KR102571343B1 - Commutation-less DC motor using symmetrically structured the same directional rotation-wise magnetic fields and axis-wise magnetic fields generated around air-gap between rotor and stator - Google Patents

Abstract

In a brushless DC motor in which a permanent magnet is disposed in a rotor and an armature coil is disposed in a stator,
The permanent magnets are selectively arranged in one direction of the rotational direction or the axial direction along the circumferential surface with the same polarity direction in a symmetrical structure with respect to the rotation axis to form a magnetic field divided respectively in the same rotational direction or axial direction,
The armature coil is provided in a 2xN multiple (N = natural number) of the number of permanent magnets, and has a rotational or axial structure opposite to the permanent magnet along the circumferential surface, so that when DC power is applied, the same rotational direction or axial direction Arranged symmetrically around the axis of rotation so that each divided magnetic field can be formed,
A commutation-less direct current characterized by applying power to the armature coil to rotate the rotor by using the attractive force and the repulsive force generated between the symmetrically divided stator magnetic field and the rotor magnetic field generated around the air gap electric motor

Description

A structure that generates a rotational magnetic field and an axial magnetic field in the same direction symmetrically divided along the circumferential surface around the air gap, and a commutation-less DC motor using the same {Commutation-less DC motor using symmetrically structured the same directional rotation-wise magnetic fields and axis-wise magnetic fields generated around air-gap between rotor and stator}

The present invention relates to a DC motor and has the same structure as a DC generator. The magnetic flux generated by the field winding and the magnetic flux generated by the flow of current in the armature winding generate rotational force due to repulsive force and attractive force, and the direction of rotation at this time follows Fleming's left-hand rule.

DC motors can be divided into direct winding type, shunt winding type and lottery winding type according to the excitation method, and self excitation type according to the method of connecting the armature coil and the field coil.

The present invention consists of a field providing a constant magnetic field using a magnet (permanent magnet or electromagnet) and an armature coil through which current flows, and in a DC motor having an armature coil as a stator and a field as a rotor, magnets (permanent magnets or electromagnets) ) has a dipole structure that has N and S poles in one body at the same time, the characteristics of magnetic force lines returning from N pole to S pole, attraction and repulsion generated between N and S poles, and magnetic force lines flowing where magnetic resistance is low By using magnetic reluctance characteristics and characteristics of a solenoid-type coil (hereinafter referred to as a coil) that has properties of a magnet when power is applied, a permanent magnet is placed around the air gap in the rotor to generate a magnetic field in the same rotational direction along the circumferential surface of the magnet. Arrange (hereinafter referred to as rotational direction) or arranged to generate a magnetic field in the same axial direction (hereinafter referred to as axial direction) along the circumferential surface, and the stator on the other side has an arrangement structure opposite to the rotor, so that the rotational direction magnetic field or axial direction corresponding to each other Arrange the coils to create a magnetic field.

Here, when DC power is applied to the armature, the stator coil becomes an electromagnet, and attraction and repulsion are generated around the gap between the magnetic field generated by the rotor and the stator. less) about DC motors.

A DC motor is a device that receives DC power from the outside and performs mechanical work. It usually has a brush, but there is also a BLDC motor for short, a brushless DC motor without a brush.

Although the operation method for each DC motor is different, a field providing a constant magnetic field and an armature, which is a conductor through which current flows under this magnetic field, are provided as a stator and a rotor, and the magnetic field generated by applying DC power to the armature is disposed in the field. It is a motor with a structure that obtains rotational force by using the repulsive force and the attractive force generated by interaction with the provided magnetic field.

At this time, it is a motor with a structure that continuously rotates while reversing the direction of the magnetic field generated from the armature at a certain position.

In order to reverse the direction of current, a brush motor uses a brush and a commutator to mechanically change the direction of current, while a BLDC motor uses an inverter to electronically change the direction of current. there is.

