KR19990023320A - Operating device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an operating device for automatically operating a clutch in a drive train of a motor vehicle.

Description

Operating device

The present invention includes a gearbox for converting a drive movement of a drive motor into an output movement of an output element, and for automatically operating a clutch in a drive train of a vehicle including a drive unit, such as an output element and a drive motor at the output. It relates to an operating device.

Operating devices of the type described above, known as DE 195 04 847, require a large construction space and are less efficient. Similarly, the device is also difficult to assemble and disassemble.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an operating device which requires less construction space. The operating device must be easy to manufacture and assemble. And the present invention provides an operating device having the best auto-locking function and the best efficiency of the device gearbox.

This means that each of the first and second subunits is respectively formed as a closed module and is connected to the structural unit by a mechanical connection, the first subunit having an electrical plug connection and the second subunit having an electrical plug connection and two subunits Is achieved by the present invention as it can be electrically connected by said electrical plug connection.

It is advantageous if one of the two sub units has an independent housing and the sub-unit having the housing is formed as a closed module. It is also advantageous if the at least one sub-unit with the housing is formed as a sealed sub-unit such that no fluid, such as dust or water, is trapped. It is convenient if a mechanical connection is provided between the sub-units by the electrical plug connection. Both electrical and mechanical connections can be made by means of a plug.

And it is advantageous if the mechanical connection is formed between the two sub-units by a snap-fit connection with one or more mechanical keys so that one element of the part is engaged and fixed in the socket of the other part.

It is convenient if the mechanical connection is formed between the sub-units by one or more connection means such as screws, rivets or adhesive connections.

And it is advantageous if the mechanical connection is formed between the sub-units by one or more connection means and this connection device serves to secure the finished structural unit inside the vehicle. The connection of the sub-units is therefore only made by fastening means and electrical connections for fixing the sub-units to the motor vehicle.

Thus, one electrical plug connection is formed as a plug and the other electrical plug connection is formed as a socket.

The housing of a second sub-unit supporting an electronic device, such as a power unit and a control electronic unit, consists of two or more housing shells which can be connected together and the electronic device is mounted between the housing shells. It is advantageous if at least one housing shell of the second sub-unit is made of plastic. It is advantageous if at least one housing shell of the second sub-unit is made of metal. The second sub-unit also includes another electrical plug connection for electrical connection with other automotive electronic units and sensors.

According to the present invention, an operation for automatically operating a clutch in a drive train of a vehicle having a gearbox for converting the drive movement of the drive motor to the output movement of the output element and a drive unit such as an output element and a drive motor at the output portion Including a device, the gearbox consists of two or more parts and the sliding friction clutch is mounted to transmit a force between the output element of the device and the drive unit. It is therefore advantageous if the gearbox consists of two or more parts and one part comprises one or more spur wheel gears. It is also advantageous if the gearbox consists of two or more parts and one part contains the spindle gear. The spindle gear is connected to transfer the force behind the spur wheel gear.

The spur wheel gear consists of two interlocking gear wheels, such as a spur wheel, one gear wheel is mounted to transmit power to the drive and the other gear wheel is mounted to transmit power to the output.

The spur wheel gear is formed as a two-speed gearbox with three gear wheels like the spur wheels. Each of the two gear wheels meshes with each other and the gear wheel of the drive unit, the gear wheel of the output unit and the middle gear wheel in the direction of force Is mounted.

In the drive, the gearwheel is fixedly received and rotatably connected to the output shaft of the drive unit. The sliding friction clutch is also mounted in the direction of the action of the force between a spindle gear element, such as a spindle, at the drive and a gearwheel of the spur wheel gear at the output. This may be the hub of the spindle or the spindle itself or may be an element to which it is actively connected.

The sliding friction clutch is mounted in the driving direction in the direction of the action of the force between the gearwheel of the spur wheel gear and the output shaft of the drive unit. It is therefore advantageous if the sliding friction clutch is mounted in the direction of action of the force between the gearbox parts.

The sliding friction clutch is radially mounted inside the space with the gearwheel teeth of the spur wheel gear. The sliding friction clutch is axially mounted inside the space provided with the gearwheel teeth of the spur wheel gear and extends in the axial direction. The sliding friction clutch is integrated in the gearwheel so that the sliding friction clutch is mounted inside the gearwheel, where each component of the sliding friction clutch, which can be applied as a friction surface, is connected or integrally formed with the gearwheel. The placement of sliding friction clutches, such as integrated structural components, increases the efficiency of space, which is important for today's interior space conditions in accordance with the present invention.

The sliding friction clutch has a first element for supporting the first contact surface and a second element for supporting the second contact surface, the two elements being inclined relative to each other by means of an energy accumulator, which energy accumulator is preferably a leaf spring. The use of a leaf spring as an energy accumulator according to the invention increases the efficiency of the structure space. The leaf springs serve to transfer torque between the friction ring and the hub together with the serrated portions in and out of the radial direction. This requires less structural space and elements such as leaf springs have several functions, which can reduce the number of device components according to the invention. The reduced number of parts thus simplifies the assembly conditions.

The energy accumulator is a coil spring having a round, oval or angled wire material cross section, or a wave spring having a round, oval or angled wire material cross section.

The first element supporting the first contact surface is integral with the gearwheel. According to another embodiment, the first element supporting the first contact surface is meshed with and connected to the gearwheel. The keyed connection is formed in engagement with the cam or tooth in the socket portion.

The first element supporting the first contact surface is configured to have a round annular friction surface or a contact surface. The second element supporting the second contact surface is formed as a round annular element. The round annular element has an arm extending in the radial direction and supporting the contact surface. The round annular element includes an arm extending in the axial direction and forming a key connection with the energy accumulator. The first and second round annular friction surfaces and the contact surfaces are flat.

According to the invention the first and second round annular friction surfaces and the contact surfaces are configured in an axially adjusted form. This can be achieved in that the individual round ring portions formed along the circumference are made axially and have a pitch. The sinusoidal path of the round ring surface can be formed by axial modulation.

The round annular portion of the friction surface, shown in the circumferential direction, has an axially increased pitch, and the other round annular portion of the friction surface, shown in the circumferential direction, has an axially reduced pitch, which in turn is alternating. Pitch increases and decreases.

