KR20000008422A - Multi-type air conditioner for both cooling and heating - Google Patents
Multi-type air conditioner for both cooling and heating Download PDFInfo
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- KR20000008422A KR20000008422A KR1019980028221A KR19980028221A KR20000008422A KR 20000008422 A KR20000008422 A KR 20000008422A KR 1019980028221 A KR1019980028221 A KR 1019980028221A KR 19980028221 A KR19980028221 A KR 19980028221A KR 20000008422 A KR20000008422 A KR 20000008422A
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- heat exchanger
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- indoor heat
- outdoor heat
- refrigerant
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
- F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
- F24F1/0063—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the mounting or arrangement of the heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/14—Heat exchangers specially adapted for separate outdoor units
- F24F1/16—Arrangement or mounting thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/06—Several compression cycles arranged in parallel
Abstract
Description
본 발명은, 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는, 제1실외열교환부를 통과하는 냉매의 압력강하량이 일정하여 전열관상에 불균일하게 형성되는 착상을 억제시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 제1실외열교환부와 제2실외열교환부의 냉매유로가 상호 중첩되지 않아 과도하게 착상이 형성되는 것을 억제시킬 수 있도록 한 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a multi-type air conditioning and air conditioner, and more particularly, a pressure drop amount of a refrigerant passing through a first outdoor heat exchange part is not only constant to suppress an idea that is unevenly formed on the heat transfer tube, but also to the first outdoor. It relates to a multi-type air-conditioning and combined air conditioner which can suppress the excessive formation of the refrigerant flow path between the heat exchange unit and the second outdoor heat exchange unit do not overlap each other.
도 2는 종래의 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기의 냉매회로도이다. 이 도면에 도시된 바와 같이, 종래의 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기는 냉매를 압축하는 제1압축기(101) 및 제2압축기(103)와, 제1압축기(101)와 연결된 제1실외열교환부(105) 및 제2압축기(103)와 연결된 제2실외열교환부(107)를 갖는 단일의 실외열교환기(109)와, 제1실외열교환부(105)와 연결된 제1실내열교환기(111)와, 제2실외열교환부(107)와 연결된 제2실내열교환기(113) 및 제3실내열교환기(115)가 폐회로를 이루도록 설치되어 있다.2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a conventional multi-type air conditioning and air conditioner. As shown in the figure, a conventional multi-type air conditioning and air conditioner includes a first compressor 101 and a second compressor 103 for compressing a refrigerant, and a first outdoor heat exchanger 105 connected to the first compressor 101. And a single outdoor heat exchanger (109) having a second outdoor heat exchanger (107) connected to the second compressor (103), a first indoor heat exchanger (111) connected to the first outdoor heat exchanger (105), The second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115 connected to the second outdoor heat exchanger 107 are provided to form a closed circuit.
제1압축기(101) 및 제2압축기(103)의 토출측에는 냉방 및 난방운전에 따라 냉매의 유동방향을 이들 압축기와 연결된 실외열교환부 및 실내열교환기를 향하도록 선택적으로 변환시키는 4방향전환밸브(135)가 설치되어 있다.On the discharge side of the first compressor 101 and the second compressor 103, a four-way switching valve 135 for selectively converting the flow direction of the refrigerant toward the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger connected to these compressors according to cooling and heating operations. ) Is installed.
제1실외열교환부(105)와 제1실내열교환기(111) 사이에는 난방운전을 할 때, 제1실내열교환기(111)로부터 제1모세관(117)을 통과한 냉매를 2차 감압시키는 제2모세관(119)이 설치되어 있으며, 냉방운전을 할 때, 제1실외열교환부(105)로부터 제1실내열교환기(111)로 향하는 냉매가 제2모세관(119)을 거치지 않고 제1모세관(117)을 향하도록 통과시키는 체크밸브(121)가 제2모세관(119)과 병렬로 연결되어 있다.A second pressure reducing refrigerant that has passed through the first capillary tube 117 from the first indoor heat exchanger 111 when the heating operation is performed between the first outdoor heat exchanger 105 and the first indoor heat exchanger 111; 2, the capillary tube 119 is installed, and when the cooling operation is performed, the coolant directed from the first outdoor heat exchanger 105 to the first indoor heat exchanger 111 does not pass through the second capillary tube 119 without the first capillary tube (119). A check valve 121 for passing toward 117 is connected in parallel with the second capillary tube 119.
제2실외열교환부(107)와 제2실내열교환기(113) 및 제3실내열교환기(115) 사이에는 분기부(137)가 설치되어 있다. 분기부(137)와 제2실내열교환기(113) 사이에는 제2전동팽창밸브(123)가 설치되어 있으며, 분기부(137)와 제3실내열교환기(115) 사이에는 제3전동팽창밸브(125)가 설치되어 있다.A branch 137 is provided between the second outdoor heat exchanger 107, the second indoor heat exchanger 113, and the third indoor heat exchanger 115. A second electric expansion valve 123 is provided between the branch portion 137 and the second indoor heat exchanger 113, and a third electric expansion valve is provided between the branch portion 137 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115. 125 is provided.
