KR19990048369A - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display Download PDFInfo
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- KR19990048369A KR19990048369A KR1019970067033A KR19970067033A KR19990048369A KR 19990048369 A KR19990048369 A KR 19990048369A KR 1019970067033 A KR1019970067033 A KR 1019970067033A KR 19970067033 A KR19970067033 A KR 19970067033A KR 19990048369 A KR19990048369 A KR 19990048369A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
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- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명에 따른 액정 표시 장치는 두 기판에 액정 배향 방향을 동일하게 형성하고, 투과축이 서로 직교하는 두 장의 편광판을 액정 배향 방향에 대하여 45도의 각을 가지도록 두 기판의 바깥 면에 각각 배치한다. 전계를 인가하지 않는 경우에는 한 기판에 부착되어 있는 편광판을 통과하여 선편광된 빛은 액정층을 통과하면서 편광 방향이 변화하고 이에 따라 빛의 일부분만 다른 쪽 편광판을 투과하게 된다. 전계를 충분히 인가하는 경우에는 선편광된 빛은 편광판에 의해 차단된다.In the liquid crystal display according to the present invention, the liquid crystal alignment directions are formed on the two substrates in the same manner, and two polarizing plates having transmission axes perpendicular to each other are disposed on the outer surfaces of the two substrates so as to have an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the liquid crystal alignment direction. . When no electric field is applied, the linearly polarized light passing through the polarizer attached to one substrate passes through the liquid crystal layer, and the polarization direction is changed, so that only a part of the light passes through the other polarizer. When the electric field is sufficiently applied, the linearly polarized light is blocked by the polarizer.
Description
본 발명은 액정 표시 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
일반적으로 액정 표시 장치는 전극이 형성되어 있는 두 장의 기판 사이에 액정을 주입하고, 전극에 가하는 전압의 세기를 조절하여 광 투과량을 조절하는 구조로 되어 있다.In general, a liquid crystal display device has a structure in which a liquid crystal is injected between two substrates on which an electrode is formed, and a light transmission amount is controlled by adjusting the intensity of a voltage applied to the electrode.
그러면, 첨부한 도면을 참고로 하여 종래의 기술에 따른 액정 표시 장치의 구조에 대하여 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Next, the structure of the liquid crystal display according to the related art will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 종래의 기술에 따른 액정 표시 장치의 구조를 개략적으로 도시한 구성도이다.1 is a configuration diagram schematically illustrating a structure of a liquid crystal display according to the related art.
도 1에서 보는 바와 같이 종래의 기술에 따른 액정 표시 장치는 거리 d만큼 이격되어 서로 마주하는 제1 기판(1)과 제2 기판(2), 두 기판(1, 2) 사이에 주입되어 있는 액정층(3) 및 제1 및 제2 기판(1, 2)의 바깥 면에 각각 배치되어 있는 두 개의 편광판(4, 5)으로 구성된다.As shown in FIG. 1, a liquid crystal display according to the related art is a liquid crystal injected between a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, and two substrates 1 and 2 facing each other at a distance d. It consists of two polarizing plates 4, 5 arranged on the outer surface of the layer 3 and the first and second substrates 1, 2, respectively.
이러한 종래의 액정 표시 장치에서 액정층(3)의 액정 분자는 제1 기판(1)에서 제2 기판(2)에 이르기까지 90도 비틀리게 배열되도록 서로 대각선 방향으로 배향되어 있다. 또한 편광판(4, 5)은 그 투과축 방향이 각각 인접한 제1 및 제2 기판(1, 2)의 액정 배향 방향과 평행하도록 배치한다.In such a conventional liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 3 are oriented diagonally to each other so as to be twisted 90 degrees from the first substrate 1 to the second substrate 2. Further, the polarizing plates 4 and 5 are arranged so that their transmission axis directions are parallel to the liquid crystal alignment directions of the adjacent first and second substrates 1 and 2, respectively.
본 발명의 목적은 새로운 액정 표시 장치를 제공하기 위한 것이다.An object of the present invention is to provide a new liquid crystal display device.
도 1은 종래의 기술에 따른 비틀린 네마틱(twisted-nematic : TN) 방식의 액정 표시 장치의 구조를 개략적으로 도시한 구성도이고,1 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a structure of a liquid crystal display device of a twisted-nematic (TN) type according to the related art.
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 액정 표시 장치의 구조를 개략적으로 도시한 구성도이다.2 is a configuration diagram schematically illustrating a structure of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
본 발명에 따른 액정 표시 장치는 제1 기판과 제2 기판 사이에는 유전율 이방성을 가지는 액정 물질이 주입되어 있으며, 액정 분자는 두 기판에 대하여 평행하게 배열되어 있다. 그리고 두 기판의 바깥 면에 각각 제1 및 제2 편광판이 부착되어 있다.In the liquid crystal display according to the present invention, a liquid crystal material having dielectric anisotropy is injected between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in parallel with respect to the two substrates. The first and second polarizers are attached to the outer surfaces of the two substrates, respectively.
