KR19990067693A - Synthetic soap - Google Patents

Abstract

The new synthetic detergent soaps contain alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides as surfactants and starch as builders. The product is particularly rich and is characterized by soft foam and an optimum skin feel.

Description

Synthetic soap

Solid soaps play an important role in personal hygiene. Today, solid soaps are produced industrially by continuous saponification of free fatty acids with alkalis, concentration of basic soaps and spray drying. Pure alkali soaps containing only fatty acid salts and optionally free fatty acids, and so-called "synthetic soaps", ie solid soaps containing fatty acid salts and other synthetic surfactants, usually fatty alcohol ether sulfates or fatty acid isethionates. There is a difference between them. In contrast, apart from impurities, a so-called "synthetic detergent soap" containing no fatty acid salts but only synthetic surfactants occupies a special position.

In Germany alone, millions of soaps are sold annually for personal hygiene. However, the commercial demands that these mass consumer products have to meet are becoming ever more stringent. Solid soap is necessary not only to cleanse, but also to protect the skin, i.e. prevent skin dryness, nourish the skin and protect the skin from external influences. Soap should not only be particularly well-suited to the skin, but at the same time it should create a rich, soft foam and give the skin a pleasant feeling. In this regard, solid soap producers are constantly looking for new ingredients to meet these expanded requirements.

Recently, alkyl glucosides have attracted attention as new nonionic surfactants because they exhibit many of the same properties as anionic surfactants in foaming, while at the same time exhibiting very high ecological and dermatological affinity. Therefore, it was necessary to experiment with these surfactants with respect to solid soaps. For example, cosmetic soaps containing 1 to 20% by weight of alkyl polyglucoside and preferably 55 to 66% by weight of soap as builders are known from European patent application EP-A 0 463 912 (Colgate). . Cosmetic soaps containing mild surfactants such as, for example, alkyl polyglucosides, are described in EP-A2 0 227 321. number, EP-B1 0 308 189 And EP-B1 0 308 190 (Procter & Gamble). Finally, DE-A1 43 31 297 and DE-A1 43 37 031 (Henkel) describe synthetic soaps containing fatty acid salts in which small amounts of alkyl polyglucosides are present. However, solid soaps obtainable according to the teachings of the prior art do not always produce enough foam, but are also unsatisfactory in the persistence of the foam and in particular in the touch to the skin. And, when free fatty acids are used as nutritional supplements, very serious corrosion problems can occur in production equipment.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a solid soap which eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages. Particular consideration in this regard is that the new soap composition must be suitable for industrial scale production, i.e., it has a tendency to have sufficient but not excessive moldability and not to tend to crack upon drying.

The present invention relates to a fatty acid free detergent soap containing alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides and starch.

The present invention

(a) alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides and

(b) starch

It relates to a synthetic detergent soap containing.

Solid soaps that provide improved foaming properties and optimum skin feel are used with surfactants and alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides, preferably without water, in the absence of fatty acids or fatty acid salts, and starch builders. It has been surprisingly found that it can be prepared using. The present invention also includes the observation that the mixtures are well suited for the industrial production of solid soaps, that is, they are stable, substantially non-hygroscopic, moldable but not too hard and dry when stored in the air.

Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides

Alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides are known nonionic surfactants corresponding to Formula 1:

R ¹ O- [G] _P

(Wherein R ¹ is an alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar unit having 5 to 6 carbon atoms and p is a number from 1 to 10).

These can be obtained through the relevant method of organic manufacturing. EP-A1 0 301 298 and WO 90/03977 are cited representatively among numerous articles dealing with this issue. Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides can be derived from aldose or chitose, preferably glucose, containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms. Thus, preferred alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides become alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglucosides. The index p of formula 1 shows the degree of small polymerization (DP), ie the distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides, and is a number from 1 to 10. P in a given compound must always be an integer, and can in particular have a value from 1 to 6, while the p value of a particular alkyl oligoglycoside is generally a fraction as an analytically determined acid. Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides with an average degree of polymerization p of from 1.1 to 3.0 are preferably used. Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides having a low degree of polymerization of 1.7 or less, more particularly 1.2 to 1.4, are preferred in view of application. The alkyl or alkenyl radicals R ¹ may be derived from primary alcohols containing 4 to 11, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms. Representative examples are industrial mixtures obtained from the hydrogenation of butanol, caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol, and undecyl alcohol and, for example, of the industrial fatty acid methyl esters or of the aldehydes derived from the oxo synthesis of rolene. . _Obtained as primary effluent in the separation of industrial C _8-18 coconut oil fatty alcohols by distillation, chains of C ₈ to C ₁₀ (DP = 1 to 3) containing up to 6% by weight of C ₁₂ alcohol as impurities Preferred are alkyl oligoglucosides having a length, and also alkyl oligoglucosides based on industrial C _9/11 oxoalcohols (DP = 1-3). The alkyl or alkenyl radicals R ¹ can also be derived from primary alcohols containing 12 to 22, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms. Representative examples include lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, erylidyl alcohol, petrolinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadorail alcohol, Henyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol and their industrial mixtures obtainable as described above. Preference is given to alkyl _{oligoglucosides} based on hydrogenated C _{12/14 cocoalcohols with a} DP of 1-3.