제2실외열교환부(107)와 제2압축기(103) 사이에는 제2실내열교환기(113) 및 제3실내열교환기(115)중 어느 하나를 단독 냉방운전을 할 때, 제2실외열교환부(107)를 통과하는 냉매중 일부를 제2압축기(103)로 바이패스 시킬 수 있도록 바이패스용 전자밸브(127)와, 이 전자밸브(127)를 지난 바이패스되는 냉매를 교축팽창시키는 바이패스용 모세관(129)이 설치되어 있다.The second outdoor heat exchange unit is provided between the second outdoor heat exchange unit 107 and the second compressor 103 when one of the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115 is independently cooled. A bypass solenoid valve 127 for bypassing some of the refrigerant passing through 107 to the second compressor 103, and a bypass for axially expanding the refrigerant that has been bypassed through the solenoid valve 127. A capillary tube 129 is provided.
한편, 제1실외열교환부(105)에는 제1압축기(101)와 연결된 두 개의 압축기측냉매포트(131)가 형성되어 있으며, 제1실내열교환기(111)와 연결되는 하나의 실내기측냉매포트(133)가 형성되어 있다. 또한, 제1실외열교환부(105)의 냉매유로와 제2실외열교환부(107)의 냉매유로 일부영역이 중첩된 열교환중첩부(150)가 형성되어 있다.Meanwhile, two compressor side refrigerant ports 131 connected to the first compressor 101 are formed in the first outdoor heat exchanger 105, and one indoor unit refrigerant port connected to the first indoor heat exchanger 111. 133 is formed. In addition, the heat exchange overlapping part 150 in which a portion of the refrigerant flow path of the first outdoor heat exchange part 105 and the refrigerant flow path of the second outdoor heat exchange part 107 overlap each other is formed.
이상과 같은 구성에 의하여, 제1실내열교환기(111)가 설치된 실내를 냉방시킬 때, 제1압축기(101)에서 압축된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(135)를 지나 제1실외열교환부(105)로 유입된다. 제1실외열교환부(105)로 유입된 냉매는 제1실외열교환부(105)를 통과하면서 실외공기와 열전달되어 응축된 상태로 제1실외열교환부(105)에서 유출된다. 제1실외열교환부(105)에서 유출된 냉매는 제1실외열교환부(105)와 제1실내열교환기(111) 사이에 배관에 설치된 체크밸브(121)를 통과하여 제1모세관(117)을 지나면서 교축팽창된다. 제1모세관(117)에 의해 교축팽창된 냉매는 제1실내열교환기(111)로 유입되며, 제1실내열교환기(111)를 통과하면서 실내공기와 열전달에 의해 증발되어 실내공기를 냉각시킨다. 제1실내열교환기(111)를 지나면서 증발된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(135)를 지나 제1압축기(101)로 복귀된다.By the above configuration, when cooling the room in which the first indoor heat exchanger 111 is installed, the refrigerant compressed by the first compressor 101 passes through the four-way switching valve 135 and the first outdoor heat exchanger 105. Flows into). The refrigerant introduced into the first outdoor heat exchanger 105 flows out from the first outdoor heat exchanger 105 in a condensed state through heat transfer with outdoor air while passing through the first outdoor heat exchanger 105. The refrigerant flowing out of the first outdoor heat exchanger 105 passes through the check valve 121 installed in the pipe between the first outdoor heat exchanger 105 and the first indoor heat exchanger 111 to pass through the first capillary tube 117. As it passes, it expands. The refrigerant throttled by the first capillary tube 117 flows into the first indoor heat exchanger 111, and passes through the first indoor heat exchanger 111 to evaporate by indoor air and heat transfer to cool the indoor air. The refrigerant evaporated while passing through the first indoor heat exchanger (111) is returned to the first compressor (101) through the four-way switching valve (135).
또한, 제1실내열교환기(111)가 설치된 실내를 난방시킬 때에는, 제1압축기(101)에서 압축된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(135)를 지나 제1실내열교환기(111)로 유입된다. 제1실내열교환기(111)로 유입된 냉매는 제1실내열교환기(111)를 지나면서 실내공기와 열전달을 통해 실내공기에 열을 공급하여 실내를 난방시키며 냉매는 응축된다. 제1실내열교환기(111)에서 응축된 냉매는 제1모세관(117)을 통과하면서 1차 교축팽창되며, 제2모세관(119)을 지나면서 2차 교축팽창되어 제1실외열교환부(105)로 유입된다.In addition, when heating the room in which the first indoor heat exchanger 111 is installed, the refrigerant compressed by the first compressor 101 flows into the first indoor heat exchanger 111 through the four-way switching valve 135. The refrigerant introduced into the first indoor heat exchanger (111) passes through the first indoor heat exchanger (111) to supply heat to the indoor air through indoor air and heat transfer to heat the room, and the refrigerant is condensed. The refrigerant condensed in the first indoor heat exchanger (111) is first throttled while passing through the first capillary tube (117), and the second axially expanded while passing through the second capillary tube (119), thereby allowing the first outdoor heat exchanger (105). Flows into.
한편, 제2압축기(103)와 연결된 제2실내열교환기(113) 및 제3실내열교환기(115)가 설치된 실내를 냉방운전할 때에는, 제2압축기(103)에서 압축된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(135)를 지나 제2실외열교환부(107)로 유입된다. 제2실외열교환부(107)로 유입된 냉매는 제2실외열교환부(107)를 통과하는 실외공기와 열전달되어 응축된다.On the other hand, when cooling the room in which the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115 connected to the second compressor 103 are cooled, the refrigerant compressed by the second compressor 103 is a four-way switching valve. Passed through (135) to the second outdoor heat exchange unit (107). The refrigerant introduced into the second outdoor heat exchanger 107 is heat-condensed with outdoor air passing through the second outdoor heat exchanger 107.
