KR20000048427A - Friction resistance generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A generator of frictional resistance is provided to always generate a stable frictional force through a faced face of rotator and a stator is a curved shape such as a cylindrical surface or a spherical surface. CONSTITUTION: When a rotator(1) is rotated to an A1 direction in a state added a load toward a stator(2), each roller(3) is rotated during contacting in the stator(1). Because each roller(3) is rotated during controlling to rotate in an inclined direction with a supporting body, a frictional force according to a load of axial direction is generated between each roller(3) and the rotator(1). Because each roller(3) generates a sliding friction during rotating, a constant friction is generated a little and a stable resistant force is obtained always. Though the constant friction is generated in an early step, the constant friction is switched over to a dynamic friction by the rotation of the roller(3). When the load of the rotator(1) is removed, a state without generating the friction is obtained.

Description

Friction Resistance Generator {FRICTION RESISTANCE GENERATOR}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a frictional resistance generating apparatus used as a mechanism for imparting arbitrary resistance to frictional motions of various machines.

Generally known as one of the mechanical elements, a bearing is largely classified into a sliding bearing for supporting the shaft member through lubricating oil and a roll bearing for supporting the shaft member through a ball or roller. Since the object is to move smoothly, the frictional resistance between each member is made as small as possible. Therefore, since the bearing does not control the power by giving resistance to the moving member, in order to control the rotational speed uniformly like the automatic closing mechanism of the door, a damping device such as a shock absorber or a damper is added.

In addition, a mechanism called a clutch, a torque limiter or a brake is known to generate sliding friction between two rotating members, and in addition to completely pressing each member, they use sliding friction to apply a load to each member. It aims to transmit power while producing a turning wheel according to it.

By the way, in the above-described sliding bearing, if the lubricant is interposed between the members in an ideal state, it can be operated with a very small frictional resistance equivalent to the roll bearing, but it is very difficult to always supply the lubricant in an ideal state, and sometimes The two sliding surfaces are in direct contact with each other, which significantly increases friction. In addition, in the rotary mechanism using the bearing, if there is a need to control the rotation speed in a constant manner, there is no suitable method other than adding an expensive damping device, which results in high cost and complicated and large structure. There was a problem.

In addition, as a mechanism for transmitting power by using sliding friction, such as a clutch, it is very difficult to constantly control the frictional force in a semi-connected state, especially when one member is rotating at a low speed with respect to the other member. The static friction and the dynamic friction act intermittently on the two sliding surfaces, so that the friction force becomes very unstable, so that there is a disadvantage that the so-called stick slip easily occurs.

Thus, the inventors of the present invention have disclosed a frictional resistance generator that can constantly control the speed of an object without adding a special mechanism, and is also easy to control and can generate stable friction at all times. Already proposed as US Patent No. 2801153.

The invention of Patent No. 288153 is a rotating body rotating about an axis, a plurality of rollers arranged along a rotating trajectory of the rotating body, a passive body facing each other in the radial direction with each roller interposed therebetween, and And a cage for freely rotating the rollers at intervals from each other, the facing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body being formed to be parallel to the rotating shaft of the rotating body, respectively, and the transmission shaft of each roller includes the rotating shaft of the rotating body. It is a rotating friction device inclined to form a predetermined angle with respect to the cross section. That is, in this rotary friction device, at least one of the rotating body or the passive body is pressed by applying a certain load to the roller side, and by rotating the rotating body, the rollers can be driven while having sliding friction together and generate stable frictional force. have.

However, in the rotary friction apparatus, each of the inclined rollers moves while being in contact with the opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body, so that the opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body must be planes or symmetrical surfaces parallel to each other. For this reason, when the rotating body and the passive body are formed by cylindrical or spherical members facing each other in the radial direction, the rollers cannot be brought into uniform contact with both surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body. The problem remains that application to a device using a rotating body and a passive body having opposing surfaces is difficult.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a frictional resistance generating device capable of always generating a stable frictional force even when the opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body have a curved surface such as a circumferential surface or a spherical surface. There is.

In the present invention, a plurality of rollers are arranged at intervals from each other in a predetermined direction between a rotating body rotatable in a predetermined direction, a passive body disposed to face a predetermined surface of the rotating body, and a facing surface of the rotating body and the passive body. And a frictional resistance generator in which the rotating shaft of each roller is inclined to form a predetermined angle with respect to the rotational direction of the rotating body, wherein the opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body are each formed in a predetermined curved shape. The rollers are rotatably installed on either of the opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body, and the rollers are arranged to be in contact with the other sides of the opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body.

