CN108640806B - Underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108640806B CN108640806B CN201810979711.6A CN201810979711A CN108640806B CN 108640806 B CN108640806 B CN 108640806B CN 201810979711 A CN201810979711 A CN 201810979711A CN 108640806 B CN108640806 B CN 108640806B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/285—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/001—Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres), absorbents for nitroglycerine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/009—Wetting agents, hydrophobing agents, dehydrating agents, antistatic additives, viscosity improvers, antiagglomerating agents, grinding agents and other additives for working up
Abstract
A colloidal emulsion explosive for underground mines mainly comprises: ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, a composite oil phase, water, a sensitizing agent, a viscosity reducer, a thickening agent and a thickening agent coating film material. The viscosity of the emulsion explosive is reduced by the viscosity reducer, the pumping resistance is reduced, and the emulsion explosive can be smoothly pumped into a blast hole. Meanwhile, the microcapsule-coated thickening agent is added into the emulsion explosive, and in the pumping and jet explosive loading processes, the microcapsule is damaged to expose the thickening agent under the actions of extrusion, friction and jet impact, and reacts with water in the emulsion explosive, so that the viscosity of the underground mining emulsion explosive after reaching the blast hole is enhanced, and the problem of serious explosive return to the hole in an underground mine is effectively solved. In addition, the emulsion explosive for underground mines has excellent detonation performance and storage stability meeting the requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an explosive, in particular to a colloidal emulsion explosive for underground mines, and particularly relates to a colloidal emulsion explosive for underground mines, which realizes thickening in holes by utilizing a microcapsule technology, and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Due to the pressure of environmental protection and sustainable development, the mining trend of mineral resources in China is represented by switching from open to underground and from underground to deep mining. In the mining blasting of underground mines, powdery emulsion explosives and colloidal emulsion explosives are mainly used. The powdery emulsion explosive is loaded in a pneumatic mechanical loading mode, and as the powder is not sticky, the phenomenon of explosive return is serious when the powder is loaded into a blast hole, the rate of explosive return is up to more than 30 percent, so that the explosive is seriously wasted, the actual loading quantity in the blast hole is far smaller than a preset value, and the blasting effect is influenced; moreover, the powder falling back from the blast hole seriously pollutes the working environment, and the dust of the working powder flies, thereby seriously damaging the physical and mental health of workers. For common colloidal emulsion explosives, the viscosity of the sensitized emulsion matrix can be rapidly increased and the fluidity is poor, the pumping problem is not effectively solved all the time, and the method for solving the pumping problem by increasing the fluidity of the emulsion matrix can reduce the viscosity of the emulsion explosives in blastholes and prevent the emulsion explosives from being adhered to the blastholes, so that the material return rate is increased.
The on-site mixed loading system of the underground mining emulsion explosive developed by Beijing mining and metallurgy research institute adopts a water ring drag reduction technology in the explosive pumping process, an emulsion matrix is conveyed in a charging hose, and water containing a foaming agent is conveyed close to the pipe wall. When the mixture reaches the sensitization region, the mixture is sensitized by a continuous sensitizing device, and the sensitized emulsion explosive is sprayed into the blast hole through a tail end circular cover under the action of high pressure. However, the water content of the emulsion matrix for underground mining is 18-22%, and the water content of the emulsion explosive for underground mining is 20.5-25% by adding water with the water content of 2.5-3% of that of a water ring, so that the explosive power is obviously reduced due to high water content. Meanwhile, the emulsion matrix has low viscosity due to excessively high water content, so that the problem of explosive return to the blast hole cannot be well solved. The patent CN201710310757.4 discloses an emulsion explosive for underground mines and a preparation method thereof, the viscosity of the emulsion explosive is reduced by 75-80% by changing the formula of an emulsion matrix, the adhesion of the emulsion explosive is reduced by greatly reducing the viscosity, and the problem that the explosive is seriously filled and returned to a hole on an underground mine cannot be effectively solved. The document 'safety design and field application of emulsion explosive mixed loading vehicle for underground mining' (mining metallurgy, 2017, 04) introduces a process technology for loading the mixed emulsion explosive into a deep hole upwards and application conditions of loading and blasting of products thereof, realizes that the deep hole of 40m upwards is vertically coupled and loaded without dropping the explosive, but the technology completes field sensitization in blast holes, the field sensitization in the blast holes in cold winter has over-slow foaming speed, and the quantity of generated sensitized bubbles is small; in hot summer, the field sensitization in the blast hole has the defects of too high foaming speed and large quantity of generated sensitized bubbles. Both of these conditions cause the formation of hot spots for explosive propagation to be difficult and half-explosion or misfiring to occur easily.