이렇게, 제2실내열교환기(113) 및 제3실내열교환기(115)가 모두 냉방운전 중일 경우, 제2실외열교환부(107)로 유입된 냉매는 모두 응축되어 제2실외열교환부(107)에서 유출되며, 제2실외열교환부(107)에서 유출된 냉매는 제2실내열교환기(113) 및 제3실내열교환기(115) 전단에 각각 설치된 제2전동팽창밸브(123) 및 제3전동팽창밸브(125)를 지나면서 교축팽창되어 제2실내열교환기(113) 및 제3실내열교환기(115)에 유입된다. 유입된 냉매는 제2실내열교환기(113) 및 제3실내열교환기(115)를 지나면서 실내공기와 열전달에 의해 증발되어 유출되며, 유출된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(135)를 지나 제2압축기(103)로 유입된다.Thus, when both the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115 are in the cooling operation, all of the refrigerant introduced into the second outdoor heat exchanger 107 is condensed to form the second outdoor heat exchanger 107. The refrigerant flowed out from the second outdoor heat exchanger 107 and the second electric expansion valve 123 and the third electric motor are respectively installed in front of the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115. It is axially expanded while passing through the expansion valve 125 and flows into the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115. The introduced refrigerant passes through the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115 to be evaporated and discharged by indoor air and heat transfer, and the leaked refrigerant passes through the four-way switching valve 135 to the second. It flows into the compressor (103).
또한, 제2실내열교환기(113)와 제3실내열교환기(115)중 하나만을 냉방운전할 경우에는, 제2실외열교환부(107)의 어느 일지점과 제2압축기(103)를 연결하는 바이패스관에 설치된 바이패스용 전자밸브(127)가 개방되어 제2실외열교환부(107)를 통과하여 응축된 냉매중 일부가 바이패스용 전자밸브(127)를 통과하여 바이패스용 모세관(129)을 지나면서 교축팽창되어 제2압축기(103)로 유입된다. 제2실외열교환부(107)에서 유출되는 나머지 냉매는 제2실내열교환기(113) 및 제3실내열교환기(115)중 운전중인 실내열교환기 전단에 설치되어 개방된 전동팽창밸브를 지나면서 교축팽창되며, 팽창된 냉매는 실내열교환기를 지나면서 증발되어 4방향전환밸브(135)를 지나 제2압축기(103)로 유입된다.In addition, when only one of the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115 is cooled and operated, a bypass connecting the one point of the second outdoor heat exchanger 107 to the second compressor 103 is performed. The bypass solenoid valve 127 installed in the pass pipe is opened and a part of the refrigerant condensed by passing through the second outdoor heat exchanger 107 passes through the bypass solenoid valve 127 to bypass the capillary tube 129. It passes through the axial expansion and flows into the second compressor (103). The remaining refrigerant flowing out of the second indoor heat exchanger 107 passes through an electric expansion valve which is installed in front of the indoor heat exchanger in operation of the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115 and opens. The expanded refrigerant is evaporated while passing through the indoor heat exchanger and flows into the second compressor (103) through the four-way switching valve (135).
한편, 제2압축기(103)와 연결된 제2실내열교환기(113) 및 제3실내열교환기(115)가 설치된 실내를 난방운전할 때에는, 제2압축기(103)에서 압축된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(135)를 지나 제2실내열교환기(113)와 제3실내열교환기(115)로 유입된다. 제2실내열교환기(113)와 제3실내열교환기(115)가 모두 운전중일 경우에는, 유입된 냉매가 제2전동팽창밸브(123)와 제3전동팽창밸브(125)를 지나면서 팽창되어 제2실외열교환부(107)로 유입된다. 제2실외열교환부(107)로 유입된 냉매는 실외공기와 열전달되어 증발되며, 증발된 냉매는 제2실외열교환부(107)에서 유출되어 4방향전환밸브(135)를 지나 제2압축기(103)로 유입된다.On the other hand, when heating the room in which the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115 connected to the second compressor 103 are heated, the refrigerant compressed by the second compressor 103 is a four-way switching valve. Passing through the 135 is introduced into the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115. When both the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115 are in operation, the introduced refrigerant is expanded while passing through the second electric expansion valve 123 and the third electric expansion valve 125. Inflow to the second outdoor heat exchange unit (107). The refrigerant introduced into the second outdoor heat exchanger 107 is evaporated by heat transfer with outdoor air, and the evaporated refrigerant flows out of the second outdoor heat exchanger 107 and passes through the four-way switching valve 135 to the second compressor 103. Flows into).
제2실내열교환기(113) 및 제3실내열교환기(115)중 어느 하나만 운전중인 경우, 운전중인 실내열교환기와 연결된 전동팽창밸브는 개방되며, 운전하지 않는 실내열교환기와 연결된 전동팽창밸브는 실내열교환기에 냉매 및 오일이 고여있지 않을 정도만 개방된다.When only one of the second indoor heat exchanger 113 and the third indoor heat exchanger 115 is in operation, the electric expansion valve connected to the indoor heat exchanger in operation is opened, and the electric expansion valve connected to the indoor heat exchanger not in operation is connected to the indoor heat exchanger. Only open to the extent that refrigerant and oil are not accumulated in the air.
