due to the equivalence of the two meshes, some symmetry is created.

Fortunately, the determination of the nanodimensional structure nature of the L3 phase based on the phase aspect is typical.

It may be safer than in the case of L1, L2 and even in the case of micro emulsified phases.

First, L3 phases are often obtained by adding other small factors, such as other compounds forming an oil thin film, a cubic phase of overlapping continuity, and a slight temperature rise for this same phase. It is easy to see that these liquid crystal phases have nanodimensional structures (especially Bragg peaks in X-Lay). When the liquid phase is similar to the components of the liquid crystal phase, it becomes a nanodimensional space.

After all, the L3 phase is not as severe as changing the liquid phase to an unstructured liquid by adding a few percent of the oil to the nanodimensional structure crystals.

In a real Aerosol OT-brine system, pulse-tilt NMR self dispersion measurements show that the self dispersion mode on L3 extrapolates very well to measurements on its reversible continuity cubic phase. These L3 phases are the subject of combined SANS, self-dispersion, and frozen fracture pre-electron microscopy studies.

References: Strey, R. Jahn. W, Skouri. M Porte, G .. Marignan, J. and P. Targlia, Eds .. luwer Academic Publishers.

Nevertheless, it is observed in SANS and wavelength vectors on L3. The model of the L3-phase nanodimensional structure can be constructed by extrapolating a vector corresponding to the same d-space as the size of the overlapping continuity particles near the top of the image, and a known structure to know the double-continuous cubic structure. The author has developed.

References: Anderson.D.M. Wennerstrom. H. and Olsson. U. (1989) J. Phys. Chem. 93: 4532

As a component of the coating particles, the nanodimensional structure liquid crystal material

a.Normal or inverted cubic material of nanodimensional structure.

b.Nano-dimensional or normal hexahedral materials

c. normal or intermediate materials of the nanodimensional structure, or

d. Nano-dimensional thin film material

The nanodimensional liquid crystal phase is characterized by a zoned structure, consisting of at least one type 1 and type 2 zones (and in some cases three or even more zones) L3 has the following characteristics:

a) The chemical moieties in Type 1 zones do not blend well with those in Type 2 zones (and in general, pairs of different zone types do not harmonize with each other), so they are separated into undivided zones under given conditions. Remains. (For example, type 1 zones may actually consist of polar materials such as water and lipid heads.

On the other hand, the Type 2 zone consists essentially of the same polar part as the hydrocarbon chain. Type 2 zones, on the other hand, are high in polyisoprene and type 3 is high in polyvinylpyrrolidone)

b) The atomic arrangement in each zone is closer to liquid rather than solid because of the lack of lattice roles of atoms. (This is evidenced by the lack of sharp Bragg peak reflections in wide X-ray diffraction).

c) the minimum size of virtually all zones in the nano-dimensional (usually 1 mm to 100 mm) range, thickness in layer size, diameter in cylindrical and spherical cases.)

d) The organization of the zone is lattice compliant 1.2.3 dimension and has a lattice constant (or unit cell size) in the nanometer range (usually 5 mm to 200 mm) so that the organization of the zone is 230 Acclimates to the chill of one of the space lifts. And due to the fact that there is a sharp Bragg reflection with d-space among the lowest dimensional reflections in the 3-200 mm range, well-designed small angular X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements demonstrate that the area's tissue is in compliance with the lattice. do.

The thin film phase appears as follows;

One . Small angle X-rays show the maximum at a ratio of 1: 2: 3: 4: 5.

2 . Visually, the image looks transparent or somewhat blurred.

3. In polarized light microscope, the image appears birefringent. Well-known structures were invented by Rosebear and Windsor. The three most prominent fabrics are the Maltese Cross, the Mosaic pattern, and the Oily Stripes pattern. The Maltese cross is a layer of two dark bands (interfering patterns) placed on a birefringent cloth and stacked vertically, reminiscent of the symbol of the WWI German army. The diversity on this fabric was described in detail in 1987 by Dr. J. Belarga at the University of Minnesota. The mosaic pattern appears to be tightly tied together with a random arrangement of light and dark fabrics in a dense array of maltese crosses. The oily stripe pattern is typically seen when a low viscosity thin film is placed between the glass of the microscope and the coverslip. In this pattern, long bent lines can be seen when closely observed, for example, at magnification of 400x. Small stripes pass perpendicular to the bent lines and form railroad tracks as opposed to hexagons. In particular, when the image is smoothly rubbed between the glass and the cover slip for a while, the thin film becomes in line with the axis parallel to the line seen in the microscope because the birefringence phenomenon disappears.

The phase of the thin film phase in the surfactant system is;

One . The low viscosity allows the material to move.

(For example, when an upside down image is caught in a tube)

2 . The self-diffusion rate of all elements is high relative to volume. The self-diffusion coefficient of water on thin films can be compared with pure water. This is because surfactants that form liquid crystals are not normally liquid at ambient temperature. In surfactants the reference point is not clear. The self-diffusion coefficient on thin films is usually considered as a reference point for translating volume data from other phases.

3. If the surfactant contains deuterium in group and band-shaped HNMR, the splitting appears in the hexagonal shape twice, and two bending parts can be seen there.

4 . In terms of phase motion, thin-film phases usually operate at high activity (typically over 70%) in a tailed surfactant system. With two tails, it can sometimes be active at low activity or even below 50%. Generally higher temperatures are possible than the other liquid crystal phases that occur in the schematic phase. In a single element interpolymer system, the thin film phase is;

One . The shear modulus is lower than other liquid crystals in the same system.

2 . In the phase movement, the thin phase is observed when the two plates are 50:50.

Normal hexahedral phase; It looks like this:

One . The small angle X-rays represent the maximum at a ratio of 1: √3: 2: √7: 3.

Usually, in √ (h + hk + h), this is due to the Miller index of the two-dimensional symmetry group when h and k are integers.

2 . With the naked eye, the phase appears transparent when fully equilibrated and is cleaner than the surrounding thin-film phase.

3. In polarized light microscopy, the image appears birefringent and the well-known structure is well described by Rosebear and Windsor. Most notable is the fan-shaped fabric. The fabric appears to be made of a birefringent cloth, with stripes reminiscent of oriental fans. In the surrounding fabric, the fans are directed towards each other. The most noticeable difference that distinguishes the thin-film image from the hexagonal pattern is that, if observed closely at high magnification, the stripes on the hexagonal phase are not perpendicular to the large stripes. On the thin film, it is vertical.

In the surface-active water system, the normal hexagonal phase is;

1. The viscosity is normal. It is more viscous than a thin phase and less than that of a typical cube (which has a viscosity of 1 million centipoise).

2 . The self-diffusion coefficient of the surfactant is lower than on the thin film. The coefficient of water is comparable to volumetric water.

3. HNMR using deuterium containing activators shows cracks.

4. In phase activity, the activity is at a moderate level of concentration of a single-tailed surfactant, on the order of 50% of the active agent. The range of normal hexagonal phases is usually close to that of the colloidal particles, although sometimes discontinuous cubic phases appear. In two-tailed surfactants, there is no activity in all binary surfactant systems.

In single-element interpolymers, the hexagonal phase is meaningless to 'normal' and 'flip'. Although all plates have both poles, so in principle. The shear modulus on such hexagons is higher than on thin films and lower than on discontinuous cubes. Image movement is observed when the fragment of the two plates is 35:65. Usually the hexagonal phase will contain a few elements inside the cylinder and will spread towards the thin film phase.

Inverted hexagonal phase: In surfactant systems, the normal hexagonal phase and the inverted phase differ only in two ways.

One . The viscosity of the inverted hexagonal phase is quite high and is higher than normal and corresponds to the inverted cube.

2 . In the movement of the phase, the inverted hexagonal phase occurs at a high concentration of the two-tailed surfactant system, often reaching 100%. Usually the range of inverted hexagonal phases is close to the thin-film phase seen at lower concentrations, sometimes with the inverted cubic phases in the middle. The inverted hexagonal phase appears in many two-tailed systems, such as monoglycerides containing glycerol or monulite and nonionic PEG activators with low HLB.

The distinction between 'normal' and 'inverted' on the normal hexagons mentioned above can only be mentioned in surfactant systems and in the single element interpolymers, the distinction is meaningless.

Normal discontinuous cubic phase:

One . Small angle X-rays represent exponents of the cube's face and three-dimensional space groups. The best observed spatial group exponents are Ia3d (# 229), √6: √8: √14: 4 ... Pn3m (# 224), √2: √3: 2: √6: √8 ... Im3m (# 229), √2: √4: √6: √8: √10 .....

2 . Visually, the phase is transparent at equilibrium and sometimes much cleaner than the surrounding thin film phase.

3. In polarized light microscope, the image is not birefringent so there is no visible structure.

The phase of a normal discontinuous cube in the surfactant system is;

One . The viscosity is high, much higher than the thin film phase and even higher than the typical hexagonal phase. Most cubic phases have a viscosity of one million centipoise.

2 . In the band-shaped NMR, no cracks are seen, and only the maximum points in the isotropic direction are visible.

3. In the phase movements, a normal discontinuous cube operates under high concentrations in a two-tailed surfactant system, nearly 70% of the order of ionic surfactant. Usually the range of normal discontinuous cubic phase is located between the thin film phase and the normal hexagonal phase. It features high viscosity and non-refractive property. Two-tailed surfactants do not react under all binary activator systems.

In simple element interpolymers, the discontinuous cubic phase does not require the distinction between 'just' and 'flip'. It has a positive pole, but in principle. In discontinuous cubic phase, the shear stress modulus is much higher than that of thin and hexagonal phases. In the motion of the phase, the discontinuous cubic phase opens toward the thin-film phase with minority elements in the cylinder, and the hexagonal phase opens toward the cubic-thin-cubic array.

Inverted discontinuous cubic phase: Appears as follows.

In surfactant systems, there is only one distinction between an inverted discontinuous cubic phase and a normal discontinuous cubic phase. In the motion of the phase, the inverted discontinuous cubic phase lies between the thin-film phase and the inverted hexagonal phase. In normal cases, however, it lies between the thin film phase and the normal hexagonal phase. Therefore, there is a controversy between the normal hexagon and the inverted phase. A good method is normal if the cubic phase is at a higher concentration of concentration than the thin phase. On the other hand, if the surfactant concentration is higher than the thin film phase, it is reversed. The inverted cube phase reacts under high activator concentration in a two-tailed surfactant system. In this case, hydrophobic or amphoteric substances are added. However, space group # 212 was observed in an inverted non-continuous cube that was not normal. This award is derived from group # 230. As mentioned earlier, the distinction between 'normal' and 'flip' in normal discontinuous cubes is only meaningful in surfactant systems and not in single-element interpolymers.

The normal crack (discontinuous) cubic phase appears as follows.

1. Small-angle X-rays represent exponentially three-dimensional space groups with cube faces. The most prominent group in the surfactant system is Pm3n (# 223) with exponents of √2: √4: √6: √8.

The prominent group in the single element interpolymer is Im3m.

2. Visually, the phase is transparent at equilibrium and is more pronounced than any other combined thin film phase.

3. In polarized light microscope, the image is not birefringent, so there is no visible structure.

Normal cleavage cubic phase in surfactant system:

1. The viscosity is much higher than thin film phase and normal hexagonal phase. Most cubic phases have a viscosity of one million centipoise, whether split or discontinuous.

2. There is no crack in NMR like discontinuous cubes.

3. The phase behavior shows that the normal crack cubic phase has low activator concentration, typically on the order of about 40% ionic activator in a single tail surfactant system. The range of normal crack cubic phase lies between normal colloidal particles and normal hexagonal phases.

The distinction between 'normal' and 'inverted' in single-element interpolymers is meaningless. The shear modulus in such crack cubic phase depends on the shear stress modulus of the polymer forming the continuous phase. As the phase moves, the crack cubic phase reacts along the lower debris on either side of the plate at an order of about 20%.

Inverted crack cubic phase: Appears as follows.

The inverted crack cubic phase and the normal crack cubic phase in the surfactant system can be distinguished in three aspects.

1. From the motion of the phase, the inverted crack cubic phase can be located between the thin film phase and the inverted hexagonal phase and can be located between the thin film phase and the normal hexagonal phase when it is normal. Therefore, there is a controversy over what should be distinguished. A good method is normal if the cubic phase is at water concentration than the thin phase. On the other hand, if the concentration of the active agent is higher than the thin film phase, it is reversed. The inverted cubic phase reacts under high activity concentration in a two-tailed activator system. In this case, hydrophobic or amphiphilic materials are added. The inverted crack cubic phase appears in binary systems such as monoglycerides containing glycerol monolith and nonionic PEG activators with low HLB.

2. The mainly observed spatial group is Fd3m, # 227.

3. Self diffusion of water is very low while hydrophobicity is high. Self-diffusion of the surfactant is higher than that of the thin film phase.

As mentioned earlier, the distinction between 'normal' and 'flip' in normal homogeneous cubes is meaningful only in surfactant systems and not in single-element interpolymers.

Phase of intermediate product:

This image is unusual and occupies a narrow range, even if observed. The structure is still unknown and controversial. The intermediate product is classified as follows.

Phase (1) of the normal intermediate product is closer to the hexagonal shape with lower active agent concentration than the normal discontinuous cube. The viscosity is low and not higher than normal hexagonal phase. This phase appears birefringent and resembles a hexagonal structure. The self-diffusion of the element is almost similar to that of the hexagonal phase. Small angle x-rays show a lower symmetry group than the cube. To compare this phase with a normal hexagonal phase, you can analyze sophisticated NMR and SAXS.

Phase (2) of the normal intermediate is found at higher concentrations than the normal discontinuous cubic phase and is close to the thin film phase. As shown by NMR and SAXS analysis, it is similar in structure and properties to normal discontinuous cubes except for birefringence. The structure shown is rather unusual and in some ways similar to thin-film structures and in some ways to hexagonal ones, but generally uneven.

Spatial groups of low symmetry in the phase of interstitial features (1) are usually tetrahedral or rectangular, requiring two unit cell parameters, making SAXS analysis difficult.

The inverted intermediate (2) is found at a lower concentration than the inverted discontinuous cubic phase and approaches the thin film phase. It is birefringent and shows singularity in NMR. The liquid phase or the liquid crystalline phase equilibrates when the water is diluted and dissolved. Waterproofing particle 10 has 20 external processing and need not equilibrate to water. The liquid phase equilibrated with water is:

L2 phase (inverted colloidal particles)

Micro emulsion

L3 phase (not L3 phase)

Next, parallel the liquid crystal phase with water

Inverted cubic

Inverted hexagonal phase

Inverted intermediate product award

Thin film

This phase, which produces a reaction parallel to water, is now well received in terms of making waterproof particles when invented. In the process of distributing a given phase to the intercellular matrix, the phase is not soluble in water and is divided in whatever its dissolving power. In addition, the internal phase is dissolved and equilibrated during particle formation, reducing the risk of phase deformation. Similarly, the interior phase is equilibrated at the time of grain processing or later, and the likelihood of deformation of the phase is reduced as well. It is advantageous depending on the application.

Insoluble in water, on the other hand, is beneficial between the matrices at the moment of particle formation and even when applied. It is good in the case of temporary invention, because the dissolving power may be advantageous at the time of application. For example, consider an intermatrix that contains 20% C12E5 (Pantethylene Glycol Dodecyl Ether) in water. At 75 ° C, it forms L3 which equilibrates with dilute water.

Thus this coupling would be ideal at 75 ° C. If the application temperature is from 0 to 25 ° C, this internal bond will be soluble and C12E5 will be virtually the same as a normal surfactant. This would be advantageous in the case of non-lubricating oils. In case of cleansing, it is preferable after the particle waterproofing process is performed.

