KR102840407B1 - System for Transacting P2P Energy to Minimize Uncertainty Cost and Energy Cost - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a P2P energy trading system for minimizing uncertainty costs and energy costs.
According to the present invention, a P2P energy trading system includes a price information providing unit that receives price information from a grid, uses the received price information to predict a power purchase price and a power sale price according to a P2P power transaction by time, and then provides the predicted result; an input unit that receives a desired transaction amount obtained by scheduling from a prosumer or a consumer through a home energy management system; a matching unit that classifies the obtained desired transaction amount by time, calculates a settlement price based on a supply and demand ratio, and then sets priorities according to the prediction accuracy of the prosumer and the demand response performance rate of the consumer to conclude a transaction between the prosumer and the consumer; and a price adjustment unit that readjusts the transaction price when it is determined that an error has occurred in the power generation amount by using the desired transaction amount input from the prosumer and the power generation amount actually produced.

Description

A P2P energy trading system to minimize uncertainty costs and energy costs.

The present invention relates to a P2P energy trading system for minimizing uncertainty costs and energy costs, and more specifically, to a P2P energy trading system that combines P2P power trading and DR trading to increase the economic efficiency of participants and reduce the uncertainty of distributed energy resources.

Recently, as the number of solar power facilities connected to the power distribution system increases due to renewable energy distribution policies, curtailments to address the problems arising from the volatility of solar power generation are also increasing.

According to the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the national solar power generation capacity is approximately 20.3 GW, and the capacity estimated by the Korea Power Exchange is 16.6 GW. However, the capacity of private solar power generation, 3.7 GW (estimated), is not estimated by the Korea Power Exchange, making it difficult to respond to grid volatility.

In addition, among these private solar power generators, if the capacity is 10 kW or less, the additional transmission amount is not calculated and is transmitted free of charge to the electricity sales company (as of 2020, the uncalculated surplus generation amount is 200,000 MWh), which causes economic losses to users of private solar power generators.

Meanwhile, it is difficult to monitor and operate all solar power generators through the power exchange, so it is necessary to implement distributed operation that conducts local monitoring and management, and to forecast low-capacity solar power generators and manage demand through a home energy management system.

Even if distributed operation, forecasting, and HEMS were introduced to establish a full-day power generation plan as a type of power generation plan, it was insufficient to resolve the uncertainty in solar power generation prediction.

Furthermore, as solar power installations increase, forecast uncertainty is also increasing. While the current system introduces forecast incentives, they only apply to power generation operators with a capacity of 20 MW or more. Therefore, there is a need to address the surplus generation and forecast uncertainty associated with solar power installations.

The technology underlying the present invention is disclosed in Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2021-0012630 (published on February 3, 2021).

Thus, according to the present invention, the purpose is to provide a P2P energy trading system that increases the economic efficiency of participants and reduces the uncertainty of distributed energy resources by combining P2P power trading and DR trading.

According to an embodiment of the present invention for achieving such technical tasks, a P2P energy trading system for minimizing uncertainty costs and energy costs includes: a price information provision unit that receives price information from a grid, uses the received price information to predict a power purchase price and a power sale price according to P2P power trading by time, and then provides the predicted result; an input unit that receives a desired transaction amount obtained by scheduling from a home energy management system from a prosumer or a consumer; a matching unit that classifies the obtained desired transaction amount by time, calculates a settlement price based on a supply and demand ratio, and then sets priorities according to the prediction accuracy of the prosumer and the demand response performance rate of the consumer to conclude a transaction between the prosumer and the consumer; and a price adjustment unit that readjusts the transaction price when it is determined that an error has occurred in the power generation amount using the desired transaction amount input from the prosumer and the power generation amount actually produced.

The system may further include a control unit that extracts transaction information using the previous day's forecast value of distributed energy resources, calculates the difference between the sales contract amount and the surplus generation amount if the surplus generation amount is less than the sales contract amount using the extracted transaction information, and executes a transaction to enable a prosumer to sell or purchase the calculated difference generation amount to the grid.