그런데, 이러한 종래의 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기에 있어서는, 제1실외열교환부(105)가 난방운전일 때, 제1실내열교환기(111)와, 제1모세관(117)과, 제2모세관(119)을 지나 유입된 냉매가 제1실외열교환부(105)에 형성된 한 개의 실내기측냉매포트(133)를 통해 유입되며, 제1실외열교환부(105)의 어느 일지점에서 분기되어 두 개의 압축기측냉매포트(131)를 통해 유출됨에 따라 분기점을 기준으로 상류측과 하류측의 압력강하가 다르게 되어 제1실외열교환부(105)에 불균일한 착상이 발생할 수 있으며, 제1실외열교환부(105)와 제2실외열교환부(107)가 모두 난방운전일 때, 열교환중첩부(150)에서 착상이 심화됨에 따라 실외열교환기(109)의 열교환효율이 저하되는 문제점이 있다.By the way, in such a conventional multi-type air conditioning and air conditioner, when the first outdoor heat exchanger 105 is a heating operation, the first indoor heat exchanger 111, the first capillary tube 117, and the second capillary tube 119 Refrigerant introduced through) is introduced through one indoor unit refrigerant port 133 formed in the first outdoor heat exchange unit 105, branched from one point of the first outdoor heat exchange unit 105, and the two compressor sides. As it flows out through the refrigerant port 131, the pressure drop of the upstream side and the downstream side is different based on the branch point, so that uneven conception may occur in the first outdoor heat exchanger 105, and the first outdoor heat exchanger 105 When both the second outdoor heat exchanger 107 and the heating operation are heated, the heat exchange efficiency of the outdoor heat exchanger 109 decreases as the concept of the heat exchange overlapping unit 150 deepens.
따라서, 본 발명의 목적은, 제1실외열교환부를 통과하는 냉매의 압력강하량이 일정하여 전열관상에 불균일하게 형성되는 착상을 억제시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 제1실외열교환부와 제2실외열교환부의 냉매유로가 상호 중첩되지 않아 과도하게 착상이 형성되는 것을 억제시킬 수 있는 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기를 제공하는 것이다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to suppress the idea that the pressure drop of the refrigerant passing through the first outdoor heat exchange part is not uniformly formed on the heat transfer pipe, and also to the refrigerant flow path of the first outdoor heat exchange part and the second outdoor heat exchange part. It is to provide a multi-type air-conditioning and combined air-conditioning apparatus that can suppress the excessive formation because the is not overlapping each other.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기의 냉매회로도,1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a multi-type air conditioning and air conditioner according to the present invention;
도 2는 종래의 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기의 냉매회로도이다.2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a conventional multi-type air conditioning and air conditioner.
* 도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings
1 : 제1압축기 3 : 제2압축기1: first compressor 3: 2nd compressor
5 : 제1실외열교환부 7 : 제2실외열교환부5: the first outdoor heat exchanger 7: the second outdoor heat exchanger
9 : 실외열교환기 11 : 제1실내열교환기9: outdoor heat exchanger 11: first indoor heat exchanger
13 : 제2실내열교환기 15 : 제3실내열교환기13: second indoor heat exchanger 15: third indoor heat exchanger
17 : 제1모세관 19 : 제2모세관17: capillary 1 19: capillary 2
21 : 체크밸브 23 : 제2전동팽창밸브21: check valve 23: second electric expansion valve
25 : 제3전동팽창밸브 27 : 바이패스용 전자밸브25: third electric expansion valve 27: bypass solenoid valve
29 : 바이패스용 모세관 31 : 압축기측냉매포트29: capillary tube for bypass 31: compressor side refrigerant port
33 : 실내기측냉매포트 35 : 4방향전환밸브33: indoor unit refrigerant port 35: 4-way switching valve
상기 목적은, 본 발명에 따라, 제1압축기 및 제2압축기와; 상기 제1압축기와 연결되는 적어도 하나의 제1실내열교환기와; 상기 제2압축기와 연결되는 적어도 하나의 제2실내열교환기와; 상기 제1압축기와 상기 제1실내열교환기를 연결하는 제1전열관과, 상기 제2압축기와 상기 제2실내열교환기를 연결하는 제2전열관을 갖는 단일의 실외열교환기를 구비한 공조기기에 있어서, 상기 실외열교환기는 다수의 적층된 핀을 가지며, 상기 핀은 제1전열관이 부속된 제1실외열교환부와, 상기 제1실외열교환부로부터 상기 핀의 길이방향에서 이격되어 상기 제2전열관이 부속된 제2실외열교환부를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기에 의해 달성된다.The object is, according to the present invention, a first compressor and a second compressor; At least one first indoor heat exchanger connected to the first compressor; At least one second indoor heat exchanger connected to the second compressor; An air conditioner having a single outdoor heat exchanger having a first heat exchanger connecting said first compressor and said first indoor heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger connecting said second compressor and said second indoor heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has a plurality of stacked fins, wherein the fins are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the fins from the first external heat exchanger to which the first heat exchanger is attached, and the second heat exchanger is attached to the second heat exchanger. It is achieved by a multi-type air conditioning and combined air conditioner having an outdoor heat exchanger.
여기서, 상기 제2압축기에는 복수의 제2실내열교환기와 연결되어 있으며, 상기 각 제2실내열교환기는 상호 병렬연결된 것이 바람직하며, 상기 제1압축기에는 단일의 제1실내열교환기와 연결되어 있는 것이 바람직하다.Here, the second compressor is connected to a plurality of second indoor heat exchanger, each of the second indoor heat exchanger is preferably connected in parallel with each other, the first compressor is preferably connected to a single first indoor heat exchanger. .