Liquid materials with nanodimensional structure are formed from:

a. Polar solvent and surfactant

b. Polar solvents and surfactants, and amphiphilic or hydrophobic substances

c. Interpolymer of plate

d. Copolymers and Solvents in Plates

The liquid crystal phase material having a nanodimensional structure is formed from the following.

a. Polar solvent and surfactant

b. Polar solvents and crab actives, amphiphilic compounds or hydrophobic substances

c. Interpolymer of plate

d. Copolymers and Solvents in Plates

According to chemical standards, it is used to make one pole and another pole workable in order to make a working surfactant. Thus, suitable surfactants contain two chemical moieties, one of which is an operable pole of choice and another of which is an operable pole of choice.

Suitable surfactants or interpolymer components of the plates contain:

a. Cationic surfactant

b. Anionic surfactant

c. Semipolar surfactant

d. Zwitterionic Surfactant

i. Especially cognitive

ii. Phospholipid-containing lipids to match the physicochemical properties of biological membranes

e. Monoglycerides

f. PEG surfactant

g. Any of the above being directional

h. Interpolymer of plate

i. Two plates of hydrophobic materials that cannot be mixed

ii. Two plates of hydrophilic materials that cannot be mixed

iii. One is hydrophobic and the other is hydrophilic

Iii. A mixture of two or more of the above

Suitable lipids include phospholipids (such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidyl atanolamin, spingomelin) or glyco lipids (MGDG, diacylglucopyranosyl glycerol, lipid A). Other lipids include phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, etc.), sphingolipids (sphingomelin), Glycolipids (MGDG and DGDG, Diacylglucopyramosil Glycerol, and Lipid A), salts of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, acid classes such as genthiobiosyl, isoprenoids, ceramides , Plymologen, cerebroside, pigoglioside, cyclopentatriol lipid, dimethyraminopropane lipid, lysolecitin and lysole lipids derived from the above which eliminated the linkage of acyl.

Other suitable surfactants include anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, semipolar, PEG, and amine oxidizers. As follows :

Anion-Sodium Olit, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfide, Sodium Diethylhexyl Susfosinate, Sodium Sodium Dimethylhexyl Susfosinate, Sodium Di2 Ethyl Resulfate, Sodium Ethyl Hexyl Sulpite, Carbohydrate Soap of IC Type, Coupling Monovalent ions of length n between 8 and 20, such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium.

Cations-8 to 20 dimethylrammonium, dimethylammonium, chloride, bromide, sulfide ions, myristyl gamma picolinium and 8 to 18 alkyl series, benzalcould benzate, tetravalent ammonium Sulphides and carbon, bromide, chloride, and sulfide ions between 8 and 18.

Nonionic PEG sulfides with alkane linkage length n of 6 to 20 and ethylene oxide groups of 2 to 80, ethoxylated cholesterol.

Bipolar and semipolar-NNN trimethylaminodecanoimide, amino acid sulfides, alkyl sulfides of 8 to 18 carbons, dodecyldimethylamoniofflopene, dodecyldimethylamoniobutyrate, dodecyltrimethylene (ammonium chloride), decylmethylsupport Nediamine, dimethylekosilmoniohexinoate, alkyl series semipolar, bipolar.

Surfactants recognized as FDA-injectable include benzalkolium, chloride, sodium deoxycholic, myristyl gamma picolinium chloride, polosame188, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, sorbitan monopalmitate, and sodium 2- Ethylhexanoid acid.

Suitable plates of interpolymers are those in which two or more of the following polymer groups cannot be bonded to each other; Polydiene, polyelin, polyacryl, polymethacryl, (including polyacrylic acid, polymethylacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, polymethylacrylamide, etc.), polyvinyl Ethers, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacetals, polyvinyl ketones, polyvinyl halides, polyvinylnitriles, polyvinyl esters, polystyrenes, polyfinylenes, polyoxides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyanhydrides, polyurethanes, Polythiazole, Cellulose, Alginic Acid, Chitin, Chitosan, Glycogen, Heparin, Pectin, Polyphosphose Nitrile Chloride, Polysulfone, Polyamide, Polyhydrazide, Polyurea, Polystyrene, Polybenzolthiazole, Poly- n-butylene fluoride, polyphosphoridimethel amide, poly-2,5-serenylene, poly-4-n-butyridinium bromide, poly-2-n-methyl Pyridiniumiodine, polyarylamonium chloride and polysodium-celonate-trimethylene oxyethylene.

The preferred interpolymers of the plates are polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polybutadiene, polyisoprine, polychlorobutadiene, polyacetylline, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polybutyacrylate, poly alpha methylsty Chlorine, polyacryline, polybutylene oxide, polydimethyllinsiloxane, heparin, pectin, chitin, chitosan, alginic acid and salts. Particularly preferred plate polymers are polystyrene b butadiene, polystyrene b isophrine, polystyrene b styrenesulphonic acid, polyethylenoxide acid, polystyrene b dimethylsiloxane, polyethylene b styrene, polynobornin b-5, polyacetyl Lean b-5 norbornin, polyacetyllin b norbornin, polybutylinoxide bethylinoxide, polyethylinoxide b siloxane.

Third element; Hydrophobic or Nonsurfactant-philic Compounds

a. Alkanes, alkenes, or other chain-shaped elements

b. Aromatic like toluene

c. Long ring alcohol

d. Glycerides

e. Acylated sorbitan, such as sorbitan triase or a mixture of sorbitan from 2 to 6 acyl ring

f. A mixture of one or more of the above with other hydrophobic or non-surfactant substances

A suitable third element includes alkanes 6-20 and the following; Cholesterol, clove oil, anise oil, cinnamon oil, coriander such as cholesterol, telpin, ditalpin, tritalphine, fatty alcohol, fatty acid, aromatic, cyclohexane, naphthalene, naphthol, chinoline, benzokinolin Oils, natural oil extracts, such as eucarpitis oil, pepper oil, butanic ingredients such as butane, exonin, procaine, low molecular weight polymer.

The third element of particular preference is anise oil, clove oil, coriander oil, cinnamon oil, pepper oil, benzone, benzyl alcohol, naphthol, ceteryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cocoa butter, coconut oil, cotton seed oil cyclohexane, cyclome Ticon, DIPAC, Ethyl Vanillin, Eugenol, Fumaric Acid, Glyceryl Dithirate, Myristyl Alcohol, Benzyl Chloride, Paraffin, Peanut Oil, Seed Oil, Rosin, Sesame Oil, Vanillin, and Vitamin E.

Polar solvents;

a. water

b. Glycerol

c. Formamide, N Methyl Formamide, Dimethylformamide

d. Ethylene Glycol or Polyhydryl Alcohol

e. Ethylmonium nitrate

f. Other water-insoluble polar solvents

g. A mixture of two or more of the above

Preferred polar solvents are water, glycol, ethylen glycol, formamide, ethylen formamide, ethylrammonium nitrate, polyethylene glycol.

As mentioned earlier, the outer waterproof 20 forms non-thin crystals.

The 'thin film' applied to the crystal structure is shown next.

Thin-film crystalline phases separated from thin-film liquid crystals react in organic, inorganic and organometallics. This phase constitutes the interaction between atoms. Valence electron sharing, ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions. For example, in the layered structure of graphite, two-dimensional bonding with each other, there is no bonding between the layers. The absence of the inner thin film imparts many physicochemical features to making the present invention waterproof. First of all, the purity of thin crystals is due to the interaction between the weak layers. This can be seen by comparing graphite with diamond. Graphite is important as an element of lubricating oil. In terms of reacting to shear, diamond is swept away and graphite is pushed against each other. This layer thinning effect of the inner thin film phase has the effect of raising the low viscosity of the thin film liquid crystal phase compared with other liquid crystal phases. The hardness of graphite is 1.0 and the hardness of diamond is 10. The loss of purity of graphite can be seen in the pencil.

The interfering effect of the interlaminar crystal structure is easily found in everyday life that does not include visual shear. Thin-film liquid crystal or thin-film crystal waterproofing stabilizes oil droplets of aqueous emulsion and water droplets of oily emulsion. It is found in milk, ice cream, and latex like mayonnaise. Even in stationary fluids, processes of cleavage, circular reflux, and coalescence occur.

The outer waterproof 20 protects the inner core core 10. For example, it protects against the following factors against impurities such as proteases, nucleases, ph and ionic power.

Oxidation ; Antioxidation, such as vitamin c, of lipids that are sensitive to or cannot bind to oxidation

Hydrolysis; Chemical of Flexible Ester Bond

Immature release; While saving

Precipitation; When protons are added to ph, they cannot be dissolved.

Layer milling; Elements that are sensitive to shear aggregation, such as proteins, are encapsulated

Vacuum degree; When the process of vacuum drying is required

Enzyme penetration; Peptide hormones quickly penetrate the body and circulate until they reach their release point.

External ion force; The protein is encapsulated to prevent the release of salt branches.

In external waterproofing 20, non-thin crystals are organic urea, inorganic urea, minerals, metals, iodine or other organometallics.

The structure of the non-thin crystals is;

a. Impermeable definitive edition

b. One-dimensional crystal of hole

c. Two-dimensional crystal of hole

d. Three-dimensional crystal of the hole

Waterproofing has the following characteristics;

One . Cationic charge

a. Under all conditions of normal use

b. More than one special case of use

2 . Negative ion charge

a. Under all conditions of normal use

b. More than one special case of use

3. If not charged

a. Only at the isoelectric point

b. PH range over normal use

Examples of suitable non-thin crystals respond to favorable temperature ranges, low toxicity;

Ascorbic Acid, Ascorbic Palmitate, Aspartic Acid, Benzon, Betanaphthol, Bismuth, Butyrate Hydrocytoluene, Butylparaben, Calcium Acetate, Calcium Ascorbate, Calcium Citrate, Calcium Hydrosides, Dibasic, Tribasic, Carmine, Calcium Silicates, citric acid, cetyl alcohol, escalin, ferric oxide, gentic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, gold, histidine, hydrochlorothiazide iodine, iron oxide, magnesium, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium Trisilicate, magnesium oxide, malic acid, methylparaben, sodium chloride .....

Calcium phosphate waterproofing is likely to be used in medicine or pharmacy. Because calcium is a major component of bone, teeth and other elements. For example, when trying to treat osteoporosis, proper preparation helps dissolve bones.

Calcium nitrate waterproofing is valuable for agriculture because it fertilizes plants.

What is unusual as a waterproofing material is a clathrate compound. Examples are as follows;

One . Inclusion Compounds and Containing Elements

In MX ₂ A ₄ , M is a divalent ion and X is an anion ligand. A wide range of molecules are included in benzone, toluene, silin, nitrotoluene, methanol, chloromethane, argon, krypton, xenon, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and disulfide.

Oxygen-carrying chelates, such as bissalicylaldehyde, cobalt amino acids, and nickel dimethylgrioxime.

2 . Gerolite

Powzasheet-type NaX Gerolite

Nay zeolite in powder form

VPI -5 Gerolite

Waterproof Molecule 1 is applicable in various fields. Waterproofing molecule 1 absorbs the substance in the selected environment and releases the substance according to the intercellular matrix.

In terms of absorption, the waterproofing molecules clean up residues from crop cultivation or biochemical processes. It also carries toxins to remove toxins or altigens in medical applications.

In terms of absorption, waterproof molecules are used for gas absorption and chromatographs.

In terms of absorption, waterproofing molecules are used in pharmaceutical preparations and cosmetic preparations, such as cancer production inhibitors and photodynamic therapy.

When carrying proteins or polypeptides, it is beneficial to have internal cytoplasm, synthetic or nonsynthetic. Thus, it stimulates the physicochemical properties of natural biofilms from living cells. This is important for the smooth functioning of receptor proteins or other biofilm elements. Biochemical characteristics include the firmness of the layers, the presence or absence of discrete geological regions between the layers, the curvature between the layers, and the degree of condensation of the surface.

The interlayer properties described above are very useful intermatrix. Biomembrane proteins include proteinase A, amyloglucose, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, alphamanocidas, penicillin binding protein, ferrocellites, and bacterial external biomembrane proteins, together with water soluble proteins.

In view of the claims of the formulations for treating cancer, the fluidity of the present invention is attractive for the release of the following anti-neoplastic agents.

Antitumor Drugs (ANTINEOPLASTICS)

Alkylating Agent

Alkyl selfonate- busulfan, improsulfan, pipeusulfan.

Aziridine-modulation depa, cabocuon, meturedepa, uredepa

Ethylene and Methyl Melamine-Alcretamine, Triethylene Melamine

Triethylenephosphoramide, triethyleneethiophosphoramide, trimethyl melamine nstrogen mustard-crorambucil, clonapizaine, cyclophosphamide, estramestine phosphamide, mechretamine, mecretamine Oxide Hydrochloride, Melparanovignin, Fennesterine, Prednismustine, Trophosphamide, Euracil Mustard

Nitrosourea-Camerstin, Crorozotocin, Potemestin, Romerstin, Nimustine, Linnimustine

Other Substances-Dacavazin, MannoMustin, Mitobronitol, Mitolactol, Pipobromann

Antibiotics-acanthacinomycin-actinomycin F1, anthracymycin, azaserim, breomycin, cocktinomycin, carrubicin, casinophilin, chromomycin, dactinomycin, daunorubicin. 6-diazo, 5-oxo-el-norieusin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, mitomycin, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olibomycin, peplomycin, plicamycin, porphyromycin, promycin , Streptozosin, tubercidine, juvenimax, ginostatin, zorubicin

Metabolic antagonists (Antimetabolites)

Poly Acid Analog-Denophtherine, Methotrexate, Pterophtherin, Trimetreseate

Purine Analogs-Fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine

Pyrimidine Analogs-Ancitabine, Azitidine, 6-Azauridine, Carmopur, Cytarabine, Doxyfluidine, Enositabine, Phloxuridine, Fluorouracil, Tegapur

Enzyme-L-asparaginase

Other Substances-Aceglaton, Ansacrine, Vestravusil, Bisantrene, Carboplatin, Dephosphamide Demecolsin, Diajikuon, Eflonitine, Elliptinium, Acetate, Etogluside, Etherposide , Gallium, nitrate, hydroxyurea, interferon-oat, interferon-e, interferon-y, interleukin-2, lentinan, ronidamine, mitoguazone, mitoxantrone, furdamol, nitracrine, pentostatin , Phenammet, pyrarubicin, grapephylinic acid, 2-ethylhydrazide, procarbazain, pieske09, laoxane, sizopyran, cipigermanium, taxol, teniposide, tenuazonic acid, triazic On, 2, 2, 211-trichlorotriethylamine, urethane, vinblastine, vintristin, vindesine.

Antitumor Drug (ANTINEOPLASTIC-Hormonal)

Androgens (male hormones)-Calusosterone, Dormostanolone Propionate, Ipitiostenol, Mepitiosteine, Destollactone

Anti-adrenal-aminoglutetidemide, yltutamide

Andandrogens-flutamide, niltutamide

Antiestrogens-Tamoxifen, Torremyfen

Estrogen-phosphestrol, hexestrol, polystradiol phosphate

Progesterone-like hormones-buserelin, goserelin, leuprolide, tripepterin

Progesterone-chloromadinone acetate, methoxyprogesterone, megestrol acetate, merengestrol.

Antitumor drugs (ANTINEOPLASTIC-Radiator)

Americsum, cobalt, i-ethiodide oil, gold (radioactive, colloidal) radium, radon, sodium, iodide (radioactive), sodium phosphate (radioactive)

Antibiotics Accessories

Polyacid-Polynic Acid

Europro-Mensa

Other Applications of Coating Particles of the Invention

1. Includes encapsulated paints, inks and pigments in microcapsules, positively charged cations (in this case the PH dependence can be very important. Fillers and artificial solvents for making non-aqueous paints)

2. Paper, microencapsulated opaque body (also applies to chains): pressure sensitive ink-microcapsules to make carbon-free copy paper.