Starch

Particular preference is given to using wheat and / or corn starch which can be used in untreated form or preferably in degraded, ie partially hydrolyzed form. In a particular embodiment of the invention, as described by way of example in the referenced German patent application DE-A1 43 40 015 (Henkel), a compound of alkyl glucoside and starch is used to dry an aqueous slurry of these two components with superheated steam. Is generated. However, drying can also be carried out in other ways, such as with a horizontal array thin film evaporator ("flash dryer"), optionally with glycosides. Diluted aqueous preparations containing alkyl glucosides and starches are known, for example, from EP-A1 0 502 616 (Unilever) and DE-A1 40 11 487 (Henkel).

Surfactants

Synthetic detergent soaps according to the present invention may contain anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants as constituents. Representative examples of anionic surfactants include alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkylether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α-methyl ester sulfonates, sulfofatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates. Glycerol ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinasates, Sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, acyl lactylates, acyl tartrates, acyl glutamate, acyl aspartates, alkyl oligoglucosides Pate, a protein fatty acid condensate (specifically the expression of the wheat component A castle products) and alkyl (ether) phosphates. When the anionic surfactant contains polyglycol ether chains, although it is desirable to have a narrow homolog distribution, it may also have a conventional homolog distribution.

Representative examples of nonionic surfactants include fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers and mixed formals, fatty acids -N-alkyl glucamides, protein hydrolysates (specifically the vegetable products of the wheat component), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides. If the nonionic surfactant contains polyglycol ether chains, although it is desirable to have a narrow homolog distribution, it may also have a conventional homolog distribution.

Representative examples of cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds and esterquats, more particularly quaternary fatty acid trialkanolamine ester salts. Representative examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are alkylbetaines, alkylamidobetaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines.

The surfactants are all known compounds. Information on their structure and manufacturing can be found in the relevant synoptic literature, eg J. Falbe (ed.), "Surfactants in Consumer Products", Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1987, pages 54 to 124 or J. Falbe (ed.), "Katalysatoren, Tenside und Mineraloladditive (Catalysts, Surfactants and Mineral Oil Additives)", Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978, pages 123-217. Preferred surfactants include alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, sulfosuccinates, ether carboxylic acids, monoglyceride sulfates, fatty acid isethionates, protein fatty acid condensates and / or betaines.

Synthetic soap

Synthetic soaps with a particularly good touch to the skin and soft foams contain the following amounts of ingredients:

(a) 1 to 25 and preferably 5 to 20% by weight of alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides,

(b) 5 to 40 and preferably 15 to 30% by weight of starch and

(c) 0 to 50 and preferably 25 to 45 percent by weight of other surfactant.

However, when the total amount is added, it becomes 100% by weight.

Other preferred components of the detergent detergent in the present invention include fatty alcohols and polyethylene glycol ethers. Representative examples of suitable fatty alcohols are lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and isostearyl alcohol. Suitable polyethylene glycol ethers are those having an average molecular weight in the range of 5,000 to 20,000 Daltons.

Commercial use

The synthetic detergent soaps according to the invention are substantially free of fatty acids or fatty acid salts. That is, the content of such material is 0.5% by weight or less. Nevertheless, this soap produces a surprisingly large amount of soft foam when used and also gives a very nice touch to the skin.

Supplements and Additives

Detergent soaps include oils, emulsifiers, superfatting agents, stabilizers, waxes, thickeners, cationic polymers, silicon compounds, biosynthetic agents, preservatives, hydrotropes, solubilizers, dyes and fragrances as additional auxiliaries and additives. It may contain.