또한, 상기 제1실외열교환부는 상기 제1압축기와 연결되는 복수의 압축기측냉매포트와, 상기 압축기측냉매포트와 각각 대응되어 상기 제1실내열교환기와 연결되는 실내기측냉매포트를 갖는 것이 바람직하다.The first outdoor heat exchanger may include a plurality of compressor side refrigerant ports connected to the first compressor and an indoor unit refrigerant port corresponding to the compressor side refrigerant ports and connected to the first indoor heat exchanger, respectively.
이하에서는 첨부도면을 참조하여 본 발명에 대해 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기의 냉매회로도이다. 이 도면에 도시된 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기는 종래의 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기와 마찬가지로, 냉매를 압축하는 제1압축기(1) 및 제2압축기(3)와, 제1압축기(1)와 연결되어 실외공기와 열전달되며, 제1전열관을 갖는 제1실외열교환부(5) 및 제2압축기(3)와 연결되어 실외공기와 열전달되며, 제2전열관을 갖는 제2실외열교환부(7)가 구비된 단일의 실외열교환기(9)와, 제1실외열교환부(5)와 연결되는 제1실내열교환기(11)와, 제2실외열교환부(7)와 연결되는 제2실내열교환기(13) 및 제3실외열교환기(15)를 가진다.1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a multi-type air conditioning and air conditioner according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the multi-type air-conditioning and air conditioning apparatus according to the present invention, like the conventional multi-type air-conditioning and combined air conditioning apparatus, the first compressor (1) and the second compressor (3) for compressing the refrigerant and the first compressor (1) connected to the outdoor air and heat transfer, the first outdoor heat exchanger having a first heat pipe (5) and the second compressor (3) connected to the heat transfer to the outdoor air, and a second outdoor heat exchange having a second heat pipe A first outdoor heat exchanger (9) having a unit (7), a first indoor heat exchanger (11) connected to the first outdoor heat exchanger (5), and a second outdoor heat exchanger (7) connected to the second It has a 2 indoor heat exchanger 13 and a 3rd outdoor heat exchanger 15.
제1압축기(1) 및 제2압축기(3)의 토출측에는 냉방운전 및 난방운전에 따라 이들 압축기에서 토출되는 냉매의 방향을 실내열교환기 또는 실외열교환기(9)로 전환시키는 4방향전환밸브(35)가 설치되어 있다.On the discharge side of the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 3, a four-way switching valve for switching the direction of the refrigerant discharged from these compressors to the indoor heat exchanger or the outdoor heat exchanger 9 according to the cooling operation and the heating operation ( 35) is installed.
제1실외열교환부(5)와 제1실내열교환기(11) 사이에는 난방운전을 할 때, 제1실내열교환기(11)로부터 제1모세관(17)을 통과한 냉매를 2차 감압팽창시키는 제2모세관(19)이 설치되어 있으며, 냉방운전을 할 때, 제1실외열교환부(5)로부터 제1실내열교환기(11)로 향하는 냉매가 제2모세관(19)을 거치지 않고 제1모세관(17)을 향하도록 통과시키는 체크밸브(21)가 제2모세관(19)과 병렬로 연결되어 있다.When the heating operation is performed between the first outdoor heat exchanger (5) and the first indoor heat exchanger (11), the refrigerant passing through the first capillary tube (17) from the first indoor heat exchanger (11) is subjected to secondary pressure reduction. The second capillary tube 19 is provided, and when the cooling operation is performed, the coolant directed from the first outdoor heat exchanger 5 to the first indoor heat exchanger 11 does not pass through the second capillary tube 19 and the first capillary tube 19 is provided. A check valve 21 for passing toward 17 is connected in parallel with the second capillary tube 19.
제2실외열교환부(7)와 제2실내열교환기(13) 및 제3실내열교환기(15) 사이에는 분기부(37)가 설치되어 있다. 분기부(37)와 제2실내열교환기(13) 사이에는 제2전동팽창밸브(23)가 설치되어 있으며, 분기부(37)와 제3실내열교환기(15) 사이에는 제3전동팽창밸브(25)가 설치되어 있다.Branch portions 37 are provided between the second outdoor heat exchanger 7, the second indoor heat exchanger 13, and the third indoor heat exchanger 15. A second electric expansion valve 23 is provided between the branch part 37 and the second indoor heat exchanger 13, and a third electric expansion valve is provided between the branch part 37 and the third indoor heat exchanger 15. (25) is provided.
제2실외열교환부(7)와 제2압축기(3) 사이에는 제2실내열교환기(13) 및 제3실내열교환기(15)중 어느 하나를 단독 냉방운전을 할 때, 제2실외열교환부(7)를 통과하는 냉매중 일부를 제2압축기(3)로 바이패스시킬 수 있도록 바이패스용 전자밸브(27)와, 이 전자밸브(27)를 지난 바이패스되는 냉매를 교축팽창시키는 바이패스용 모세관(29)이 설치되어 있다.The second outdoor heat exchange unit is provided between the second outdoor heat exchange unit 7 and the second compressor 3 when one of the second indoor heat exchanger 13 and the third indoor heat exchanger 15 is independently cooled. Bypass for bypassing and expanding the solenoid valve 27 for bypass so that some of the refrigerant passing through (7) can be bypassed to the second compressor 3, and the refrigerant that has been bypassed through the solenoid valve 27. A capillary tube 29 is provided.
