KR102547045B1 - Environment-friendly, higher flammability refrigerant mixture - Google Patents
Environment-friendly, higher flammability refrigerant mixture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
본 발명의 혼합냉매의 조성물은 전체 냉매 조성물에 대해, 탄화수소계 냉매 가스인 프로판(C3H8) 61 -69부피부와 프로필렌(CH3-CH=CH2) 31 -39부피부의 혼합비로 배합할 경우, 냉동/공조기용 냉매로서 증발시 온도구배(TG)가 3℃ 이내인 근공비성 2원 혼합냉매로 오존층에 전혀 영향을 미치지 않으면서도 순수 냉매처럼 사용할 수 있는 특징이 있다. The composition of the mixed refrigerant of the present invention is a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant gas, propane (C 3 H 8 ) 61 -69 parts by volume and propylene (CH 3 -CH=CH 2 ) 31 -39 parts by volume with respect to the total refrigerant composition. When blended, it is a refrigerant for refrigeration/air conditioners. It is a near-azeotrope binary mixed refrigerant with a temperature gradient (TG) of less than 3°C upon evaporation.
Description
본 발명은 전기 자동차의 통합 열관리 시스템(TTMS;Total Thermal Management System)의 간접식 루프 시스템(SLS ;Secondary Loop System )에 있어서 차내의 쾌적성과 안전성, 구동계 부품(구동 모터, 인버터, 배터리) 신뢰성 및 차량성능 등에 전기자동차의 요구조건에 적합한 새로운 혼합 냉매를 제공하는 것이다.The present invention is an indirect loop system (SLS; Secondary Loop System) of an integrated thermal management system (TTMS; Total Thermal Management System) of an electric vehicle. It is to provide a new mixed refrigerant suitable for the requirements of electric vehicles such as performance.
전기자동차는 객실 냉난방 및 차량 열관리를 위해 배터리 전력을 사용하게 된다. 이는 전기자동차의 1충전 주행거리를 크게는 약 50%까지 감소시킨다. 따라서 차량 열관리 성능을 개선하면서 에너지 소모를 최소화하는 히트펌프 시스템 개발이 필요하다. 현재 전기 자동차의 히트펌프 시스템에는 HFC(Hydrofluorocarbons) 계열 냉매인 R134a를 주로 사용되었으나, HFC 계열의 냉매는 지구온 난화지수(GWP : Global Warming Potential)가 높기 때문에 교토의정서와 키갈리 개정의정서가 발의되면서 규제를 만족할 수 있는 대체 냉매로 R1234yf이 개발되었다. Electric vehicles will use battery power for room cooling and heating and vehicle thermal management. This greatly reduces the driving distance of an electric vehicle on one charge by about 50%. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a heat pump system that minimizes energy consumption while improving vehicle thermal management performance. Currently, R134a, a hydrofluorocarbons (HFC)-based refrigerant, is mainly used in the heat pump system of an electric vehicle. However, since the HFC-based refrigerant has a high Global Warming Potential (GWP), the Kyoto Protocol and the Kigali Amendment Protocol have been proposed. R1234yf has been developed as an alternative refrigerant that can satisfy regulations.
본 발명에서는 이차 루프 히트펌프 시스템(Secondary Loop Heat Pump System)의 모델을 개발하여 가연성인 R-290 및 R-1270 혼합냉매를 차량의 히트펌프 시스템으로 사용하였다. In the present invention, a model of a secondary loop heat pump system was developed and flammable mixed refrigerants of R-290 and R-1270 were used as a vehicle heat pump system.
또한, 가연성 냉매의 실내 유입을 방지하기 위해, 차량용 이차 루프 히트펌프 시스템 모델의 성능 평가, 시스템 구조 및 제어전략 최적화를 위해 시스템의 특성 과 성능을 평가할 수 있는 시스템 모델을 개발하였다.In addition, in order to prevent the inflow of flammable refrigerant into the room, a system model was developed to evaluate the performance of secondary loop heat pump system models for vehicles and to evaluate the characteristics and performance of the system to optimize the system structure and control strategy.
