KR19980083100A - Simultaneous trap of tritium (3H) and radiocarbon (14C) in the atmosphere - Google Patents
Simultaneous trap of tritium (3H) and radiocarbon (14C) in the atmosphere Download PDFInfo
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- KR19980083100A KR19980083100A KR1019970018246A KR19970018246A KR19980083100A KR 19980083100 A KR19980083100 A KR 19980083100A KR 1019970018246 A KR1019970018246 A KR 1019970018246A KR 19970018246 A KR19970018246 A KR 19970018246A KR 19980083100 A KR19980083100 A KR 19980083100A
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- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/02—Treating gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
- B01D46/4272—Special valve constructions adapted to filters or filter elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/346—Controlling the process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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Abstract
본 발명은 대기중에 존재하는 삼중수소를 화학형별(수분상태 삼중수소 : HTO, 가스상태 삼중수소 : HTO)로 포집함과 동시에 방사성탄소를 동시에 포집하는 포집장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a trapping device for simultaneously capturing radioactive carbon simultaneously with trapping tritium present in the atmosphere by chemical type (moisture tritium: HTO, gaseous tritium: HTO).
그 구성은 유입구 측으로부터 먼지제거 필터(1), 유입공기 제어밸브(2)를 거쳐 포집장치 내부압을 조절하는 압력조절용 압력조절계(3)와, 포집유량 조절을 위한 유량조절 제어기(4), 가스유량제(5), 타이머(6), 포집유량중 수분 제거장치로 설치된 계절전환 스위치(8), 제습장치 수분 포집용기(10)와, 삼중수소를 화학형별로 포집하는 장치로서 수증기 형태의 삼중수소 포집부(11), 산소가스발생장치(12), 산소가스의 수분제거부(13), 가스상태 삼중수소의 산화용 칼럼(14), 가스상태 삼중수소의 포집부(15)와, 펌프(16)을 거쳐 방사성탄소 포집부(18)가 일련적으로 설치된다.Its configuration includes a pressure control system (3) for adjusting the internal pressure of the collecting device via a dust removal filter (1), an inlet air control valve (2) from the inlet side, a flow control controller (4) for adjusting the collection flow rate, A gas flow agent (5), a timer (6), a seasonal switching switch (8) installed as a water removal device in the collection flow rate, a dehumidification device water collection container (10), and tritium is a device for trapping by chemical type of water vapor type Tritium collection unit 11, oxygen gas generator 12, oxygen gas water removal unit 13, gaseous tritium oxidation column 14, gaseous tritium collection unit 15, A radiocarbon collection unit 18 is installed in series via a pump 16.
Description
본 발명은 대기중에 존재하는 방사성물질인 삼중수소(3H)와 방사성탄소(14C)를 분석하는데 필요한 포집장치로서 방사선측정기술 분야에 속한다.The present invention belongs to the field of radiometric technology as a capture device for analyzing tritium ( 3 H) and radiocarbon ( 14 C) which are radioactive materials present in the atmosphere.
본 발명은 대기중에 존재하는 삼중수소를 화학형별(수분상태 삼중수소 : HTO, 가스상태 삼중수소 : HT)로 포집함과 동시에 방사성탄소를 동시에 포집하는 포집장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a trapping system for simultaneously capturing radioactive carbon at the same time by collecting tritium present in the atmosphere by chemical type (moisture tritium: HTO, gaseous tritium: HT).
종래의 경우 삼중수소 및 방사성탄소를 포집하기 위하여 각각의 포집장치를 별도로 사용하지 않으면 안되기 때문에 시간적으로나 경제적으로 비능률적이며 불편한 점이 있었다.In the conventional case, since each collection device must be used separately to collect tritium and radiocarbon, there was an inefficient and inconvenient time and economics.
또한, 기존의 대기포집장치는 삼중수소를 화학형별로 포집할 수 없으며 여름 및 겨울철과 같이 외부 온도가 매우 높거나 낮은 경우 포집용액 및 흡수제의 증발 및 동결현상이 일어나 일주일 이상의 장기간 포집이 곤란하였다.In addition, the existing air trapping device is not able to capture tritium by chemical type, and when the external temperature is very high or low, such as summer and winter, the collection solution and the absorbent evaporate and freeze, which makes it difficult to collect for more than a week.