As a result, when the rotating body is rotated in a predetermined direction while applying a load to the passive body side, the respective rollers rotatably supported on one of the rotating body and the passive body rotate while contacting the rotating body or the passive body. In this case, even if the opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body have a curved shape such as a circumferential surface or a spherical surface, it is possible to form each roller so as to rotate while contacting only one of the rotating body and the passive body. Moreover, since each roller is rotatably supported by a rotating body or a passive body, each roller rotates, restricting what it intends to rotate in the direction inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the rotating direction of a rotating body. Thereby, friction force according to the load is generated between each roller and the rotating body or the passive body. At that time, since each roller generates sliding friction while rotating, there is little generation of static friction even at low speed rotation, and stable resistance can always be obtained.

In the above configuration, the rotating body and the passive body are formed in a cylindrical shape and arranged coaxially with each other, and a plurality of roller rows are provided in the axial direction of the rotating body, and only a certain roller row is the rotating body or the passive body. By arranging the rotating body freely in the axial direction so as to contact the, the frictional force can be obtained by the position of the rotating body in the axial direction.

In addition, the opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body are formed in a spherical shape and arranged concentrically with each other, and the rotating body is freely connected to the foundation structure of an arbitrary building, and the passive body is fixed to the ground side. It is also possible to function as an isolating device.

1 is an exploded perspective view of a frictional resistance generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a partial perspective view of a frictional resistance generator;

3 is a plan view of main parts of the frictional resistance generator;

4 is a side cross-sectional view of the roller and the support,

5 is a plan view of the roller and the support,

6 is a side view of the roller and the support;

7 is a side view of a main portion showing the operation of the frictional resistance generator;

8 is a plan view of main parts showing the operation of the frictional resistance generator;

9 is an exploded perspective view of a frictional resistance generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

10 is a plan view of main parts showing the operation of the frictional resistance generator;

11 is an exploded perspective view of a frictional resistance generator according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

12 is a side cross-sectional view of a roller and a supporter showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

13 is a perspective view of an isolating apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

14 is a plan view of an isolation device;

15 is a side view of the isolation device;

Fig. 16 is a side view showing the operation of the base isolation device.

1 to 8 show a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein the frictional resistance generating device of the present invention is applicable to a rotating brake.

The frictional resistance generator of this embodiment includes a cylindrical rotating body 1 rotating along the rotation direction A1, a cylindrical passive body 2 facing the outer circumferential surface of the rotating body 1, and It consists of the several roller 3 arranged along the rotational track A1 of the whole 1, and each roller 3 forms several row of rollers. Moreover, each roller 3 is rotatably supported by the support body 4 on the inner periphery surface of the passive body 2, respectively. In FIG. 1, the rotor 1, the passive body 2, and the rollers 3 are shown to be divided in the axial direction for convenience of description, but in reality, the rotor 1 and the passive body 2 have diameters of each other. Facing each other, the rollers 3 are disposed between the opposing surfaces of the rotary body 1 and the passive body 2.

Each roller 3 has a circumferential shape extending in the axial direction, and the diameter thereof is formed so as to gradually decrease from both ends in the axial direction toward the center portion. That is, each roller 3 is formed in linear contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 1, and is arrange | positioned at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotating body 1. In this case, the support body 4 which supports both ends of each roller 3 consists of a member with few frictions, such as a bearing.

Moreover, the said frictional resistance generator has a plurality of roller train groups 3a which consist of a pair of roller train which inclined each roller 3 in the opposite direction mutually in the axial direction of the rotating body 1. As shown in FIG. In this case, in each roller row group 3a, as shown in FIG. 3, the angle (theta) whose absolute value is the same with respect to the end surface C orthogonal to the rotation axis B of the roller 3 orthogonal to the rotation direction of the rotating body 1 Are arranged to be inclined by ().

As shown in FIG. 4, the support 4 has a pair of bearings 41 provided at both ends 31 of the roller 3 and a pair of support frames 42 disposed at both sides of the roller 3. And both ends are formed of a shaft 43 supported by each support frame 42, and the roller 3 is freely installed on the shaft 43 via each bearing 41. As shown in FIG. Moreover, the leg part 44 of each support frame 42 is being fixed to the passive body 2 by the bolt 45. As shown in FIG.

As shown in Fig. 5, one leg 44 is provided with an angle adjusting mechanism 46 formed of an arc-shaped long hole 461. The bolt 45 is loosened to rotate the roller shaft. The inclination angle θ (or −θ) can be arbitrarily adjusted.

