KR102650085B1 - Window comprising solar cell - Google Patents

Abstract

This specification provides a laminate for a solar window and a solar window using the same.

Description

Solar window {WINDOW COMPRISING SOLAR CELL}

This specification relates to a laminate for a solar window and a solar window including the same.

As a way to overcome recently emerging environmental problems and efficient energy use, research on solar windows, which directly applies solar cells to windows of buildings or vehicles, is continuing.

Solar windows produce energy in an eco-friendly way by freely controlling the penetration of sunlight coming in from the outside, reducing energy loss and improving energy efficiency, and providing a comfortable environment for users by controlling the visible rays and infrared rays incident from sunlight. do.

In general, solar window systems are structured so that infrared rays are emitted inside the window by visible light, and the emitted infrared rays are guided through total internal reflection and are incident on the solar cell. However, the conventional solar window has a problem in that some of the totally reflected infrared rays are transmitted outside the solar window, which results in a small amount of infrared rays reaching the solar cell, resulting in low solar power generation efficiency. Therefore, structural improvement of solar windows is necessary to increase solar power generation efficiency.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2015-002622

This specification relates to a laminate for a solar window and a solar window including the same.

This specification includes a glass substrate;

a first layer provided on one side of the glass substrate; and

In the laminate for a solar window including a second layer provided on the other side of the glass substrate,

The first layer and the second layer each include one or more titanium oxide layers and one or more silicon oxide layers,

The titanium oxide layer and the silicon oxide layer are alternately stacked,

A laminate for a solar window is provided, wherein the laminate has a refractive index of 1.4 to 2.4.

In addition, the present specification includes: a first laminate;

a second laminate provided opposite to the first laminate;

a phosphor layer provided between the first stack and the second stack; and

It includes a solar cell provided at an edge of the first laminate, the second laminate, and the phosphor layer,

The first laminate and the second laminate each provide a solar window, which is a laminate for the solar window.

A laminate for a solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification and a solar window to which the same is applied exhibit the effect of transmitting visible light and reflecting infrared rays. Therefore, by reducing energy loss that occurs as infrared rays pass through the solar window, solar energy conversion efficiency is improved.

1 and 2 are diagrams showing a laminate for a solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification.
Figure 3 is a diagram showing a solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification.
Figure 4 is a diagram showing the movement of infrared rays within a conventional solar window.
Figure 5 is a diagram showing the movement of infrared rays within a solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification.
Figure 6 is a diagram showing the results of measuring reflectance of a laminate manufactured in an exemplary embodiment of the present specification.

Hereinafter, this specification will be described in more detail.

This specification includes a glass substrate;

a first layer provided on one side of the glass substrate; and

In the laminate for a solar window including a second layer provided on the other side of the glass substrate,

The first layer and the second layer each include one or more titanium oxide layers and one or more silicon oxide layers,

The titanium oxide layer and the silicon oxide layer are alternately stacked,

A laminate for a solar window is provided, wherein the laminate has a refractive index of 1.4 to 2.4.

In this specification, when a part “includes” a certain component, this means that it may further include other components rather than excluding other components, unless specifically stated to the contrary.

In this specification, “solar window” has the same meaning as used in the art. For example, it may refer to a device installed in a window that converts sunlight (light energy) into electrical energy.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the refractive index can be measured using an Abbe refractometer.

In this specification, the second layer provided on the other side of the glass substrate means that the second layer is provided on the other side of the glass substrate that is not provided with the first layer.

In one embodiment of the present specification, one or more titanium oxide layers and one or more silicon oxide layers are alternately provided on one surface of the glass substrate. In this case, the infrared reflectance is improved compared to the case where only a titanium oxide layer or a silicon oxide layer is provided on the glass substrate, which has the effect of increasing energy generation efficiency when applied to solar windows.

Conventionally, a coating layer was formed only on one side of a glass substrate. In this case, there is no light guiding effect when light passes through the surface of the glass substrate on which no coating layer is formed, so there is a problem in that the energy source reaching the solar cell is reduced and the energy conversion efficiency is lowered accordingly. On the other hand, an exemplary embodiment of the present specification shows the effect of improving energy conversion efficiency by increasing light guiding efficiency by forming a coating layer on both sides of the glass substrate. Specifically, one embodiment of the present specification shows the effect of improving energy conversion efficiency by increasing infrared reflection efficiency by forming a coating layer on both sides of the glass substrate.