Therefore, the slope of the portion where the pitch is decreased is the same as the slope of the portion where the pitch is increased.

In another embodiment it is advantageous if the slope of the reduced portion is not equal to the slope of the increased portion. This irregularity generates different tension moments along the traction direction of the electric motor with the same axial force, so that the sliding friction clutch releases the force when the force is transmitted to the output. This can occur with the spindle effect of the spindle gear acting differently in the traction direction.

One of the two elements is biased by means of one or more energy accumulators, such as leaf springs, and the contact and opposing contact surfaces are biased against each other in frictional contact. And the first element supporting the contact surface is advantageous if it is a gearwheel at the output. It is advantageous if the output shaft of the drive unit and the axis of the output element are mounted parallel to each other.

According to the invention the spindle gear comprises a threaded spindle and a nut and the nut is mounted to be able to angularly move but is fixed to be rotatable relative to the housing by a bearing. The nut is mounted to be rotationally fixed relative to the housing but can be moved at an angle adjustable by a calotte bearing. The carote bearing can compensate for the inclination of the nut with respect to the housing.

The carote bearing is formed such that the nut has two hemispherical surfaces, such as the sides, and a spherical contour, with teeth between the hemispherical surfaces, the spherical surface being axle inside the cylinder with the cavity of the two axially biased hemisphere shells Directionally mounted, the cylinder with the cavity has an internal toothed portion for retaining the toothed portion of the nut and the cylinder is fixed to the toothed portion inside the housing by the external toothed portion but retained axially movable do.

The hemispherical shell of the carote bearing is fixedly connected to the cylinder with the cavity. Therefore, one or more hemisphere shells of the carote bearings are fixedly connected to the cavities by means of snap-fit connections or teeth.

The two hemispherical shells and the nuts are biased against each other by the elastic elements. It is advantageous if the elastic element is an energy accumulator such as a spring or if the elastic element is an elastomeric element or plastic such as a rubber ring.

It is advantageous if the operating device is an energy accumulator which exerts an elastic force on the output element between the housing of the device and the output element or element connected thereto. The force exerted on the output element through the energy accumulator assists the operation process through a drive motor such as an electric motor. The energy accumulator may be formed with a pressure spring.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings:

1 shows a sub-unit of another device of the present invention;

2 is a schematic diagram of a sub-unit;

3 shows an apparatus according to the invention;

4 shows a machine part of the device;

5 is a section view of the device according to the invention;

5A is a block diagram of FIG. 5;

5B is a block diagram of FIG. 5;

6 shows a carote bearing;

7 shows an apparatus according to the invention;

8 shows a sliding friction clutch;

9A is a block diagram of a sliding friction clutch;

9B is a block diagram of a sliding friction clutch;

10 is a block diagram of a sliding friction clutch.

Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1 ... operating device 2 ... first sub-unit

3 ... second sub-unit 4 ... drive motor

5 ... electrical plug connector 6 ... housing

7 ... output elements 8a, 8b, 8c ... fixture

1 is an operating device for the automatic operation of a clutch such as a friction clutch, a dry friction clutch, a wet clutch, operating in a fluid, a multi-plate clutch, a converter bridge clutch or other clutches in a drive train of an automobile having a drive motor and a gearbox; The Example of (1) is shown. The operating device 1 comprises a first sub-unit 2 and a second sub-unit 3.

The first sub-unit 2 consists of a housing 6 and an output element 7 as well as an electrical plug connection 5, such as a plug or socket, as well as a drive motor 4 of the operating device. Inside the housing 6 a gearbox is arranged which converts the motion of the motor output shaft into the motion of the output element 7. This housing 6 is a fastening device 8a, 8b, which is used to fasten the first subunit where it is applicable to the body part and the gearbox or the engine component of the motor vehicle or to the second sub-unit. , 8c). Fastening devices such as screws or pins can be engaged through fastening eyes to connect the supporting elements with the operating device in a motor vehicle. One fixing eye 8c is preferably mounted between the cylindrical region 6b and the electric motor 4.

The housing 6 and fixing eyes 8a-8c may be made of fiber reinforced plastics such as glass fiber reinforced polyamides or plastics such as polyamides or metals such as cast aluminum. As such, each area of the housing can be made of metal and the other area can be made of plastic. The fixing eyes 8a-8c are formed as cavity areas injection molded into the housing. The axis of the hollow cylinder is preferably orthogonal to the axis of the electric motor 4.

The plug connection 5 has a snap fit connection such that the mechanical connection of the second sub-unit and the first sub-unit is made by the plug connection as a mechanical connection.

The electrical plug connection functions as an electrical connection of the electric motor 4 and is applicable to sensors arranged inside the housing or on the pole of the engine, such as speed or path sensors, having an electronic control unit and an electrical power supply.

When energizing the electric motor 4, the output element 7 is moved axially. The output element 7 in the end region comprises an L-shaped region 10 supporting the attachment or stud 11 for bowl joints, general joints and other connections. In the region of the axially movable output element 7 the housing is sealed by a seal 9 such as a foldable bellows such that one end of the foldable bellows 9a is connected to the output element and the other end 9b is connected to the housing. Is hermetically connected to. The foldable bellows 9 is preferably made of a flexible material.

The drive motor 4 comprises a bottom plate 4a which is fixed to the fixing surface 6a of the housing 6 by means of a fixing device such as a screw via a fixed opening in the bottom plate 4a.

The housing 6 has a tubular or cylinder region 6b in which the output element 7 is accommodated. This cylinder region has a toothed outer shape 12 in at least one part. This is because the internal toothed portion in this area is provided inside the housing 6b. It is advantageous if the housing 6b is made of plastic. The inner tooth region is preferably formed in the cylindrical housing portion 6b during the injection molding process.

The housing 6 comprises a housing cover 30 which can be fixed to and sealed to the housing by a sealing element. As the sealing element an O-ring inserted into the circumferential groove of the housing 6 can be used. This cover 30 is fixed to the housing 6 by a fixing device such as a screw. The socket area 31 is provided in the housing together with the axial bore and the screws which hold the screws.