The control unit, using the extracted transaction information, can calculate the difference in power generation between the sales contract amount and the surplus power generation amount if the surplus power generation amount is higher than the sales contract amount, and can execute a transaction to enable the prosumer to sell the calculated difference in power generation amount to the grid.

The control unit can use the extracted transaction information to calculate the difference in power generation between the sales contract amount and the actual power generation amount if the actual power generation amount is less than the sales contract amount, and can conclude a transaction so that the prosumer can purchase the calculated difference in power generation amount from the grid.

The above price adjustment unit, if it is determined that the actual power generation amount is less than the predicted power generation amount using the above extracted transaction information, determines a transaction price between the grid purchase price and the P2P settlement price according to the uncertainty demand response, and transmits the determined transaction price to the prosumer and the consumer so that the prosumer can request the consumer to reduce the actual consumption amount from the purchase contract amount.

The above price adjustment unit determines, using the extracted transaction information, that the actual power generation is higher than the predicted power generation, and determines the transaction price at a lower price than the P2P settlement price based on uncertainty demand response, and transmits the determined transaction price to the prosumer and consumer, thereby allowing the consumer to purchase additional power generation.

The above control unit can transmit information on the P2P transaction sales volume of prosumers, the P2P transaction participation volume of consumers, and the Uncertainty Demand Response participation volume information to the system.

The above system can calculate monthly electricity rates excluding the received P2P transaction sales volume information, P2P transaction participation volume, and Uncertainty Demand Response participation volume information.

In this way, according to the present invention, by trading and settling the surplus power generation of solar power generation facilities between P2P power trading participants, a reduction in electricity rates can be expected, and by actively using the surplus power generation through P2P power trading, the amount of power transmitted back is reduced, which can lead to a reduction in output restrictions.

In addition, according to the present invention, the increase in prediction uncertainty due to the expansion of solar power facilities following P2P power trading can also be reduced through Uncertain Demand Response (UDR) to reduce regional solar power errors, which can lead to cost reduction for participants in Uncertain Demand Response (UDR) transactions.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a P2P energy trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining a P2P energy trading method using a P2P energy trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the power purchase price and sales price predicted in step S210 illustrated in FIG. 2.
Figure 4 is an example diagram for explaining a case where the supply performance amount is less than the sales contract amount in step S250 illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a graph for explaining step S260 shown in Figure 2.
Figure 6 is an example diagram for explaining a case where the actual power generation amount is greater than the desired sales transaction amount in step S280 illustrated in Figure 2.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. In this process, the thickness of lines and the sizes of components depicted in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience of explanation.

Furthermore, the terms described below are defined based on their functions within the present invention, and may vary depending on the intent or custom of the user or operator. Therefore, the definitions of these terms should be based on the overall content of this specification.

Hereinafter, a P2P energy trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail using FIG. 1.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a P2P energy trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, a P2P energy trading system (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a price information provision unit (110), an input unit (120), a matching unit (130), a price adjustment unit (140), and a control unit (150).

First, the price information provider (110) predicts the purchase and sale prices of electricity resulting from P2P electricity trading. To reiterate, the price information provider (110) obtains price information on the previous day's transactions from the grid. Using the obtained price information, the price information provider (110) predicts the purchase and sale prices of electricity resulting from P2P electricity trading and provides the predicted results in graph form.

The input unit (120) receives desired transaction amounts from transaction participants, i.e., prosumers and consumers. Specifically, both prosumers and consumers possess a Home Energy Management System (HEMS). Therefore, the prosumer or consumer performs power scheduling through the HEMS and determines the desired transaction amount based on the scheduling. The determined desired transaction amount is then transmitted to the P2P energy trading system (100).

The matching unit (130) classifies the input desired transaction volume by time and calculates a settlement price based on electricity using the classified desired transaction volume. Furthermore, the matching unit (130) sets priorities based on previous transaction history and matches prosumers and consumers according to the set priority level to complete the transaction.