In this way, it is commonly referred to as a DC motor, but in the motor system, an alternating current in which the direction of the current supplied to the armature is frequently reversed is used to reverse the N-pole/S-pole magnetic field. In the rectification process of changing the direction of this current, in the brush type Noise. Many problems such as dust, flame, harmonic generation, wear, and output degradation occur, and in BLDC motors, noise and cogging torque ripple occur due to the use of square wave current, and an asymmetric magnetic field with an electrical angle of 120 degrees is used. has a limited use problem.

Meanwhile, for environmental protection and efficient use of energy, electric vehicles, robots, drones, UAMs, and electric bicycles are growing rapidly. Since this mobility industry uses an independent battery DC power source as an energy source, a DC motor with high starting torque and easy speed adjustment must be used for driving. Power is converted into AC power using an inverter, and AC motors such as PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) and induction motors are used to make expensive motors.

In particular, despite relatively difficult control such as power loss, frequency, power factor, and phase imbalance in electric vehicles, large drones, and UAMs that require high power, high torque, and speed control, the above-described modified type of motor is used. The situation is.

As described above, the following techniques have been proposed in the past to solve various problems in the commutation process of DC motors and various problems in terms of output, efficiency, and cost due to the structure of the motor, but these problems are still solved at once. It is currently not possible.

Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 2189243 (2020. 12. 03) has been registered. Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 0635640 (2006. 10. 11) has been registered.

The present invention was developed to solve the problems of the conventional DC motor as described above,

The first object of the present invention is to solve all the problems that occur in the commutation process of electronically converting the direction of current to the armature using an inverter in BLDC or mechanically using brushes and commutators, which are the biggest disadvantages of DC motors. To solve this, it is to implement a brushless commutation-less DC motor,

The second purpose is to convert direct current into alternating current using an inverter for electric drive mobility such as electric vehicles that require high efficiency, high output, and speed control, and use an AC motor PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) and induction motor structure. It is to implement a competitive DC motor with a simpler structure of an inverter-less method that can control high efficiency, high output, and speed only with direct current without converting to alternating current instead of expensive motors that are converted to alternating current.

The third purpose is to replace the permanent magnet used in the rotating field with an electromagnet through a power supply device with an appropriate structure such as a slip ring to realize an eco-friendly DC motor with a magnet-free structure without problems with rare earth resources,

The fourth purpose is to provide a chopper circuit in the power supply unit instead of a DC power supply device such as a slip ring under the third purpose to create pulse wave direct current and supply power by electromagnetic induction method through an electromagnetic induction coil. A wireless power supply method It is to implement a DC motor of Magnet-Free structure of

The fifth purpose is to make and use an AC motor that converts commercial AC power into DC for high output, high efficiency, and speed control even in an AC motor using commercial AC power, and converts it back to 3-phase AC power using an expensive inverter. The current situation is to implement a competitive AC motor that is simple, high-power, high-efficiency, and capable of speed control by grafting the DC motor as described above without using an expensive inverter.

One of the many problems of existing DC motors arises from requiring a commutation process. In the conventional DC motor structure, the magnetic field generated by the stator passes through the rotor and connects the N poles to the left and right with respect to the rotor axis. Since the structure has an S pole, in order to continuously rotate while interacting with the magnetic field of constant polarity of the rotor, the magnetic field polarity of the armature must be set at 180° electrical angle in brush motors and 120° electrical angle in BLDC motors. Rectification action to convert is necessary.

In the present invention, instead of a structure in which the polarity of the magnetic field is changed by changing the direction of the current supplied to the armature, a dipole structure in which the magnet simultaneously holds N and S poles in one body is used to change the magnetic pole of the magnet itself. It is solved by a structure in which the stator magnetic field and the rotor magnetic field interact.

Due to the low output and torque ripple due to the structure of the DC motor, which is another problem, it is necessary to use an expensive inverter to use it as a drive motor for mobility such as electric vehicles that require high output and high torque. It was converted into an AC motor PMSM/Induction Motor structure and used. This high-output, high-efficiency AC motor structure creates a continuous rotating magnetic field that passes from the stator to the rotor axis with a 3-phase sinusoidal alternating current applied to the rotor magnetic field and magnetic While it is a structure that rotates through coupling, the present invention borrows the continuous rotating magnetic field structure of this AC motor and solves it with a DC motor with a structure that continuously generates a magnetic field in the same rotational direction along the circumferential surface around the air gap.