2 shows a second sub-unit 3 of the operating device 1 according to the invention. This sub-unit consists of a housing 20, a second housing portion 22, such as a base plate, and a first housing portion 21. Inside the housing 20 are power and control electronics for controlling the operation of the clutch. This base plate 22 is made of a metal part and serves as a cooling plate. The other housing part 21 can be made of plastic. The housing portion includes the openings 23a-23c for the assembly where the alignment and placement of the openings 23a-23c matches the alignment light placement of the openings 8a-8c, such as a fixed eye. The housing also includes concave surfaces 26, 27 which function as positioning parts for the cylindrical elements of the first sub-unit 2, such as the electric motor 4 and the cylinder region 6b. The area 28 is formed flat because it holds the housing of the gearbox.

The housing of the second sub-unit 3 comprises electrical plug connections 24, 25. This plug connection connects the electric motor 4 to the electronic unit of the second sub-unit 3 via the plug 5 of the first sub-unit 2. The plug connection 25 connects the operating device 1 and the power supply and the signal connection connects the operating device 1 to a sensor or other control unit via a data bus.

The two sub-units 2, 3 are sub-units separated in the manufacturing process before being connected to one unit 1 in different manufacturing stages and are equipped as reliable, fully integrated independent modules or functional units. Can be. However, these connections can only be made when assembling the vehicle on the vehicle's production line.

3 shows the assembly of the second sub-unit 3 and the first sub-unit 2 in which the plug connection between the elements 5, 24 is ensured.

The operating device 1 operates the clutch 500 in the drive train 507 of the vehicle 501 having the engine 502 and the gearbox 503, at its output the driven wheel 506 as well as the driven wheel 506. The axle 505 and the drive shaft 504 are mounted.

4 schematically shows the mechanical structure of the operating device 100 from the engine 101 to the output element 150. This drive motor 101 includes an output shaft 103 fixedly mounted so that the gearwheel 102 can rotate. The gearwheel 102 includes a center socket having a different shape from the cylindrical opening so that the non-cylindrical drive shaft 103 of the engine 101 can be keyed to the socket. The gearwheel 102 meshes with an intermediate gearwheel 104 rotatably mounted to the axle 105. The axle 105 is mounted or received on one side in one of the end regions in the cover 30 or the housing 6 of FIG. 1. As such, the shaft can be mounted and received on two sides of the end in the housing and cover. The gearwheel 104 meshes with the gearwheel 106 to transmit the driving force on the engine side to the output element 150.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the gearwheel 102 may be directly engaged with the gearwheel 106 without an intermediate gearwheel. In another embodiment it may be provided with a second intermediate gearwheel.

The arrangement of one or more intermediate gearwheels 104 is advantageous according to the invention in which the gearwheels 102, 106 are smaller in the same axial interval so as to keep the structure space occupied by the gearwheels smaller.

A gearwheel 106 with a slip clutch 108 disposed between the spindle 107 and the gearwheel 106, as shown in FIG. 4, which limits the torque that can be transmitted by the gearwheel 106 to the spindle 107. Drive). The sliding friction clutch comprises two elements which are supported against each other in frictional contact with the first element being part of the gearwheel or connected to transfer torque and the second element connected or integral with the spindle to transfer torque do.

This spindle is rotatably mounted in the attachment device or stud 109 area in the housing of the device by a bearing such as a sliding bearing or a rolling bearing.

The spindle is engaged with a connected nut which is fixedly rotatable to the cylinder element 110 via the centering device. This rotationally fixed connection can be formed as a pair of teeth, one of which is an external tooth on the nut and the other of which is an internal tooth on the cylindrical element. The few teeth act as rotationally fixed guides, such as one or more teeth of the nut that engage the socket of the cylindrical element. As such, the cylindrical element 110 includes one or more radially inward elements such as one or more protrusions that can be engaged with the socket of the nut. The rotationally fixed connection can be formed between the nut and the cylindrical element 110. The nut is formed by a component having an internal thread, the outer contour of the nut can take the form of a sphere or a cylinder which can be formed by setting or recessing a tooth or the like.

The axially fixed sockets, such as the nut and cylindrical element 110, which are rotationally fixed but axially movable through the rotational movement of the spindle 107, can move axially. The cylindrical element 110 has a joint or socket in one region in which an energy accumulator 120, such as a spring, is received and supported in the end region 120b. The energy accumulator 120 is received or supported in the other end region 120b on the housing or joint joint 121.

Output element 150 with rod-like element 112 is active or drive connected or integrally formed with cylindrical element 110. The L-shaped component is mounted in the end region of the element 113 and supports the ball head 114 of the joint or ball joint of the articulated connection.

5A as well as FIG. 5 show a cross section of a device 200 according to the invention for the automatic operation of a clutch such as a friction clutch. The control device may be mounted inside the sub-unit or in another embodiment in a separate housing. The electronic control device 202 of the device is arranged inside one sub-unit, which according to another embodiment may be mounted inside another element, such as a separate housing. The control unit may be mounted inside the central control unit integrated with the engine control unit and the gearbox control unit.

An actor, such as a device for actuating a clutch, may be formed as a sub-unit which can be connected to a sub-unit of a control device in a small unit such as a rescue unit.

The sub-unit 205 of the actor may be electrically connected to the sub-unit of the control device by a plug 206 and a socket 203. The mechanical connection is formed by the plug 206 and the socket 203 when the plug and socket are engaged with each other.

Plug connections 204, such as sockets or plugs, are used as electrical connections and display signal connections between the vehicle battery and the electrical power supply of the vehicle, such as other vehicle control units. The other vehicle control unit includes one of the following control units: engine control, gearbox control, anti-lock brake system control, anti-slip regulating control system, CAN bus and the like.

Actors such as mechanical operating device 205 have an electric motor 210. The motor 210 includes an output shaft 211 that can be mounted in an end region spaced from the motor within the housing 220 of the actor 205. The shaft 211 may be mounted inside the motor housing 221. The gear wheel 212 is mounted to be rotationally fixed on the shaft 211. In an embodiment according to the invention the gearwheel 212 is formed with an internal tooth 214 formed as a notched tooth. This inner tooth 214 meshes with an outer tooth of the motor shaft 211. The gearwheel 212 is secured axially on the shaft by a stabilizing ring 213, such as a spring washer, which engages the circumferential groove of the shaft and secures the gearwheel against axial displacement.