The price adjustment unit (140) extracts the previous day's transaction information and determines whether the prosumer has fulfilled the supply obligation based on the extracted transaction information. If the prosumer is determined to have failed to fulfill the supply obligation, the price adjustment unit (140) readjusts the transaction price.

Finally, the control unit (150) extracts the sales contract amount and the surplus generation amount from the transaction information, and calculates the differential generation amount between the extracted sales contract amount and the surplus generation amount. Then, the control unit (150) concludes a transaction, allowing the prosumer to purchase or sell electricity to the grid, based on the calculated differential generation amount.

Hereinafter, a P2P energy trading method using a P2P energy trading system (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail using FIGS. 2 to 6.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining a P2P energy trading method using a P2P energy trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the P2P energy trading system (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention predicts the power purchase price and sales price according to P2P power trading (S210).

To elaborate, the P2P energy trading system (100) receives price information from the grid. Here, the grid refers to a system that economically produces and operates electricity, and includes power plants, substations, etc.

The price information provision unit (110) uses the received price information to predict the electricity purchase price and sales price. Furthermore, the price information provision unit (110) outputs the predicted electricity purchase price and sales price in the form of a graph.

Figure 3 is a graph showing the power purchase price and sales price predicted in step S210 illustrated in Figure 2.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the price information provider (110) displays the power market price (System Marginal Price, SMP) obtained from the system in a blue graph, and the sales price (Time of Use, ToU) predicted by time through the obtained power market price (SMP) is displayed in a gray graph.

Next, the input unit (120) receives the desired transaction amount from participants who wish to participate in the transaction (S220).

Here, participants represent consumers and prosumers with a Home Energy Management System (HEMS).

Therefore, consumers or prosumers schedule electricity through a home energy management system (HEMS) and determine their desired transaction volume using the predicted electricity purchase price and sale price provided in step S210.

To elaborate, prosumers perform scheduling to derive surplus generation. This surplus generation becomes the prosumer's desired sales volume.

Consumers then identify the time slots with surplus generation presented by prosumers and perform load-optimal scheduling, assuming their electricity usage rates are based on the sales price (ToU) or the expected price of P2P electricity trading. Based on this scheduling, consumers derive their hourly load usage. Furthermore, consumers refer to the amount of electricity corresponding to the time slots with surplus generation as their desired purchase volume.

Next, the sales volume derived by the prosumer and the purchase volume derived by the consumer are transmitted to the P2P energy trading system (100).

When step S220 is completed, the matching unit (130) uses the input desired sales transaction amount and desired purchase transaction amount to conclude a transaction between the consumer and the prosumer (S230).

The P2P energy trading system (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention concludes a transaction between a consumer and a prosumer through a bilateral contract using the DER's previous day's forecast value. That is, the matching unit (130) concludes a transaction according to the bilateral contract using the desired sales transaction amount entered by the prosumer and the desired purchase transaction amount entered by the consumer.

To elaborate, the matching unit (130) classifies the acquired desired sales and purchase transaction volumes by time. The matching unit (130) prioritizes successful transactions based on the reversal prediction rate and demand response (DR) fulfillment rate of consumers and prosumers participating in the transaction. Next, the matching unit (130) calculates the demand-supply ratio by considering the desired purchase and sale transaction volumes for the corresponding time period, and determines the settlement price based on the calculated demand-supply ratio.

The matching unit (130) notifies the consumers and prosumers participating in the transaction of the determined settlement price and concludes the transaction between the consumers and prosumers.

Meanwhile, if all transactions are not successful, the matching unit (130) performs load scheduling again for the untransacted resources according to the existing selling price (ToU).

After concluding the transaction through step S230, the control unit (150) determines whether the sales contract amount and the supply performance amount match (S240).

The sales volume input by prosumers is based on the predicted power generation through the Home Energy Management System (HEMS), and there may be discrepancies between this and the actual power generation. This discrepancy in power generation leads to losses due to uncertainty.