6, the end part 431 of the shaft 43 is formed in cross-sectional square shape, and it fits in the up-down direction in a figure to the long hole 462 provided in each support frame 42, have. Moreover, the spring 47 which presses the shaft 43 upwards is provided in each long hole 462, and the roller 3 is urged by the spring 47 to the rotating body 1 side. Bolts 433 are provided at both ends 431 of the shaft 43, respectively, and the movement of the shaft 43 in the axial direction is restricted by the bolts 433.

In the frictional resistance generating device configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 7, when the rotating body 1 is rotated in the A1 direction with the load F applied to the passive body 2 side, each roller 3 Rotates while contacting the rotating body (1). At that time, since each roller 3 rotates while restraining by the support body 4 what is to be rotated in the direction inclined by the angle (theta) (or -theta), as shown in FIG. The frictional force according to the load F in the axial direction B is generated between the whole 1. At that time, since each roller 3 rotates and generates sliding friction, even if it is a low speed rotation, static friction generate | occur | produces little and can always obtain stable resistance. In this case, even if static friction occurs at an initial stage, the process moves to dynamic friction at the moment due to the rotation of the roller 3. Moreover, if the load of the rotating body 1 is released, the state which a friction force does not generate | occur | produce can also be obtained.

As described above, according to the frictional resistance generating device of the present embodiment, the predetermined angle θ (with respect to the end surface C orthogonal to the rotation axis B of each roller 3 in the rotation direction A1 of the rotating body 1) ( Or-[theta]) so as to generate sliding friction while rotating the respective rollers 3, any arbitrary proportional to the load on the passive body 2 side in the rotational movement of the rotating body 1 is achieved. A resistive force can be obtained, and the resistive force of the rotating body 1 can be controlled very easily by changing this load. At this time, since the sliding friction follows the rotation of each roller 3, the static friction causing the stick slip can be made very small, and stable frictional resistance can always be obtained. Therefore, it is very advantageous to apply the frictional resistance generator to a rotary brake or the like.

In addition, according to the present embodiment, since each roller 3 is freely installed on the passive body 2 via the support body 4, each roller 3 can be formed to rotate while contacting only the rotating body 1. As in the above embodiment, the opposing surfaces of the rotating body 1 and the passive body 2 can also be applied to a curved device. Moreover, in each said embodiment, although showing that each roller 3 was provided in the inner periphery surface of the passive body 2, for example, the rotating body was formed in the outer cylinder, and each inside passive body was formed, A roller may be provided. In this case, since each roller produces friction with an outer rotating body, it becomes excellent in the cooling effect from the exterior with respect to the frictional heat which arises in a roller.

In addition, the friction force can be adjusted by changing the angle θ, but the braking force can be adjusted depending on the diameter of the roller 3 and the surface material of the roller 3.

As shown in Fig. 8, the rollers 3 of the roller rows each have the same frictional force f1 and f2 in opposite directions, but cancel each other's axial forces in the axial direction, and as a result, The rotating body 1 rotates along the rotation track A1 without causing position shift in the axial direction. That is, the rotating body 1 is comprised so that an axial movement can be performed only by arbitrary external force displaced in the axial direction, without moving in the axial direction by the rotation of the magnetic body. In this case, each roller 3 is intended to rotate toward the outside of each roller row, respectively, but by making the inclination angle θ (or -θ) of the roller 3 of each roller row opposite to the above embodiment, Each of the rollers 3 may be driven toward the inside of each row of rollers.

Next, in the said embodiment, the rotating body 1 can be moved to the axial direction (A2 direction of FIG. 1). That is, when the rotating body 1 is moved from the position which contacts only the roller row group 3a of the area | region D to the position which contacts each roller row group 3a of the area | regions D and E, the said frictional resistance increases. Similarly, when the rotating body 1 is moved to the position which contacts each roller row group 3a of the area | regions D, E, and G, the said frictional resistance will further increase. Therefore, without adjusting the angle of each roller 3, the magnitude | size of a friction force can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the moving amount of the rotating body 1 to arrow A2 direction. In addition, in the case of adjusting the frictional force, an adjustment means (not shown) for displacing the rotating body 1 in the axial direction is provided separately.

9 and 10 show a second embodiment of the present invention. Since the rollers 3 are the same as the first embodiment except for the arrangement of the roller 3, overlapping descriptions are omitted.