This gearwheel 211 meshes with an intermediate gearwheel 215 which is rotatably mounted by bearing pins 216. The bearing pin is received in one of the end regions in the socket 217 of the housing. It is advantageous if the two axial ends of the bearing pins 216 are received in the socket 217. This socket may be formed as a hole or bore in a housing and housing having a sliding bearing or a rolling bearing.

Gearwheel 215 meshes with gearwheel 225. The gearwheel 225 is rotatably mounted to the hub 226 by a gearwheel 225 having a radially internal surface that is radially slid outwardly or rotatable by the radially outer surface of the hub. . The gearwheel 225 has a radially circular contact surface 227 which is active in connection with the counter contact surface 228 of the friction ring 229 on one side in the radial interior of the tooth 225a. The friction ring 229 therefore has radially expanded circular annular sectors or arms forming the counter contact surface 228. And the friction ring 229 includes an annular region 230 that is axially expanded. The axially inflated or protruding region 230 has teeth or recesses or protrusions.

Since the friction ring 229 biases the force in the axial direction by an energy accumulator such as a leaf spring, the contact surface of the gearwheel 225 is frictionally connected to the counter contact surface 228 of the friction ring 229. The energy accumulator 231 includes radially outer teeth or one or more recesses and protrusions at the radially outer edge 231a. The teeth or one or more recesses or projections are engaged with the projections or teeth and sockets of the friction ring 229 so that the energy accumulator 231 and the friction ring 229 are connected together in a rotationally fixed manner.

The energy accumulator 231 includes one or more recesses or protrusions and teeth engaging the teeth, protrusions or recesses in the radially inner edge region 231b such that the energy accumulator is rotationally fixed to the hub 226. .

Hub 226 has radially internal internal teeth 232, such as notched teeth that engage radially external teeth 233 of spindle shaft 234 of threaded spindle 235.

The gearwheel 225 is axially fixed at the shaft 234 via a stabilizing ring such as spring washers 236 and 236a and a socket 237. Each of the stabilization rings 236, 236a engages in the circumferential groove of the shaft 234. The socket 237 may be received or mounted in a circumferential groove.

Force from the force inlet in the outer tooth region of the gearwheel 225 is transmitted through the contact surface 228 of the contact ring 227 and the friction ring 229 and through the internal tooth 231b of the energy accumulator (energy accumulator). It is delivered to the hub 226 through the outer teeth 231a and friction ring 229 of 231 and from the hub 226 to the shaft 234 of the spindle 235 through the teeth.

The energy accumulator is pretensioned and forms a basic adhesive friction portion for transferring torque or force between the counter contact surface of the friction ring and the contact surface of the gearwheel. If the torque to be transmitted is greater than the basic adhesive friction, the arrangement becomes a sliding clutch and the contact surface slides with respect to the counter contact surface.

The shaft 234 is mounted radially and axially in the housing 220 by means of bearings 271, such as rolling bearings, grooved ball bearings, slide bearings, and the like. Bearing 271 is subjected to radial and axial forces. The bearing 271 is elastic and fixed like an elastic disc 272, such as an energy accumulator, in the socket 220a. The housing 220 forms an attachment device 220a that supports a radially outer bearing ring with the shaft supporting the radially inner bearing ring. When an axial force is applied from the output to the output element, the axial force is transmitted from the output element to the spindle through the nut and here to the housing supported via the bearing 271. This axial force is not guided through the sliding clutch. The moment impact on the output according to the invention will therefore not slip the sliding clutch. The bearing socket of the bearing 271 is hermetically closed by a cap 273, such as a cap, with a sealing ring 274.

Spindle 235 is received by a nut 240 mounted by carote bearing 250 inside the plunger bearing. The plunger thus consists of a cylindrical element 241 in which the nut 240 is mounted. The plunger rod 242 is connected to the cylindrical element and in turn supports the output element 243. Plunger rod 242 is secured to cylindrical element 241 at end region 242a. The cylindrical element is thus made of plastic or injection molded on the plunger rod. For the preferred connection the plunger rod has a set number of cylindrical grooves or screws which engage the threads of the cylindrical element and the cylindrical projections. At the other end 242b the plunger rod 242 engages the socket of the output element 243. The plunger rod is engaged through an opening 245 in which the carote bearing 246 is mounted. The housing is also protected by an elastic bellows 244 fixed to the associated end region by clamping the output element and the housing and the plunger rod.

An energy accumulator, such as compression spring 245, is mounted between the housing and the plunger rod to maintain the force of the electric motor.

Since the fixing eye serves to fix the fixing eye, two or three fixing eyes are provided.

5B is an enlarged cross sectional view of the carote bearing 250 of the spindle drive nut 240. The spindle 235 has a spherical contour 251 and drives a nut 240 formed to have a screw 252 radially inside. In the radially outer region the nut comprises a tooth 253 that engages the counter tooth 254 of the cylindrical element. The nut is rotatably connected to the cylindrical element 241. Spherical nut 240 includes two hemispherical regions in addition to outer tooth 253. Inside the cylindrical element a hollow cylindrical region is arranged which holds the first annular element with the contour of the ball with the cavity, the nut being adjacent to the spherical contour with the cavity. The nut is held or received by the second annular element 256 so that the ball is axially received between the two annular elements 235, 236. The elastic ring 259 is also mounted between the annular element 255 and the cylindrical element. The elastic ring 259 is preferably an O-shaped ring that tensions two bearing shells 255 and 256 against the spindle.

The cylindrical element 241 includes a tooth 257 that engages the counter tooth 258 in the outer edge region. The counter teeth 258 are formed such that the cylindrical element 241 can move axially within the housing but remains fixedly fixed by the teeth.

The one or more bearing shells 255, 256 are preferably fixedly connected axially to the cylindrical element 241 by snap-fit connections. The movable element of at least one bearing shell engages the socket of the cylindrical element. The above engagement forms the locking so that the parts are safely mounted without loss.

The operating actor is preferably formed as a motor-driven actor with an electric motor. The entire machine part of the actor is formed such that the control device 201 is connected together as a structural group or subunit or pushed into a mechanical component. The control device is therefore stored in the housing itself and sealed against the surroundings. This is accomplished by sealing between the housing and the housing cover.