따라서 본 발명은 이러한 종래의 포집장치의 단점을 개선하기 위한 동시 대기포집장치로서 대기중 삼중수소를 화학형별로 포집함은 물론 방사성 탄소를 동시에 포집할 수 있도록 하였다.Therefore, the present invention is to simultaneously collect the radioactive carbon as well as to collect tritium in the atmosphere by chemical type as a simultaneous atmospheric collection device to improve the disadvantages of the conventional collection device.
또한, 제습장치의 냉방능력의 일부를 포집용액이 장착되어 있는 부위로 선회 시킴으로서 여름철 높은 온도로 인한 포집용액의 증발현상을 방지시켰고 겨울철에는 온도센서에 의해 히터가 자동으로 작동되도록 하여 포집용액의 동결현상을 방지하여 급격한 온도변화에도 견딜 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 장기간 포집도 가능하도록 하였다.In addition, by turning a part of the cooling capacity of the dehumidifier to the area where the collecting solution is installed, it prevents the evaporation of the collecting solution due to the high temperature in the summer and the heater is automatically operated by the temperature sensor in the winter to freeze the collecting solution. By preventing the phenomenon, it can not only withstand rapid temperature changes but also collect for a long time.
본 발명은 대기중에 존재하는 삼중수소를 화학형별(수분상태 삼중수소 : HTO, 가스상태 삼중수소 : HT)로 포집함과 동시에 방사성탄소를 동시에 포집하는 포집장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a trapping system for simultaneously capturing radioactive carbon at the same time by collecting tritium present in the atmosphere by chemical type (moisture tritium: HTO, gaseous tritium: HT).
종래의 경우 삼중수소 및 방사성 탄소를 포집하기 위하여 각각의 포집장치를 별도로 사용하지 않으면 안되기 때문에 시간적으로나 경제적으로 비능률적이며 불편한 점이 많다.In the conventional case, since each collection device must be used separately to collect tritium and radiocarbon, it is inefficient and inconvenient in time and economically.
또한, 대기포집장치는 야외에 설치하는 장비로서 여름 및 겨울철과 같이 외부 온도가 매우 높거나 낮은 경우 포집용액 및 흡수제의 증발 및 동결현상이 일어나 일주일 이상의 장기 포집이 곤란하며 정확한 포집이 곤란하다.In addition, the air collecting device is an equipment installed outdoors, and when the external temperature is very high or low, such as summer and winter, evaporation and freezing of the collecting solution and the absorbent are difficult, and thus, it is difficult to collect the organ for more than a week and accurate collection is difficult.
본 발명은 단일 대기 포집장치를 이용하여 대기중 삼중수소의 화학형별 포집 및 방사성탄소를 동시 포집할 수 있고 급격한 온도변화에도 견딜 수 있으며 한달 이상의 장기간 포집도 가능한 대기포집장치를 개발하고져 하였다.The present invention has been made to develop an air trapping device capable of simultaneously collecting tritium in the atmosphere of tritium and radiocarbon by using a single air trapping device, withstanding rapid temperature changes, and capable of collecting for more than a month.
본 발명의 초점은 삼중수소 포집부분과 방사성탄소 포집부분을 직렬로 연결하여 대기중 삼중수소와 방사성탄소를 동시에 포집할 수 있도록 하였다.The focus of the present invention is to connect the tritium collecting portion and the radiocarbon collecting portion in series to simultaneously capture tritium and radiocarbon in the atmosphere.