한편, 실외열교환기(9)의 제1실외열교환부(5)와 제2실외열교환부(7)는 다수의 적층된 핀의 길이방향에 대해 상호 이격되어 중첩되는 영역없이 열교환구역이 독립적으로 분리되어 있다. 또한, 제1실외열교환부(5)에는 제1압축기(1)와 연결된 두 개의 압축기측냉매포트(31)가 형성되어 있으며, 이들 압축기측냉매포트(31)와 대응되도록 제1실내열교환기(11)와 연결된 두 개의 실내기측냉매포트(33)가 형성되어 있다.Meanwhile, the first outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the second outdoor heat exchanger 7 of the outdoor heat exchanger 9 are independently separated from each other in the heat exchange zone without overlapping regions with respect to the longitudinal direction of the plurality of stacked fins. It is. In addition, the first outdoor heat exchanger (5) is provided with two compressor side refrigerant ports (31) connected to the first compressor (1). Two indoor unit side refrigerant ports 33 connected to 11 are formed.
이상과 같은 구성에 의하여, 제1실내열교환기(11)가 설치된 실내를 냉방시킬 때, 제1압축기(1)에서 압축된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(35)를 지나 제1실외열교환부(5)에 형성된 두 개의 압축기측냉매포트(31)로 유입된다. 제1실외열교환부(5)로 유입된 냉매는 제1실외열교환부(5)를 통과하면서 실외공기와 열전달되어 응축된 상태로 제1실외열교환부(5)에서 유출된다. 제1실외열교환부(5)에서 유출된 냉매는 제1실외열교환부(5)와 제1실내열교환기(11) 사이에 배관에 설치된 체크밸브(21)를 통과하여 제1모세관(17)을 지나면서 교축팽창된다. 제1모세관(17)에 의해 교축팽창된 냉매는 제1실내열교환기(11)로 유입되며, 제1실내열교환기(11)를 통과하면서 실내공기와 열전달에 의해 증발되어 실내공기를 냉각시킨다. 제1실내열교환기(11)를 지나면서 증발된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(35)를 지나 제1압축기(1)로 복귀된다.By the above configuration, when cooling the room in which the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is installed, the refrigerant compressed by the first compressor 1 passes through the four-way switching valve 35 to the first outdoor heat exchanger 5. It is introduced into the two compressor side refrigerant ports 31 formed in the). The refrigerant introduced into the first outdoor heat exchange part 5 flows out from the first outdoor heat exchange part 5 while being condensed by heat transfer with outdoor air while passing through the first outdoor heat exchange part 5. The refrigerant flowing out of the first outdoor heat exchange part (5) passes through the check valve (21) installed in the pipe between the first outdoor heat exchange part (5) and the first indoor heat exchanger (11) to pass through the first capillary tube (17). As it passes, it expands. The refrigerant throttled by the first capillary tube 17 flows into the first indoor heat exchanger 11, and passes through the first indoor heat exchanger 11 to evaporate by indoor air and heat transfer to cool the indoor air. The refrigerant evaporated while passing through the first indoor heat exchanger (11) is returned to the first compressor (1) through the four-way switching valve (35).
제1실내열교환기(11)가 설치된 실내를 난방시킬 때에는, 제1압축기(1)에서 압축된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(35)를 지나 제1실내열교환기(11)로 유입된다. 제1실내열교환기(11)로 유입된 냉매는 제1실내열교환기(11)를 지나면서 실내공기와 열전달을 통해 실내공기에 열을 공급하여 실내를 난방시키며 냉매는 응축된다. 제1실내열교환기(11)에서 응축된 냉매는 제1모세관(17)을 통과하면서 1차 교축팽창되며, 제2모세관(19)을 지나면서 2차 교축팽창되어 제1실외열교환부(5)로 유입된다.When heating the room in which the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is installed, the refrigerant compressed by the first compressor 1 flows into the first indoor heat exchanger 11 through the four-way switching valve 35. The refrigerant introduced into the first indoor heat exchanger (11) passes the first indoor heat exchanger (11) to supply heat to the indoor air through indoor air and heat transfer to heat the room, and the refrigerant is condensed. The refrigerant condensed in the first indoor heat exchanger (11) is first throttled while passing through the first capillary tube (17), and the second axially expanded while passing through the second capillary tube (19) to the first outdoor heat exchanger (5). Flows into.
또한, 제2압축기(3)와 연결된 제2실내열교환기(13) 및 제3실내열교환기(15)가 설치된 실내를 냉방운전할 때에는, 제2압축기(3)에서 압축된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(35)를 지나 제2실외열교환부(7)로 유입된다. 제2실외열교환부(7)로 유입된 냉매는 제2실외열교환부(7)를 통과하는 실외공기와 열전달되어 응축된다.In addition, when cooling the room provided with the second indoor heat exchanger 13 and the third indoor heat exchanger 15 connected to the second compressor 3, the refrigerant compressed by the second compressor 3 is a four-way switching valve. Passed through (35) to the second outdoor heat exchange unit (7). The refrigerant introduced into the second outdoor heat exchanger 7 is heat-transferd with the outdoor air passing through the second outdoor heat exchanger 7 to condense.