In an embodiment according to the invention the housing of the control device is pushed into an electrical / mechanical component such as a sub-unit or further secured with screws. This mechanical part may be stored separately from the control device and may be housed in a fully integrated manner.

Motor 205 transfers torque to gearwheel or pinion 212 that engages intermediate gearwheel 215 that engages gearwheel 225. The use of an intermediate wheel has the advantage that a relatively small gearwheel can be used at a given axial interval. Axial spacing A is formed from the diameter and motor diameter required for the next spindle step. The first shift ratio step consisting of two or three gearwheels 212, 215, 225 represents the first deceleration. Thus torque increases and speed decreases.

In another embodiment, the form of the first speed ratio stage, such as the belt drive in place, is advantageous, such as the spur wheel stage described above, to connect a given axial spacing A to generate the speed ratio.

The sliding clutch rests on one gearwheel 212, 215, 225, preferably the gearwheel 225 on the output. The clutch transmits the torque up to a constant torque transmission and blocks the torque flow when the constant torque moment is exceeded. Therefore, it is not overloaded with the mechanical components of the actor.

Slip through the overload clutch can be detected by the path measurement integrated into the actor and compensates for the internal path measurement with a significant up movement of the stop.

At the output, the gearwheel 225 drives the spindle 235 which, together with the rotationally fixed spindle nut 240, converts the rotational movement of the motor into linear movement of the output element. This spindle 235 is mounted on the side adjacent to the gearwheel 225 by means of a rolling bearing 241, in particular a ball bearing with grooves. The bearing is subjected to radial and axial forces acting from teeth and outputs. The bearing itself is fixed to the elastic disc 242. One bearing of the spindle shaft causes an angular movement of the spindle relative to the housing. Spindle nut 235 has a spherical outer structure and is mounted to two spherical bearing shells 255 and 256. Spindle nut 240 has a nose or teeth 253 on a circumference that engages a small play in guide track 254 at output 241 in which bearing shells 255 and 256 are formed. This arrangement allows angular motion between spindle nut 240 and output component 242. The torque transfers free motion from the spindle nut 240 to the output component 242. Bearing shells 255 and 256 are pretensioned with an elastic component, in particular O-ring 259, relative to spindle nut 240. Thus, the degree of freedom of play is achieved between the components. And the wear of the plastic parts used is compensated within a certain value. The output component 242 is also subjected to a force applied by the spring 245 used to compensate. The spring 245 is supported at the other end relative to the housing. In this arrangement the spring plate 260 radially supports the output component relative to the housing and deflects the torque. The output component 241 includes one or more noses 257 around the circumference that can transmit torque to the housing and have a small clearance in the guide path 258 of the housing and are axially movable.

The guide path 258 forms the teeth 257 and the straight guide of the cylindrical element, the guide path 258 of the straight guide being inserted into the housing of the device and integrally formed. This is preferably done by injection molding using plastics. Thus no structural element needs to be used for the straight guide which reduces the structural space in the radial direction.

The output component 242 is mounted to another part of the carote bearing 246 in the housing and sealed with a folding or rolling bellows 244 relative to the housing. This entire assembly prevents pushing the spindle or other part against the spindle nut against the housing.

The axial movement of the output component is transmitted to the separation system of the clutch via a force inlet component such as ball head 261. The advantage of the above arrangement is that each part can be changed individually to match the other clutch. For example, the gear ratio of the spur wheel stage is changed by maintaining the spindle pitch, where all other components can be reused.

6 shows each component 300 of the output element and the carote bearing 301. The carote bearing 301 consists of a cylindrical element 310, including a cylindrical region 312 with a cavity, having an internal tooth 311, such as a guide path. In one end region the cylindrical element 310 has a cavity with a longitudinal slit 313 which drives the cylindrical region 312 with the cavity along the set axial length to the axial tongue 316. In the cylindrical region 312. The tongue 316 has a radially set elasticity. A portion of the opening 314 is placed in the tongue, and the protrusion 330 of the bearing shell 311 is engaged with the opening. The cylindrical element includes a nose 315 that engages the socket of the housing to be secured against rotation.

An elastic O-ring is disposed in the cylindrical element 310. A bearing shell 332 is then inserted which has a hemispherical inner contour 333 with a cavity. One side of the nut 340 having a hemispherical shape 341 is disposed relative to the inner contour 333. Nut 340 includes two hemispherical regions 341 and 342, which are mounted and biased against bearing shells 332 and 331. An annular tooth 343 is formed between the two hemispherical bearing regions 341 and 342 which tooth 343 engages with the socket 311. The plunger 350 is connected to the cylindrical element 310 and transmits the actuation force of the electric motor to the clutch.

7 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. The electric motor 400 drives the wheel 401 on a motor shaft that is drive connected to the second wheel 402 via contact elements 403 such as toothed belts, belts, chains and the like. Wheels 401 and 402 can be formed as non-cog wheels or gear wheels. The wheel 402 is driven in active connection with the spindle 404.

FIG. 8 shows a sliding clutch 500 within the gearwheel 501 of the operating actor, in particular in the radial interior of the tooth 502 of the gearwheel 501. In another preferred embodiment the sliding clutch 500 is mounted radially and axially in the space required for the teeth 502 of the gearwheel 501. The gearwheel 501 has a contact surface 502 biased by a counter contact surface 504 of an annular element 505 such as a friction ring. The contact surface of the gearwheel 501 is formed as a circularly extending radially extending surface. This surface is flat. In another embodiment, the contact surface has a surface that changes in the axial direction.

The axially adjusted surface 503 consists of another partial surface. One side has a positive pitch along the circumference and the other side has a negative pitch along the circumference, with each neighboring surface having this pitch and lying alternately in the axial direction. As can be seen along the circumference, this forms an axially changing gradient path. A lamp ring is formed which alternately has a surface with an increasing surface portion and a surface with a decreasing surface portion.

The counter contact surface 504 of the friction ring 505 is formed as a partial ring extending in the radial direction, and the some ring 505a protruding in the axial direction supports the teeth 506 at the end.