3. Non-crop, additives for bonding fabrics through processes

4. Attracting substances for controlling insects in agriculture (some of which are not encapsulated, volatilized, or well controlled in fertility and growth regulators (mostly unstable to the environment). If the input is well controlled (large temperature dependence) If the input of the herbicide is well controlled, the capsules of plant growth regulators ethylene and acetylene (not volatilized) are used to remove harmful substances that affect the mammals. Capsaicin), the use of nutrients and fertilizers.

5, environment and forestry, if the input of water-based herbicides to remove weeds is well controlled, the proper use of other herbicides, the proper use of nutrients necessary for marine abbreviation, soil improvement and nutrient injection, chelating solvents In some cases (ie heavy metal contamination), sediment control, active environmental fate (ie crystal coating or cohesive proper purpose of adhesive cues) can both be applied. Urea and sodium chloride)

6. Vaccines, for example for the purpose of treating diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency disorders, as an adjuvant to adjust to have an appropriate antigenic drug.

7. Nuclear drugs may be used to treat two nuclides as separate particles for cancer treatment. (If not included, they will be destructive to each other)

8. Separating the two components of cosmetics, antioxidants, anti-aging creams and anti-acne medications, encapsulated vasodilators and vitamins sun lotion fat-soluble vitamins Oxygen-sensitive vitamins, capsules of vitamin mixtures, volatile fragrances Encapsulation of different odors, encapsulation of volatile perfume ads that advertise loudly, encapsulation of volatile cosmetic removers, or encapsulation of other cosmetics to smooth out wrinkles, encapsulation of solvents that shine or erase nails, aerosol particles with encapsulated hair dye, Sanitary napkin with encapsulated deodorant.

9. Encapsulation of volatile drugs and sedatives to combat fleas in the field of livestock treatment Encapsulation of antibacterial and insecticides necessary for animals

10. In the field of dentistry, toothpaste components are treated well, in particular, the presentation of antistable urea components, oral anticancer substances, which are hydrolytically unstable (photopyrine.)

11. Single resin polymerization accelerator

12. In the field of midnight supplies, well controlled air fresheners Fragrances: repellents, laundry detergents (eg encapsulated, proteolytic enzymes) and other applied purifiers, softeners and fluorescents

13. Volatility in fumes disinfection of stored articles such as industry, encapsulated phosphine, ethylene diburamide, activated charcoal microparticles necessary for sorption and cleaning

14. Polymeric Additives, Polymerizing additives used to protect wires, paper and cardboard from rodents, impact modifiers, colorants and opaque agents, flame inhibitors, smoke inhibitors, stabilizers and optical illuminator additives. There are constraints such as low melting point (during process), polymerization-polymerization mismatch, limitation of particle size, optical sharpness and so on. Some polymerization additives used for lubrication of the polymerization have the disadvantage of having a very low melting point based on the wax. However, this is not the case with expensive artificial waxes

15. Encapsulating fermentation and purification of enzymes for encapsulating fermentation and purification of vegetable fats in animal feed (eg, petrol, flavors, aromas and oils) (eg coconut, mint). Encapsulation of enzymes (e.g. diacetyl welcome element in beer casting process). Bleaching encapsulated microcapsule tobacco additive (flavour) optionally taken to extend the shelf life of frozen foods, buffers acting on PH, porous materials. Eliminate impurities and discoloration using activated capsule charcoal

16.Photographs, higher purity films with dispersions of photoactive particles smaller than microns, faster producing films, are due to shorter diffusions in optically clear (and higher transmission) submicron sizes. The light process solvent is a microcapsule.

17. Explosives and propellants are both used as liquid solid propellants and explosives in encapsulated form. Water is also encapsulated and used as a thermostat in a solid propellant.

18. Pillars with microcapsules are created in the research field, injection and separation. Biochemical analytical tables, especially pharmaceutical research and observation.

19. The method involves encapsulated and environmentally sensitive proteins and glycolides for diagnostics, angioplasty, radiographs, and granular analysis.

Preferred stimuli required for initiating the input of the active agent or in lieu of initiating absorption are as follows.

I released by dissolution or collapse of the coating

A. Intensive Variables

1. PH

2. ionic strength

3. Pressure

4. Temperature

B. Variables for Orphans

1. Dilution

2. Surfactant action

3. Enzyme Reaction

4. Chemical reaction (no enzyme)

5. Complexity of the target compound

6. Current

7. Luminous

8. Time (ie slow solvent)

9. Shear Stress (Effective Critical, Shear Young's Modulus)

II If the release or absorption is through the pores of the coating, overcome the need for dissolution and collapse of the coating.

1. Selected by pore size versus compound size.

2. Selected by the pore wall polarity versus the polarity of the compound.

3. It is selected by ionization of the hole wall versus ionization of the compound.

4. It is chosen by the shape of the hole versus the shape of the compound.

5. Selected by the fact that "some compound or ion forms a porous inclusion composite with a coating while other compounds do not" (although this is generally linked to the above 4 results)

First, specifically, the coated particles are made as follows.

1. Allow at least one chemical species to occupy some portion of the volume matrix so that it can react with parts of other materials to form non-thin crystalline materials.

2. Contact the volume matrix with the following fluid. The fluid is under conditions that allow at least one species to occupy some portion and form a non-thin crystalline material therein. Thus, the first part and the second part react with each other. At the same time, the volume is subdivided into particles using the correlation between energy and volume.

Instead of the above method, coated particles can be made by the following method.

1. The material is added to a solution in the matrix tube to form a non-thin crystalline material, making it insoluble.

2. Break down the volume into particles using the correlation between energy and volume while preventing the above-mentioned substances from dissolving in the matrix.

In general, the size of the matrix includes Compound A, which forms thick crystals that react with Compound B.

And the liquid comprising Compound B (typically, a typical aqueous solution called 'Upper Solution') is overlaid on it.

The contact between compounds A and B generates crystals and particles coated with non-thin crystalline material to separate into the liquid in the inner / external contact phase (associated with the application of energy such as decomposition by high frequency).

This method of the present invention is a special and suitable method for generating an aqueous dispersion of coated particles with a material coated with a solubility as low as 10-20g of water as possible.

These processes of Compound A, which are to be dissolved (not simply dispersed or drifted) in the matrix before contacting Compound B, are very helpful and high frequency decomposition is carried out to obtain homogeneous dispersion of the superparticles in the result.

Discussed above is the nanodimensional structure with a hydrophilic hyperzone for the dissolution of Compound A in many cases that simply dissolve in ionizing solvents (adding dissolution conditions specifically for the full utilization of biopharmaceuticals, reactivity in the matrix). One reason for the importance of the matrix.

In particular, reactions that are susceptible to non-thin mineral crystal precipitates are generally most convenient and effective for hydrophilic catalysts.

Reactions susceptible to non-thin organic crystallization precipitates from dissolved precursors are often subjected to aprotic or quantization reactions in the form of soluble salts of the non-thin crystal external coatings claimed in water (or hydrophilic hyperzones) which are clear catalysts. It is the most convenient and efficient choice for PH.

Alternatively, low temperature or crystal promoters, currents are used to make the crystals.

Another standard emulsification method is used for energy input in the addition of decomposition by high frequency.

These include microfluidization, value homogeneity, and blade stirring. Thornberg, E and Lundh, G. (1978) J. Food Sci. 43: 1553]

Amphiphilic block copolymers weighing thousands of Daltons molecules, such as aqueous surfactants, preferably PLURONIC F68, are increased to aqueous liquids to stabilize coated particles against aggregates as they form.

If high frequency degradation is used to promote particle formation, these surfactants help to enhance the effects of high frequency degradation.

Many of the non-thin film crystalline coated particles described in the examples studied here react with two or more reactants to form a precipitate by contact between the outer coating precipitate formation and the nanodimensional structured liquid or liquid crystal phase and the surface liquid. It is formed by the process.

While very different from this method, a similar method is the general method of dissolving a coated material called material A in a liquid and liquid or liquid substance promoted by changing one or more conditions in a material such as a rise in temperature.

(Other changes such as the addition of volatile solvents, increased pressure)

This change must be a transition for the system to return to the state of the non-thin crystalline material A with a two-sided mixture of nanodimensionally structured liquid or liquid crystal materials on the drop in temperature, increase in pressure, evaporation of the solvent. .

The energy input must be made before the non-thin crystalline material A changes roughly in the wide crystal and is made by other emulsification or ultrasonication.

This causes the separation of the particles coated on the non-thin crystalline material A.

When temperature is used, the solubility of Compound A changes with temperature in the nanodimensional or liquid nanostructured liquid or nanodimensional structured liquid crystals, and as the magnitude of the change in solubility with respect to temperature increases, the temperature rise required to carry out this process is increased. Is reduced.

For example, the solubility of potassium nitrate in water is very resistant to temperature.

There is a fundamental difference between the sediment reaction process and the nature of this process.

That is, one compound (A) within the nature of the process requires the addition of a nanodimensional structured internal matrix.

In the precipitation reaction method, at least two compounds require Compound A in the nanodimensional structured state and Compound B which is embarked on a surface with an aqueous solution coated on top of the nanodimensional structured phase.

In that case, compound B is often simply a suitably selected salt or acidic compound.

This helps point out the similarity between the two processes that can be thought of as the presence of compound B on the surface is the condition that causes crystallization of A (particularly pH in acid / salt cases).

A can be dissolved by the use of basic PH and the reaction is converted by the use of acidic PH applied by the presence of the surface.

Perhaps the biggest difference between the two methods is that changes in the conditions that produce the crystals of A cause only the contact between the nanodimensional structured phase and the surface (aqueous solution), such as the A / B precipitate reaction. It can be said whether nanodimensionally structured phases such as, or falling crystals occur similarly through their volume.

It is also possible to use a combination of the temperature process described above and the A / B reaction process.

In such a scheme, the composite, which is claimed as a typical coated particle, is added to the matrix in two chemical formations.

The first is the free-acid (free salt) formation of a typical compound, which does not dissolve in the matrix at the temperature of the particle formation, but only at high temperatures, the final coating chemical formation.

Second is the precursor.

Typically salt formations are made by free acid reactions (or free salt formation reactions with acids such as hydrochloric acid) with bases such as sodium hydroxide.

This precursor dissolves in the matrix only at the temperature of the particle formation.

For example, in the case of particles coated with benzoic acid, both benzoic acid and sodium benzoate are added to such a matrix which does not dissolve the benzoic acid at ambient temperature, but dissolves at high temperature.

The aqueous solution contains, in the case of sodium benzoate, a composite (in order to actually dissolve the two formations) necessary for the conversion of the precursor to the final coating formation, such as hydrochloric acid.

Increasing the temperature, lowering the temperature, pouring the aqueous solution, decomposing by high frequency, or increasing the energy in the system, the coated particle formation can be divided into two: cold formed precipitates, reaction intermediates, and crystal coated precipitates. It is related.

This has the benefit of providing two sources of crystalline coating material that can result in early particle coverage rather than separate use by either method.

The provision is to increase the protection against particle dissolution (which results in a more even distribution of particle sizes) and to put less energy into increasing more efficient particle formation.

There are many other methods used to make coated particles such as the present invention.

A. Electrocrystallization

B. Seeding-[Soluble supersaturated in matrix, seed in surface]

C. Promotion-[lysed in one step, crystallization promoter in another step]

D. Inhibition removal- [Seed supersaturated in one step and seeded in another step]

E. Time method-[crystals that form slowly from the supersaturated melt in the inner phase]

One of the reactants must inevitably dissolve in other ionizing solvents or water to form almost all inorganic and highly claimed external coatings.

In particular, most of the salts used in these precipitation reactions will be dissolved in high ionization solvents.

At the same time, high favorable reactions occur for matrix materials dispersed in water, consistent with the present invention.

If there is no absolute condition that the internal phase material is practically insoluble in water, all the material will not only disperse in it, but also cannot dissolve even in an aqueous solution.

To form this coating, the matrix must meet two conditions.

Condition 1: Aqueous solution (other ionizing solvent) should be included.

Condition 2: Low solubility in water.

During the process of particle generation from the phase (typically to disperse the complete material in the particle), it should exhibit sufficiently low insolubility that no actual insolubility of the phase occurs.

These two conditions are almost opposite, and very few systems can be the basis for both.

Thin-film and vice versa nanodimensionally structured liquid materials and liquid crystal phases are such microscopic systems.

In some cases it may be helpful to mix in one or more compounds of the aqueous solution in a liquid crystallization step or nanodimensionally structured liquid.

In fact, there are examples that are convenient to have a nanodimensional structured surfactant liquid phase for an aqueous solution.

In particular, this may occur in a state where the matrix phase is equivalent to other liquid or liquid crystal phases than to the water equivalent state.

For example, colloidal particles, low viscosity thin film layers

The "liquid (fluid)" mentioned in the general description of the process given above is the same phase as the added composite, the added amphiphilic block cobalt polymer stabilizer or reactant B.

In this case, there is a noncomplexity manifested by the integration of this parent phase within the beginner that must appear.

This is because the upper phase can be selected as being equivalent to the matrix phase (although it may be considered as comparatively insoluble, but excludes the exchange of activated compounds between two substances with some neutrality).

The late formation of coated particles essentially dispersed in this upper “solution” can be varied from this, through filtration or through subsequent external dialysis, to other media such as water, salts, and buffers.

The following examples illustrate the invention but do not constitute a limited invention.

Examples 14, 15, 16 and 34 in the following examples may provide stability of the intact particles under stronger shear stress conditions, for example, pumping coated particle dispersion for recycling or transport. Demonstrate systems with coatings made of strong inorganic materials such as calcium phosphate and iron cyanide.

The minerals claim non-hydrophilic solubility which claims the release of coated particles by strong shear stress and at the same time creates a potential importance in protecting against emissions that simply lead to dilution with water.

One example of such an application is an erosive inhibitor, such as an erosive toxin or capsaicin, and other products and corrugated boxes, wires, which are claimed for protection against the erosion of the erosion that causes the release of the toxin or the active inhibitor and for being wiped out by erosion. The particles injected into it can be encapsulated in the coated particles of the present invention.

Non-hydrophilic solubility can prevent inhibition from premature release due to wet conditions.

Examples 17 and 33 are non-hydrolyzable, such as this compound, with non-hydrophilic solubility of copper, and the material of strong organics provided with a coating has a considerably bitter taste that can provide an additional inhibitory effect in the inhibition of sedimentation. Have

Examples 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 33 provide examples of coatings that are non-hydrophilic in their natural pH state.

However, there is a significant increase in solubility, such as PH, which is an acid or salt depending on the compound.

This means that important coating particles can be made, for example, to deliver a drug in a coating that has been selectively released within the desired particular pH range, such as for intestinal release.

Such coatings can also release and allow release of the antibacterial compound to the bacterial active area while the pH is acidic.

In addition, the release of the coating in a particular PH state allows the release of a buffer system or a Ph stable compound in the desired superparticle, for example to adjust the pH of the water in the pool.

Example 4 shows an example of particles coated with iodide-silver that can provide very useful properties such as cloud spray.

Iodide-silver coatings are well known for the cloud spreading effect, and the surface area and surface morphology are provided by particle shapes and sizes that magnify the effects of iodide-silver.

This may be of commercial importance due to the high price of the silver-composite, in the case of low-cost liquid crystal interiors, which serve as a filter to provide more potential and vast sparging at the costs of simple iodide-silver.

A similar increase in the effect due to the enlargement of the surface area is of importance in the use of the particles as a local anesthetic for thin films of mucus and in the proper balance of lipids and in the nature of fear of active anesthetic hydrogen within the particles used to enhance the effect. Prove it.