That is, in this embodiment, each roller 3 is arrange | positioned so that the angle (theta) and-(theta) may be inclined alternately with respect to the rotation direction A1 of the rotating body 1 alternately. Thereby, in one roller row 3b, the force acting on one side and the other in the axial direction of the rotating body 1 arises uniformly as a whole. Therefore, since the force in the axial direction of the rotating body 1 can be canceled, the rotating body 1 does not cause position shift in the axial direction by rotation of itself. In this case, a plurality of roller rows 3b are provided in the axial direction of the rotating body 1, and the rotating body 1 is moved from the region H to the region J of the roller rows 3b as in the above embodiment. By moving, the magnitude of the friction force can be arbitrarily adjusted. In addition, in this embodiment, although each roller 3 is alternately arrange | positioned one by one, you may arrange | position a plurality of each roller 3 alternately in an opposite direction.

FIG. 11 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, and since it is equivalent to the first embodiment except for the arrangement of the roller 3, overlapping descriptions are omitted.

That is, in this embodiment, the roller row group 3a arrange | positioned like 1st Embodiment is continuously arrange | positioned along the spiral track 3c centering on the axial center of the rotating body 1. As shown in FIG. As a result, when the rotating body 1 is moved in the axial direction, the number of the rollers 3 in contact with the rotating body 1 changes, so that the magnitude of the friction force can be arbitrarily adjusted. In this case, since each roller 3 arrange | positions the rotating body 1 continuously in the axial direction helically, the magnitude | size of a friction force can be adjusted steplessly. Moreover, in this embodiment, it is also possible to arrange | position so that each roller 3 may incline in opposite directions alternately one by one like 2nd Embodiment.

FIG. 12 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention and includes a generator 48 driven by the rotation of the roller 4. In this case, the generator 48 is installed on one support frame 42, and the generator 48 is configured to transmit a rotational force from one end 311 of the roller 3. That is, when the frictional resistance generator of the present invention is used for the rotary brake, the braking energy can be efficiently utilized by the generator 48. For example, when the power of the generator 48 is accumulated in the battery, the associated electronic device It can be used as a power supply. In addition, since the load of the generator 48 is applied to the rotation of the roller 3, it is also possible to increase the braking force.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the frictional resistance generating device of the present invention includes, in addition to the rotary brake mechanism, a clutch mechanism of a drive shaft such as an automobile, an automatic closing device of a door, a brake mechanism of an elevator, The present invention can be applied to many machines such as shock absorbers such as automobiles and brake mechanisms for seat belts.

13 to 16 show a fifth embodiment of the present invention, wherein the frictional resistance generating device of the present invention is configured as an isolating device for building. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component part equivalent to the said embodiment.

The seismic isolator of this embodiment is provided with the rotating body 5 formed in hemispherical shape, and the substantially hemispherical passive body 6 which opposes the inner surface of the rotating body 5, The rotating body 5 and the passive body ( Between 6), the many roller 3 rotatably supported by the support body 4 equivalent to the said embodiment is arrange | positioned. The rotary body 5 and the passive body 6 are arranged concentrically with each other with the convex surface side upward.

The rotating body 5 has an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the passive body 6 so as to cover the passive body 6, and a plurality of protrusions 51 protruding outward are provided at the lower end thereof with a gap in the circumferential direction. It is. Moreover, the spherical connecting part 52 connected to the structure 7 of a building side is provided in the vertex part of the rotating body 5, and the connecting part 52 is attached to the bearing 71 provided in the lower surface of the structure 7. It fits freely. In this case, the connection part 52 may be arrange | positioned other than the vertex part of the rotating body 5 as long as it is a position suitable for a structural form.

The passive body 6 is formed slightly larger than the hemisphere and is fixed to the ground on which the building is arranged. A plurality of protrusions 61 protruding outward are provided at the lower end of the passive body 6 at intervals in the circumferential direction, and each of the protrusions 61 is a spring 8 at each of the protrusions 51 of the rotary body 5, respectively. Connected via). That is, each spring 8 constitutes a rotation control means for elastically restricting the rotation of the rotor 5.

Each roller 3 is installed in the inner surface of the rotating body 5 via the support body 4, and when the equator line K along the lower end of the rotating body 5 is assumed, it is in the upper range X of the upper part. It is arranged along the equator line (K). In this case, the rotating shaft B of each roller 3 is arrange | positioned inclined so that the angle (theta) (about 45 degrees) may be made with respect to the inclination line L of the rotating body 5. Moreover, since each roller 3 has a concave curved surface at the center, it is always in line contact with the spherical surface of the passive body 6.

In the seismic isolation device configured as described above, in the normal state, each spring 8 is balanced with each other, and the position of the apex of the rotating body 5 coincides with the apex of the passive body 6 in the state of FIG. 15. Keep it. When receiving a horizontal shake such as an earthquake, the rotating body 5 rotates in the opposite direction R to the horizontal shaking, and the passive body 6 moves in the M direction along with the ground. At that time, since the rotating body 5 receives the frictional resistance (braking force) by the rollers 3, the shaking resistance in the N direction on the structure 7 side is attenuated by this frictional resistance. Moreover, since the moving range of the rotating body 5 is regulated by each spring 8, the rotating body 5 does not rotate to an extreme, and each roller 3 is always effective for the passive body 6 at all. It remains in contact.