이렇게, 제2실내열교환기(13) 및 제3실내열교환기(15)가 모두 냉방운전 중일 경우, 제2실외열교환부(7)로 유입된 냉매는 모두 응축되어 제2실외열교환부(7)에서 유출되며, 제2실외열교환부(7)에서 유출된 냉매는 제2실내열교환기(13) 및 제3실내열교환기(15) 전단에 각각 설치된 제2전동팽창밸브(23) 및 제3전동팽창밸브(25)를 지나면서 교축팽창되어 제2실내열교환기(13) 및 제3실내열교환기(15)에 유입된다. 유입된 냉매는 제2실내열교환기(13) 및 제3실내열교환기(15)를 지나면서 실내공기와 열전달에 의해 증발되어 유출되며, 유출된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(35)를 지나 제2압축기(3)로 유입된다.Thus, when both the second indoor heat exchanger 13 and the third indoor heat exchanger 15 are in the cooling operation, all the refrigerant introduced into the second outdoor heat exchanger 7 is condensed and the second outdoor heat exchanger 7 The refrigerant flowed out from the second outdoor heat exchanger (7) flows out of the second electric expansion valve (23) and the third electric motor respectively installed in front of the second indoor heat exchanger (13) and the third indoor heat exchanger (15). It is axially expanded while passing through the expansion valve 25 and flows into the second indoor heat exchanger 13 and the third indoor heat exchanger 15. The introduced refrigerant passes through the second indoor heat exchanger (13) and the third indoor heat exchanger (15), and is evaporated and discharged by indoor air and heat transfer, and the refrigerant flows out through the four-way switching valve (35). It flows into the compressor (3).
또한, 제2실내열교환기(13)와 제3실내열교환기(15)중 하나만을 냉방운전할 경우에는, 제2실외열교환부(7)의 어느 일지점과 제2압축기(3)를 연결하는 바이패스배관 상에 설치된 바이패스용 전자밸브(27)가 개방되어 제2실외열교환부(7)를 통과하여 응축된 냉매중 일부가 바이패스용 전자밸브(27)를 통과하여 바이패스용 모세관(29)을 지나면서 교축팽창되어 제2압축기(3)로 유입된다. 제2실외열교환부(7)에서 유출되는 나머지 냉매는 제2실내열교환기(13) 및 제3실내열교환기(15)중 운전중인 실내열교환기 전단에 설치되어 개방된 전동팽창밸브를 지나면서 교축팽창되며, 팽창된 냉매는 실내열교환기를 지나면서 증발되어 4방향전환밸브(35)를 지나 제2압축기(3)로 유입된다.In addition, when cooling only one of the 2nd indoor heat exchanger 13 and the 3rd indoor heat exchanger 15, the via which connects the one point of the 2nd outdoor heat exchanger 7 and the 2nd compressor 3 is carried out. The bypass solenoid valve 27 installed on the pass pipe is opened, and a part of the refrigerant condensed by passing through the second outdoor heat exchanger 7 passes through the bypass solenoid valve 27 to bypass the capillary tube 29. After passing through), it is axially expanded and flows into the second compressor (3). The remaining refrigerant flowing out of the second outdoor heat exchanger 7 is throttled through an electric expansion valve which is installed in front of the indoor heat exchanger in operation of the second indoor heat exchanger 13 and the third indoor heat exchanger 15 and opened. The expanded refrigerant is evaporated while passing through the indoor heat exchanger and flows into the second compressor (3) through the four-way switching valve (35).
한편, 제2압축기(3)와 연결된 제2실내열교환기(13) 및 제3실내열교환기(15)가 설치된 실내를 난방운전할 때에는, 제2압축기(3)에서 압축된 냉매는 4방향전환밸브(35)를 지나 제2실내열교환기(13)와 제3실내열교환기(15)로 유입된다. 제2실내열교환기(13)와 제3실내열교환기(15)가 모두 운전중일 경우에는, 유입된 냉매가 제2전동팽창밸브(23)와 제3전동팽창밸브(25)를 지나면서 팽창되어 제2실외열교환부(7)로 유입된다. 제2실외열교환부(7)로 유입된 냉매는 실외공기와 열전달되어 증발되며, 증발된 냉매는 제2실외열교환부(7)에서 유출되어 4방향전환밸브(35)를 지나 제2압축기(3)로 유입된다.On the other hand, when heating the room in which the second indoor heat exchanger 13 and the third indoor heat exchanger 15 connected to the second compressor 3 are heated, the refrigerant compressed by the second compressor 3 is a four-way switching valve. It passes through (35) to the second indoor heat exchanger (13) and the third indoor heat exchanger (15). When both the second indoor heat exchanger 13 and the third indoor heat exchanger 15 are in operation, the introduced refrigerant is expanded while passing through the second electric expansion valve 23 and the third electric expansion valve 25. It flows into the 2nd outdoor heat exchange part (7). The refrigerant introduced into the second outdoor heat exchanger (7) is evaporated by heat transfer with outdoor air, and the evaporated refrigerant flows out of the second outdoor heat exchanger (7) and passes through the four-way switching valve (35) to the second compressor (3). Flows into).
제2실내열교환기(13) 및 제3실내열교환기(15)중 어느 하나만 운전중인 경우, 운전중인 실내열교환기와 연결된 전동팽창밸브는 개방되며, 운전하지 않는 실내열교환기와 연결된 전동팽창밸브는 실내열교환기에 냉매 및 오일이 고여있지 않을 정도만 개방된다.When only one of the second indoor heat exchanger 13 and the third indoor heat exchanger 15 is in operation, the electric expansion valve connected to the indoor heat exchanger in operation is opened, and the electric expansion valve connected to the indoor heat exchanger not in operation is exchanged to the indoor heat exchanger. Only open to the extent that refrigerant and oil are not accumulated in the air.