Suitable oils include, for example, Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols containing 6 to 18 and preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, linear C _6-20 fatty acids and linear C _6-20 fatty alcohols. Esters of, esters of branched C _6-13 carboxylic acids with linear C _6-20 fatty alcohols, esters of linear C _6-18 fatty acids with branched alcohols, more specifically 2-ethyl hexanol, linear and / or Esters of branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (such as dimer diols or trimer triols) and / or gurbe alcohols, triglycerides based on C _6-10 fatty acids, vegetable oils, branched primary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes, gurbets Carbonates, dialkyl ethers and / or aliphatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons.

Suitable emulsifiers are, for example, nonionic surfactants of one or more of the following groups:

2-30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or 0-5 mol of propylene oxide and linear fatty alcohols containing 8-22 carbon atoms, fatty acids containing 12-22 carbon atoms and 8-15 in alkyl groups Adducts with alkylphenols containing two carbon atoms;

C _12/18 fatty acid monoesters and diesters of adducts of 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide with glycerol;

Glycerol monoesters and diesters and sorbitan monoesters and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms and ethylene oxide adducts thereof;

Adducts of 15 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil;

Polyol esters and, in particular, polyglycerol esters such as, for example, polyglycerol polylysinolate or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearate. Mixtures of such crowded compounds are also suitable;

Adducts of 2 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hydrogenated castor oil;

Partial esters and glycerol, polyglycerols, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sugar alcohols based on linear, branched, unsaturated or saturated C _12/22 fatty acids, ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid (Eg sorbitol) and polyglucosides (eg cellulose);

Trialkyl phosphates;

Wool wax alcohols;

Polysiloxane / polyalkyl polyether copolymers and corresponding derivatives;

- Mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and fatty alcohols according to DE-PS 11 65 574 and

Polyalkylene glycols.

Addition products of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols, glycerol monoesters and diesters of fatty acids and sorbitan monoesters and diesters or with castor oil are known commercial products . These are homologous mixtures whose average alkoxylation corresponds to the ratio between the amount of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and the substrate causing the addition reaction. The C _12/18 fatty acid monoesters and diesters of adducts of ethylene oxide with glycerol are known as cosmetic preparation nutritional supplements by DE-PS 20 24 051.

Zwitterionic surfactants may also be used as emulsifiers. Zwitterionic surfactants are surface-active compounds containing at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and one sulfonate group in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are so-called betaines which are N-alkyl-N, N-dimethyl ammonium glycinate, for example cocoalkyl dimethyl ammonium glycinate, N-acylaminopropyl-N, N-dimethyl ammonium glycinate, For example cocoacylaminopropyl dimethyl ammonium glycinate and 2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethyl imidazoline and cocoacylaminoethyl hydroxy containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group Such as ethyl carboxymethyl glycinate. Particular preference is given to fatty acid amide derivatives known under the CTFA name cocoamidopropyl betaine. Amphoteric surfactants are also suitable emulsifiers. Amphoteric surfactants are interfacial-active compounds which, in addition to C _8/18 alkyl or acyl groups, contain one or more free amino groups and one or more —COOH— or —SO ₃ H— groups in the molecule and are capable of forming molecular salts. Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants include N-alkyl glycine, N-alkyl propionic acid, N-alkylaminobutyric acid, N-alkyliminodipropionic acid, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropyl glycine, N-alkyl taurine, N-alkyl sarcosine, 2-alkylaminopropionic acid and alkylaminoacetic acid containing about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Particularly preferred amphoteric surfactants are N-cocoalkylaminopropionate, cocoacylaminoethyl aminopropionate and C _12/18 acyl sarcosine. In addition to amphoteric emulsifiers, quaternary emulsifiers, in the form of esterquats, preferably in the form of esterquats, such as the methyl-tertiary difatty acid triethanolamine ester salt, may also be used.

Superpating agents are selected from substances such as, for example, lanolin and lecithin and also fatty acid alkanolamides which also serve as polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and foam stabilizers. Can be. Thickeners used are mainly fatty alcohols containing 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms. Preference is given to combinations of these substances with fatty acid-N-methyl glucamides and / or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates having the same alkyl oligoglucoside and / or chain length.