As used herein, “coating layer” refers to a layer in which one or more titanium oxide layers and one or more silicon oxide layers are alternately stacked.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the glass substrate is provided with a first layer on one side and a second layer on the other side. That is, one or more titanium oxide layers and one or more silicon oxide layers are alternately provided on both sides of the glass substrate.

In one embodiment of the present specification, when a titanium oxide layer and a silicon oxide layer are provided on one surface of the glass substrate, the titanium oxide layer is provided to contact the glass substrate. For example, the structure of the glass substrate and the first layer is glass substrate/titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ) layer/silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) layer/titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ) layer/silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) layer/... It may be a structure provided with a titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ) layer/silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) layer.

Figure 1 illustrates the structure of a laminate for a solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification in which a titanium oxide layer is provided in contact with a glass substrate.

In one embodiment of the present specification, when a titanium oxide layer and a silicon oxide layer are provided on one surface of the glass substrate, the silicon oxide layer is provided to contact the glass substrate. For example, the structure of the glass substrate and the first layer is glass substrate/silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) layer/titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ) layer/silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) layer/···silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) layer/ It may be a structure provided with a titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ) layer.

Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a laminate for a solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification in which a silicon oxide layer is provided in contact with a glass substrate.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present specification, the first layer and the second layer are provided with titanium oxide layers and silicon oxide layers alternately, respectively, so that the total number of layers is 2 to 300 layers. Specifically, the first floor and the second floor have a total number of floors of 6 to 250 floors. More specifically, the total number of floors of the first floor and the second floor is 10 to 250 floors.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present specification, the average thickness of the titanium oxide layer and the silicon oxide layer is each 5 nm to 500 nm. Specifically, the average thickness of the titanium oxide layer and the silicon oxide layer is each 10 nm to 200 nm.

When the average thickness of the titanium oxide layer and the silicon oxide layer each satisfies the above range, the reflectance of infrared rays is improved.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the average thickness of the titanium oxide layer and the silicon oxide layer was measured using a non-contact optical profiler or a contact probe type profiler.

Specifically, when more than 10 layers of titanium oxide are formed, the average thickness can be derived by selecting 10 layers, measuring the thickness using a non-contact optical profiler or a contact probe-type profiler, and calculating the average value. When less than 10 titanium oxide layers are formed, the average thickness can be derived by measuring the thickness of all layers and then taking the average value. The average thickness of the silicon oxide layer was also measured in the same manner as the average thickness of the titanium oxide layer.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the thickness of the first layer and the second layer is each 30 nm to 2 mm. Specifically, the thicknesses of the first layer and the second layer are each 30 nm to 1 mm. When the thickness of the first layer and the second layer satisfies the above range, the reflectance of infrared rays is improved.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the thickness of the first layer and the second layer was measured using a non-contact optical profiler or a contact probe type profiler.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the thickness of the first layer and the second layer can be confirmed by measuring the total thickness using a non-contact optical profiler or a contact probe type profiler, and is calculated as the average thickness of each layer x the total number of layers. It can also be derived.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the external visible light transmittance of the laminate is 10% to 99%. Additionally, the external infrared transmittance of the laminate is 10% to 92%.

In this specification, the “exterior” refers to the part where sunlight is incident when the laminate is applied to a solar window.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the internal infrared reflectance of the laminate is 70% or more.

In this specification, the “inside” refers to the part where the laminate and the phosphor layer come into contact when the laminate is applied to a solar window.

That is, the laminate for a solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification exhibits the effect of reflecting infrared rays while transmitting visible rays inside. Accordingly, when applied to a solar window, infrared rays whose wavelength is converted by the phosphor inside the solar window can reach the internal solar cell without loss. In other words, when the solar window laminate is applied to a solar window, the loss of energy source is reduced.

In one embodiment of this specification, the visible light transmittance and infrared transmittance can be measured using a goniometer-type luminance meter.