또한, 산화장치를 부착하여 가스상태의 삼중수소를 수분상태의 삼중수소로 산화시켜 화학형별 삼중수소를 동시에 포집할 수 있도록 함은 물론 대기중 수분을 제거하는 제습장치의 냉방능력 일부를 방사성탄소 포집용액이 장착되어 있는 부위로 선회하도록 하여 여름철 높은 외부온도로 인한 포집용액의 증발현상을 방지시켰고 겨울철에는 온도 센서에 의해 히터가 자동으로 작동되도록 하여 포집용액의 동결현상을 방지하였다.In addition, by attaching an oxidizer, the gaseous tritium is oxidized to tritium in the water state to simultaneously collect tritium by chemical type, and the radiocarbon capture part of the cooling capacity of the dehumidification device that removes moisture from the air. By turning to the site where the solution is installed, the evaporation phenomenon of the collection solution was prevented due to the high external temperature during the summer and the heater was automatically operated by the temperature sensor during the winter to prevent the freezing phenomenon of the collection solution.
도 1은 본 발명의 정면도1 is a front view of the present invention
*도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명** Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawings *
(1) : 먼지 제거 필터(2) : 유입 공기 제어 밸브(1): dust removal filter (2): inlet air control valve
(3) : 압력 조절계(3): pressure regulator
(4) : 유량조절 제어기(Mass flow controller)(4): Mass flow controller
(5) : 가스유량계(6) : 타이머(5): gas flow meter (6): timer
(7) : 포집유량 카운터(8) : 계절 전환 스위치(7): collection flow counter (8): seasonal changeover switch
(9) : 제습장치(10) : 수분포집용기(9) Dehumidifier (10): Water collection container
(11) : 수증기 형태의 삼중수소 포집부(HTO 칼럼)(11): tritium collection unit in water vapor form (HTO column)
(12) : 산소가스 발생장치(13) : 산소가스의 수분 제거부(12): oxygen gas generator (13): water removal part of oxygen gas
(14) : 가스상태 삼중수소의 산화용 칼럼(14): column for oxidation of gaseous tritium
(15) : 가스상태 삼중수소의 포집부(HT 칼럼)(15): collection part of gaseous tritium (HT column)
(16) : 펌프16: pump
(17) : 방사성탄소 포집트랩간 역류방지용 밸브(17): Non-return valve between radioactive carbon traps
(18) : 방사성탄소 포집부(18): radiocarbon collection part
(19) : 펌프로의 포집용액 역류방지 밸브(Solenoid 밸브)(19): Collecting solution backflow check valve to pump (Solenoid valve)
(20) : 기상관측장비(ⓐ 우량계 ⓑ 습도계 ⓒ 온도계)(20): Meteorological observation equipment (ⓐ Rain gauge ⓑ Hygrometer ⓒ Thermometer)
이를 첨부도면에 의거하여 상세히 설명하면 다음같다.This will be described in detail based on the accompanying drawings.
본 발명의 구성은 크게 유입 유량 조절 및 제어부분(1-8), 화학형별 삼중수소 포집부(9-15), 방사성탄소 포집부(17-19)로 구성되어 있으며, 포집시의 기상조건을 파악하기 위한 보조장비인 기상 관측계(20)로 구성되어 있다.The configuration of the present invention is largely composed of the inlet flow rate control and control part (1-8), tritium collection unit (9-15), radiocarbon collection unit (17-19) for each chemical type, the weather conditions at the time of collection It consists of a weather observation system 20 which is an auxiliary device for grasping.
대기중의 먼지를 제거하는 필터(1)를 통과시킨 다음 유입 공기 제어 밸브(2)로 포집유량을 대략적으로 조절하도록 하였다.Passing through the filter (1) for removing the dust in the atmosphere was controlled by the inlet air control valve (2) to roughly adjust the flow rate.
시스템내부에 압력을 조절하기 위하여 압력조절계(3)를 부착하였으며, 질량 유량계(5)와 유량조절 제어기(4)로 정확한 대기 유량을 포집하도록 하였으며, 포집시 소요시간과 총 포집유량을 알 수 있고 사용자가 원하는 시간 또는 유량을 사전에 설정할 수 있도록 타이머(6)와 포집유량 카운터(7)를 설치하였다.A pressure regulator (3) was attached to control the pressure inside the system, and the mass flow meter (5) and the flow controller (4) were used to collect the correct atmospheric flow rate. The timer 6 and the collection flow rate counter 7 were installed so that the user can set the desired time or flow rate in advance.