When blast holes (especially upward holes) are filled in underground mining blasting, the flowability of the emulsion explosive in the pumping process and the adhesiveness of the emulsion explosive after pumping are both required to be met. However, the flowability and the adhesiveness of the emulsion explosive are a pair of mutually restricted factors in the traditional sense, and when the emulsion explosive is required to have good flowability, namely the friction force between the emulsion explosive and the wall of a conveying pipe is small, the adhesiveness of the emulsion explosive is required to be weak; when the emulsion explosive is required to have strong adhesiveness, the emulsion explosive can be well attached to the wall of a blast hole, but the pumping effect can be seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and one aim of the invention is to provide a colloidal emulsion explosive for underground mines.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-85 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3-15 parts of sodium nitrate, 2-15 parts of a composite oil phase, 8-15 parts of water, 0.2-4 parts of a sensitizing agent, 3-10 parts of a viscosity reducer, 3-10 parts of a thickening agent and 0.5-2 parts of a thickening agent coating film material.
Preferably, the composition mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5-10 parts of sodium nitrate, 4-10 parts of a composite oil phase, 10-14 parts of water, 0.2-2 parts of a sensitizing agent, 4-8 parts of a viscosity reducer, 4-8 parts of a thickening agent and 0.5-1.5 parts of a thickening agent coating film material.
Preferably, the composition mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 72 parts of ammonium nitrate, 6 parts of sodium nitrate, 5 parts of a composite oil phase, 11 parts of water, 0.5 part of a sensitizing agent, 2.5 parts of a viscosity reducer, 2.5 parts of a thickening agent and 0.5 part of a thickening agent coating film material.
Preferably, the thickener is one of sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan, magnesium aluminum silicate and sesbania gum.
Preferably, the thickener coating material is one of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide, vinyl acetate resin, gelatin, methyl cellulose, polyethylene, polymethacrylate, polydodecalactam and polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, the viscosity reducer is one of sodium lignosulphonate, sodium polynaphthalene formaldehyde sulfonate, Huaqiansu, sulfonated tannin CH-164, polyisobutenyl succinimide and nano stearyl polymethacrylate.
Preferably, the sensitizer is a chemical foaming agent NaNO2Or one of physical sensitizer perlite, glass microsphere and resin microsphere.
Preferably, the preparation method of the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive comprises the following steps:
st 1: coating of the thickening agent: the thickening agent is coated by microcapsules prepared by coating a thickening agent film material by a microcapsule method, and the average particle size of the microcapsules is controlled to be 10-45 microns.
St 2: preparation of the latex matrix: uniformly mixing ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, the composite oil phase, water and the viscosity reducer according to a certain mass ratio, and controlling the production process conditions to prepare the latex matrix with good fluidity.
St 3: preparing an emulsion explosive: and uniformly stirring the latex matrix, the sensitizer and the microcapsule-coated thickener according to a certain mass ratio to prepare the final underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive.
The invention adopts the technical scheme and has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the viscosity reducer is added into the formula of the emulsion explosive, so that the fluidity of the emulsion explosive is obviously improved, the automatic pumping is facilitated, and the pumping pressure is not more than 0.7 MPa.
2. When the underground mining emulsion explosive enters a blast hole, the thickening agent in the microcapsule is released and reacts with water in the emulsion explosive, so that the in-hole thickening of the emulsion explosive is realized, and the explosive return rate of the upward hole charging is less than or equal to 5%.