냉매란 넓은 의미에서 냉각시킬 때 열을 전달하는 모든 물질을 뜻하며, 주로 유체이며, 냉동기기 내부에서 냉각 사이클을 순환하면서 저온부에서 기화하여 주위에서 열을 흡수하고, 고온부에서 응축하여 열을 방출하는 방식으로 저온부를 냉각하는 것을 가능하게 하는 작동 유체를 말한다.In a broad sense, a refrigerant refers to any substance that transfers heat during cooling. It is mainly a fluid. It circulates in a cooling cycle inside a refrigerator, vaporizes in a low-temperature part to absorb heat from the surroundings, and condenses in a high-temperature part to release heat. It refers to the working fluid that makes it possible to cool the low-temperature part with
일반적으로 증발 또는 응축의 상변화 과정을 통하여 열을 흡수 또는 방출하는 냉매를 1차 냉매라 하고, 단상상태에서 감열 열전달을 통하여 열을 교환하는 냉매를 2차 냉매라 한다. 그러나 기체 사이클에 적용하는 공기, 헬륨, 수소 등은 1차 냉매로 분류하며, 주요 2차 냉매로는 브라인 및 부동액 등이 있다. In general, a refrigerant that absorbs or releases heat through a phase change process of evaporation or condensation is called a primary refrigerant, and a refrigerant that exchanges heat through sensible heat transfer in a single-phase state is called a secondary refrigerant. However, air, helium, hydrogen, etc. applied to the gas cycle are classified as primary refrigerants, and major secondary refrigerants include brine and antifreeze.
현재 자동차에 사용중인 HFC계 냉매인 R134a는 지구 온난화지수(GWP)가 높아 유럽을 중심으로 2017년부터 생산되는 모든 차량의 신규 공조 시스템에는 사용을 금지하고 대체냉매로 HFO계 R1234yf가 선진국시장을 중심으로 시작되어 현재 글로벌 확대 적용되고 있다. R134a, an HFC-based refrigerant currently used in automobiles, has a high global warming potential (GWP), so its use is prohibited in new air conditioning systems for all vehicles produced from 2017, mainly in Europe, and HFO-based R1234yf as an alternative refrigerant is mainly used in developed markets. and is currently being applied globally.
최근 전기 자동차시장이 급성장함에 따라 글로벌 차량제조사는 히트펌프시스템을 적용한 통합 열관리시스템 개발에 박차를 가하고 있다. 테슬러는 Model Y 차량에 이미, 히트펌프를 활용한 통합 열관리시스을 출시했으며 현대자동차는 내년 초 전기자동차 전용 E-GMP(Electric Global Modular Platform)의 NE모델을 출시할 예정이다. 그러나 GWP(지구온난화지수) 규제를 충족시키기 위해 유럽을 시작으로 적용되기 시작한 3세대 냉매인 HFO-1234yf는 증발압력이 충분히 높지 않아 히트펌프시스템의 난방에 필요한 외부의 저온열원으로부터 열을 다량으로 흡수하기 힘들고 저압부 압력 하락으로 인한 압축비 증가 등의 문제로 난방성능이 감소하는 문제가 지적되고 있다.As the electric vehicle market has recently grown rapidly, global vehicle manufacturers are accelerating the development of an integrated thermal management system using a heat pump system. Tesla has already released an integrated thermal management system using a heat pump for Model Y vehicles, and Hyundai Motor Company plans to release the NE model of E-GMP (Electric Global Modular Platform) exclusively for electric vehicles early next year. However, HFO-1234yf, a third-generation refrigerant that began to be applied starting in Europe to meet GWP (Global Warming Potential) regulations, does not have a sufficiently high evaporation pressure, so it absorbs a large amount of heat from an external low-temperature heat source necessary for heating the heat pump system. It is difficult to do this, and it is pointed out that heating performance decreases due to problems such as an increase in compression ratio due to a drop in pressure in the low pressure part.
이에 따라, "전기자동차용 탄화수소계열 혼합냉매의 개발"이 국책과제로 선정되어 개발에 본격적으로 착수하게 되었고, 그 결과 R134a 또는 R1234yf의 냉매보다 에너지 절감 효과가 더 크며, 특히, 히트 펌프 시스템을 활용한 전기자동차의 통합열관리에 적합한 A3급 가연성 혼합냉매의 개발에 박차를 가하고 있다.Accordingly, "development of hydrocarbon-based mixed refrigerants for electric vehicles" was selected as a national project and the development was started in earnest. We are accelerating the development of A3-class combustible mixed refrigerants suitable for integrated thermal management of electric vehicles.