An energy accumulator 507, such as a leaf spring, has teeth 508 in the radial outer ring region where the teeth of the teeth 508 engage the teeth of the teeth 506 and the leaf springs 507 and the lamp ring. Keyed connections that are rotationally fixed between 505 are formed. The leaf spring also includes an internal tooth 509 that engages the tooth 511 of the hub 510 at its radially inner edge region. Therefore, the rotationally fixed connection is formed between the leaf spring 507 and the hub 510. The gearwheel 501, the sliding friction clutch ring 505, the leaf spring 507 and the hub 510 are received in the shaft 520 and fixed axially by discs and safety rings 521, 522, 523. Safety hooks, such as spring washers 521,523, engage circumferential grooves 524,525 of the spindle shaft.

Since the energy accumulator 507 is installed in the gearwheel under pretensioning action, the pretension force of the energy accumulator exerts the required normal force to allow the frictional connection between the gearwheel and the friction ring to transmit torque.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical components of the operating actor are made to be able to drive each component with respect to the rigid stop. Dynamic deformation can be considered as a set size of the component.

In another embodiment of the present invention, it is advantageous for the inner stop of the actor to be made more flexible and to be driven equally.

In another embodiment, a sliding friction clutch or an overload clutch is provided in the direction of force transmission of the operating actor between the drive and the output to limit the movement of the force when the maximum force is exceeded to protect the operating actor component against overload.

No simple additional component or construction space is required for the sliding friction clutch or the overload clutch. The overload protection device acts on internal and external stops. Through this mechanism, no useful actor paths are lost.

Slip confirmation can be made simply by software technology, where the high speed of the drive is sensed when the motor is energized or without the high speed operation of the output with a given drive force. Similarly, another embodiment may detect when the motor is fully charged.

Properly shaped components can use movement on the stop to compensate the sensor for incremental path measurements.

The path sensor for adjusting the position of the electric motor in the actor according to the embodiment of the present invention is made of an analog system. The advantage of an analog system is that the signal, which can be measured analogously, contains information about the absolute position of the detachable clutch. The connection state of the clutch can be detected accurately and reliably each time. Driving to known stops can be prevented through control.

In another embodiment of the present invention the actor comprises incremental path measurements. This incremental path measurement can only measure relative position changes. The absolute position can be found by integration. If a counting error occurs, the measured position is out of the actual position and an error occurs when measuring absolute position or connection.

In another embodiment over-moment connection is proposed in the present invention. According to the embodiment when the cloud rolls on a defined curved path when separated, it is possible to obtain a good response pattern and an accurate connection point having a low history phenomenon. This roller is mounted between the contact surface and the counter contact surface as shown in FIG.

The sliding friction clutch applies only contact pressure and friction values to determine the separation moment.

Advantageous embodiments according to the invention are formed in the form of lamp rings. The normal force required is reduced through the action of the inclined surfaces of some of each of the contact and counter contact surfaces.

More structural space is not required by the integrated device. The overload clutch is shown in FIG. 8 and includes a component, a gear wheel 501, a ramp ring 505, a leaf spring 507, a hub 510, and a run-up disc 522. In addition, two safety rings 521 and 523 are assembled for axial fixation. The drive is formed through the teeth of the gearwheel, and the output is formed through the output shaft, represented as spindle 524.

The gearwheel 501 is preferably made of plastic, in which fiber reinforced materials such as glass fiber reinforced polyamide (PA) or polyoxymethylene (POM) are used. The first lamp ring 503 is therefore used at the neutral value of the gearwheel and can be injection molded, for example by injection molding technology. The second lamp ring 505 is squeezed by the leaf spring 507 against the first lamp ring 503. The second lamp ring may be formed of metal or plastic, such as a steel sheet. Leaf spring 507 generates contact pressure to transfer torque from ramp ring 505 to hub 510 and functions as an axial error compensator.

The leaf spring 507 can then be used to axially pretension the element adjacent to the structure to mount it without play. Hub 510 transfers torque from leaf spring 507 to output shaft 524 made as a spindle. Hub 510 has staged webs outward around the circumference to introduce teeth therein, such as notched teeth or grooves and polygons or wedges. The outer teeth of the shaft 520 engage the inner teeth of the hub 510.

The gearwheel 501 rotates against the hub 510 only when detached so it is mounted radially without the socket of the hub 510. The hub 510 may be formed as a cold formed part, a rolled part or a cast zinc part. The hub 510 is used to introduce torque into the shaft 520.

The gearwheel 501 moves against the ramp ring 505 with respect to the simple disc. Axial fixation elements are indicated by 521 and 523.

The transmission of moment or force in the normal operating mode consists of a ramp ring 505 through the inclined ramp face at the gearwheel 501, where it is transmitted to the leaf spring 507 via the outer tongue, the leaf spring. From 507 through the inner tongue to the nose of hub 510 and from hub 510 to output shaft 520.

The gearwheels are shown in compartments without crawling, which may be reversed when the ramps are engaged with each other after the momentum is interrupted by lifting the lamp rings apart from each other with structurally set moments. Through a relatively large rotation angle, the sudden moment drop is sufficient to be noticed by the controller. Therefore, the slippage of the clutch can be expressed as a correlation between the reduction of engine moment and the large rotation angle or high speed. When both signals occur, slippage can be confirmed by the control unit. Although dynamic loads are not sufficient to allow the overload clutch to slide sufficiently, the path of rising force on the ramp path provides good stop detection. The overload clutch can be easily removed even in the presence of external disturbances.

9A and 9B are side views of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8. Gearwheel 501 is shown without external teeth 502. A contact surface 503 having a lamp like structure is shown. The counter contact surface 504 has an axially extending edge. The contact surface 503 and the counter contact surface 504 do not rotate relative to each other but contact each other with respect to the entire surface. The teeth 508 of the leaf spring 507 mesh with the teeth of the annular region. The hub 510 lies radially within the energy accumulator so that the placement of the hub and gearwheel is fixed axially through the safety hooks 521, 523 and the run-up disc is mounted axially between the spring 550 and the gearwheel 501. do.

The opposing round annular surface of the sliding friction clutch biased by an energy accumulator, such as leaf spring 508, has two round annular portions 552, 553, one portion 552 having a raised pitch and the other portion 553. ) Has a decreasing pitch in the circumferential direction and the portion has an extension in the axial direction.