이때, 제1 및 제2 기판의 액정 분자의 배향 방향은 서로 평행하다. 또한, 편광판은 그 투과축 방향이 두 기판에 형성되어 있는 액정 분자의 배향 방향에 대하여 45도의 각을 이루도록 배치되며, 두 개의 편광판의 투과축은 90도를 가지도록 배치된다.At this time, the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules of the first and second substrates are parallel to each other. In addition, the polarizing plates are arranged such that their transmission axis directions form an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules formed on the two substrates, and the transmission axes of the two polarizing plates are arranged to have 90 degrees.
그러면 첨부한 도면을 참고로 하여 본 발명에 따른 액정 표시 장치의 실시예에 대하여 본 발명이 속하는 기술 분야에서 통상의 기술을 가진 자가 용이하게 실시할 수 있을 정도로 상세히 설명한다.Next, embodiments of the liquid crystal display according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can easily practice the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 액정 표시 장치의 구조를 개략적으로 도시한 구성도이다.2 is a configuration diagram schematically illustrating a structure of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
도 2에서 보는 바와 같이, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 액정 표시 장치는 각각 안쪽 면에 각각 투명 전극(도시하지 않음) 및 배향막(도시하지 않음)이 형성되어 있는 한 쌍의 투명 유리 기판(10, 20)이 거리 d만큼 이격되어 마주하고 있다. 두 유리 기판(10, 20) 사이에는 액정 분자로 이루어진 액정층(30)이 형성되어 있으며, 각각의 유리 기판(10, 20)의 바깥 면에는 빛을 편광시키는 두 장의 편광판이 부착되어 있다. 여기서, 하부 기판의 전극은 화소 전극이고, 상부 기판의 전극은 공통 전극이며, 액정층(30)의 유전율 이방성 Δε은 0보다 크다.As shown in FIG. 2, the liquid crystal display according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention has a pair of transparent glass substrates 10, each having a transparent electrode (not shown) and an alignment layer (not shown) formed on an inner surface thereof. 20) faced at a distance d. A liquid crystal layer 30 made of liquid crystal molecules is formed between the two glass substrates 10 and 20, and two polarizing plates for polarizing light are attached to the outer surfaces of the glass substrates 10 and 20. Here, the electrode of the lower substrate is a pixel electrode, the electrode of the upper substrate is a common electrode, and the dielectric anisotropy Δε of the liquid crystal layer 30 is greater than zero.
전기장을 인가하지 않을 때에는, 두 기판 사이에 채워진 액정층(30)의 액정 분자들은 그 장축 방향이 두 기판(10, 20)에 평행하게 배열되어 있으며, 한 기판(10)에서 다른 기판(20)에 이르기까지 나선상으로 비틀린 구조를 가진다.When no electric field is applied, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 30 filled between the two substrates are arranged in parallel in the long axis direction of the two substrates 10 and 20, and in one substrate 10 to the other substrate 20. It has a spirally twisted structure up to.
두 전극에 전원을 연결하여 액정층에 충분한 크기의 전기장을 형성하였을 때에는 액정층(30)의 액정 분자의 장축이 전기장의 방향과 평행하게 되어, 두 기판(10, 20)에 수직하게 배열한다.When an electric field of sufficient size is formed in the liquid crystal layer by connecting power to both electrodes, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 30 is parallel to the direction of the electric field, and is arranged perpendicular to the two substrates 10 and 20.
이때, 액정층(30)의 액정 분자는 각각의 기판(10, 20)에 동일한 방향으로 형성되어 있는 액정 분자의 배향 방향을 따라 배열된다.At this time, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 30 are arranged along the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules formed in the same direction on the respective substrates 10 and 20.
여기서, 편광판(40, 50)의 투과축은 인접한 두 기판(10, 20)의 액정 배향 방향에 대하여 우측 또는 좌측으로 45도 각도를 가지도록 배치되어 있다. 또한, 두 편광판(40, 50)의 투과축은 서로 90도로 직교하도록 배치되어 있다.Here, the transmission axes of the polarizing plates 40 and 50 are disposed to have a 45 degree angle to the right or the left with respect to the liquid crystal alignment directions of the two adjacent substrates 10 and 20. In addition, the transmission axes of the two polarizing plates 40 and 50 are arranged to be perpendicular to each other by 90 degrees.