Example 5 demonstrates that compounds such as sulfides and oxides can be used as coatings in the coating particles of the present invention when claiming a gaseous reactant to the formation.

Such compounds are suitable for applications with particles that inadvertently meet such harsh physical and chemical conditions, such as the injection of particles containing dye into a non-woven material, in the process involving high shear stresses, or as a polymer addition. It is well known to have a high solidification as well as a chemically significant reverse reaction which can make important coating particles.

Examples 12 and 13 demonstrate the use of high hydrophilicity as a coating in which a coating by simple dilution with water may be important in claiming fast and convenient release.

For example, a spray system that combines two streams, including dispersion and other water, can provide an aerosol in a particle coating that is useful to prevent agglomeration before spraying, When already aerosolized, it dissolves after spraying.

After this insolubility has been exposed, the nanodimensional structured cubic phase interior is very sticky particles used to adhere to the inner surface of the crops or bronchus.

What is shown in Examples 12 and 13 is that the encapsulated capsaicin makes a product of potential importance in providing erosion resistance after the formation of sticky aerosolized particles on the crops.

Erosion, for example, is generally strongly resisted by the taste of capsaicin at very low concentrations.

All percentages in the following examples are the weight percentages shown.

The amount of compound used in the following examples provides that the comparative amount remains as is in the examples and can be varied as desired.

This amount can claim a larger piece of equipment for a certain proportional increase in proportion, and can be scaled to the desired amount.

In the following examples the outer coating of each coated particle contains a nanodimensional structured crystalline material.

And each inner center contains an integral matrix configuration of at least one nanodimensional structured liquid phase, at least one nanodimensional structured liquid crystal phase or at least one nanodimensional structured liquid phase, at least one nanodimensional structured liquid crystal phase do.

Example 1

This example shows that a wide range of active compounds, including those that are important for pharmaceutical and biotechnology, can be incorporated into the non-thin crystalline coating materials of the present invention.

An amount of 0.266 g of hydrogen chloride is dissolved in 20 ml of glycerol used for heating and heating to aid insolubility.

The same amount of gram molecules, 1.01 g of methyl paraben, are dissolved and then heated again.

From this solubility 0.616 g was discarded and 0.173 g of oleyl alcohol and 0.436 of lecithin were mixed in a test tube.

The active ingredient identified at the bottom is mixed at that point with the melt mixed thoroughly to form a nanodimensional structured liquid crystalline material in the active ingredient arranged therein.

"Upper lysate" is intended for use over 0.062 g of PLURONIC F-68 (polypropyleneoxide-polyethylene oxide block interpolymer surfactant commercially available from BASF) and previous melt with activity of 0.0132 g of acetic acid. Obtained by addition to the test tube as a layer of lysate.

Immediately, the test tube containing the upper melt and liquid crystal mixture was shaken a lot and sonicated for three hours in an ultrasonicator on a small table.

The resulting dispersion shows a high transportability of particles coated with methyl paraben with an order of magnitude of the micron test with an optical microscope.

Example 1A

2.0 wt% of silicic acid (based on the weight of the inner center of the liquid crystalline material) is mixed as active.

Example 1B

Vinblastine Sulphate 2.0 wt% (based on the weight of the inner center of the liquid crystalline material) is mixed as active.

Example 1C

Cymidine 2.4 wt% (based on the weight of the inner center of the liquid crystalline material) is mixed as active.

Example 1D

1.6 wt% of the cyclotropic hormone (based on the weight of the inner center of the liquid crystalline material) is mixed as the active.

Example 1E

Item 3 '. 2.9 wt% of the 5 'cyclic AMP antibody (based on the weight of the inner center of the liquid crystalline material) is mixed as active.

Example 1F

2.0 wt% L-cyroxine (based on the weight of the inner center of the liquid crystalline material) is mixed as the active.

Particles coated with virtually increased solubility as a result of increased pH were useful for drug delivery, which increases the pH that changes along the stomach from the stomach to the intestine, and as the same delivery rate per hour increases, the stomach results in lower efficient delivery. Bring it.

Example 2

This example demonstrates the long term stability of the particle dispersion of the present invention.

The amino acid D.L-lecithin in an amount of 0.132 g is dissolved in 2.514 g of 1 M hydrochloric acid resulting in the formation of leucine hydrochloride in the melt.

The solution was dried on a hot plate under a stream of air but not completely dried: stop drying at a weight of about 0.1666 g, consistent with the addition of one molar equivalent of Leucine HCI.

An amount of 0.130 g of this compound is added to 0.879 g of the nanodimensional structured reverse phase cubic material prepared by excess water removal, centrifugation, and mixing water and sunflower oil monoglycerides.

The supernatant solution is prepared by mixing 3 g of water and 1.0 g of 1 M sodium hydroxide.

The supernatant was coated on cubic and the test tube was sealed and sonicated as a result of the milky formation of superparticles coated with leucine.

Similar spraying is prepared with the use of PLURONIC F-68 as stabilizer.

The amount of leucine hydrochloride 0.152g is added 0.852g of nanodimensional structured reversed phase double cubic phase material and 3.0g of water and 1.0g 1M sodium hydroxide, 0.08g of F-68 It is coated on cubic material and sonicated material.

Again, the milky dispersion of the superfine particles coated with leucine is formed at this time where the F-68 amphiphilic block neutron surfactant is coated on the outer surface of the particle.

A calibration experiment showing the need for leucine for the formation of 1.107 g of DIMODANILS, crystal-coated particles, was mixed with 1.000 g of water to form a nanodimensional reversed phase dual cubic material.

The supernatant solution is prepared by adding 0.08 g of PLURONIC F-68 to 4.00 g of water.

The same procedure is used to prevent dispersion when using leucine.

The supernatant is sealed, sonicated and coated on the nanodimensional reversed phased continuous cubic material.

In this case, the necessary superparticles are not formed: the nanodimensional reversed phased continuous cubic material leaves large, visible lumps after hours of sonication under the same conditions as leucine experiments.

This dispersion of the coated particles of the present invention is usually tested for a period of 12 months and no trace of planar precipitation is visible.

Even a slight fluctuation shows no sign of surface sedimentation that cannot be reversed after a series of weeks.

There was no fluctuation but there was a sign of sedimentation. However, after shaking lightly for more than 5 seconds, the surface precipitation changes.

The droplets of dispersion were tested with a state-of-the-art R400 3-D 1000x magnification microscope (100x material, oil immersion, transmitted light) and appear to have a very high transportability of submicrons.

Particles coated with relatively weak organic matter can be used where active materials such as triclosan can be combined, such as, for example, cadmium ointment and where the material applied to the skin that released the shear stress coating is collected.

Example 3

In this example, paclitaxel is integrated at the 0.5% level of the inner center.

The paclitaxel coating is leucine in other embodiments that has been shown to provide long term stability.

The paclitaxel containing nanodimensional reversed phased continuous cubic material is 2 ml of t-butanol in a nanodimensional structured reversed phased continuous cubic material containing 0.390 g of glycerol, 0.091 g of oleyl alcohol and 0.280 gm of lecithin. It is made by mixing 4 mg of the dissolved paclitaxel.

After drying of butanol under argon, the nanodimensional reversed phased continuous cubic material is formed of sticky optical isotopes.

It is centrifuged for one hour without any precipitate appearing.

Optical isotopes are demonstrated with polar optical microscopy.

The leucine hydrochloride solution in glycerol is made up of a mixture of 0.970 g of glycerol, 2.573 g of 1M HCI and 0.241 g of leucine after the excess HCI and water have been dried under air flow on a hot plate at 50 degrees for 3 hours.

Next, 0.882 g of this leucine-HCI in glycerol solution is added to the nanodimensional reverse phase double continuous cubic material.

The supernatant solution is prepared by adding PLURONIC F-68 to 4.42 g of aqueous buffer at pH 5.0.

After superimposing the solution on the nanodimensional reversed phased continuous cubic material, the nanodimensional reversed phased continuous cubic material is sprayed into the supersonicated superparticles for 2 hours.

Such particles can be used to control the release of paclitaxel, which has been transformed into antineoplastics.

Example 4

In this example the coating is silver iodide which has the potential to make particles useful in the photographic process.

Silver iodide has very low hydrophilicity and some bases, but it is rather special.

The nanodimensional reversed phased continuous cubic material is prepared by mixing 0.060 g sodium iodide, 0.563 g triple evaporated water, and 0.509 g DIMODANLS ('Sunflower Monoglycerides', commercially available from Grimstedt AB). .

The supernatant is prepared by adding 3.01 g of water to 0.008 g of cetylpyridinum chloride, 0.094 g of PLURONIC F-68 and 0.220 g of nitrate-silver.

The dispersion of superparticles is sonicated for one hour and prepared by coating a supernatant solution over the nanodimensional reversed phased continuous cubic material.

The particle coating consists of silver iodide with low solubility in water.

Example 5

In this example, cadium surlfide was used as coating material. Cardium sulfide is a non-thin crystal and is a small amount of another theory ?? When added as an impurity, its physical properties change significantly. This example also shows that a gas having properties such as hydrogen sulfide gas can be used to induce crystallization and particle formation in the present invention.

The reverse medium continuous cubic material of nanodimensional structure uses 0.641g of DIMODANLS material. After this, 0.039 g of calcium sulfide is added to the mixture. Argon gas is then lowered into the test tube and the lid is filled. The supernatant solution is added 0.882 g of PLURONIC F-68 and 1.53 g of glycerol to 1.5 g of 1 M HCI. Then spray the solution with argon. The supernatant is placed in a syringe and added to the lowered test tube. In the added state, the smell of hardogen sulfide gas may occur in the test tube. As well as yellow precipitates may form. When this happens, hydrosulfide is produced. Ultrasonic waves are then used to disperse the bite. This allows for cadmium sulfide coating.

Example 6

This example is protected so that the inside of the particle is substantially unaffected by the conditions outside the crystal coated particle. The particle here is leucine. If methylene is only in contact with zinc in less than a second, it will disappear blue and become transparent: no zinc is added here for about 24 hours. Although permanently discolored, discoloration is thought to be the effect of simple zinc on leucine coating.

0.122 g of leucine hydrochloride solution with water as a solvent is mixed with 1.179 g of 1 M HCI and evaporated until the solution is 1 g. 0.922 g of Habara monoglycerol is added thereto, and about 10 drops of methylene blue, which is a dark aqueous solution, is added.

Supernatant is made by adding 0.497 g of 1 M NAOH and 0.037 g of PLURONIC F-68 to 3.00 g of PH 5 buffer. The upper solvent is then added to the leucine hydrochloride solution. Ultrasonic waves cause dispersion of bite particles. The dispersion is filtered to remove non-dispersible liquid crystals.

Then add 0.1 g of 100 grammar zinc dust. (If you touch the methylene blue solution and shake it, the blue color disappears due to the reduction effect of zinc. Usually, this happens within 1 second or almost simultaneously.) However, the microencapsulated methylene blue If it takes 24 hours to discolor. Finally it has a white dispersion. Thus, despite the interaction between zinc and leucine, which can interfere with the coating of these particles, the coating substantially protects methylblue against the zinc effect. On the one hand, the time required to reduce zinc in shades of grade 4-5 is increased.

If the two active ingredients must be in contact with each other when these particles are produced (oxidatively sensitive antibacterial compound triclosen and strong oxidative bleach benzel peroxide) It shows the possibility of using leucine-coated particles when interfering with contact between the environments.

Example 7

Contact with petrochloride is avoided, so there is no color change expected when ferroclide is added to the dispersion. This fact indicates that the coating is substantially impermeable to even ions.

A leucine hydrochloride solution of glycerol is made up of 0.242 g leucine, 2.60 g 1 M HCI and 1.04 g glycerol. It is then placed on a 50 degree plate in the presence of air for 1.5 hours and dried. The nanodimensional inversely redundant curbular cubic material is made of leucine-HCI solution, 0.291 g of lectin (EPIKURON 200, LUCAS-MEYER), 0.116 g of oleyl alcohol, 0.873 g of glycerol: Methyl blue is added to give a colored substance. The supernatant solution adds 0.042 g of PLURONIC F-68 surfactant to 4.36 g of pH 5 buffer. And ultrasonic waves are applied to cause dispersion of bite particles.

0.19 g of reducing agent, peroclide, is added to filter the dispersion material. The fact that there is no change in color indicates that methyl blue is protected from contact with the ferros component accumulated in the capsule in the leucine-coated particles. It is shown that the compound that has accumulated peroscrite in a capsule such as methyl blue may not be affected by the external decay conditions of the particles until the introduction of the coating.

For example, application of current is very useful in the field of electrochemistry which can be controlled by coating chemical injection.

Example 8

Considering in connection with Example 1A and Example 10 this example shows that the particles of the invention coated with methyl paraben can be produced in two completely different ways. There are chemical reactions, such as thermal processes such as heat-cooling and acid-based methods.

To 0.426 grams of sunflower monoglycerides (DIMOANLS), add 0.106 grams of methyl paraben and a small amount of methylene blue dye to a nanodimensional inverse redundant cubic phase mixture of 0.206 grams of acidic water in PH3. The mixture is heated to 110 degrees Celsius, stirred and placed on a vibrating mixer. And put into 23 ℃ water for 5 minutes. Add 2 ml of 2% PLURONIC F-68 acidified to pH3 with Hcl. The test tube is sealed with a turning stopper. The tube is shaken and sonicated for 30 minutes to disperse the pupil. This yields a methylparaben coating.

This experiment, linked to Example 10, reveals that particles coated with the same composites can be produced by thermal and chemical immersion methods, thus providing many applications that are very important given the efficiency and minimal cost of fabrication. . For example, it is applied to a wide range of production of microencapsulated medicaments. In this case, however, methyl parabens were used.

Example 9

In this example, the nanodimensional inverse overlapping continuous cubic material is the basis for a nonionic surfactant. Non-ionic surfactants are generally applied to pharmaceuticals and produce liquid crystalline materials with properties that can be controlled with small temperature variations. For example, in acne creams this active agent can be used to have a cleansing component at a suitable temperature. However, they do not melt at the temperatures used in general formulations. In addition, this material is the basis for a controlled mixture of two surfactants and is sensitively dependent on the ratio of the two surfactants in phase and nature. This property provides a convenient and powerful way to control the properties of the inner core. Incidentally, this example causes a pronounced dispersion. This is worth noting. This is because small portions of particles larger than about 0.5 microns cause opaque dispersion.

The nanodimensional structural inverse overlapping continuous cubic material is marketed as 0.276 grams of "OE2" (the ethoxylate alcohol surfactant and "Ameroxol OE-2". It is produced by Amerchol, a subsidiary of CPC International Inc. ) Is mixed with 0,238 grams of "OE5" (an ethoxylate alcohol surfactant, marketed as "Ameroxol OE5". Produced by Amerchol, a subsidiary of International Inc.). Then add 0.250 grams of water. To this material is added 0.054 grams of methyl paraben and a small amount of methylene blue dye. This mixture is heated to 11.0 ° C. and shaken. Then put it on the vibrating mixer. Then lower to 23 ° C. for 5 minutes. Add 2 ml of 2% PLURONIC F-68 solution acidified to pH 3 with Hcl into the above solution. The test tube is sealed with a cap to turn it. Shake the tube and shoot for 30 minutes. This produces dispersed bit particles coated with methyl parabens. Interestingly, particles with sub-micron size cause pronounced dispersion.

Example 10

This example shows that in addition to the acidic acid method of the described embodiment, particles coated with methyl parabens can be produced through heat cooling.

This example shows that a mixture of two phases can be dispersed.

When lecithin (EPIKURON 200. 0.418 g) is mixed with 0.234 g of oleyl alcohol and pH 3 oxidized water, a reversed-phase nanodimensional double continuous cubic material with a 10 ^-9 structure and a reversed hexahedral material with nanodimensional structure are produced.