3. The fluidity of the underground mining emulsion explosive is improved by the viscosity reducer, and the water content of the underground mining emulsion explosive is obviously lower than that of the traditional underground mining emulsion explosive, so that the underground mining emulsion explosive has high explosion power and the density of 1.0-1.25 g/cm3The brisance is 16mm lead column compression amount, and the detonation velocity is more than or equal to 4500 m/s.
4. The structure of the microcapsule coated with the thickening agent can be destroyed only after the microcapsule enters a blast hole, the physical and chemical properties of the microcapsule are stable in the daily storage process, and the thickening agent and an emulsion matrix are effectively separated, so that the storage period of the underground mining emulsion explosive can reach more than 5 months.
5. According to the invention, the viscosity reducer and the microcapsule-coated thickening agent are added into the emulsion explosive, so that the function of the viscosity reducer is exerted in the pumping process, and the function of the microcapsule-coated thickening agent is exerted after the explosive enters a blast hole, thereby solving the contradiction between the fluidity and the adhesiveness of the traditional emulsion explosive.
6. The compression strength of the outer microcapsules of the thickening agent can be controlled by adjusting the type and mass ratio of the coating materials of the thickening agent, so that the optimal underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive formula is designed according to different pumping conditions and construction environments.
The invention discloses an action mechanism of a colloidal emulsion explosive for underground mines, which comprises the following steps:
the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive is a water-in-oil structure and is charged in a pumping mode. In the underground mining blasting, the flowability of the emulsion explosive in the pumping process and the adhesiveness of the emulsion explosive after pumping are both required to be met. According to the invention, the viscosity reducer is added into the emulsion explosive to improve the fluidity, so that the emulsion explosive can be smoothly pumped into the blast hole. Meanwhile, the microcapsule-coated thickening agent is added into the emulsion explosive, and in the processes of pumping and jet charging, due to the extrusion, friction and jet impact, the microcapsule outside the microcapsule can be damaged to expose the thickening agent and react with the water in the emulsion explosive, so that the viscosity of the emulsion explosive for underground mining after reaching the blast hole is enhanced, and the problem of serious explosive return to the hole during underground mining is effectively solved. The viscosity reducer functions in the pumping process, and the coated thickening agent functions after the explosive enters a blast hole, so that the contradiction between the flowability and the adhesiveness of the traditional emulsion explosive is solved. And the time for the emulsion explosive to be pumped to a blast hole and subjected to final setting can be effectively adjusted by adjusting the type and the mass ratio of the thickening agent coating material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an emulsion explosive for underground mining, wherein 1-the emulsion matrix; 2-a viscosity reducer; 3-a sensitizer; 4-microencapsulated thickeners.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
A colloidal emulsion explosive for underground mines comprises: the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive contains 73 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, 5 parts of composite oil phase, 10 parts of water and NaNO20.2 part, 3 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 3 parts of sodium polyacrylate and 0.8 part of polymethacrylate.
The preparation method of the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive comprises the following steps:
st 1: coating of sodium polyacrylate: the sodium polyacrylate is coated by microcapsules prepared from polymethacrylate by a microcapsule method, and the average particle size of the microcapsules is controlled to be 10-45 microns.
St 2: preparation of the latex matrix: the ammonium nitrate, the sodium nitrate, the composite oil phase, the water and the sodium lignosulfonate are mixed and stirred uniformly according to a proportion, and the production process conditions are controlled, so that the latex matrix with good fluidity is prepared.
St 3: preparing an emulsion explosive: mixing latex matrix, NaNO2And sodium polyacrylate coated by microcapsules are uniformly stirred according to a certain mass ratio, so that the final underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive is prepared.
The prepared underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive is stored for 5 months, then the brisance and the detonation velocity are tested, and compared with the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive prepared on site, and the experimental results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive has small increase in density after being stored for 5 months, and the detonation velocity and the brisance are respectively reduced by only 3.4 percent and 3.1 percent. Therefore, the storage stability of the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive meets the requirement, and the detonation performance is excellent.