In one embodiment of the present specification, reflectance can be measured with a goniometer, spectrometer, or haze meter.

In this specification, solar energy has the same meaning as used in the art. For example, the light that comes from the sun and reaches the Earth includes all ultraviolet rays, visible rays, and infrared rays.

In this specification, visible light has the same meaning as used in the art. For example, light having a wavelength range perceived by the eye may be light having a wavelength ranging from 380 nm to 780 nm.

In this specification, infrared has the same meaning as used in the art. For example, it is an electromagnetic wave with a longer wavelength than visible light, and may be light with a wavelength of 780 nm or more.

In one embodiment of the present specification, a titanium oxide layer and a silicon oxide layer are formed on the glass substrate using a thin film deposition method such as E-beam or sputtering.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the first layer and the second layer are formed with the same number of layers and the same thickness. That is, the same coating layer is formed on both sides of the glass substrate. If the coating layer is formed asymmetrically on both sides of the glass substrate, the reflectivity of both sides is equalized to the lower reflectance, which reduces the amount of infrared rays reaching the solar cell when applied to a solar window. Therefore, when both sides are non-uniform, there is a problem that the energy conversion efficiency of the solar window is reduced. One embodiment of the present specification has the effect of increasing the reflectance of infrared rays and thereby improving energy conversion efficiency by forming the same coating layer on both sides of the glass substrate.

This specification provides a solar window using the above-mentioned solar window laminate.

This specification includes: a first laminate;

a second laminate provided opposite to the first laminate;

a phosphor layer provided between the first stack and the second stack; and

It includes a solar cell provided at an edge of the first laminate, the second laminate, and the phosphor layer,

The first laminate and the second laminate each provide a solar window, which is a laminate for the solar window.

In one embodiment of the present specification, being provided facing each other may mean being provided facing each other.

Figure 3 illustrates the structure of a solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification.

Figure 4 shows the movement of infrared rays within a conventional solar window.

Figure 5 shows the movement of infrared rays within a solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification.

Conventional solar windows include only a glass substrate as shown in FIG. 4 or are provided with a coating layer only on the side of the glass substrate where sunlight enters, so the reflectance of infrared rays inside the solar window is not high. Therefore, when sunlight reaches the phosphor in the solar window as shown in FIG. 4, there is a problem in that the infrared rays reflected from the phosphor are not reflected inside the solar window but are emitted to the outside.

On the other hand, the solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification has a coating layer on both sides of the glass substrate as shown in FIG. 5, thereby exhibiting the effect of reflecting infrared rays inside the solar window. In other words, infrared rays are reflected from the surface where the phosphor layer and the coating layer are in contact within the solar window. Accordingly, when sunlight reaches the phosphor in the solar window, the infrared rays reflected from the phosphor are reflected by the coating layer and effectively reach the solar cell, thereby minimizing the loss of the energy source (infrared rays) and improving energy conversion efficiency. Shows effect. That is, the solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification maximizes the infrared light guiding efficiency within the solar window, thereby improving energy conversion efficiency without loss of incident light.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present specification, the solar window has a maximum reflection wavelength range of 750 nm to 1,100 nm when solar light is irradiated. Specifically, the interior of the solar window has a maximum reflection wavelength range of 750 nm to 1,100 nm when solar light is irradiated. That is, the solar window according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification effectively reflects light with a wavelength of 750 nm to 1,100 nm among sunlight. Through this, when applied to a window, the above-mentioned infrared reflection effect is exhibited within the solar window.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the solar window has a reflection angle of 30° to 50° when 850 nm light is irradiated.

Specifically, the internal reflection angle of the solar window is 30° to 50° when 850 mm light is irradiated. More specifically, when 850 nm light is irradiated to the solar window, wavelength-converted light is emitted by the phosphor present in the phosphor layer, and the wavelength-converted light reaches the internal coating layer of each of the first and second laminates. After reflection, the angle of reflection is 30° to 50°.

The reflection angle can be measured using a goniometer-type luminance meter.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the second layer of the first laminate and the second layer of the second laminate may be provided to face each other. For example, the solar window is a first layer of the first laminate/glass substrate of the first laminate/second layer of the first laminate/phosphor layer/second layer of the second laminate/second laminate. The first layer of the glass substrate/second laminate may be provided sequentially.