또한, 계절 전환 스위치와 제습장치 및 대기중 수분 포집용기를 부착하여 습도가 높은 여름철에는 대기중의 수분을 어느정도 제거할 수 있도록 하였으며 이때 회수된 수분은 삼중수소 분석에 활용하도록 하였다.In addition, the seasonal changeover switch, dehumidifier, and moisture collection container in the air were attached to remove some of the moisture in the summer during high humidity, and the collected water was used for tritium analysis.
대기중 수분상태의 삼중수소는 대부분 제습장치에 포집되고 제습장치에서 포집되지 못한 삼중수소는 삼중수소 포집칼럼(11)에서 완전히 포집되도록 하였다.Most of the tritium in the moisture state of the air is collected in the dehumidifier and the tritium not collected in the dehumidifier is completely collected in the tritium collection column (11).
한편, 가스상태의 삼중수소를 포집하기 위해서는 먼저 가스상태의 삼중수소(HT)를 수증기 상태의 삼중수소(HTO)로 산화시킬 필요가 있다.On the other hand, in order to collect gaseous tritium, it is necessary to first oxidize gaseous tritium (HT) to water vapor state tritium (HTO).
따라서 전기분해를 이용한 산소발생장치(12)를 이용하여 산소를 발생시킨 다음 산소가스내의 수분을 제거하는 수분제거칼럼(13)를 통과 시킨 후 산화 촉매가 들어있는 산화용 칼럼(14)를 통과시켜 가스상태의 삼중수소(HT)를 수증기 상태의 삼중수소(HTO)로 산화시켜 포집 칼럼(15)에 포집되도록 하였다.Therefore, oxygen is generated using the oxygen generator 12 using electrolysis, and then passed through a water removal column 13 for removing water in the oxygen gas, and then passed through an oxidation column 14 containing an oxidation catalyst. The gaseous tritium (HT) was oxidized to steam tritium (HTO) to be collected in the collection column 15.
이렇게 하여 대기중 삼중수소는 완전히 포집된 다음 이산화탄소 형태로 존재하는 방사성탄소는 방사성탄소 포집부(18)에 포집하였다.In this way, tritium in the air was completely collected, and then radiocarbon present in the form of carbon dioxide was collected in the radiocarbon collection unit 18.
이때 방사성탄소 포집부 내부에 걸려 있는 부압으로 인하여 포집용액이 펌프 및 방사선탄소 포집 트랩간에 역류할 가능성이 있어 역류방지용 밸브(17, 19)를 장착하였다.At this time, due to the negative pressure trapped inside the radiocarbon collection part, there is a possibility that the collecting solution flows back between the pump and the radiation carbon collecting trap.
또한, 대기포집시 기상자료 수집을 위하여 온도, 습도 및 유량을 측정할 수 있는 기상관측기(20)를 보조장비로 부착하였다.In addition, a meteorological observer 20 capable of measuring temperature, humidity, and flow rate was collected as an auxiliary device for collecting meteorological data during atmospheric collection.
본 발명은 삼중수소 포집부분과 방사성탄소 포집부분을 직렬로 연결하여 대기중 삼중수소와 방사성탄소를 동시에 포집할 수 있도록 하므로서 단시간내에 두가지 방사성핵종(삼중수소 및 방사성탄소)을 동시에 포집할 수 있어 시간적으로 효율적이며, 두 핵종에 대한 각각의 포집장치를 사용할 필요가 없어 매우 경제적이다.The present invention connects the tritium collection portion and the radiocarbon collection portion in series to simultaneously capture tritium and radiocarbon in the air, thereby simultaneously capturing two radionuclides (tritium and radiocarbon) within a short time. It is efficient and very economical because there is no need to use separate collection devices for both nuclides.
또한, 대기중 삼중수소를 화학형별로 분리 포집할 수 있어 대기중에 존재하는 삼중수소의 화학형을 쉽게 평가할 수 있도록 하여 원자력발전소로부터 방출되는 삼중수소의 화학형을 판명하는데 크게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.In addition, the tritium in the atmosphere can be separated and collected by chemical type, so that the chemical type of tritium present in the air can be easily assessed, and thus it can be greatly utilized to determine the chemical type of tritium emitted from nuclear power plants.