TABLE 1 comparison of the explosion characteristics of colloidal emulsion explosives for underground mining before and after storage
| Explosive sample | Density (g/cm)3) | Detonation velocity (m/s) | Manganese degree (mm) |
| In situ preparation | 1.12 | 4537 | 16.2 |
| After 5 months of storage | 1.20 | 4385 | 15.7 |
Example 2
A colloidal emulsion explosive for underground mines comprises: the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive contains 72 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, 5 parts of a composite oil phase, 9 parts of water, 1.2 parts of resin microspheres, 4 parts of sodium polynaphthalene formaldehyde sulfonate, 3 parts of sesbania gum and 0.8 part of polydodecalactam.
The preparation method of the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive comprises the following steps:
st 1: coating of sesbania gum: by adopting a microcapsule method, the sesbania is coated by microcapsules prepared from polydodecalactam, and the average particle size of the microcapsules is controlled to be 10-45 microns.
St 2: preparation of the latex matrix: uniformly mixing and stirring ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, the composite oil phase, water and sodium polynaphthalenesulfonate according to a mass ratio, and controlling production process conditions to prepare the latex matrix with good fluidity.
St 3: preparing an emulsion explosive: and uniformly stirring the latex matrix, the resin microspheres and the microcapsule-coated sesbania gum according to a certain mass ratio to prepare the final underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive.
Adopting a PVC pipe which is vertically upward and has the length of 20 meters and the inner diameter of 110 millimeters to simulate an upward hole in an underground mine; and a pump with the pumping pressure of 0.7MPa is used for charging, and a screen with barbs is arranged at the tail end of the pumping hose and used for destroying microcapsules outside the thickening agent and assisting the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive to realize thickening in the holes. Test results show that the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive can smoothly realize pumping under the pressure, after the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive is sprayed and charged through a pumping hose, final setting can be quickly realized within 15 seconds, and after the charging of 20-meter holes is completed for 3 hours, the powder return rate is less than 5%. Therefore, the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive not only has good fluidity, but also has excellent in-hole viscosity, and completely meets the requirements of underground mines on upward hole charging.
Claims (4)
1. The underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 70-85 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3-15 parts of sodium nitrate, 2-15 parts of a composite oil phase, 8-15 parts of water, 0.2-4 parts of a sensitizing agent, 3-10 parts of a viscosity reducer, 3-10 parts of a thickening agent and 0.5-2 parts of a thickening agent coating film material, wherein the thickening agent is coated by a microcapsule prepared by the thickening agent coating film material;
the thickener is one of sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan, magnesium aluminum silicate, and sesbania gum;
the coating film material of the thickening agent is one of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide, vinyl acetate resin, gelatin, methyl cellulose, polyethylene, polymethacrylate, polydodecalactam and polyvinyl alcohol.
2. The underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5-10 parts of sodium nitrate, 4-10 parts of a composite oil phase, 10-14 parts of water, 0.2-2 parts of a sensitizing agent, 4-8 parts of a viscosity reducer, 4-8 parts of a thickening agent and 0.5-1.5 parts of a thickening agent coating film material.
3. The colloidal emulsion explosive for underground mines according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the viscosity reducer is one of sodium lignosulfonate, sodium polynaphthalenesulfonate, alexin, sulfonated tannin CH-164, polyisobutenyl succinimide and nano stearyl polymethacrylate.
4. The preparation method of the underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
st 1: coating of the thickening agent: coating the thickening agent by microcapsules prepared by coating a film material with the thickening agent by a microcapsule method, wherein the average particle size of the microcapsules is controlled to be 10-45 microns;
st 2: preparation of the latex matrix: uniformly mixing ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, a composite oil phase, water and a viscosity reducer according to a certain mass ratio, and controlling production process conditions to prepare a latex matrix with good fluidity;
st 3: preparing an emulsion explosive: and uniformly stirring the latex matrix, the sensitizer and the microcapsule-coated thickener according to a certain mass ratio to prepare the final underground mining colloidal emulsion explosive.
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