In FIG. 9B, the gearwheel rotates about the friction ring 504 so that slippage can be detected as non-surface contact of the parts 503 and 504.

10 shows a structure according to the invention with two flat friction surfaces 503 and 504 facing each other.

The foregoing embodiment includes an actor with a motor having a motor output shaft that can rotate about an axis. Behind the motor output shaft is a second gearbox with a spur wheel gear in the first stage and a spindle gear as the second gear. One or more gear stages are formed by chain wheels and chains or formed by a traction device gearbox or other contact gearbox, such as a toothed belt drive. The spur wheel stage can also be used as an intermediate gear wheel. In another form it is advantageous if the shafts of the electric motor and the output element are connected via a bevel wheel gearbox which is mounted at an angle other than 180 degrees or in parallel so that the shafts cross each other in the extension. The electric motor is fixed to the actor housing and the spur wheels are placed on the shaft and connected in rotation. The spur wheel is driven through the spur wheel, which is mounted so that it can rotate but not move in the housing. The spur wheel is mounted to be rotatable by the bearing and fixed axially. The axial fixation of the bearings and spur wheels can be made by the supporting and fixing elements. The teeth of the spur wheel are engaged with the teeth of the spur wheel to form a drive connection. The second spur wheel functions as a nut of the spindle gear. The gear wheel is made as a metal part or injection molded part in which the nut of the spur wheel is formed as a threaded sleeve. However, this nut need not be formed as a solid nut with screws in a space around 180 degrees. The nut may be formed as an angular segment having a tooth angular area of 360 degrees or less, in particular 180 degrees or less. The spindle is mounted to the housing by means of a torque-bearing linear guide so that the bearing can simultaneously perform a non-rotating locking function. The energy accumulator is accommodated by a socket, such as a port, mounted coaxially with the linear guide and adjacent to the housing at one end and active connected to the spindle at the other end. The energy accumulator maintains an electric motor while the torque transfer system is in operation while springs are held in the housing and plate.

Two methods of connecting to the outputs in the actors of the present application are possible: on the right side a master cylinder or a release lever can be attached to the area through or directly through the articulation joint. On the left side of the figure the Bowden cable can be attached to the area, for example via a release lever or directly, with the output element biased in traction and the output element biased under pressure.

In the form with only one output element, one side or the other side may be sealed by the housing.

And the energy accumulator may be configured to bias the spindle in reverse. It is an end fixed to the housing facing the spur wheel, wherein the movable end of the energy accumulator is spaced apart from the spur wheel. Therefore, the direction of force in the torque transmission system is the opposite of the direction of force in the actor. The working pressure is applied in one area and the working tension in the other area. Through traction and pressure exchange, it may be necessary to replace spring bearings, such as spring bearings or entrained spring bearings, which are fixed to the housing. In this embodiment the linear guide is displaced.

According to the foregoing, there is represented a multi-stage actor, such as a second gearbox in which the first gear is a spur wheel gear and the second gear is a spindle gear. The spur wheel is rotatable but mounted to be axially fixed by the bearing and the body of the spur wheel forms a nut of the spindle gear, the spindle being fixed to rotation but axially movable by a bearing such as a linear guide. Is mounted.

In another example, the motor drives the spur wheels by means of a motor shaft which drives the spur wheels which can rotate but are fixed axially by means of bearings. The spur wheel includes an extension that is connected to the threaded spindle. The screw spindle is engaged with a nut which is rotationally fixed but mounted axially movable, the output element being a slider of the nut. In this embodiment the spindle rotates with the spur wheel and a rotational lock or linear guide is mounted between the spindle and the spur wheel with the nut fixedly rotated but movably axially mounted.

According to another variant, the drive motor drives the spur wheels by means of a motor output shaft, which in turn drives the spur wheels. This spur wheel can rotate but is fixedly mounted axially by a bearing. The spur wheel and the spindle are rotationally fixed but axially mounted relative to each other and the nut of the spindle gear is rotationally fixed with the housing so that the spindle moves axially simultaneously while the spindle is rotating.

Another example shows a motor having a spur wheel and a motor output shaft which can be rotated by means of a bearing but fixedly mounted axially. The nut is rotationally fixed with the spur wheel but can be moved axially and the screw spindle is fixedly mounted to the housing so that the nut can be set to rotate and move axially while the spur wheel is rotating. Works.

The patent claims appended hereto are described in terms that are subject to extensive protection. Applicants of the present invention have the rights to the features shown in the detailed description and drawings.

The subclaims refer to other forms that follow the subject matter of the main claim through the features of each related subclaim; It should not be considered as ineligible for independent subject protection to the features of the subclaims described.

The subject matter of the sub-claims may constitute an independent invention having a form independent of the subject matter of the preceding claims.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the detailed description. Various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the invention, which can be variously applied by combining and modifying individual features, elements, or process steps described in the detailed description, examples, and claims, and the combined features are manufactured This will lead to new process steps or new features in the inspection and work processes.

Claims (52)