Therefore, the P2P energy trading system (100) according to the embodiment of the present invention determines whether an error occurs in the amount of power generated in order to reduce damage due to uncertainty.

To determine whether errors in power generation have occurred, the control unit (150) extracts transaction information using the previous day's forecast values for distributed energy resources (DER). Then, using the extracted transaction information, the control unit (150) compares the sales contract amount (i.e., the desired sales transaction amount entered by the prosumer) with the actual supply fulfillment amount provided by the prosumer to the consumer, thereby determining whether the transaction was accurately executed.

At this time, if the supply performance amount does not match the sales contract amount, the control unit (150) determines that an error has occurred in the power generation amount.

If it is determined that an error has occurred in the power generation amount because the sales contract amount is smaller than the supply performance amount in step S240, the control unit (150) calculates the difference in power generation amount between the sales contract amount and the supply performance amount, and performs a transaction with the grid to have the prosumer purchase the calculated difference in power generation amount from the grid (S250).

Figure 4 is an example diagram for explaining a case where the supply performance amount is less than the sales contract amount in step S250 illustrated in Figure 2.

For example, as illustrated in Figure 4, it is assumed that the supply performance is approximately 1 kWh less than the contracted sales volume. Then, the control unit (150) causes the prosumer to purchase the difference in power generation, i.e., 1 kWh, from the grid and provide it to the consumer.

Then, the prosumer can only get a profit of 850 won instead of the 900 won profit due to the prediction error.

When step S250 is completed, the price adjustment unit (140) performs price adjustment according to the prediction error within the Downward UDR Price range (S260).

If the predicted generation is less than the actual generation and the prosumer fails to meet the supply commitment, the consumer wants to reduce the optimally scheduled load in exchange for higher compensation. Conversely, purchasing the difference in generation from the grid and providing it to the consumer would reduce profits, so the prosumer wants the consumer to reduce actual consumption from the contracted amount.

Accordingly, the price adjustment unit (140) sets the power purchase and sale price determination rules including uncertainty demand response, and adjusts the price according to the set rules.

Figure 5 is a graph for explaining step S260 shown in Figure 2.

As illustrated in Figure 5, the price adjustment unit (140) determines a transaction price between the grid purchase price corresponding to the Downward UDR Price range and the P2P settlement price based on uncertainty demand response (UDR). The price adjustment unit (140) then transmits the determined transaction price to the relevant prosumers and consumers. At this time, a prosumer may request a reduction in actual consumption from the contracted consumer.

If it is determined in step S240 that the supply performance amount and the sales contract amount match, the control unit (150) requests and receives the actual power generation amount from the prosumer, and compares the received actual power generation amount with the desired sales transaction amount (S270).

At this time, if the actual power generation amount received is greater than the desired sales transaction amount, the control unit (150) calculates the difference between the actual power generation amount and the desired sales transaction amount, and performs a transaction with the grid to have the prosumer sell the calculated difference power generation amount to the grid (S280).

Figure 6 is an example diagram for explaining a case where the actual power generation amount is greater than the desired sales transaction amount in step S280 illustrated in Figure 2.

For example, as illustrated in Figure 6, it is assumed that the actual power generation is approximately 1 kWh greater than the desired sales transaction amount. Then, the control unit (150) causes the prosumer to sell the difference in power generation, i.e., 1 kWh, to the grid.

In this case, the sales contract amount (10 kWh) is settled as 1,000 according to the contract terms, and the difference in power generation (1 kWh) is not settled at the P2P transaction price but at the market price (SMP). Therefore, the prosumer can earn a profit of 1,050 won depending on the forecast error.

However, if the prosumer had predicted well, he could have sold the excess at the P2P settlement price, but it may be unreasonable to sell the excess generation at a price higher than the P2P settlement price even though he did not predict well.

Therefore, the price adjustment unit (140) performs price adjustment according to the prediction error within the Upward UDR Price range (S290).