기존에 개발된 R290 또는 R1270를 함유하는 혼합 냉매들에 대하여 살펴보면, 국내등록특허 제10-0616770호에는 본 발명은 증기 압축식 냉동기 또는 공조기에서 사용되는 혼합냉매 및 이를 사용한 냉동시스템에 관한 것으로, 펜타플로로에탄(R125), 1,1,1-트리플로로에탄(R143a), 프로필렌(R1270), 프로판(R290)으로 선택되는 군 중 어느 둘과 디플로로메탄(R32)을 혼합하여 구성되는 것으로서 증발 시 온도구배(TG)가 3℃ 이내인 R32를 함유하는 근공비성3원 혼합냉매에 관한 기술이 개시되어 있으며, 국내등록특허 제10-0492171호에는 R1270(프로필렌) 1 내지 99중량부, R290(프로판) 1 내지 98중량부, R152a(1,1-디플루오로에탄) 1 내지 50중량부로 구성된 혼합냉매가 개시되어 있으며, 국내등록특허 제10-0534480호에는 35∼45중량%의 프로필렌(R1270(CH3-CHCH2)), 20∼30중량%의 프로판(R290(C3H 8)), 20∼30중량%의 1,1-디플루오로에탄 (R152a(CHF2-CH3)) 및 5∼15중량%의 펜타플루오로에탄 (R125(C2HF5))을 포함하는 혼합 냉매 조성물이 개시되어 있고, 국내등록특허 제10-2181412호에는 트리플루오로아이오도메탄(CFI) 65~85부피부, 프로필렌(C3H6) 15~35부피부, 그리고 첨가제 핵사메틸 실리콘오일 01~05부피부로 조성되는 비가연성 냉매가 개시되어 있고, 국내공개특허 제2020-52624호에는 트리플루오로아이오드메탄(CF3I) 75~86부피부, 프로판(C3H8) 14~25부피부, 헥사메틸 실리콘 오일 01~05부피부로 조성된 비가연성 냉매가 개시되어 있으며, 국내등록특허 제10-0976448호에는 프로판 (R-290) 50~56 kg와, 이소부탄(R-600a) 40~49 kg, 노말 부탄 (R-600) 2~5 kg, 프로필렌 (R-1270) 1~3kg, 핵사 메틸 실리콘 오일 01~05 kg으로 조성된 냉매 조성물이 개시되어 있다. 냉매는 물리적으로 GWP와 난방성능이 서로 트레이드 오프 (Trade off)되므로 단일냉매보다는 적절한 냉매를 혼합하여 전기자동차의 통합 열관리에 적합한 냉매를 추출한 결과, R290과 R1270을 혼합한 냉매가 가장 효율적이였으나, R1270은 동일온도의 포화 압력이 R290에 비해서 18%정도 높아서, 시스템 내압 설계 및 난방시 압축비의 과다 등으로 압축 효율 저하 및 품질에 문제가 될 수 있다는 점을 발견하고 수십차례의 시험과정을 거쳐, 현실적으로 적용 가능한 최적의 혼합비(R290 65%+R1270 35%)로 배합할 경우, 응축 및 증발 과정에서 비공비 혼합냉매의 특성인 온도구배(GTD)를 극대화하여 열교환기 효율을 높일수 있다는 사실을 발견하고 본 발명을 완성하게 되었다.Looking at the previously developed mixed refrigerants containing R290 or R1270, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0616770 relates to a mixed refrigerant used in a vapor compression type refrigerator or an air conditioner and a refrigeration system using the same. Composed by mixing dichloromethane (R32) with any two of the group selected from fluoroethane (R125), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a), propylene (R1270), and propane (R290) As such, a technology related to a near-azeotropic three-way mixed refrigerant containing R32 having a temperature gradient (TG) during evaporation of within 3 ° C is disclosed, and in Korean Patent No. 10-0492171, R1270 (propylene) 1 to 99 parts by weight, A mixed refrigerant composed of 1 to 98 parts by weight of R290 (propane) and 1 to 50 parts by weight of R152a (1,1-difluoroethane) is disclosed, and Korean Patent No. 10-0534480 discloses 35 to 45% by weight of propylene (R1270(CH3-CHCH2)), 20-30% by weight of propane (R290(C3H8)), 20-30% by weight of 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a(CHF2-CH3)) and 5-15 A mixed refrigerant composition containing weight percent of pentafluoroethane (R125 (C2HF5)) is disclosed, and in Korean Patent No. 10-2181412, trifluoroiodomethane (CFI) 65 to 85 parts by volume, propylene ( A non-flammable refrigerant composed of 15 to 35 parts by volume of C3H6) and 01 to 05 parts by volume of additive hexamethyl silicone oil is disclosed. A non-flammable refrigerant composed of 86 parts by volume, 14 to 25 parts by volume of propane (C3H8), and 01 to 05 parts by volume of hexamethyl silicone oil is disclosed, and Korean Patent No. 10-0976448 discloses propane (R-290) 50 Composed of ~56 kg, isobutane (R-600a) 40-49 kg, normal butane (R-600) 2-5 kg, propylene (R-1270) 1-3 kg, and hexamethyl silicone oil 01-05 kg A refrigerant composition is disclosed. Refrigerants physically trade off each other in GWP and heating performance. As a result, a refrigerant suitable for integrated thermal management of an electric vehicle was extracted by mixing appropriate refrigerants rather than a single refrigerant. R1270 has a higher saturation pressure by 18% than R290 at the same temperature, so it can be a problem in compression efficiency and quality due to system pressure design and excessive compression ratio during heating. After dozens of tests, When blended at the optimal mixing ratio (R290 65% + R1270 35%) that can be applied in practice, it was found that heat exchanger efficiency can be increased by maximizing the temperature gradient (GTD), which is a characteristic of non-azeotropic mixed refrigerants in the process of condensation and evaporation. The present invention has been completed.