이러한 본 발명에 따른 액정 표시 장치에서 액정층(30)을 통과하는 빛에 대한 위상 지연(phase retardation) Δn*d는 λ/2로 하는 것이 바람직하다.In the liquid crystal display according to the present invention, it is preferable that phase retardation Δn * d for light passing through the liquid crystal layer 30 is λ / 2.
여기서, Δn은 액정층(30)의 액정 분자의 장축 방향의 굴절율(n+)에 대한 단축 방향의 굴절율(n-)의 차이이며, λ는 편광판(40, 50)을 투과하는 빛의 파장이다.Here, Δn is the difference between the refractive index n− in the minor axis direction with respect to the refractive index n + in the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 30, and λ is the wavelength of light passing through the polarizing plates 40 and 50.
이때, 액정 분자의 응답 속도를 빠르게 하기 위하여 두 기판(10, 20)의 간격을 조절할 필요가 있는데, 통상적으로 두 기판(10, 20)의 간격을 4.5μm으로 설정하는 경우에는 Δn은 0.05~0.07 정도인 것이 바람직하다.In this case, in order to increase the response speed of the liquid crystal molecules, it is necessary to adjust the distance between the two substrates 10 and 20. In general, when the distance between the two substrates 10 and 20 is set to 4.5 μm, Δn is 0.05 to 0.07. It is preferable that it is about degree.
이러한 본 발명에 따른 액정 표시 장치에서는 두 기판에 각각 형성되어 있는 전극을 통하여 전계를 경우에는 액정 분자는 두 기판(10, 20)에 수직하게 배열되어 굴절율 이방성은 발생하지 않는다. 따라서 하나의 편광판(40)을 통과한 편광된 빛은 다른 편광판(50)에 의해 차단되어 어두운 상태가 된다.In the liquid crystal display according to the present invention, when the electric field is formed through the electrodes formed on the two substrates, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged perpendicular to the two substrates 10 and 20 so that refractive index anisotropy does not occur. Therefore, the polarized light passing through one polarizing plate 40 is blocked by the other polarizing plate 50 to become a dark state.
한편, 전계를 인가하지 않는 경우에는 편광판(40)을 통과하여 액정 분자의 배향 방향에 대하여 45도 방향으로 선편광된 빛은 액정층(30)에 입사된다. 선편광된 빛은 액정층(30) 내에서 액정 분자의 장축 방향을 따라 회전하면서 액정층(30)을 통과하여 밝은 상태가 된다.On the other hand, when no electric field is applied, light linearly polarized in the 45 degree direction with respect to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules through the polarizing plate 40 is incident on the liquid crystal layer 30. The linearly polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer 30 while rotating along the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 30 to become a bright state.
본 발명에 따른 액정 표시 장치는 두 기판에 액정 배향 방향을 동일하게 형성하고, 투과축이 서로 직교하는 두 장의 편광판을 액정 배향 방향에 대하여 45도의 각을 가지도록 두 기판의 바깥 면에 각각 배치한다. 전계를 인가하지 않는 경우에는 액정층을 통과하는 선편광된 빛의 투과축은 회전하게 되어 밝은 상태가 되고, 전계를 충분히 인가하는 경우에는 선편광된 빛은 편광판에 의해 차단되어 어두운 상태가 된다.In the liquid crystal display according to the present invention, the liquid crystal alignment directions are formed on the two substrates in the same manner, and two polarizing plates having transmission axes perpendicular to each other are disposed on the outer surfaces of the two substrates so as to have an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the liquid crystal alignment direction. . When no electric field is applied, the transmission axis of the linearly polarized light passing through the liquid crystal layer is rotated to become bright. When the electric field is sufficiently applied, the linearly polarized light is blocked by the polarizing plate and becomes dark.
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| KR1019970067033A KR100543022B1 (en) | 1997-12-09 | 1997-12-09 | Liquid crystal display |
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| KR100543022B1 KR100543022B1 (en) | 2006-03-28 |
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| KR100878218B1 (en) * | 2001-09-22 | 2009-01-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Liquid crystal display device |
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| JPH0721591B2 (en) * | 1986-04-02 | 1995-03-08 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | Liquid crystal display |
| JPH04319914A (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1992-11-10 | Koudo Eizou Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | Color liquid crystal display element |
| JPH05232464A (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-09-10 | Toshiba Corp | Liquid crystal display element |
| JPH0695117A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1994-04-08 | Seikosha Co Ltd | Liquid crystal panel |
| JP2974564B2 (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1999-11-10 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal electronic device and driving method thereof |
| JP3282986B2 (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 2002-05-20 | 富士通株式会社 | Liquid crystal display |
-
1997
- 1997-12-09 KR KR1019970067033A patent/KR100543022B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100878218B1 (en) * | 2001-09-22 | 2009-01-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Liquid crystal display device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100543022B1 (en) | 2006-03-28 |
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