Suitable cationic polymers include, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic starch, copolymers of diallyl ammonium salts and acrylamides, for example quaternary vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl imides such as Luviquat (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, FRG) Condensation products of dazole polymers, polyglycols and amines, for example quaternary collagen polypeptides such as lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat L, Grunau GmbH), quaternary wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimines, for example amidomedicones or Cationic silicon polymers such as Dow Corning Co., USA, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethylaminohydroxypropyl diethylenetriamine (Cartaretine, Sandoz AG, CH), eg FR-A 2 252 840 Polyaminopolyamides and crosslinked water soluble polymers thereof, optionally cationic chitin, such as, for example, quaternary chitosan Condensation products of conductors such as dihaloalkylenes such as dibromobutane and bis-dialkylamines such as bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, for example Jaguar CBS, Jaguar C-17, Jaguar C-16 Cationic guar gums such as (celanes) and quaternary ammonium salt polymers such as Mirapol A-15, Mirapol AD-1, Mirapol AZ-1 (Miranol, USA).

Suitable silicon compounds include, for example, dimethyl polysiloxane, methylphenyl polysiloxane, cyclic silicon and amino-, fatty acid-, alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-, fluorine- and And / or alkyl-modified silicon compounds. Representative examples of fats are glycerides and suitable waxes include, among others, beeswax, paraffin wax or microwax, optionally combined with a hydrophilic wax such as cetostearyl alcohol. For example, metal salts of fatty acids such as magnesium, aluminum and / or zinc stearate may be used as stabilizers. In the context of the present invention, biosynthetic agents are, for example, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acid, plant extracts and vitamin complexes. Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid. The dyes to be used may be selected from substances recognized as suitable for cosmetic use as listed by way of example in the "Kosmetische Farbemittel" of the Farbstoffkommission der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, published by Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pages 81-106. Can be. These dyes are usually used at concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the total mixture. In total, the auxiliaries and additives comprise 1 to 50 and preferably 5 to 40% by weight of the detergent detergent.

Solid soaps were molded based on the following formulations F1 (synthetic soap, inventive) and F2 (composite soap, comparative) and tested for properties of efficacy. The composition and test results of the solid soap are shown in Table 1.

Composition of solid soap (100% by weight of moisture) and properties ingredient CTFA Name F1 weight% F2 weight% Plantaren APG 1200 granules Dodecyl polyglucose 15.0 15.0 Texin 128 P Monolauryl sulfosuccinate 40.0 40.0 Paraffin (Melting Point. 54 ℃) 8.0 8.0 Hydrenol DD Uji Fatty Alcohol 17.0 17.0 Corn Starch RG 3453 20.0 - Edenor HK 12-18 Coco fatty acids - 20.0 Titanium oxide 1.0 1.0 Skin touch +++ + Friction foam +++ + Water absorption tendency - + Moldability +++ + Crack formation after drying - +

According to all test criteria, the examples and comparative examples show the obvious advantages of the synthetic detergent soap formulations according to the invention. Synthetic soaps give the skin a very pleasant touch (+++) and create a large amount of soft friction foam (+++). It does not show any tendency to absorb water, does not cause cracking after drying, and shows excellent moldability (+++) at the same time. In contrast, synthetic soap formulations only exhibit an average skin feel and foaming force (+), are relatively difficult to mold and exhibit (+) crack (+) and water absorption (+) tendencies.

Claims (8)

(a) alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides and (b) starch Synthetic detergent soap containing. The synthetic detergent soap of claim 1, comprising alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides corresponding to formula (1): [Formula 1] R ¹ O- [G] _p (Wherein R ¹ is an alkyl and / or alkenyl radical containing 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar unit containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number from 1 to 10). 3. Soap according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains wheat starch and / or corn starch as builders. The soap according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which further contains anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactants. The anionic interface according to claim 4, which is selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, sulfosuccinates, ether carboxylic acids, monoglyceride sulfates, fatty acid isethionates, protein fatty acid condensates and betaines. A synthetic detergent soap containing an activator. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, (a) 1 to 25 weight percent alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycoside, (b) 5 to 40% by weight starch and (c) 0 to 50% by weight of other surfactants Synthetic detergent soap, characterized in that it contains. Synthetic detergent soap according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which further contains fatty alcohols and / or polyethylene glycol ethers. The synthetic detergent soap according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the content of free fatty acid or fatty acid salt is 0.5% by weight or less.