In summary, by taking a brushless structure, which is a permanent magnet rotor structure like a BLDC motor, the problem caused by the brush is solved, and the commutation process required due to the magnetic field generated by the stator passing through the rotor Problems such as output degradation, noise, vibration, etc. are solved by using the dipole structure of the magnet instead of the rectification method that changes the polarity of the magnetic field by changing the direction of the current supplied to the armature. It is solved by adopting a commutation-less structure in which the magnetic fields generated in the magnet and coil of the motor rotate in direct response to each other, and borrows the rotating magnetic field method of an AC motor that creates a high-power and high-efficiency structure to increase output and efficiency. It is a principle to solve

More specifically, the problem caused by the brush solves the structural problem caused by the use of the brush by placing the armature in the stator and the field in the rotor and using a permanent magnet field rotating brushless structure.

The problem with the rectification action is that instead of changing the direction of the magnetic field by changing the direction of the current supplied to the armature, when DC power is applied to the armature coil, it becomes an electromagnet. Since it has a dipole structure, it is solved by the principle that the stator magnetic field and the rotor magnetic field interact at a position where the magnetic pole changes by itself while rotating between the permanent magnet of the rotating field and the electromagnet of the armature.

In addition, the high-power, high-efficiency structure is a structure that is solved by borrowing the rotating magnetic field method of the AC motor. This is a structure that uses the dipole structure of magnets and the characteristic that magnetic force lines move from N pole to S pole. It is a structure that is divided symmetrically based on the rotation axis. It is a structure in which a magnetic field in the same direction of rotation is obtained along the circumferential surface around the air gap by having a structure (hereinafter referred to as a rotational direction structure) sequentially arranged on the rotor or stator along the circumferential surface of.

And the rotor or stator on the other side has a structure in which permanent magnets or electromagnet coils are sequentially arranged in the axial direction in the same polarity direction, so that the axial direction in the same direction around the gap It is a structure that obtains a magnetic field, and the magnetic field generated between the rotational magnetic field and the axial magnetic field generates attraction and repulsion between the N pole and S pole, which are characteristics of the magnet, and rotates the motor.

and Arrange an even number of permanent magnets in the rotor to take a continuous rotation structure, and 2xN of the number of permanent magnets in the stator (N = natural number) Taking a structure of arranging multiple coils, dividing the stator circuit into a first circuit and a second circuit with a structure in which the coils are symmetrical to each other, and applying current to the stator first and second circuits to activate / deactivate each circuit , At this time, the coil of the activated circuit becomes an electromagnet, and a magnetic field in the same rotational direction and the same axial direction is generated around the air gap between the rotor and the stator, and the electromagnet is a dipole Since it has a structure, it is a structure in which the first circuit and the second circuit of the armature are sequentially switched (activated/deactivated) at the position where mutual magnetic poles are switched to continuously rotate the motor.

This borrows a rotating magnetic field structure in which the AC motor creates a continuous rotating magnetic field passing through the rotating shaft from the stator and magnetically couples it with the rotor magnetic field to make a high-power, high-efficiency motor. A DC motor with a structure that rotates using the attraction and repulsion generated by the magnetic field in the continuous rotation direction or the magnetic field in the axial direction generated with the rotor magnetic field, reducing loss in the motor and strengthening the rotational force to produce high output and high efficiency. am.

The motor of the present invention is a commutation-less DC motor, which significantly improves the efficiency and quality of the DC motor by suppressing power reduction, noise, vibration, spark, and high frequency generation that occur during the commutation process.

The motor of the present invention is a brushless method that supplies direct current to the armature, which minimizes losses such as iron loss and friction loss generated within the motor and reduces the size of the DC motor by increasing the output and reducing the size of the DC motor with a structure that can be designed to reduce iron cores and coils. This is to improve performance.

The motor of the present invention is equipped with an electromagnet instead of a permanent magnet in the rotating field, and when used by applying direct current through an appropriate power supply device such as a slip ring, it solves problems in the supply of rare earth resources and is a magnet-free type that can be used in an eco-friendly way. Can be used as an electric motor.