In the above structure, the reflection angles of the second layer of the first laminate and the second layer of the second laminate may be 30° to 50°, respectively.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the glass substrate can be used without limitation as long as it is a material used in the art. For example, soda-lime glass, soda-lime-silicate glass, fused silica glass, low-iron patterned glass, low-iron float glass, transparent conductive film glass, etc. can be used. . If necessary, the glass can be used surface texture treated or partially strengthened.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the thickness of the glass substrate is 1 nm to 30 nm.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the phosphor layer includes a phosphor and a resin matrix.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the phosphor receives sunlight and serves to convert the wavelength range of light. For example, it converts sunlight into the infrared wavelength range and allows it to reach the coating layer.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the phosphor can be used without limitation as long as it is a material used in the industry, such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, PbS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, GaN, GaP, GaAs, AlN, AlP, AlAs, InN, InP, InAs, EuCI, tta, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe, GaNP, GaNAs, GaPAs, AlNP, AlNAs, AlPAs, InNP, InNAs, InPAs, GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlPAs, GaIn NPs, GaInNAs; It may be one or more types selected from the group consisting of GaInPAs, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlPAs, SnS, CuInS, CuInSe, CuZnS, CuSnS, CuSnSe, CuSnGaS, CuSnGaSe, Si-containing phosphors, and C-containing phosphors. Specifically, it may be PbS/CdS, CdSe/CdS, CuInSe/ZnS, EuCl/tta, Si-containing phosphor, and C-containing phosphor, but is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present specification, a material having the same refractive index range as that of the glass substrate is used as the resin matrix. For example, thermoplastic polymers or thermosetting polymers can be used. Specifically, the materials of the resin matrix include poly(meth)acrylic-based such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate-based (PC), polystyrene-based (PS), polyarylene-based (PAR), and polyurethane-based (TPU). ), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), modified polyvinylidene fluoride (modified-PVDF), etc. may be used, but are not limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the solar cell is a device that receives light energy and converts it into electrical energy, and any material used in the industry can be used without limitation. For example, organic solar cells, organic-inorganic composite solar cells, silicon solar cells, etc. may be used, but are not limited to these.

In one embodiment of the present specification, the solar window can be applied without limitation wherever a window can be applied. For example, it can be applied to windows such as the exterior wall of a building, the balcony of a home, or the window of a car.

Hereinafter, in order to explain the present specification in detail, examples will be given in detail. However, the embodiments according to the present specification may be modified into various other forms, and the scope of the present specification is not to be construed as being limited to the embodiments described in detail below. The embodiments of this specification are provided to more completely explain the present specification to those with average knowledge in the art.

Experimental Example 1.

The Essential Macleod program was used to predict the thin film thickness that optimizes reflectance in a structure in which TiO ₂ and SiO ₂ are sequentially stacked on a glass substrate. When using the Essential Macleod program, after specifying TiO ₂ and SiO ₂ as the materials forming each layer, the target value was set to the range of the angle representing total reflection (approximately 30 to 42°) at the refractive index of the glass substrate bk7 (approximately 1.52). Needle Synthesis and Conjugate Gradient were applied sequentially as optimization functions, and thickness, refractive index, and number of layers were applied as parameter values. The predicted results are shown in Table 1 below.

layer Material Refractive index Physical thickness glass substrate 1.51 ㅡ One TiO ₂ 2.25 102.16 2 SiO ₂ 1.45 179.27 3 TiO ₂ 2.25 105.82 4 SiO ₂ 1.45 169.01 5 TiO ₂ 2.25 99.46 6 SiO ₂ 1.45 171.15 7 TiO ₂ 2.25 101.23 8 SiO ₂ 1.45 54.57 9 TiO ₂ 2.25 13.49 10 SiO ₂ 1.45 59.69 11 TiO ₂ 2.25 106.80 12 SiO ₂ 1.45 64.35 13 TiO ₂ 2.25 10.66 14 SiO ₂ 1.45 59.83 15 TiO ₂ 2.25 104.10 16 SiO ₂ 1.45 54.91 17 TiO ₂ 2.25 12.57 18 SiO ₂ 1.45 58.65 19 TiO ₂ 2.25 101.72 20 SiO ₂ 1.45 170.87 21 TiO ₂ 2.25 97.01 22 SiO ₂ 1.45 170.28 23 TiO ₂ 2.25 99.36 24 SiO ₂ 1.45 174.85 25 TiO ₂ 2.25 101.52 26 SiO ₂ 1.45 89.12 air 1.00 ㅡ