냉매 R1234yf는 기존 내연기관의 냉방을 위해 개발된 냉매로 증발압력이 충분히 높지 않아 히트펌프 시스템의 난방에 필요한 외부의 저온 열원으로부터 열을 다량으로 흡수하기 힘들고 저압부 압력 하락으로 인한 압축비 증가 등의 문제로 난방성능이 감소하는 문제점이 있으며, 또한, 전기자동차의 주행 중 폐열을 난방에 활용하는데 있어서도 열이송 매체로서 냉매 흡입 압력이 부압으로 냉매 순환량이 적어지며, 외기온도 -20℃에서 초기 최대 난방이 3kw로 전기 자동차용으로 적용하기에는 한계가 있었다.Refrigerant R1234yf is a refrigerant developed for cooling of existing internal combustion engines. Its evaporation pressure is not high enough, so it is difficult to absorb a large amount of heat from an external low-temperature heat source required for heating the heat pump system, and problems such as an increase in compression ratio due to a drop in pressure at the low pressure part There is a problem that the heating performance is reduced, and also, when using waste heat for heating while driving an electric vehicle, the refrigerant intake pressure as a heat transfer medium is reduced due to negative pressure, and the refrigerant circulation amount is reduced, and the initial maximum heating is There was a limit to apply for electric vehicles with 3kw.
또한, 순수 물질로 기존 냉매를 대체하는 경우 대체냉매의 체적용량이 달라서, 필연적으로 압축기를 바꾸거나 크게 개조해야 할 뿐만 아니라 기존 냉매와 비슷한 성능계수를 내기가 어렵다는 것이 밝혀졌다.In addition, when replacing the existing refrigerant with a pure material, it has been found that the volume capacity of the replacement refrigerant is different, so that the compressor must be changed or greatly modified, and it is difficult to obtain a performance coefficient similar to that of the existing refrigerant.
이런한 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방법 중 하나가 혼합냉매를 이용하는 것으로 혼합냉매의 특성은 각 성분들의 조성 비율을 잘 배합해서 성능계수는 기존 냉매와 비슷하게 함과 동시에 기존 냉매와 비슷한 체적용량(VC)을 내게 함으로서 'Drop-in' 대체를 통해 압축기를 크게 개조할 필요가 없게 만들 수 있다는 것이다.One of the ways to solve this problem is to use a mixed refrigerant. The characteristic of the mixed refrigerant is to mix the composition ratio of each component well, so that the coefficient of performance is similar to that of the existing refrigerant and at the same time, the volumetric capacity (VC) similar to that of the existing refrigerant. By doing so, you can avoid the need for major modifications to the compressor through a 'drop-in' replacement.
따라서, 본 발명은 냉동기 시스템의 설계변경을 최소화하며, 냉매량의 조절만으로 곧 바로 (Drop-in) 적용하기 위하여 체적냉동능력이 우수하고, 증기압 특성이 기존 냉매와 동등 수준이며, 냉동 사이클상의 증발 및 응축과정에서 온도구배를 최소화하고, 냉매의 장기보관과 사용의 편리성을 도모하기 위한 근사 공비혼합물 특성을 가지며,냉난방 및 가열에 효율이 좋은 히트 펌프 시스템에 HC(탄화수소)계 냉매 물성의 우수함을 활용하여 히트 펌프 시스템에 적용가능하도록 혼합하여 냉/난방 성능 및 효율(COP)를 향상시키는데 있다.Therefore, the present invention minimizes the design change of the refrigerant system, has excellent volumetric refrigeration capacity to be applied directly (drop-in) only by adjusting the amount of refrigerant, has the same level of vapor pressure characteristics as existing refrigerants, evaporates and It minimizes the temperature gradient in the condensation process, has approximate azeotrope properties to promote long-term storage and convenience of use of the refrigerant, and provides excellent properties of HC (hydrocarbon)-based refrigerants to heat pump systems that are efficient in cooling and heating. It is used to improve cooling/heating performance and efficiency (COP) by mixing so that it can be applied to a heat pump system.