In addition, the wireless power supply method through the magnetic induction coil using the pulsating current using the chopper as the power supplied to the field as described above solves the problem caused by the contact, thereby improving the quality and increasing the degree of freedom in design.

In addition, for loads that require high power and high efficiency, such as electric vehicles, it has a structure that realizes high power and high efficiency only by using direct current without using an expensive inverter to convert to alternating current. provide an electric motor

Further, according to the present invention, a multi-POINT torque generating structure for each armature circuit simultaneously increases torque, thereby increasing motor performance or reducing the size of the motor.

In addition, the present invention can control all motors according to the existing DC motor control method by using DC power.

The present invention is a very useful invention that can improve the quality, performance, and economy of a DC motor due to the above effects.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention for achieving these effects will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is an embodiment of a system for driving a non-rectified direct current motor according to the present invention.
2 is an embodiment of a system for driving by supplying commercial AC power to a non-rectified DC motor according to the present invention.
3 is an embodiment of a DC motor 100 according to the present invention.
4 is another embodiment in which a plurality of permanent magnets 150 provided at regular intervals on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor 130 are provided.
5 is an embodiment showing the operating principle of the non-rectified DC motor according to the present invention.
6 is another embodiment showing the operating principle of the non-rectified DC motor according to the present invention.
7 to 9 are other embodiments of a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The DC motor using the axial permanent magnet and the rotating electromagnet or the rotating permanent magnet and the axial electromagnet in the symmetrical divided magnetic field applied to the present invention is configured as shown in FIGS. 1 to 11 .

The DC motor using the rotating permanent magnet and the axial electromagnet in the symmetrical divided magnetic field applied to the present invention is described as operating from left to right in time, and operation in the reverse direction has a structure similar to the above, so it rotates in the reverse direction. Drawings of the operating structure are omitted. In addition, in the following description of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known function or configuration may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted.

In addition, the terms to be described later are terms set in consideration of functions in the present invention, which may vary according to the intention or custom of the producer, so the definitions should be made based on the contents throughout this specification.

In addition, since the size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown for convenience of description, the present invention is not necessarily limited to those shown in the drawings.

First, the present invention relates to a DC motor 100 utilizing an axial permanent magnet and a rotational electromagnet or a rotational permanent magnet and an axial electromagnet in a symmetrical divided magnetic field, and is configured as follows.

1 is an embodiment of a system for driving a non-rectified direct current motor according to the present invention.

a switching circuit that alternately supplies direct current to the first circuit and the second circuit;

a speed sensing element and a position sensing element for sensing the rotational speed and position of the rotor of the non-rectified DC motor and transmitting data to the control unit;

A current sensing element for sensing the current supplied to the non-rectified DC motor;

A control unit for switching and controlling the current supplied to the non-rectified DC motor according to current, position, and speed sensing values.

2 is an embodiment of a system for driving by supplying commercial AC power to a non-rectified DC motor according to the present invention.

a rectifier circuit that rectifies commercial AC power to DC;

a switching circuit that alternately supplies the DC current supplied from the rectification circuit to the first circuit and the second circuit;

a speed sensing element and a position sensing element for sensing the rotational speed and position of the rotor of the non-rectified DC motor and transmitting data to the control unit;

A current sensing element for sensing the current supplied to the non-rectified DC motor;

A control unit for switching and controlling the current supplied to the non-rectified DC motor according to current, position, and speed sensing values.

3 is an embodiment of a DC motor 100 according to the present invention.

A plurality of armature coils 120 are provided at regular intervals on the inner circumferential surface of the stator 110 .

A plurality of electromagnets 140 are provided on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor 130 at regular intervals.

It is preferable that a solenoid-type coil is wound around the outer circumferential surface of the electromagnet 140 .

The electromagnet 140 is preferably formed in a shape suitable for reinforcing repulsive force/attractive force and being inserted into an iron core structure.

A plurality of electromagnets are provided inside the rotor 130 at regular intervals, and the polarities of the electromagnets are symmetrical in the same direction so that a plurality of magnetic field regions can be formed around the shaft insertion hole into which the shaft is inserted in the center. An arranged rotor 130 is provided.