한편, 제습장치의 냉방능력의 일부를 포집용액이 장착되어 있는 부위로 선회하도록 하여 여름철 높은 외부온도로 인한 포집용액의 증발현상을 방지하고 겨울철에는 온도센서에 의해 히터가 자동으로 작동되도록 하여 포집용액의 동결현상을 방지하여 외부 온도변화에 전혀 영향을 받지 않도록 하므로서 계절에 관계없이 실외 환경에서도 사용할 수 있다.On the other hand, by turning part of the cooling capacity of the dehumidifier to the area where the collecting solution is installed, it prevents the evaporation of the collecting solution due to the high external temperature in the summer and the heater is automatically operated by the temperature sensor in the winter to collect the collecting solution. It can be used in outdoor environment regardless of season as it prevents freezing from being affected by external temperature change at all.
더불어 삼중수소 및 방사선탄소 포집부분을 포집기간에 따라 자유로이 조절할 수 있도록 하여 장시간 대기시료 포집도 가능한 여러가지 특징을 지닌 것이다.In addition, the tritium and radiocarbon collection part can be freely adjusted according to the collection period, and thus, various kinds of atmospheric samples can be collected.
원자력시설 주변에서 방사성물질에 대한 환경감시는 국민의 건강보호 및 환경보전 측면에서 원자력시설이 가동되고 있는 한 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 국가 사업중의 하나이다.Environmental monitoring of radioactive materials around nuclear facilities is one of the national projects to be continued as long as nuclear facilities are in operation in terms of health protection and environmental preservation.
또한, 원자력시설의 비상사고에 대비해서도 원자력시설 주변에 대한 환경감시는 신속하고 정밀할 필요가 있다.In addition, it is necessary to quickly and precisely monitor the environment around nuclear facilities in preparation for emergency accidents.
이러한 점에서 본 발명에서 제시하는 단일 포집장치를 이용한 대기중 삼중수소 및 방사성탄소의 동시 포집장치는 원자력시설 주변에 대한 환경감시의 신속성과 정밀성을 확보하는데 큰 기여를 할 것으로 기대된다.In this regard, the simultaneous collection of tritium and radiocarbon in the air using a single collection device proposed in the present invention is expected to make a significant contribution to securing the speed and precision of environmental monitoring around the nuclear facility.
특히, 대기 포집장치를 외부 온도에 견딜 수 있도록 하므로써 계절에 관계없이 연속적으로 환경감시를 수행할 수 있도록 하므로써 환경감시의 연속성을 확보하였다.In particular, the continuity of the environmental monitoring was secured by allowing the air collecting device to withstand the external temperature so that the environmental monitoring could be continuously performed regardless of the season.
금번 고안된 장비는 방사성물질의 감시 뿐만 아니라 대기오염 감시측면에서 이산화탄소 농도측정에도 활용될 수 있을 것이다.The new equipment could be used to measure CO2 concentrations in terms of monitoring air pollution as well as radioactive materials.
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KR100893680B1 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2009-04-17 | (주)한국원자력 엔지니어링 | Removing method of radioactive containment in air and apparatus using the same |
KR101145860B1 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2012-05-17 | 한국수력원자력 주식회사 | Wet Gaseous Sample Collector |
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KR101069453B1 (en) | 2009-08-12 | 2011-09-30 | 한국전력공사 | Continuous collecting system for radiocarbon from stack in PWR nuclear power plant's |
KR101046952B1 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-07-07 | 한국기초과학지원연구원 | Tritium storage and metering and rapid transfer device and tritium storage, metering and rapid transfer method |
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KR100893680B1 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2009-04-17 | (주)한국원자력 엔지니어링 | Removing method of radioactive containment in air and apparatus using the same |
KR101145860B1 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2012-05-17 | 한국수력원자력 주식회사 | Wet Gaseous Sample Collector |
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