From Table 1, it can be seen that the reflectance is optimized when the thickness of each TiO ₂ layer and SiO ₂ layer is 5 nm to 500 nm, specifically 10 nm to 200 nm.

Experimental Example 2. Reflectance measurement

Example 1.

A laminate was manufactured in which TiO ₂ and SiO ₂ were alternately laminated on both sides of a glass substrate according to the thickness predicted in Experimental Example 1. At this time, the laminate was manufactured so that TiO ₂ was in contact with the glass substrate, as shown in Figure 1.

Comparative Example 1.

A laminate was manufactured in which TiO ₂ and SiO ₂ were alternately laminated only on the cross section of a glass substrate. At this time, the laminate was manufactured so that TiO ₂ was in contact with the glass substrate.

After attaching a polarizing plate to each of the laminates prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the reflection angle according to the angle of incidence was measured using a goniometer luminance meter (Shimadzu, solidspec-3700).

Figure 6(a) shows the reflectance from the outside to the inside at 550 nm of the laminate prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and Figure 6(b) shows the laminate prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The reflectance from the inside to the outside at 750 nm was shown.

In Comparative Example 1, the inside refers to the side on which the coating layer is not formed, and the outside refers to the side on which the coating layer is formed. In addition, in FIG. 6, P refers to the measurement result when horizontal polarization is used, and S refers to the measurement result when vertical polarization is used, and the portion indicated by an arrow in FIG. 6(b) is the critical angle.

Through Figure 6(a), it can be seen that the reflectance from the outside to the inside is similar between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. On the other hand, it can be seen through FIG. 6(b) that the critical angle of the example is reduced compared to the critical angle of the comparative example. Through this, it can be confirmed that the minimum angle of total internal reflection in the embodiment is reduced, and it can be predicted that the light guiding efficiency can be improved by lowering the critical angle.

20: Titanium oxide layer
30: Silicon oxide layer
100: glass substrate
200: first layer
300: second layer
500: Laminate for solar window
500a: first laminate
500b: second laminate
600: Phosphor layer
700: solar cell
A: Solar power
B: Phosphor

Claims (7)

glass substrate;
a first layer provided on one side of the glass substrate; and
A laminate for a solar window provided on the other side of the glass substrate and including a second layer identical to the first layer,
The first layer and the second layer each include one or more titanium oxide layers and one or more silicon oxide layers,
The titanium oxide layer and the silicon oxide layer are alternately stacked,
A laminate for a solar window, wherein the refractive index of the laminate is 1.4 to 2.4 to reduce the critical angle of total internal reflection to internally reflect infrared rays intended to penetrate the first layer or the second layer inside the glass substrate. In claim 1,
A laminate for a solar window, wherein the titanium oxide layer and the silicon oxide layer each have an average thickness of 5 nm to 500 nm. In claim 1,
The first layer and the second layer are alternately composed of titanium oxide layers and silicon oxide layers, respectively, so that the total number of layers is 2 to 300 layers. In claim 1,
A laminate for a solar window, wherein the first layer and the second layer each have a thickness of 30 nm to 2 mm. first laminate;
a second laminate provided opposite to the first laminate;
a phosphor layer provided between the first stack and the second stack; and
It includes a solar cell provided at an edge of the first laminate, the second laminate, and the phosphor layer,
The first laminate and the second laminate are solar window laminates for solar windows according to any one of claims 1 to 4, respectively. In claim 5,
A solar window having a maximum reflection wavelength range of 750 nm to 1,100 nm when irradiated with sunlight. In claim 5,
A solar window having a reflection angle of 30° to 50° when 850 nm light is irradiated.