The rotor 130 is used as an iron core by stacking a plurality of thin silicon steel plates.

4 is another embodiment in which a plurality of permanent magnets 150 provided at regular intervals on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor 130 are provided.

A plurality of armature coils 120 are provided at regular intervals on the inner circumferential surface of the stator 110 .

A plurality of permanent magnets are provided inside the rotor 130 at regular intervals, and the polarity of the permanent magnets is the same so that a plurality of magnetic field regions can be formed around the shaft insertion hole into which the shaft is inserted in the center. A rotor 130 arranged symmetrically is provided.

At this time, the rotor 130 is used as an iron core by stacking a plurality of thin silicon steel plates.

According to the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4, an insertion-type rotor structure is disclosed in which an electromagnet or permanent magnet is inserted by forming an insertion hole on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor, but the electromagnet or permanent magnet is attached to the side surface of the rotor. It is also possible to configure an attached rotor that does.

5 is a view showing the operating principle of the non-rectified DC motor according to the present invention.

The drawing is a plan view of the rotor and stator, and is described as running from left to right in time.

The inner rotor according to the embodiment includes 4 electromagnets or permanent magnets, and the outer stator includes 8 armature coils.

That is, the rotational magnetic field generated by the magnet of the inner rotor and the axial magnetic field generated by the armature coil of the outer stator react with each other to generate a repulsive force and an attractive force.

The eight armature coils are again divided into a first circuit and a second circuit, and in the left drawing, the four armature coils S1, S3, S5, and S7 activated by supplying current are referred to as the first circuit, and without current being supplied. For convenience, the four armature coils S2, S4, S6, and S8 that are inactive are referred to as a second circuit.

When current is supplied to the first circuit, an axial magnetic field is formed in each of the four armature coils S1, S3, S5, and S7, and no current is supplied to the second circuit, and the four armature coils S2, S4, S6, and S8 deactivated

A repelling force is generated between S1 and R1, S3 and R2, S5 and R3, and S7 and R4, and a suction force is generated between S3 and R1, S5 and R2, S7 and R3, and S1 and R4, so that the inner rotor is centered on the rotation axis. is subjected to a clockwise rotation force.

When the internal rotor rotates clockwise and R1 passes through S2, current supply to the first circuit is stopped and current is supplied to the second circuit to activate S2, S4, S6, and S8 to form a magnetic field.

As shown on the right, when the first circuit is deactivated and the second circuit is activated, a repulsive force is generated between the armature coils S2, S4, S6, S8 and the rotor R1, R2, R3, R4, and S4, S5, S8, S2 and A suction force is generated between the rotors R1, R2, R3, and R4 so that the inner rotor rotates clockwise around the axis of rotation.

When the internal rotor rotates clockwise and R1 passes through S3, current supply to the second circuit is stopped, and current is supplied to the first circuit to activate S1, S3, S5, and S7 to form a magnetic field.

In this way, by alternately switching the current supplied to the external armature coil to the first circuit and the second circuit according to the rotation of the rotor, the DC motor can be driven using the repulsive force and the attractive force between the armature coil and the rotor.

6 is another embodiment showing the operating principle of the non-rectified DC motor according to the present invention.

The axial magnetic field generated by the inner rotor's magnet and the rotational magnetic field generated by the armature coil of the outer stator interact with each other to generate repulsive force and attractive force.

The eight armature coils are divided into a first circuit and a second circuit, and in the left drawing, the four armature coils S1, S3, S5, and S7, which are activated by supplying current, are inactivated without supplying current to the first circuit. The four armature coils S2, S4, S6, and S8 are referred to as a second circuit for convenience.

When current is supplied to the first circuit, a magnetic field in the rotational direction is formed in the four armature coils S1, S3, S5, and S7, respectively, and no current is supplied to the second circuit, and the four armature coils S2, S4, S6, and S8 deactivated

A repelling force is generated between S1 and R1, S3 and R2, S5 and R3, and S7 and R4, and a suction force is generated between S3 and R1, S5 and R2, S7 and R3, and S1 and R4, so that the inner rotor is centered on the rotation axis. is subjected to a clockwise rotation force.