Take 0.461 g of this solution and add 0.049 g of methyl paraben and mix well.

Heat it at 120 ℃, stir it when hot and heat it again until it reaches 120 ℃. Remove the test tube from the oven and let it cool for 5 minutes in cold water. Then open the stopper, add 2 ml of a 2% solution of FLURONIC F-68 oxidized to pH 3 with hydrogen chloride (HCL), stir, shake and sonicate. This produces a milky white granular dispersion coated with methyl alcohol. When viewed under an optical microscope, you can see particles 2-10 microns in size. Excess methyl paraben crystals can also be observed.

This example shows two coexistences^-9Structure It shows that the phase can define the interior of the particle. This fact indicates that when two phases of a compound are formulated in medicine, for example, a mixture of inverted hexagonal and cubic phases results in different kinetics due to different polespace geometries. It is important in terms of controlling the supply of drugs in that it achieves desirable pharmacokinetic outcomes by bringing together the.

Example 11

This example shows that it is possible to create a waterproof particle internal structure, such as a protector of a moisture sensitive compound.

Example 10 The same procedure as was used to prepare the water was replaced by glycerol the excessive presence in preparation for nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse cubic phase liquid substances ^10-9 structure.

0.418 g of lecithin, 0.152 g of oleyl alcohol, 0.458 g of glycerol and 0.052 g of methyl paraben were used. The result was a milky particle dispersion coated with methyl parabens.

The protection of water-sensitive active compounds has important implications, for example, in oral care products that are hydrolably unstable.

Example 12

In this embodiment between Kep worn integrated with particles coated with potassium nitrate, and nano-dimension structures double continuous reverse cubic phase material of the structure ^10-9 in the process is based on the extremely low surfactant.

The coating can be easily removed by spraying water with a crop sprayer that sprays streams of water like mists of liquid. Please note that potassium nitrate can be used for dual purposes like chemical fertilizers.

0.597 g of the nonionic surfactant "OE2" and 0.402 g of the "OE5" are mixed with 0.624 g of water impregnated with potassium nitrate.

To this mixture is added 0.045 g of pure crystalline activated boksaicin obtained from Snyder Seed Company. 0.552 g of this mixture is then removed, 0.135 g of potassium nitrate is added and the composite is heated to 80 ° C. for 5 minutes. Take 2% PLURONIC F-68 from the supernatant and osmotic it with potassium nitrate. The dissolved mixture is mixed well and then heated in an oven at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes. Insert the test tube into water at 20 ° C for 5 minutes until the upper solution stratifies, stir with a test rod, close the stopper, shake and sonicate. As a result, a particle dispersion coated with potassium nitrate and the thiacycin of the active ingredient therein can be obtained.

When the dispersion is mixed with the same amount of water, the coating dissolves due to the high solubility of potassium nitrate at room temperature, which shows rapid coagulation and dissolution of the particles into large aggregates. The inside of each particle is a tacky liquid crystal so that when the coating is removed, precipitation and dissolution occur.

This example we talk about is a kind of spray used for ornamental plants and crops, and it prevents animals from eating leaves. We have succeeded in encapsulating this complex 켑 saicin, a non-toxic compound found in red peppers and paprika, causing spicy sensations in the mouth at concentrations in the range of a few million. Muxisin can be used for commercial purposes to prevent rodents and other animals.

Pure fuchsiacin can be encapsulated into cubic granular structures by adding crystals coated with potassium nitrate, that is, saltpeter. The surface solution outside the particles is an aqueous saturated solution of potassium nitrate, which can be completely dissolved by dispersing it with water at a ratio of 1: 1 to completely decompose the coating. (The decomposition process was recorded on videotape, which clearly shows the decomposition of the coating and the dissolution of the particles inside.)

The interior of the molecule is exposed to coagulation and decomposition of the coating, which forms a cubic phase with the following critical properties:

A) It is water soluble

B) has extremely high adhesion and adhesion

C) It has a high viscosity.

Having these three properties means that the coated cubic particles stick to the leaves of the plant and property A does not decompose under rain.

The same three properties are also crucial for large-scale cubic animal studies used as ointment control prescriptions in pharmaceutical photodynamic therapy (PDT) drugs for oral cancer treatment.

The quasi-cycin concentrates obtained from cubic particles have two orders of magnitude higher than those used to treat arthritis. It is also possible to increase the unit by 20%.

From a commercial point of view, the composition of the dispersion is very inexpensive and is approved for use as a food or additive. Potassium nitrate is also known as a chemical fertilizer.

Example 13

In this example, potassium nitrate was used as in the above-described example, where the ^10-9 structure of the nanodimensional double-continuous reversed cubic material is based on lecithin, an inexpensive and indispensable compound for the life of plants and animals. Doing.

This 10 ^-9 structured nanodimensional double continuous inverse cubic material is stable over a wide range of temperatures up to 40 ° C, which can be encountered in normal climatic conditions.

1.150 g of soy lecithin (EPIKURON 200) is mixed with 1.236 g of oleyl alcohol and 0.407 g of potassium nitrate. Add 0.150 g of active muxisin and mix well. Then 0.50 g of potassium nitrate is added and the mixture is heated to 120 ° C. for 5 minutes. Take the PLURONIC F-68 2% aqueous solution to obtain the top solution and osmotic it with potassium nitrate. Stir the dissolved mixture well and heat in an oven at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes. The test tube is placed in cold water for 5 minutes until the upper solution is stratified, and then stirred with a test rod, closed with a stopper, sonicated, shaken 30 times, and sonicated.

This yields a particulate dispersion that is coated with potassium nitrate and contains nearly 5% level of activation-containing xisaicin. Also excess potassium nitrate crystals can be obtained.

The application is similar to the method of Example 12 except that in order to be better supplied, lecithin is used internally so that the inside of the particles can be better integrated in the cell membrane of the plant.

Example 14

In this example, it can be seen that the particles coated with copper iron cyanide are resistant to shear stress.

The 10 ^-9 structured nanodimensional double continuous reversed cubic material can be obtained by mixing 0.296 g of sunflower monoglyceride (DIMODAN LS) with 0.263 g of potassium iron cyanide 10% aqueous solution. The upper solution can be obtained by mixing 0.021 g of copper sulfate and 0.0633 g of PLURONIC F-68 with 4.44 g of water. The upper solution is stratified with a 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double continuous reversed phase cubic material. The test tube is capped and sonicated for 45 minutes. The result is a high concentration of fine grains coated with copper iron cyanide, with a particle diameter of 3 microns. In this process, except for sonication, microparticles are produced without temperature control, and the particles can be enclosed using another form of emulsification. Moreover, there is no need to change the pH concentration.

Dropping small droplets between the slide and cover glass of the microscope for microscopic observation shows that the microparticles coated with copper iron cyanide resist shear stress. In other words, even if dispersed with a cover glass and lightly pressed with a finger does not damage the form or dissolve the particles. This is in contrast to, for example, molecules coated with magnesium carbonate hydrogen compounds, which lose shape or dissolve particles even under light pressure. This observation is related to the robustness of the copper iron cyanide.

Particles heavily coated with shear stress play an important role in applications requiring the pumping of traditional polymer coated particles known to suffer from life constraints due to the stiffness of the shear stress coating.

Example 15

In this example the mucinsin was incorporated into the crystallized interior of the particles of the present invention in a 9% unit weight ratio. A mixture of 0.329 g of lecithin, 0.109 g of oleyl alcohol, 0.611 g of glycerol and 0.105 g of xisaicin, available in crystalline form from Snyder Seed Company in NY Buffalo, results in a 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous reversed-phase cubic material. Is made. Add 0.046 G of copper sulfide to this cubic material. The upper solution can be obtained by mixing 0.563G of 10% aqueous potassium cyanide solution with 2.54G of water. The upper solution is stratified with cubic copper sulfate compound and sonicated for two hours in a test tube. It can be seen that the copper iron cyanide turns into a dark reddish brown compound. After this time, the cubic material is dispersed into molecules coated with copper iron cyanide. The coating is made of ferrous cyanide, which has a strong odor and selective permeability to sulfate ions. This coating material is a robust lens as seen in Example 14 and the fuxisin provides an unpleasant taste to rodents, so these particles are used to prevent rodents from harming cardboard boxes or crops. Particularly, since the particles must be resistant to shear stress, they are used for the purpose of making microparticles and spraying particles on plants or in boxes decorated with edges prior to exposing the hypsisin to animals.

Example 16

In this embodiment, fine grains coated with copper iron cyanide are made through the same process as in Example 14. In this case, however, the antibody is incorporated as a catalyst of activity. Adenosine simple phosphate (AMP) antibodies with anti 3'.5 'cycles inside the particles integrate with the activity catalyst at a concentration of 1 unit%. Cubic substances can be made by mixing 0.501 g of sunflower monoglycerides with 0.523 g of water. 0.948 g potassium cyanide and 0.010 g antibody are added to the cubic material. Centrifuge to remove excess aqueous solution.

The upper solution can be prepared by mixing 0.032 g of copper nitrate and 0.0633 g of PLURONIC F-68 with 4.44 g of water. When the upper solution is layered and sonicated, a milky white fine particle dispersion coated with copper iron cyanide can be obtained. These particles are useful in biotechnology where strong copper cyanide coatings limit particle release prior to release of the coating and the availability of bioreactive antibodies in light shear stress conditions, for example in pressurized inserts.

Example 17

In this example, the ethyl hydrogen copper forms an extremely hard shell. In this example, an acid group procedure was used.

The 10 ^-9 structured nanodimensional double continuous reversed cubic material can be made by mixing 0.648 g of sunflower monoglycerides (DEMODAN LS) and 0.704 g of water. In addition to this, 0.084 g of copper ethylhydrogen chloride gives methylene blue color. The upper solution is obtained by mixing 1.01 g of 0.1 M potassium hydroxide and 0.0633 g of PLURONIC F-68 with 3.0 g of water. Ultrasonic treatment of the material after the upper solution has been layered with liquid crystals produces a dispersion of fine particles coated with free-form copper liquefied hydrogen. Observed by light microscopy, most of the molecules are less than one micron in size.

Molecules that maintain non-dry integration can be used, for example, in the regulation of cultivation activities such as herbicides, attractants, and pesticides in areas where dry weather inhibits the resistance of the particles, causing premature ejaculation.

Example 18

In this example leucine coated particles are made via a heat treatment protocol.

The 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous reversed cubic material can be made by mixing 1.51 g of sunflower monoglycerides (DEMODAN LS) with 0.723 g of water. Nano-dimensional structure of the structure ^10-9 eseo the mixture takes a double continuous reverse cubic phase material was added 0.52g of DL- leucine 0.048g. Stir well the mixture and heat to 80 ° C. It is cooled in water at room temperature. Immediately 2% of PLURONIC-68 in water is stratified and the mixture is shaken and sonicated. This results in a milky white microparticle dispersion coated with leucine.

The ability to make the same coating (in this case, leucine) by the heat treatment method or the acid-based method is such that, for example, certain activities such as protein are denatured by heat, but they are strong in pH concentration and other compounds are resistant to temperature changes, It is used to produce products that are hydrolyzed at pH concentrations.

Example 19

This embodiment prevents the inner constituents from contacting oxygen and the oxygen from foaming and dissolving in the external neutral material (here water).

An excess of 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-dimensional reversed-phase cubic material can be made by mixing 2.542 g of sunflower monoglycerides with 2.667 g of water. It removes 10 ^-9 structure nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse cubic phase material from this 0.60g.

Next, 0.037 g of DL-leucine and 0.497 g of 1M hydrogen chloride are mixed and dried. If that was added to 0.102g of water, and then creates a leucine hydrochloride solution was added to the nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse cubic phase material 0.60g of 10 ^-9 structure here ttinda the color of the methyl red dye.

The 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous reversed cubic material is dark yellow, but when sprayed onto the film, it turns red into crimson due to oxidation for about 3 minutes. The upper solution can be obtained by mixing 0.511 g of 1 M sodium hydroxide and 0.013 g of PLURONIC F-68 by mixing 2.435 water. Leucine-coated dispersion Methyl red microparticles are obtained by stratifying the upper solution on the liquid crystal and sonicating it. When F-68 is added or not, the solution of the methyl red solution in water should immediately be checked to see if it bubbles from yellow to crimson red. It can be seen that the microparticles of methyl-based red do not change color from yellow as they form bubbles, and in this experiment, the encapsulation of methyl-based red in the microparticle fluxes protects the methyl-based red from oxidation.

Particles with the ability to protect active compounds in contact with such oxygen, such as those produced here, are used to protect oxygen-sensitive compounds, such as iron corrosion, for example, for long periods of storage.

Example 20

In this embodiment it was used to replace the water the glycerol is substantially deprived of moisture from the dispersion with nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse cubic phase material and the external (continuous) coating of 10 ^-9 structure inside.

Dispersions of microparticles can be obtained using glycerol instead of water. That is, soy lecithin and oleyl alcohol are mixed at a ratio of 1: 1, and excess glycerol is added thereto, followed by centrifugation. Nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse cubic phase material 0.70g of the structure ^10-9 is then mixed with methyl paraben 0.081g. The upper solution can be obtained by adding ceripyridinium bromide to 2% level of glycerol. Nano-dimensional structure of the sealing structure 10 ^-9 and the mixture of the double continuous reverse cubic phase material, and methylparaben and heated to 120 ℃. Mix well and heat to 120 ℃ again. After cooling in cold water, the upper solution is stratified, so that the test tube is sealed with a twist cap and sonicated. The methyl parabens are then coated into the glycerol continuous phase in the microparticles. This glycerol dispersion is of interest for microencapsulation with water sensitive activity.

The use of microparticulate dispersions, as shown here, prevents water contact even after hydrolytically unstable activities within the various applications remove the coating.

Example 21

Zinc is similar to Example 6 above, which challenges the encapsulation of methylene blue but here the coating is potassium nitrate. The same dispersion is intended to challenge potassium dichromate.

The 10 ^-9 structured nanodimensional double continuous reversed cubic material is obtained by mixing 0.667 g of soy lecithin, 0.343 g of oleyl alcohol, and 0.738 g of glycerol, which have a methylene blue color. To 0.469 g of equilibrium add 0.225 g of potassium nitrate. PLURONIC F-68 at 2% level is added to the aqueous potassium nitrate solution centrifuged to obtain the upper solution.

It is stratified into liquefied crystals and sonicated until the liquefied crystals are dispersed into fine particles coated with potassium nitrate. The dispersion is light blue in color. Two experiments are used to prove that methylene blue is protected by the encapsulation of microparticles. About 1 ml of this dispersion is added to about 0.1 g of powdered zinc. When powdered zinc meets methylene blue in solution, it turns colorless. Shake well, place the mixture in a centrifuge, and centrifuge for 10 seconds. The mixture is simply centrifuged.

Taking this out in a centrifuge can inhibit the action from zinc, which determines the color of the particles containing methylene blue. It can be seen that the coated microparticles become slightly pale blue during the zinc treatment, indicating that they protect the methylene blue from zinc. Potassium dichromate is added to other isolates of the original light blue dispersion. This turns the methylene blue in the solution green without any signs of purplish brown when it meets potassium dichromate.

The coated particles of this example represent a cost-effective coating material potassium nitrate and protect the active compound from chemical sensitivities from external conditions, for example, of potential importance in inhibiting the growth of crops.

Example 22

Here is an example of microparticles with a selective penetration of the containing compound.

These particle-containing compounds, called so-called Werner composites, have the property of retaining a gap when foreign molecules are removed. Clathrate and compound coatings attract attention as selective porous coatings when the selectivity of degradation or absorption is based on the size, shape and polarity of the molecules.