As described above, according to the seismic isolator of the present embodiment, static friction and dynamic friction do not act intermittently, and the shaking of the earthquake can be attenuated by a very stable braking force. In addition, since a shock absorber, a damper, or the like does not use a complicated damping device, the structure can be simplified. In addition, since the opposing surfaces of the rotating body 5 and the passive body 6 are formed in a spherical shape, the rotating body 5 can be moved in the three-dimensional direction and can cope with the horizontal shaking in all directions.

Moreover, since the rotating body 5 is formed so that the passive body 6 and each roller 3 may be covered from the upper side, it has a function of dustproof, and can be used also in severe conditions other than a floor or the room. In this case, since the structure is simple, it is most suitable for the seismic isolation device of furniture or a building.

Moreover, although the said embodiment formed each roller 3 in the concave curved surface at the center, and installed it in the rotating body 5 side, each roller 3 was formed in the curved surface which is convex in the center, and a passive body ( It may be provided on the 6) side, and each roller 3 may be in contact with the inner surface side of the rotating body 5. As shown in FIG.

Moreover, in the said embodiment, although using the some spring 8 as rotation control means, you may comprise with damping apparatuses, such as a shock absorber and a damper.

Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the friction resistance generator which formed the opposing surface of the rotating body 5 and the passive body 6 in spherical shape was shown to the seismic isolation apparatus, it is applicable also to various machines as a joint joint with a braking function. can do.

Claims (17)

A rotating body rotatable in a predetermined direction, a passive body disposed to face a predetermined surface of the rotating body, and a plurality of rollers spaced from each other in a predetermined direction between the rotating body and the opposing surface of the passive body, In the friction resistance generating device in which the rotating shaft of each roller is inclined to form a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation direction of the rotating body, Opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body each have a predetermined curved shape, The rollers are freely installed on either of the opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body, and at the same time, Friction resistance generating device, characterized in that each roller is arranged in contact with the other side of the opposing surface of the rotating body and the passive body. The method of claim 1, The peripheral surface of each said roller was formed along the curved surface of the contact surface with the roller in a rotating body or a passive body, The frictional resistance generator characterized by the above-mentioned. The method of claim 1, And opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body are formed in a circumferential surface shape, respectively. The method of claim 3, The rotating body and the passive body are respectively formed in a cylindrical shape and arranged coaxially with each other, And a rotating body is rotatably installed about its axis, and the rollers are arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating body. The method of claim 4, wherein And at least one pair of roller rows inclining the rollers in opposite directions to each other. The method of claim 4, wherein And at least one row of rollers inclined alternately by a predetermined number of said rollers. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, While providing a plurality of roller rows in the axial direction of the rotating body, A frictional resistance generator, characterized in that the rotating body is installed freely in the axial direction so that only a certain row of rollers comes into contact with the rotating body or the passive body. The method according to claim 4 or 6, And the roller rows are arranged in a spiral shape around the axis of the rotating body. The method of claim 8, A frictional resistance generator, characterized in that the rotating body is installed freely in the axial direction so that only any roller contacts the rotating body or the passive body. The method of claim 1, Friction resistance generator, characterized in that the opposing surfaces of the rotating body and the passive body are formed in each spherical shape. The method of claim 10, The rotating body and the passive body are respectively formed in a hemispherical shape and arranged concentrically with each other, Rotating body is rotatably installed around the centrifuge, Friction resistance generator, characterized in that each roller is arranged in a predetermined circumferential direction along the spherical surface of the rotating body. The method of claim 11, Installed between the structure of any building and the ground, Friction resistance generator characterized in that the rotatable freely connected to the structure side of the building, the passive body is fixed to the ground side. The method of claim 12, And a rotation control means for elastically regulating the rotation of the rotor. The method of claim 13, Friction resistance generating device characterized in that the rotation control means is formed by a plurality of springs connecting the rotating body and the passive body to each other. The method of claim 1, While the rollers are installed freely with respect to the opposite direction of the rotating body and the passive body, And a biasing means for adding each roller to the rotating body or the passive body side. The method of claim 1, And each roller is provided so as to arbitrarily adjust the angle of its rotation shaft. The method of claim 1, Friction resistance generator characterized in that it comprises a generator driven by the rotation of the roller.