When the internal rotor rotates clockwise and R1 passes through S2, current supply to the first circuit is stopped and current is supplied to the second circuit to activate S2, S4, S6, and S8 to form a magnetic field.

As shown on the right, when the first circuit is deactivated and the second circuit is activated, a repulsive force is generated between the armature coils S2, S4, S6, S8 and the rotor R1, R2, R3, R4, and S4, S5, S8, S2 and A suction force is generated between the rotors R1, R2, R3, and R4 so that the inner rotor rotates clockwise around the axis of rotation.

When the internal rotor rotates clockwise and R1 passes through S3, current supply to the second circuit is stopped, and current is supplied to the first circuit to activate S1, S3, S5, and S7 to form a magnetic field.

In this way, by alternately switching the current supplied to the external armature coil to the first circuit and the second circuit according to the rotation of the rotor, the DC motor can be driven using the repulsive force and the attractive force between the armature coil and the rotor.

7 is a side view of a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The control unit according to the present invention adopts a method of supplying DC power to the armature coil through position sensing using the hall sensor 160 and the tone wheel 165 capable of checking the position of the rotor. Specifically, it is preferable to connect a hall sensor 160 to the power source and to provide a tone wheel 165 to the shaft so as to check the position of the rotor to regulate and activate the armature coil. there is.

8 shows problems in the supply of rare earth resources when the non-rectified DC motor according to the present invention has an electromagnet instead of a permanent magnet in the rotating field and applies DC through an appropriate power supply device such as a slip ring 170. It discloses that it can be used as a magnet-free type motor that can be used in an environmentally friendly way.

9 is a wireless power supply method through a magnetic induction coil 180 by providing a non-rectified DC motor according to the present invention with an electromagnet instead of a permanent magnet in a rotating field and supplying a pulsating current using a chopper as power supplied to the rotating field It is disclosed that can be adopted.

The wireless power supply method as described above can solve problems caused by contact, thereby improving quality and increasing freedom in design.

The non-rectifying DC motor according to the present invention uses a rotating permanent magnet and an axial electromagnet or an axial permanent magnet and a rotating electromagnet in each divided magnetic field, and uses a rotating permanent magnet in a magnetic field divided in the circumferential direction based on the motor center point. A plurality of rotating structures are configured so that the attractive force and repulsive force generated between the axial electromagnet or the axial permanent magnet and the rotating electromagnet harmoniously create a rotational torque, and the electromagnet is activated to rotate the permanent magnet rotor or electromagnet rotor in the magnetic field. it was made to do

Meanwhile, the present invention may be variously modified and take various forms in applying the above components.

And it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the particular forms mentioned in the above detailed description, but rather includes all modifications, equivalents and substitutes within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. should be understood as

Claims (5)

In a brushless DC motor in which a permanent magnet is disposed in a rotor and an armature coil is disposed in a stator,
The permanent magnets are selectively arranged in one direction of the rotational direction or the axial direction along the circumferential surface with the same polarity direction in a symmetrical structure with respect to the rotation axis to form a magnetic field divided respectively in the same rotational direction or axial direction,
The armature coil is provided in a 2xN multiple (N = natural number) of the number of permanent magnets, and has a rotational or axial structure opposite to the permanent magnet along the circumferential surface, so that when DC power is applied, the same rotational direction or axial direction Arranged symmetrically around the axis of rotation so that each divided magnetic field can be formed,
Applying power to the armature coil to rotate the rotor by using the attraction and repulsion generated between the symmetrically divided stator magnetic field and the rotor magnetic field generated around the air gap,
The armature coil is divided into two symmetric first and second circuits, and the first and second circuits are alternately activated or deactivated in association with signals provided by a position sensor and a speed sensor. Characterized in that commutation-less DC motor
delete The method of claim 1,
Non-rectification characterized by a magnet-free structure that does not use a permanent magnet by including an electromagnet instead of a permanent magnet of the rotor and providing power to the rotor through a power supply having a slip ring to rotate it (commutation-less) DC motor
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