The 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous reversed cubic material can be made by mixing 0.525 g of sunflower monoglycerides and 0.400 g of water. To this was added 0.039 g of manganese chloride (MnCl ₂ ) and 0.032 g of sodium thiocyanate. 0.147 g of 4-picoline (4-methylpyridine) and 2% PLURONIC F-68 aqueous solution can be mixed to obtain a top solution. When the upper solution is stratified with liquid crystals, the test tube is sealed and sonicated. The nanodimensional bicontinuous reversed phase cubic material of the 10 ^-9 structure is dispersed as fine particles coated with Mn (NCS) ₂ (4-MePy) ₄ , which is called a Werner mixture in the form of manganese.

In this embodiment the coating can be used to remove heavy metals from industrial water.

In this case, the coating turns into a porous crystal known as clathrate, which allows atomic ions to penetrate through the coating and into the cubic internal structure, using anionic sulfate or more selective chelate groups such as bipyridinium series. It has the ability to absorb ions extremely easily with high surface tension.

Such as having a permanent polarity is optimal. The selectivity of clathrate coatings is that traditional solvents such as polymers of activated carbon and macromolecular nets are reduced to solvent powder form due to the large compounds that bind heavy metal ions useful for the absorption site to enclose the coating.

Solvents are regenerated, protecting the molecules and the interior of the coating through ion exchange.

(This latter step would be an example of accidental publication.)

Example 23

Coated particles coated with the coating on the outside in this embodiment is subjected to a challenge of cyanide containing methyl paraben and having a special dye in a nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse cubic phase material of the structure 10 ^-9 cause discoloration when contacted with a dye . Because cyanide is extremely small, this experiment can't penetrate even the smallest ions.

The 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous reversed cubic material can be made by mixing 0.424 g of sunflower monoglycerides and 0.272 g of water. To this is added 0.061 g of methyl paraben and a little of dye-1 and 2-pyridairazo-2-naphthol. A 1% level cetylpyridinium bromide top solution is produced. The liquid crystals are heated in an oven at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, stirred vigorously, and heated again to cool with cold water. When the upper solution stratifies, seal the test tube and place it in the sonicator. This produces a microparticulate dispersion coated with a methyl paraben dispersion having a size of about 1 micron.

The use of copper cyanide shows that the dye protects it from contact with external materials. Regardless of the presence or absence of F-68, the addition of copper cyanide to the 1,2-pyridyirazo-2-naphthol solution turns orange to dark purple.

However, when copper cyanide is added to the dispersion of particles containing dye, the dye is protected by the contact of copper cyanide due to the methyl paraben coating and does not cause color change.

When measuring the time that copper ions diffuse into the center of a 1 micron particle, it is only a few seconds, but the coating is not removed from the particles, which does not protect the color from changing.

Active compounds that prevent ions from coming into contact with the external environment are used in the supply of medicines, for example, in the supply of complex electrolytes that are deactivated by chemical reactions in contact with polyvalent ions.

Example 24

In this example, the cyanide experiment was repeated on particles coated with potassium nitrate.

The 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous reversed cubic material can be made by mixing 0.434 g of sunflower monoglycerides and 0.215 g of water. 0.158 g of potassium nitrate and a small amount of dye-1 and 2-pyridyrazo-2-naphthol are added thereto. Centrifuged potassium nitrate produces a top solution of 1% cetylpyridinium bromide. The liquid crystals are heated in an oven at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, stirred vigorously, and heated again to cool with cold water. When the upper solution stratifies, seal the test tube and place it in the sonicator. Doing so produces a microparticulate dispersion coated with potassium nitrate. The addition of copper cyanide to the dispersion of particles containing the dye protects the dye from substantially contacting the copper cyanide with the potassium nitrate coating and produces a slight change in color.

This particle was utilized similarly to Example 23, but in this example a low cost potassium nitrate coating was used.

Example 25

The 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double continuous reversed cubic material can be prepared by mixing 0.913 g of soy lecithin (EPIKURON 200), 0.430 g of oleyl alcohol and 0.90 g of glycerol (excess glycerol).

Mix well and centrifuge. 0.50 g of nano-dimensional double continuous reversed phase cubic material of 10 ^-9 structure is removed and 0.050 g of dibasic sodium phosphate is added. 3 ml of 2% PLURONIC F-68 aqueous solution and 1% cetylpyridinium bromide are mixed with 0.10 g of calcium chloride to obtain the upper solution. When the upper solution is stratified with liquid crystal and sodium phosphate, seal the test tube and sonicate it. Doing so produces a microparticulate dispersion coated with calcium phosphate. Calcium phosphate coatings raise intrinsic interest in the biological context as calcium phosphate is a major component in skeletal, dental and other structural configurations.

Example 26

This example shows that the particles coated with magnesium carbonate in the examples retain their integrity when dry, ie when the external liquid phase dries. Therefore, the dry powder is produced when the inside is maintained as a liquid crystalline material containing a lot of moisture.

Preparation of "flow sorbitol compound". The original "flow sorbitol compound" is prepared as follows.

Add 11.50 g of sorbitol to a flask containing 110 g of fluid oil extracted from Chinese fluid oil from alno oil. When the flask is rinsed with argon, it is sealed, heated to 170 ° C and magnetically stirred. Add 3.6 g of potassium carbonate and stir at 170 ° C. for one hour. At this time, 3.4 g of 3-chloro-1, 2-propanediol are added and the mixture is cooled at room temperature. 75 ml of oily substance is taken from this reaction and 100 ml of acetone is added and centrifuged to separate a white dispersion. Next, 18 g of water and 100 ml of acetone are added and centrifuged to separate the oily precipitate at the bottom. 44 g of water is added and the bottom of the material is collected and removed. Finally, 20g of water adds oily sediment to the bottom and dries argon gas to dry it. Then, 50 ml of the liquid fatty acid ester sorbitol can be obtained, hereinafter referred to as "flow sorbitol product".

Example 26A. 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-dimensional reversed-phase cubic material can be prepared by centrifugation of 0.110 g of "flow sorbitol product" with 0.315 g of soy lecithin and 0.248 g of water. Add 0.085 g of potassium carbonate to it. The upper solution can be obtained by mixing PLURONIC F-68 0.118G and Magnesium Sulfate 0.147G with 5,34G of water. When the upper solution is stratified with liquid crystals, seal the test tube, shake, sonicate for 2 hours, and shake well again. This yields a milky dispersion of microparticles coated with magnesium carbonate oxide. In order to dissolve the excess inorganic crystals therein, the mixture is diluted with water 2 at the ratio of dispersion 1.

A drop of the dispersion on the slide surface of the microscope spreads gently, allowing it to dry. After drying for 10 seconds, the moisture outside the particles evaporates completely.

Under the microscope, the particles remain in shape and do not turn into amorphous droplets, as observed when the uncoated particles are dried in a similar way (such as when the dried liquid crystals turn into liquid).

Example 26B. The dispersion resulting from Example 26A is heated to 40 ° C.

According to the reverse phase reaction determined, it is a nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse cubic phase material in the internal phase 10 ^-9 structure at this temperature. This L2 phase contains oil, water and sulfuric acid called lecithin, so it is also a fine extract of ^10-9 structure.

Example 27

In this example receptor proteins are costs to cut the hydrogel is removed instead of in the matrix of the nano-dimensional structure of reverse-phase dual-continuous cubic phase material of 10 ^-9 structure coated particles in the inner core of the particles coated with magnesium carbonate. The coating of particles is used to protect the receptor protein during transport and storage and is easily removed by washing with water before use. This example and Example 28 predict the use of coated particles in the present invention, ie the coated particles of the present invention using hydrogel beads.

0.470 g of soy lecithin (EPIKURON 200), 0.183 g of "flow sorbitol" and 0.359 g of water are mixed. 0.112 g of potassium carbonate is added thereto. Centrifugation for several hours separates the excess aqueous liquor. In the structure and function of the cell membrane (P. Eagle ed. 1992. pp. 1046-1106), the preparation of serotonicotinyl acetylcholine was prepared according to the protocol proposed by L. Radial and MG McNami. In preparation, 50 micrograms of receptor protein is contained in 50 microliters of lipid. Most of this is Direolephosphatidylcholine (DOPC). (Residues is other membrane lipid components, such as other phospholipids, cholesterol) prepared both by ^10-9 gives added to the nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse cubic phase material and a mixture of potassium carbonate structure. Stir the whole mixture well enough until no precipitate is formed. The upper solution is made by mixing 0.328 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.324 g of PLURONIC F-68 and 0.0722 g of cetylpyridinium bromide with 20.02 g of water. When stratified in a test tube containing a 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double continuous reversed cubic material having a 10-9 structure with a receptor added to 5 g of the upper solution, the test tube is sealed, shaken, and sonicated for two hours. This produces a dispersion of receptor-containing microparticles coated with magnesium hydrogen carbonate. It forms practical debris ranging in size from 0.5 microns to 1 micron.

The microparticles are fixed in polyacrylamide hydrogels.

Acrelimide (0.296 g), methylene-based acrimide (0.024 g) as catalyst, ammonium sulfate (0.005 g) as initiator, tetramethylethylene diamine (TMED 0.019 g) as auxiliary initiator, within 30 minutes Acroamide is linked to the hydrogel, turning into porima. Microscopic examination of the flakes of the hydrogels reveals highly concentrated microparticles as in the original dispersion.

The hydrogel can be stripped into pieces of debris on the order of 30 microns.

This can be achieved by compressing the hydrogel with a 40 micron mesh.

Example 28

In this embodiment the receptor protein is separated within the inner core of the potassium carbonate coated particles of the invention and the coated particles are instead fixed with hydrogel beads. Beads bearing receptors can be used as experiments to combine activities by radiometric methods performed at UC Davis.

0.470 g of soy lecithin (EPIKURON 200), 0.185 g of "flow sorbitol" and 0.368 g of water are mixed. Add 0.198 g of potassium nitrate and mix the contents well. As described in the previous example, torpedonicotin acetylcholine is prepared. In preparation, 50 micrograms of receptor protein is contained in 50 microliters of lipid. Most of this is Direolephosphatidylcholine (DOPC). Inserting the prepared solution in the nano-dimensional structure 25㎎ double continuous reverse cubic phase material and a mixture of potassium carbonate and 10 ^-9 structure gives enough stir until well mixed. The upper solution is made by mixing 6.028 g of potassium nitrate solution with 0.128 g of PLURONIC F-68 and 0.015 g of cetylpyridinium bromide. The mixture of 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double continuous reversed phase cubic material and potassium nitrate was heated to 40 ° C. to dissolve potassium nitrate and cooled in water at 10 ° C. for 10 minutes. When the upper solution is stratified in a test tube containing a 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double continuous reversed cubic material with a receptor, the test tube is sealed, shaken and sonicated for two hours. This produces a dispersion of receptor-containing microparticles coated with potassium carbonate. It forms practical debris ranging in size from 0.3 microns to 1 micron.

The microparticles are fixed in polyacrylamide hydrogels.

Acrelimide (0.365 g), methylene-based acrimide (0.049 g) as catalyst, 2% ammonium sulfate solution (0.005 g) as initiator, and tetramethylethylene diamine (TMED 0.011 g) as auxiliary initiator are added to the dispersion. Within a few hours, acramide links to the hydrogel, which turns into porima. Microscopic examination of the flakes of the hydrogels reveals highly concentrated microparticles (except around the lowest layer of the hydrogel) as in the original dispersion.

The hydrogel can be stripped into pieces of debris on the order of 30 microns.

This can be achieved by compressing the hydrogel with a 40 micron mesh. At the size of 40 microns, it can be seen that the time for small molecules to diffuse into the microfragment is one second or less, which does not give a meaningful impact on the receptor described below.

Using one label of Bangalotoxin as a lipid allows analysis using a 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous reversed-phase cubic material and the fixed acetylcholine receptors just described. (Which is described in the standard analysis of the results from a publication of Dr. Mark McNamee group.) When the results of the nano-structure 10 ^{-9-dimensional} structure double continuous reverse cubic phase material and fixed acetylcholine receiving machine is measured in standard receptor Materials Binds Bangalotoxin at about 70%.

Example 29

It is characterized by the binding of proteins not only through fixation but also in cycles (more than two months) between the date of preparation and the date of experiment.

Performing Examples 26-28 shows that the particles are applied in biochemical analysis and that the stability is greatly improved in the ribosomes used mainly. This is inconvenient due to inherent instability. This analysis has important implications for clinical diagnosis, as in drug extraction.

As in Example 22 above, this example produces cladated particles.

In this embodiment, the ^{nanodimensional} structure of the 10-9 structure dual continuous reversed phase cubic material turns into forima due to the effect of oxygen (but not the passage of moisture) through the coating.

Extracting krill shrimp phosphatidylcholine from Alabama's Birmingham avenue polar lipids yields lecithin derived from krill shrimp. 0.220 g of this lecithin is mixed with 0.110 g of "flow sorbitol", 0.220 g of water, 0.005 g of cobalt dye containing a cobalt naphthenic compound (available from Groumbacher's product supplier) and 0.30 g of potassium cyanide. This produces a green, 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous inverse cubic material. The upper solution is made by mixing 0.309 g of manganese chloride, 0.105 g of 4-picoline (4-methylpyridine), 0.113 g of PLURONIC F-68, and 0.021 g of cetylpyridinium bromide with 5.10 g of water. When the upper solution is stratified in a 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double continuous reversed phase cubic material, the test tube is sealed and shaken and sonicated with ultrasonic bath water with ice. Green 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous reversed cubic material disperses into microparticles, turning the color brown. After two hours, practically all ^10-9 structured nanodimensional double-continuous inverse cubic material is dispersed on the particles, most of which are submicron in size. The coating is a Werner compound, following an array with passages that allow the absorption or passage of oxygen molecules. Highly krillicitin unsaturates, like fluid sorbitol products, make it impossible for this microencapsulated ^10-9 structured nanodimensional double-continuous inverted cubic material to contact the oxygen in the atmosphere to form a porima by the catalysis of a cobalt dryer. do.

The clasrate mentioned in this example has been described in Example 22.

Example 30

In this example, the ^{nanodimensional} structured dual continuous inverse hexagonal material of the 10 ^-9 structure is dispersed.

10 ^-9 nanodimensional structure nanodimensional structure The dual continuous reversed phase hexagonal material can be made by mixing 0.369 g of soy lecithin (EPIKURON 200), 0.110 g of sorbitan trioleate and 0.370 g of glycerol. Nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse hexagonal phase material of the structure ^10-9 and mix Magnesium sulfate 0.054g. The upper solution can be obtained by mixing 5 g of water with 0.10 g of potassium carbonate, 0.10 g of PLURONIC F-68 and 0.02 g of cetylpyridinium bromide. When the upper solution is layered on the 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous inverted hexagonal material, seal the test tube, shake and sonicate for one hour. Magnesium hydrogen carbonate coated microparticles then disperse most of the 10 ^-9 structured nanodimensional double-continuous inverted hexagonal material. The dimension of the polarity present in the inverted hexagonal phase has a single kinetic property. It is useful for the supply of controlled drugs.

Example 31

Unlike most of the examples described above, the ^10-9 structured nanodimensional bicontinuous inverse hexagonal material dispersed in this example does not equilibrate with the excess even though it is soluble.

Soy Lecithin (0.412 g). When rinse oil (0.159 g) and glycerol (0.458 g) are mixed well, a nano-dimensional double-continuous inverse hexagonal material of 10 ^-9 structure can be obtained at room temperature. Nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse hexagonal phase material of the structure ^10-9 is a magnesium sulfate 0.059g.