A first subunit having an output element and a drive motor at the output, a second subunit including an electronic unit such as a gearbox for converting the drive motion of the drive motor into an output motion of the output element, and a power / control electronic device; In the operating device for automatically operating the clutch in a drive train of a vehicle comprising: each of the first and second sub-units is formed as a closed module and can be combined into a unitary unit by a mechanical connection and the first sub-unit And an electrical plug connection, the second sub-unit also comprising an electrical plug connection, wherein the two sub-units are capable of electrically transferring the electrical plug connection by means. 2. The operating device of claim 1, wherein one of the two sub-units has an independent housing and the sub-unit with the housing is formed as a closed module. 3. An operating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sub-unit with housing is configured as a sealed sub-unit such that no fluid or dust such as water gets caught. The operating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mechanical connecting portion is provided between the sub units by an electric plug connecting portion. 3. The operating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mechanical connection is formed between two sub-units by a snap-fit connection secured by one or more mechanical keys. 3. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical connection is formed between the sub-units by one or more connection means such as screws, rivets or adhesive connections. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical connecting portion is formed between the sub-units by one or more connecting means, the one or more connecting means having the function of fixing the finished structural unit inside the vehicle. 3. The operating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one electrical plug connection is formed as a plug and the other electrical plug connection is formed as a socket. 2. The operating device of claim 1, wherein the housing of the second sub-unit holding an electronic device, such as a power / control electronic unit, consists of two or more housing shells that can be connected together. The operating device of claim 1, wherein the at least one housing shell of the second sub unit is made of plastic. The operating device of claim 1, wherein the one or more housing shells of the second subunit are made of metal. 2. The operating device of claim 1, wherein the second sub-unit includes another electrical plug to be electrically connected with other vehicle electronic units and sensors. An operating device for automatically operating a clutch in a drive train of a vehicle comprising an output element at the output and a drive unit such as a drive motor, the gearbox converting the drive movement of the drive motor to the output movement of the output element. Wherein the gearbox has at least two partial gearboxes and the sliding friction clutch is mounted so as to transmit force between the output element of the device and the drive unit. 14. An operating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the gearbox consists of two or more gearbox parts and one gearbox part comprises one or more spur wheel gears. 14. An operating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the gearbox consists of two or more gearbox parts and one gearbox part comprises one or more spindle gears. 14. The operating device of claim 13, wherein the spindle gear is connected behind the spur wheel gear to transfer force. 17. The spur wheel gear according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the spur wheel gear is formed as a gearbox once having two interlocking gear wheels, such as a spur wheel, one gear wheel being mounted in the direction of the action of the force in the drive section. And one gearwheel is mounted in the direction of action of the force at the output. 17. The spur wheel gear according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the spur wheel gear is formed of a two-speed gearbox having three gear wheels, such as a spur wheel, each two gear wheels meshing with each other and driving the gear wheel with the gear wheel. Operating device, characterized in that the gearwheel and the intermediate gearwheel at the output is mounted in the direction of the action of the force. 19. The operating device according to claim 17 or 18, wherein in the drive the gearwheel is received in rotational fixation on the output shaft of the drive unit. 20. The operating device according to any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the sliding friction clutch is mounted in the direction of the action of the force between a spindle gear element, such as a spindle, at the drive and a gearwheel of the spur wheel gear at the output. . 19. The operating device according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the sliding friction clutch is mounted in the driving direction in the direction of the action of the force between the gearwheel of the spur wheel gear and the output shaft of the drive unit. 22. The operating device according to any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein the sliding friction clutch is radially mounted in the space for the gearwheel teeth of the spur wheel gear. 23. The operating device according to any one of claims 13 to 22, wherein the sliding friction clutch is mounted axially in a space for the gearwheel teeth of the spur wheel gear. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the sliding friction clutch is integrated in the gearwheel. The sliding friction clutch of claim 1, wherein the sliding friction clutch consists of a first element supporting a first contact surface and a second element having a second contact surface, the two elements being biased relative to one another by an energy accumulator. Operating device. 27. The operating device of claim 25, wherein the energy accumulator is a leaf spring. 27. The operating device of claim 25, wherein the energy accumulator is a coil spring having a cross section of wire-like material that is circular, elliptical, or angled. 27. The operating device of claim 25, wherein the energy accumulator is a wave spring having a cross section of circular, elliptical or angled wire like material. 27. The operating device of claim 25, wherein the first element supporting the first contact surface is integral with the gearwheel. 27. The operating device of claim 25, wherein the first element supporting the first contact surface is engaged with the gearwheel in engagement with the key. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the first element supporting the first contact surface is formed of a round annular frictional contact surface. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the second element supporting the second contact surface is formed of a round annular element. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the round annular element comprises an arm extending in the radial direction and supporting the contact surface. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the round annular element includes an arm extending in the axial direction and connected to the energy accumulator by a key. The operating device of claim 1, wherein the first and second round annular friction surfaces or contact surfaces are flat. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second round annular friction surfaces or contact surfaces are configured in an axially adjusted form or contour. The pitch according to claim 1, wherein a part of the round annular portion of the frictional surface in the circumferential direction has a pitch that increases in the axial direction and another part of the round annular portion of the frictional surface is shown in the circumferential direction and the pitch decreases in the axial direction. And an axial form of the friction surface is adjusted such that the annular portion pitch alternately increases and decreases. 38. The operating device of claim 37, wherein the slope of the decreasing annular portion coincides with the slope of the increasing annular portion. 38. The operating device of claim 37, wherein the slope of the decreasing annular portion does not match the slope of the increasing annular portion. The operating device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the two elements is biased by an energy accumulator, such as a leaf spring, and the contact and counter contact surfaces are biased against each other in frictional contact. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the first element supporting the contact surface is a gearwheel at the output. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the output shaft of the drive unit and the axes of the output elements are mounted parallel to each other. The operating device of claim 1, wherein the spindle gear comprises a threaded spindle and a nut, the nut being axially movable but rotationally fixed to the housing by a bearing. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein the nut is rotatably mounted relative to the housing, although the nut can be moved by means of a carote bearing. The carotene bearing according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a carote bearing is formed such that the nut takes a spherical contour with two hemispherical surfaces as side and the teeth are provided between the surfaces, the spherical surfaces of the two axially biased hemispherical shells. Cavities axially housed inside the hollow cylinder, the hollow cylinder including an inner tooth for retaining the teeth of the nut and the cylinder being rotatably fixed to the tooth inside the housing by means of the outer tooth but held axially movable Characterized in that the operating device. 46. The operating device of claim 45, wherein at least one hemispherical shell of the carote bearing is rotationally fixed to the cavity cylinder. 46. The operating device of claim 45, wherein the at least one hemispherical shell of the carote bearing is axially fixedly connected to the cavity cylinder by teeth or snap-fit connections. 46. The operating device of claim 45, wherein the two hemispherical shells and the nuts are biased relative to each other by elastic elements. 49. The operating device of claim 48, wherein the resilient element is an energy accumulator such as a spring. 49. The operating device of claim 48, wherein the elastic element is an elastomeric element or plastic, such as a rubber ring. The operating device according to claim 1, wherein an energy accumulator is applied between the housing of the device and the output element or the element connected thereto to apply an elastic force to the output element. An operating device and a method of operation according to the invention for operating an automatic clutch characterized by the specific construction according to the invention.