The price adjustment unit (140) derives a price lower than the P2P settlement price so that consumers can consume additional load.

At this time, the derived price corresponds to the Upward UDR Price section, which is lower than the P2P settlement price and higher than the power market price (SMP), as shown in Figure 5.

The price adjustment unit (140) transmits the determined transaction price to prosumers and consumers, allowing consumers to purchase additional power generation.

In this way, the P2P energy trading system according to the present invention can expect a reduction in electricity rates by trading and settling surplus power generation from solar power generation facilities between P2P power trading participants, and the amount of power transmitted back is reduced due to the active use of surplus power generation through P2P power trading, which can lead to a reduction in output restrictions.

In addition, the P2P energy trading system according to the present invention can reduce regional solar power errors through Uncertain Demand Response (UDR) in response to the increase in prediction uncertainty due to the expansion of solar power facilities following P2P electricity trading, which can lead to cost reduction for participants in Uncertain Demand Response (UDR) transactions.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, these are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent embodiments are possible. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical spirit of the following claims.

100: P2P Energy Trading System
110: Price Information Department
120: Input section
130: Matching Department
140: Price adjustment department
150: Control unit

Claims (8)

In a P2P energy trading system for minimizing uncertainty costs and energy costs,
A price information provision unit that receives price information from the grid, uses the received price information to predict the purchase price and sale price of electricity according to P2P electricity transactions by hour, and then provides the predicted results.
An input section that receives the desired transaction amount obtained by scheduling through a Home Energy Management System from a prosumer or consumer;
A matching unit that classifies the desired transaction volume obtained above by time, calculates the settlement price based on the supply and demand ratio, and then sets priorities based on the prediction accuracy of the prosumer and the demand response performance rate of the consumer to complete the transaction between the prosumer and the consumer.
If it is determined that there is an error in the amount of power generated using the desired transaction amount input from the above prosumer and the amount of power actually produced, a price adjustment unit that readjusts the transaction price, and
A P2P energy trading system including a control unit that extracts transaction information using the previous day's forecast value of distributed energy resources, calculates the difference between the sales contract amount and the surplus generation amount if the surplus generation amount is less than the sales contract amount using the extracted transaction information, and executes a transaction to enable a prosumer to sell or purchase the calculated difference generation amount to the grid. delete In the first paragraph,
The above control unit,
A P2P energy trading system that calculates the difference between the sales contract amount and the surplus generation amount if the surplus generation amount is higher than the sales contract amount using the above-mentioned extracted transaction information, and concludes a transaction to enable the prosumer to sell the calculated difference generation amount to the grid. In the first paragraph,
The above control unit,
If the actual power generation is less than the sales contract amount using the above extracted transaction information,
A P2P energy trading system that calculates the difference between the sales contract amount and the actual generation amount and concludes a transaction to allow prosumers to purchase the calculated difference from the grid. In the first paragraph,
The above price adjustment department,
If the actual power generation is determined to be less than the predicted power generation using the above extracted transaction information,
A P2P energy trading system that determines a transaction price between a grid purchase price and a P2P settlement price based on uncertainty demand response, and transmits the determined transaction price to prosumers and consumers, thereby allowing the prosumers to request consumers to reduce actual consumption from the purchase contract amount. In the first paragraph,
The above price adjustment department,
If the actual power generation is determined to be higher than the predicted power generation using the above extracted transaction information,
A P2P energy trading system that determines a transaction price lower than the P2P settlement price based on uncertainty demand response and transmits the determined transaction price to prosumers and consumers, allowing consumers to purchase additional power generation. In the third or fourth paragraph,
The above control unit,
A P2P energy trading system that transmits information on prosumers' P2P transaction sales volume, consumers' P2P transaction participation volume, and Uncertainty Demand Response participation volume to the grid. In paragraph 7,
The above system is,
A P2P energy trading system that calculates monthly electricity rates excluding P2P transaction sales volume information, P2P transaction participation volume, and Uncertainty Demand Response participation volume information received.