The upper solution can be obtained by mixing 5 g of water with 0.010 g of potassium carbonate, 0.10 g of PLURONIC F-68 and 0.02 g of cetylpyridinium bromide. When the upper solution is stratified on a 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous inverse hexagonal material, seal the test tube, shake and sonicate for 30 minutes.

Magnesium bicarbonate-coated microparticles then disperse most of the 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous inverse hexagonal material.

The ability to disperse a ^10-9 structured material that is not in equilibrium with the excess number extends the chemical range available in the present invention. This flexibility is of particular significance for claim application conditions, such as the supply of drugs for which the majority of the product range must be met simultaneously.

Example 32

In this embodiment, a thin film material having a 10 ^-9 structure is dispersed while causing a chemical reaction process.

Thin film materials with a 10 ^-9 structure are made by mixing 0.832 g of soy lecithin (EPIKURON 200) with 0.666 g of water. About 0.80 g of this ^10-9 structured thin film material is mixed with 0.057 g of magnesium sulfate. The upper solution can be obtained by mixing 5 g of water with 0.10 g of potassium carbonate, 0.10 g of PLURONIC F-68 and 0.02 g of cetylpyridinium bromide. If the upper solution is layered on a thin film of 10 ^-9 structure, seal the test tube, shake and sonicate for 5 minutes. As a result, most of the 10 ^-9 structured thin film material is dispersed by the fine particles coated with magnesium hydrogen carbonate.

The particles of this example have a structural relationship with forima encapsulated liposomes. However, it is not subject to the strict chemical conditions to produce forima encapsulated liposomes. The ability to produce thin, grain-coated particles with a wide range of crystal coatings under smooth conditions under one-step conditions makes current inventions important for controlled pharmaceutical supply.

Example 33

Free base preparation. Copper and hydrogen red maintain the form of hydrogen chloride added with protons. In each case this salt is dissolved in water in a 1: 1 molecular ratio of sodium chloride and water. Mixing the two aqueous solutions produces a precipitate washed with water (by removing NaCl and unreacted NaOH) which is centrifuged and dried from free base to melting point.

^10-9 Preparation of nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse cubic phase material of the structure. Form of dispersion starting with the following mixture.

Glycerol Monooleate (GMO) 0.417g

Glycerol 0.191g

0.044 g of copper copper (or neutral red in free base form)

Typical ilhyeong glyceride-water containing ^10-9 structure nano-dimensional structure in place of the continuous dual reverse cubic phase material ilhyeong of glyceride-glycerol ^10-9 structure nano-dimensional structure of the double continuous reverse cubic phase material was used in this embodiment.

The upper solution is made by dissolving 2% PLURONIC F-68 in water.

Weigh the ingredients, transfer to a test tube and stir well with a test rod. The sealed test tube (with a twist cap) is placed in an oven and heated to 140 ° C. for 20 minutes. This can be used to measure the dissolution of the copper copper hydride (or neutral red base).

The tubes are immersed in water at room temperature or lower (about 10 ° C.) and at room temperature. In both cases no difference occurs in the dispersion.

Immersion of the sample in cold water for 5 minutes results in a significantly higher viscosity coefficient representing a 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous inverse cubic material. In some cases, the polarity of the sample relative to optical isotropy can be observed. (The crystalline coating area is very similar to the wavelength of light in that it is small enough not to affect the optical properties.)

Pour the upper PLURONIC solution into the test tube until it is half full. Hold and shake the test tube and use a mechanical mixer. As the solution is opaque and dispersed until getting lumps disappear ^10-9 nano-dimensional structure double continuous reverse cubic phase material in the structure of the state.

SEM characteristics. Preparation of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) does not reveal what fixation techniques are involved. A drop of dispersion is added to the glass slide and a thin (about 2 nm) carbon film is coated to prevent charge effects by evaporating moisture. The sample is left to stand for 5 minutes in a vacuum of 5 x 10 ^-4 Torr before the heat is released from the heating system. This is an experiment to measure the strength of the particle coating. The scanning electron microscope used was a Hitachi S-800 clinically released SEM using a voltage of 25 kV.

Figure 3 is an observation of a dispersion of copper ethylhydrogen, with particles having a diameter of 0.5 to 2 microns. (The lower half is a 10x magnification of the quadrangle at the top half, 500 times on the top and 5,000 times on the bottom.)

The majority of the particles show a plural facet.

The measured particle size distribution of this sample shows that particles are present between 0.5 and 2 microns in diameter in this dispersion, which is consistent with the size of the particles seen in the micrographs.

The thickness of the 0.5 micron particle copper-coated ethylhydrogen coating is about 10 nm, which is sufficient to protect the liquid components inside the particles from evaporation under vacuum of 0.5 Torr.

In this dispersion, the nano-dimensional double-continuous reversed cubic material of 10 ^-9 structure is added with lithium sulfate as a reference before dispersion, in which the EDX spectrum of the particles shows the peak of sulfur. Lithium cannot be detected with the EDX used, and other peaks in the spectrum can be estimated with glass incubators.

4 is a micrograph of a neutral red dispersion. All particles have a size of 0.3 to 1 micron.

Size distribution of molecules. The Melbourne 3600E Laser Diffractometer was used to measure the distribution. The concentrations were greatly diluted to avoid dispersion in multiple drops by dropping several drops into the carrier solution (water) to measure each dispersion.

The size of the particles was measured by the diameter of the same amount of spheres, which was a good measure considering the multi-sided shape of the particles. (See below.) The instrument can measure molecules at least 0.5 microns in size and record distribution data down to at least 0.5 microns.

The particle size distribution of the dispersion prepared in the GMO copper cuprohydrogen and 13: 1 ratio is shown in FIG. 5. As generally increasing the structure of the nano-dimensional structure 10 ^-9 double continuous reverse phase cubic crystal ratio of the coating agent in the material to increase the size of the molecule. The data for this dispersion shows the volume of the average base, with 10% of the particles having a particle size of 0.6 microns or less. This can be expressed through the equation D (v.0.1) = 0.6 micron.

The intolerance of the distribution can be indicated in two directions. First, D (v.0.9) and D (v.0.1) are two factors, respectively, from the mean value (volume-weight) of D (v.0.5) = 1.2 micron.

Second, the "span" representing the width of the distribution is as follows.

span = ｛D (v.0.9) -D (v.0.1)｝ / D (v.0.5) becomes 1.4. This result indicates a significantly lower cohesion.

The intolerance of the distribution indicates a dispersion with GMOs. 1 for neutral red.

The span is given as 1.1 and the size distribution of the undifferentiated particles is quite sharp, falling sharply beyond 2 microns.

The small particle size was determined as a dispersion with a low GMO, i.e. copper copper, with a span of 1.2, an average of 0.8 microns.

The size of the particles can be expressed as a ratio of the crystalline coating formulation of the nanodimensional structured dual continuous reversed phase cubic material having a 10 ^-9 structure. As the ratio decreases, the particle size decreases.

Micro angle X-ray transmission (SAXS). This was used to verify the fact that the interior of the particles of the copper hydride dispersion was a nanodimensional double continuous reversed phase cubic material of 10 ^-9 structure. The dispersion itself is not a particle concentrate, but adds a 1.5 mm x-ray capillary tube delivered to Dr. Stephen Hue's lab from the Physiology Department at Rosewell Park Cancer Center. The SAXS camera is mounted on a rotating anode and measured at a voltage of 4kW at 100kV and 40mV.

Data are collected using a linear phase sensitivity tracker connected to the electronics of the neutron multichannel analyzer. MCA has the capacity of 8192 channels but 2.048 resolution is used to increase the coefficients per channel. Since 10% of the debris of the 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double-continuous reversed cubic material in the dispersion (approximately 85% of the particle volume) is present, counting counts per hour are used.

"PCA" patchage was used for data analysis.

6 shows the measured SAXS concentration versus waveform vector q component ratio. The waveform vector q is related to the diffraction angle θ and the wavelength λ of the x-ray shown in the following equation.

q = 4π (sinθ) / λ

The d-space is calculated as the q value of Bragg reflection of the equation

d = 2π / q

In Fig. 6, a given vertical line in a lattice having a Pn3m spatial group and a lattice coefficient of 7.47 nm yields an accurate Bragg peak position. This spatial group is well established in mono-oriental aqueous systems, particularly in the nanodimensional double-continuous reversed cubic material of the ^10-9 structure when present in the equilibrium with excess numbers. (In nano-dimensional structure of reverse-phase dual-continuous cubic phase material of the structure ^10-9 is water balanced with the number actually displayed is greater than the substantially exclusive space group Pn3m).

Mono duck frozen aqueous ^10-9 nano-dimensional lattice coefficient of double continuous reverse cubic phase material of the structure having a space group Pn3m are close to 8nm. A more accurate comparison is not possible in this case because of the replacement of glycerol for water. In any case, shape and size of the grid is detected in this SAXS scan are exactly follow the data array of ilhyeong glycerides ^10-9 structure nano-dimensional structure of the double continuous reverse cubic phase material.

Miller index (hkl) and h ² + k ² + l ² for the permissible positions in space group Pn3m are (110), 2; (111) .3; (200), 4; (211), 6; ( 220), 8; 221, 9; 222, 12; and more.

Looking at the data and peak position expectations, the peaks at positions 110 and 220 are strongly supported by the data. The (111) peak appears as the shoulder portion of the (110) peak on the right side of the scan and shows a small but distinct peak on the left.

The 200 peak is supported at least on the right side of the scan. This peak is inferior to the (110) and (111) phases of the monoglyceride Pn3m phase, and this phenomenon is generally followed by theoretical amplification calculations on the Pn3m phase. P. and Anderson. D.M. (1992) Langmuir, 8: 691].

(211) The peak is supported by the data on the left side of the scan and 221 is supported by the data on the right side.

Resulting in 211 and 222 10 ^-9 structure nano-dimensional structure double continuous low concentration (10%) of the reverse phase of the cubic phase material in the dispersion, or the peak of the peak intensity is weak between. This is because the intensity of the transmitted x-rays varies with the concentration of the angle of the volume concentration. Nevertheless, the lattice and lattice coefficients deduced with the critical peaks and character-related systems in (110) and (222) indicate that the SAXS data represents a nano-dimensional, dual-continuous, inverse cubic material of 10 ^-9 structure inside the particle. Strongly support the conclusion.

Such particles are useful for making, for example, controlled fungicides for oral cleaning. This is because the solubility of the two coatings at a slightly lower pH (about 5 levels) makes delivery priorities within the optimal range at the site of bacteria activity.

Example 34

Fast Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to characterize completeness under shear and compression for both dispersions. Hard coatings—copper iron cyanide, and the other, were chosen for coatings that are soft and can be easily removed. The latter plays an essential role as a control agent to quantitatively release the pressure of harder coatings. In other words, if the concentration of the recorder in the two dispersions is about the same and the release of the recorder is a small fragment in a rigid system, the release of the recorder in a flexible system is χ% (χ is less than 100). Only χ% of the particles are destroyed under pressure and the remaining (100-χ)% remains intact during HPLC. (In fact, this 100-χ% is below the limit. The percentage of original solid particles will be higher if some fragments of the controlled soft particles are found to be remotely controlled but remain intact. In any case, it is calculated by estimating the worst case scenario, assuming that all control particles are destroyed.)

Preparation of the Dispersion.

Example 34A. The nanodimensional double continuous reversed phase cubic material of 10 ^-9 structure is made by mixing 0.499 g of soy lecithin, 0.163 g of oleyl alcohol, 0.900 g of glycerol, and 0.124 g of capsaicin.

Nano-dimensional structure 0.043g of sodium chloride in double continuous reverse cubic phase material 0.842g of 10 ^-9 structure in this system is added. The upper solution is made by dropping a drop of 1 M hydrochloric acid into 3.00 g of pH 5 phosphate buffer. When the upper solution is stratified with liquid crystalline material, the test tube is sealed and sonicated to form a milky dispersion of fine particles.

Example 34B. The 10 ^-9 nanodimensional double continuous reversed phase cubic material is made by mixing 0.329 g of soy lecithin, 0.108 g of oleyl alcohol, 0.611 g of glycerol, and 0.105 g of capsaicin. To this, 0.046 g of copper sulfate is added. The upper solution is made by mixing 2.54 g of water with 0.563 g of 10% potassium cyanide solution. When the upper solution is stratified with liquid crystalline material, the test tube is sealed and sonicated to form a milky dispersion of fine particles coated with copper cyanide.

The concentration of the recording agent, mainly using capsaicin, can be compared with the two samples.

The final concentration of the copper cyanide dispersion is 2.44%, which is a 30% difference compared to 3.19% of Example 34B, which explains the calculation below.

Pure capsacin analysis by HPLC takes 22 minutes of extraction. (Unknown data)

Under these same conditions, prepare and analyze the above two dispersions. Data for the particles of Example 34B is shown in FIG. 7 and data for copper cyanide is shown in FIG. 8. Tables 1 and 2 show the integrated peaks corresponding to FIGS. 7 and 8 as relatively results from HPLC computers. The sample rate is 5 Hz.

In Fig. 7 a clear peak appears during the 22 min extraction time. Table 13 shows the combined strength of this peak at 3.939,401. A very similar peak can be seen in FIG. 8 for 22 minutes. (10 recorded by computer) and Table 2 shows the strength of 304.929.

If this integrated peak is 3.939,401 / 0.0319 for two samples, normalized at 304.929 / 0.0244 for copper cyanide, then the ratio of normal peak strength for Example 34B of copper cyanide is 0.101. And capsaicin transcript is released in up to 10.1% copper cyanide particles under HPLC analysis conditions.

These particles have a mineral coating with high aqueous solubility, creating potential utility within the claimed conditions of releasing the particle coating with strong shear stress.

At the same time it also protects the coating from emissions due to simple dilution by water.

Such applications can be found in places where they interfere with rodents, such as capsaicin or rodent toxins, and contain encapsulated particles where protection from damage to wires, cardboard boxes and other rodents is required. Rodent damage can be reduced by deactivation or toxins. Low water solubility protects against premature release blockers from wet conditions.

TABLE 1 Integrated peak strength corresponding to FIG. 7 in HPLC analysis of Example 34B particles containing capsaicin. Peak # 13 is the main capsaicin peak.

Climax

1 2914

2 8096

3 2848

4 29466

5 11304

6 2254

7 12871

8 4955

9 124833

10 113828

11 19334

12 7302

13 3939401

14 39153

15 255278

16 755868

17 52623

18 19395

19 4899

20 10519

21 5102

22 1481

23 344230

24 9971

25 194442

26 89831

27 80603

28 105163

29 186224

30 194020

31 36805

32 2115

33 23296

34 4327

35 5166

36 90236

37 62606

38 44523

39 110347

40 4391

41 1275597

42 1353000

43 238187

Table 2. Integrated peak strength corresponding to FIG. 8 in HPLC analysis of copper cyanide containing capsaicin. Peak # 10 is the main capsaicin peak.

Climax

1 1681172

2 3011240

3 106006

4 2760

5 59059

6 38727

7 163539

8 44 134

9 6757

10 304929

11 10466

12 1441800

13 332742

14 14442

15 6996

16 15008

17 11940

19 91446

20 250214

21 251902

22 203000

23 44658

24 110901

25 24296

26 19633

27 25527

28 15593

29 75442

30 40245

31 421437

Example 35

Nanodimensional cubic liquid crystals are made by adding 0.11 g of zeolite chloride to a mixture of 0.77 g soy lecithin (EPIKURON 200), 0.285 g oleyl alcohol, 0.84 g glycerin. To balance this mixture it is only necessary to stir it mechanically without heating. 0.595 g of this mixture becomes cloudy as it moves along the bottom, accounting for almost half of the inside of the test tube. The upper solution is made by dissolving 0.14 g of ferrous chloride and 0.04 g of PLURONIC F-68 in 1.74 g of distilled water. After plating the supernatant solution, the test tube containing the cubic phase is sonicated to disperse the plated ultrafine particles. There is a super solution in the examples, including F-68, but the ferric chloride is not sonicated as in the first example and does not cause dispersion of the ultrafine particles. The reaction between ferric chloride and ferric chloride results in precipitation of non-thin crystalline gold elements, which in the first embodiment produces ultrafine particles that are stacked with gold with a cubic interior.