이와 같이, 제1실외열교환부(5) 및 제2실외열교환부(7)가 난방운전일 때, 제1실외열교환부(5)를 유동하는 냉매의 열교환영역과 제2실외열교환부(7)를 유동하는 냉매의 열교환영역이 상호 중첩되지 않고 독립적으로 분리되어 있어 착상이 심화되는 것을 억제시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 제1실내열교환기(11)에서 응축된 냉매가 제1실외열교환부(5)에 형성된 두 개의 실내기측냉매포트(33)로 유입되어 두 개의 압축기측냉매포트(31)로 유출됨에 따라 제1실외열교환부(5)에서 냉매압력강하량이 일정하여 불균일한 착상이 생성되는 것을 억제시킬 수 있다.As described above, when the first outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the second outdoor heat exchanger 7 are in heating operation, the heat exchange area and the second outdoor heat exchanger 7 of the refrigerant flowing through the first outdoor heat exchanger 5 flow. The heat exchange zones of the refrigerant flowing through each other are separated from each other without overlapping each other, thereby preventing the deepening of the idea, and the refrigerant condensed in the first indoor heat exchanger 11 is transferred to the first outdoor heat exchanger 5. As the refrigerant flows into the two indoor unit refrigerant ports 33 and flows out into the two compressor side refrigerant ports 31, the amount of the refrigerant pressure drop in the first outdoor heat exchange unit 5 is suppressed to prevent the occurrence of uneven implantation. Can be.
이상에서 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따르면, 제1실외열교환부를 통과하는 냉매의 압력강하량이 일정하여 전열관상에 불균일하게 형성되는 착상을 억제시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 제1실외열교환부와 제2실외열교환부의 냉매유로가 상호 중첩되지 않아 과도한 착상이 형성되는 것을 억제시킬 수 있는 멀티형 냉난방겸용 공조기기가 제공된다.As described above, according to the present invention, the pressure drop amount of the refrigerant passing through the first outdoor heat exchange part is not only constant, thereby preventing the formation of unevenly formed on the heat transfer tube, but also the first outdoor heat exchange part and the second outdoor heat exchange part. There is provided a multi-type air conditioning and heating air conditioner capable of suppressing formation of excessive idea because the negative refrigerant flow paths do not overlap each other.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019980028221A KR20000008422A (en) | 1998-07-13 | 1998-07-13 | Multi-type air conditioner for both cooling and heating |
| JP11048777A JP3088411B2 (en) | 1998-07-13 | 1999-02-25 | Multi-type air conditioner |
| CNB99104195XA CN1173141C (en) | 1998-07-13 | 1999-03-24 | Multiple-type air conditioner for combined use of cooler and heater |
| IT1999TO000528A IT1308741B1 (en) | 1998-07-13 | 1999-06-18 | AIR CONDITIONER OF MULTIPLE TYPE FOR THE COMBINED USE OF A COOLER AND A HEATER |
| ES009901566A ES2168906B1 (en) | 1998-07-13 | 1999-07-13 | MULTIPLE TYPE AIR CONDITIONER FOR COMBINED USE OF REFRIGERATION AND HEATING. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019980028221A KR20000008422A (en) | 1998-07-13 | 1998-07-13 | Multi-type air conditioner for both cooling and heating |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20000008422A true KR20000008422A (en) | 2000-02-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019980028221A KR20000008422A (en) | 1998-07-13 | 1998-07-13 | Multi-type air conditioner for both cooling and heating |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3088411B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20000008422A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1173141C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2168906B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1308741B1 (en) |
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| KR102105802B1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2020-04-28 | (주)유티즌 | Heating and cooling air conditioner system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1327173C (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2007-07-18 | 海尔集团公司 | Condenser of air conditioner outdoor unit |
| CN102798245B (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2015-01-21 | 合肥美的电冰箱有限公司 | Refrigerating equipment, refrigerating system and deep refrigerating method of refrigerating equipment |
| CN105467843A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-06 | 广东芬尼克兹节能设备有限公司 | Automatic cycle startup and shutdown control method and device |
| WO2018193537A1 (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-10-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Air conditioner and control method for fan speed of air conditioner |
| CN109340965A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-02-15 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | A kind of condenser recovery type heat air-cooled fluorine pump machine room Special air-conditioning device |
| CN109340966A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-02-15 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | A kind of dedicated heat recovery coil type air-cooled fluorine pump machine room Special air-conditioning device |
| CN114593466B (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-09-12 | 青岛海信日立空调系统有限公司 | air conditioner |
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| US2461760A (en) * | 1944-04-01 | 1949-02-15 | Honeywell Regulator Co | Multiple refrigeration system with controls therefor |
| GB2035529B (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1982-11-24 | Pye Ltd | Providing cooled air in an outside broadcast vehicle |
| US4827733A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1989-05-09 | Dinh Company Inc. | Indirect evaporative cooling system |
| US5678626A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1997-10-21 | Lennox Industries Inc. | Air conditioning system with thermal energy storage and load leveling capacity |
-
1998
- 1998-07-13 KR KR1019980028221A patent/KR20000008422A/en active Search and Examination
-
1999
- 1999-02-25 JP JP11048777A patent/JP3088411B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-24 CN CNB99104195XA patent/CN1173141C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-18 IT IT1999TO000528A patent/IT1308741B1/en active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102105802B1 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2020-04-28 | (주)유티즌 | Heating and cooling air conditioner system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1308741B1 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
| ITTO990528A1 (en) | 2000-12-18 |
| ES2168906B1 (en) | 2003-07-01 |
| JP3088411B2 (en) | 2000-09-18 |
| ES2168906A1 (en) | 2002-06-16 |
| JP2000039223A (en) | 2000-02-08 |
| CN1241705A (en) | 2000-01-19 |
| CN1173141C (en) | 2004-10-27 |
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