A mixture of glycerin and water with a density of about 1.2 g / cc is mixed with 0.62 g of glycerin and 0.205 g of water and then about 0.1 g is separated and centrifuged again. The actual subdivision of the ultrafine particles occurs after centrifugation for 3 hours at the bottom of the test tube, which shows that the concentration of this element exceeds 1.2. This is for plating; when the cubic phase is below 1.2, the unseparated cubic part may be centrifuged in a band of lower concentration than the original separation during centrifugation, which is more concentrated than when the solution was originally separated. Shows weakness.

Gold is well known as a chemically inert material and is a very good mechanical tool when forming thin films.

It is known through various strokes that molecules plated by the FDA can be used safely to make environmentally friendly articles claiming chemically and physically stable coatings. In addition, such molecules can be effective in treating arthritis by proving that gold is wider and thinner than other colloidal forms.

Example 36

The nanodimensional liquid phase containing the antitumor drug paxilitaxel is 0.045 g paxalitaxel, 0.57 g eugenol, 0.615 g soy lecithin (EPIKURON 200), 0.33 g glycerin , 0.06 g of copper nitrate and 0.61 g of methanol, where methanol is distilled while stirring in a distillation pan. A glycerin-rich super solution is made by dissolving 0.09 g of potassium iodide, 0.05 g of PLURONIC F-68, 0.44 g of water and 1.96 g of glycerin. After plating the upper phase, the regime is centrifuged to separate the paxalitaxel content and to coat the nanodimensional liquid phase with iodide crystals into the ultrafine particles. The specification or change of inactive excipients (except paxalitaxel) may be of importance for the manufacture of paclitaxel for cancer treatment, since the substances included here have been selected as generally proven to be safe in the pharmaceutical process. . Putting paclitaxel inside a molecule is very high, almost 3 wt /%, in which case a precipitate of paclitaxel inside each molecule can occur when paclitaxel dissolves in a cubic phase with high transportability. have. However, studies show that precipitation occurs very late and can take hours or even days. In fact, paclitaxel remains in solution during the production of the molecules. Therefore, limiting paclitaxel in plated molecules prevents the formation of large crystals (meaning larger than 1 micron). If the concentration of paclitaxel drops below 0.75% in this system, the dissolution of paclitaxel is very stable, ie thermodynamically balanced. Precipitation is all limited and the ultrafine particles of this invention coated with non-thin iodide crystals can be produced as described in this example. Thus, this system provides some examples of how paclitaxel could be used to treat cancer.

Example 37

Cubic liquids containing paclitaxel consist of 0.345 g soy lecithin (EPIKURON 200), 0.357 g anisol, 0.26 g water, 0.02 g paclitaxel, quickly put into a test tube to achieve a balanced state, and then stir vigorously 1 Add to boiling water for minutes and let cool at room temperature. To make the coating, stir together the 0.07 g profile gallate and heat the test tube again in boiling water. The first thing to check is that the profile gallate should not dissolve in its cubic phase clearly at room temperature. In practice, however, dissolution must occur at 100 degrees. The supernatant solution consists of 2.25 g of 2% PLURONIC F-68 solution. The profiled gallate cubic phase is heated to 100 degrees Celsius and then cooled to 80 degrees. Stir to raise temperature and heat to 100 degrees again. After cooling the mixture for 30 seconds, the supernatant is plated on this mixture. The test tube is then placed in a centrifuge for 1 hour. This is then plated with a profile gallate and the interior is separated from ultrafine particles, including paclitaxel. The isolate is very densely packed with very fine ultrafine particles. (Molecular diameter is less than 0.4 micron.)

It can be seen 1000 times magnified by Brownian motion; the distribution of the entire molecule is very wide, some of which are 1-2 microns. Only paclitaxel precipitated in the form of very small needles is observed and almost all molecules are inside the ultrafine particles. Condensation of paclitaxel in this example is sufficient to say that its dissolution is metastable. This implies the meaning discussed in the previous embodiment. About 2% of antitumor paclitaxel is condensed inside the molecule. And what constitutes that is on the FDA list of proven inactive superiors for oral administration. And it can be used for almost injections. This construct is also very important as a construct of oral medications for the treatment of cancer.

Example 38

Polysirenoxide-polypropylene oxide, which is affinity for both aqueous and oily solvents, produces 1.655 g of the synthetic polymer PLURONIC F-68 (also known as POLOXAMER), which is mixed with 0.705 g of eugenol and 2.06 g of water. Two materials are formed by centrifugation, where the lower material is the liquid phase of the nanodimensional structure and the upper material is the cubic phase of the nanodimensional structure. 0.68 g of the liquid crystalline phase is removed and 0.05 g of sodium iodine compound is added thereto. A drop of eugenol, along with 0.14 g of silver nitrate, is added to 2.48 g of the lower phase to maintain the lower viscosity and this nanodimensional liquid phase and to separate the supernatant solution from the liquid crystal phase. Therefore, the liquid phase is plated on the liquid crystal containing the iodine compound and the mixture is centrifuged for 1.5 hours. The results were separated from molecules coated with iodine and silver from external media in nanodimensional liquid phases.

This example demonstrates that a liquid crystalline phase of nanodimensional structure can be used on the inside of the matrix for the molecules of the present invention based on the block synthetic polymer. In this case, water is the polystyrene block of the block synthetic polymer. It can be used as a dissolving agent to dissolve it. In addition, the eugenol may dissolve a polysirenoxide block of a block synthetic polymer that is insoluble in water.

This embodiment illustrates the general approach mentioned above. That is, the nanodimensional structural phase as a mixture is used as a super solution and demonstrates half of B reacting with half of A to cause precipitation of the egg coating coating material inside the phase. In this case, B is silver nitrate, which means that a precipitate occurs when it meets inside of matrix A containing silver iodide sodium nitrate. As mentioned above, in general, the choice of this super solution is to balance with the internal matrix or in this case the only way to break this equilibrium is to use less than 0.5% or about 0.01 g of eugenol in the super solution. Add a drop or so. In this approach, it is useful to select the interior of the matrix, which is a much more viscous material than a relatively low viscosity super solution.

Many modifications and variations of the invention appear to have been made without departing from the scope and spirit of the existing invention. The invention is not limited to the specific structure and details described herein. However, it includes modifications as are found in the appended claims. The specific visualization already described is presented by way of example only and the invention is limited only by the terminology of the appended claims.

Claims (57)

1. Coated particles comprising a. an inner core comprising essentially the following matrix; Iii. Liquid phase with at least one nanodimensional structure Ii. At least one nano-dimensional liquid crystal phase, or Iii. (1) at least one nano-dimensional liquid phase and (2) Combination of liquid crystal phases of at least one nanodimensional structure b. The outer is an outer coating containing a non-thin crystal The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the liquid material of the nanodimensional structure includes the following. a. Liquid material of nanodimensional structure L1 b. Liquid material of nanodimensional structure L2 c. Ultra-mini emulsion of nano-dimensional structure, or d. Liquid material with nanodimensional structure L3 The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the nanodimensional structured liquid crystal material comprises a. Common nanodimensional structures or different cubic materials b. Normal nanodimensional structures or phases of different hexagonal materials c. General nanodimensional structure or different media d. Nano-Dimensional Thin Film Phase The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the steel-like material having the nanodimensional structure includes the following ones. a. Ionized solvent, and b. Surfactants or lipids, The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the liquid material having the molecular nanodimensional structure includes the following. a.Ionized solvent b. Surfactants or lipids and c. Amphiphilic compound or hydrophobe The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the liquid material having a nanodimensional structure includes the following. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the liquid material having a nanodimensional structure includes the following. a. Block copolymers, b. Solvent The coated molecule of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline material of the nanodimensional structure comprises: a.ionized solvent and, b. Surfactant The coated molecule of claim 1, wherein the nanodimensional structure of the liquid crystalline material comprises the following. a.ionized solvent b. surfactants and c. amphiphilic compounds or hydrophobic The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the nanodimensional structured liquid crystalline material comprises the following. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the nanomaterial-like pattern material comprises: a. block copolymer and b. solvent The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the inner core comprises an active agent interposed in a matrix. The coated particle of claim 10, wherein the active agent comprises capsaicin The coated particle of claim 10, wherein the active agent comprises capsaicin. The coated particle of claim 10, wherein the active agent comprises a photodynamic therapeutic agent. The coated particle of claim 10, wherein the active agent comprises a water soluble protein. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the inner core comprises a reverse cubic material. 18. The coated particle of claim 17, wherein the inner core comprises an active agent in the matrix. The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises paclitaxel. The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises capsaicin The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises a photodynamic therapeutic agent. The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises core acid. The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises glycolipids. The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises an amino acid The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises a polypeptide. The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises a protein. The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises an anti-tumor therapeutic agent. The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises an antihypertensive agent. The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises an erosion inhibitor. The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises pheromone. The coated particle of claim 18, wherein the active agent comprises a water soluble protein. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the matrix comprises a material having physicochemical properties of the biofilm. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the biofilm material comprises a physiologically active polypeptide material. 33. The coated particle of claim 32, wherein the matrix comprises a polyketide or a protein immobilized in a biofilm. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the outer coating comprises a non-thin film crystalline material that dissolves at about 10 g or less per liter. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the outer coating comprises a composite. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the outer coating comprises a composite. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the outer coating comprises a zeolite material. Method for producing a coated particle comprising the following. an inner core comprising a matrix consisting essentially of the following: 액상. Liquid phase with at least one nanodimensional structure Ii. Liquid crystal phase of at least one nanodimensional structure, or Iii. Combination of (1) at least one nano-dimensional liquid phase and (2) Combination of liquid crystal phases of at least one nanodimensional structure b.provide the volume of said matrix with at least one chemical species comprising a first part capable of making a non-thin film crystalline material and a second part appearing in reaction with said first part and said second part An outer coating comprising a non-thin crystal having a fluid containing at least one chemical species that simultaneously subdivides the volume into particles using a correlation of the volume and energy in a reaction. Method for producing coated particles comprising a. inner core comprising a matrix consisting essentially of: Iii. Liquid phase with at least one nanodimensional structure Ii. At least one nano-dimensional liquid crystal phase, or Iii. (1) at least one nano-dimensional liquid phase and (2) Combination of liquid crystal phases of at least one nanodimensional structure b. The non-thin crystalline material which provides the volume of the matrix with the non-thin crystalline material dissolved therein, prevents it from dissolving in the manlyx, and subdivides the volume into particles using the correlation between the volume and energy. External coating comprising a. Coated methods of a. An inner core having a matrix consisting of: Iii. Liquid phase with at least one nanodimensional structure Ii. At least one nano-dimensional liquid crystal phase, or Iii. (1) at least one nano-dimensional liquid phase and (2) Combination of liquid crystal phases of at least one nanodimensional structure b.provide a volume of said matrix with at least one chemical species consisting of a non-thin crystalline material dissolved therein and a first part capable of making said non thin crystalline material and a second part which is reacted with it At least one of causing the non-thin film crystalline material to subdivide the volume into particles and dissolve in the matrix using the correlation between the volume and energy simultaneously with the reaction of the first and second portions. An outer coating comprising the non-thin film crystalline material in contact with the volume having a fluid containing a chemical species of Method for preparing coated particles consisting of a. an inner core having a matrix consisting essentially of Iii. Liquid phase with at least one nanodimensional structure Ii. At least one nano-dimensional liquid crystal phase, or Iii. (1) at least one nano-dimensional liquid phase and (2) Combination of liquid crystal phases of at least one nanodimensional structure b. The volume of the matrix having at least one chemical species consisting of a non-thin crystalline material dissolved therein and a first part capable of producing a second non thin crystalline material and a second part reacting therewith. At least at the same time as the non-thin film crystalline material which provides a volume and energy relationship at the same time as the reaction of the first and second portions to subdivide the volume into particles and prevent them from dissolving in the matrix. An outer coating comprising the non-thin film crystalline material in contact with the volume having a fluid containing one chemical species How to Use Coated Particles Including a. an inner core comprising a matrix consisting essentially of: Iii. Liquid phase with at least one nanodimensional structure Ii. Liquid crystal phase of at least one nanodimensional structure or Iii. A combination of the two (1) a liquid phase of at least one nanodimensional structure, (2) liquid crystal phase of at least one nanodimensional structure b. an internal coating comprising a non-thin film crystalline material adapted to adsorb the adsorbent material and to place it in an intermediate solution having an adsorbable material How to Use Coated Molecules Including a. An inner core comprising a matrix consisting essentially of the following; Iii. Liquid phase of at least one nanodimensional structure, Ii. A liquid crystal phase of at least one nanodimensional structure, Iii. The combination of (1) at least one nano-dimensional liquid phase and (2) liquid crystal phase of at least one nanodimensional structure b. An outer coating comprising a non-thin film crystalline material to be placed in a medium solution having a material capable of adsorbing the particles and the adsorbent material is adsorbed to the inner core. 45. The method according to claim 44, wherein the absorption is performed by dissolving the outer coating by a medium solution. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein said absorption consists of cleavage of the outer coating. 45. A method according to claim 44, wherein the outer coating is made to pass through a hole. How to Use Coated Particles Including a. An inner core comprising a matrix consisting essentially of: Iii. Liquid phase with at least one nanodimensional structure Ii. Liquid crystal phase of at least one nanodimensional structure or Iii. The combination of (1) a liquid phase of at least one nanodimensional structure, (2) a liquid crystal phase of at least one nanodimensional structure and b. An external coating comprising a non-thin film crystalline material adapted to be placed in a medium solution having a material capable of adsorbing molecules, and the adsorbent material being adsorbed therein. How to Use Coated Particles Including a core internally containing a matrix consisting essentially of Iii. Liquid phase of at least one nanodimensional structure, Ii. Liquid crystal phase of at least one nanodimensional structure or Iii. Combination of the following two (1) a liquid phase of at least one nanodimensional structure, (2) a liquid crystal phase of at least one nanodimensional structure and b. An external coating comprising a non-thin film crystalline material which is placed in an intermediate solution having a material capable of adsorbing molecules and is allowed to adsorb. How to Use Coated Particles Including a.internal core containing a matrix consisting essentially of Iii. Liquid phase of at least one nanodimensional structure, Ii. Liquid crystal phase of at least one nanodimensional structure or Iii. Combination of (1) at least one nano-dimensional liquid phase and (2) a matrix of liquid crystal phases of at least one nanodimensional sphere, an activator disposed therein, and b. An external coating comprising a non-thin film crystalline material intended to release the particles in a medium solution and the active agent in the medium solution. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein said release causes said external coating to be dissolved by said intermediate solution. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein the release of the coated particle is made by breaking the outer coating. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein said release is effected through absorption holes in said outer coating. How to Use Particles Including a.buried core comprising a matrix consisting essentially of the following; Iii. Liquid phase of at least one nanodimensional structure, Ii. Liquid crystal phase of at least one nanodimensional structure or Iii. Combination of (1) at least one nano-dimensional liquid phase and (2) a matrix of liquid crystal phases of at least one nanodimensional sphere, an activator disposed therein, and b. Outer coating comprising non-thin crystalline material to release the active agent 55. The method of claim 54, wherein said release causes said external coating to be effected by an intermediate solution. 55. The method of claim 54 wherein said release is effected by cleavage of the outer coating. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein said release occurs through absorption holes in the outer coating.