상기의 과제를 해결하기 위하여 본 발명은 친환경 냉매에 있어서 R290(프로판) 60~69부피부와 R1270(프로필렌) 31~40부피부로 조성되는 A3급 가연성 친환경 냉매를 제공함에 있다.In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is to provide an A3 class flammable eco-friendly refrigerant composed of 60 to 69 parts by volume of R290 (propane) and 31 to 40 parts by volume of R1270 (propylene) in an environmentally friendly refrigerant.
상기의 가연성 친환경 냉매는 오존층 파괴지수(ODP)가 0이며, 지구 온난화 지수(GWP)가 3에 가까운 A3급 가연성 친환경 냉매 조성물인 것을 특징으로 한다.The flammable eco-friendly refrigerant is characterized in that it is an A3 class flammable eco-friendly refrigerant composition with an ozone layer depletion potential (ODP) of 0 and a global warming potential (GWP) close to 3.
또한, 본 발명은 냉난방 및 가열에 효율이 좋은 HC(탄화수소)계 냉매 물성의 우수함을 활용하여 히트 펌프 시스템에 적용가능하도록 혼합하여 냉/난방 성능 및 효율(COP)를 향상시키는데 있다.In addition, the present invention is to improve cooling/heating performance and efficiency (COP) by mixing so that it can be applied to a heat pump system by utilizing the excellent properties of a HC (hydrocarbon)-based refrigerant that is efficient for heating and cooling.
또한, 본 발명의 혼합냉매를 사용하는 전기 차량용 공조 시스템은 냉매가 증발기, 압축기, 응축기, 팽창밸브를 순차적으로 통과하며 순환하되, 상기 증발기로부터 상기 압축기로 유동하는 냉매와 상기 응축기로부터 상기 팽창밸브로 유동하는 냉매 간에 열교환을 일으키는 내부 열교환기를 구비하는 차량용 공조 시스템으로 구성되어 있음을 특징으로 한다. In addition, in the air conditioning system for an electric vehicle using the mixed refrigerant of the present invention, the refrigerant sequentially passes through and circulates through an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve, and the refrigerant flows from the evaporator to the compressor and from the condenser to the expansion valve. It is characterized in that it is composed of an air conditioning system for a vehicle having an internal heat exchanger that causes heat exchange between flowing refrigerants.
본 발명은 전기 자동차의 통합 열관리 시스템에 사용되는 혼합 냉매로 냉동 기구에 기술적 설계 변화 없이 종래의 HFO계 냉매를 대체 사용이 가능하고 모터룸에서만 혼합냉매가 작동하므로 차실내의 비폭발성의 안전성과 압축기 등의 금속부식이 없고 냉동시스템에서도 안전하며 인체에 유해성이 전혀 없으며, 새롭게 사용되어지는 히트펌프식 냉난방 시스템의 전기 자동차에 사용하는 혼합냉매로 난방 효과가 외기 -20도 조건에서 R1234yf의 난방 체적당 흡열 능력은 1057kJ/m3 와 비교하여 본 발명의 혼합냉매는 1732kJ/m3이므로 160% 성능 향상 효과가 있으며, 또한 단일 냉매 R290의 난방 체당당 흡열 능력 1596kJ/m3대비 8.5%의 성능향상 효과가 있으며, 냉방의 경우는 R1234yf 냉매의 체적당 흡열 능력 2882kJ/m3 대비 4172kJ/m3으로 144%의 성능 향상 효과를 기대할 수 있다.The present invention is a mixed refrigerant used in an integrated thermal management system of an electric vehicle, and can be used as a substitute for the conventional HFO-based refrigerant without changing the technical design of the refrigeration mechanism. It has no metal corrosion, is safe in the refrigeration system, has no harm to the human body, and is a mixed refrigerant used in electric vehicles of the newly used heat pump cooling and heating system. Compared to 1057kJ/m3, the mixed refrigerant of the present invention has a performance improvement effect of 160% since the mixed refrigerant of the present invention is 1732kJ/m3 compared to 1057kJ/m3, and also has an 8.5% performance improvement effect compared to the single refrigerant R290's heat absorption capacity per heating unit of 1596kJ/m3, In the case of cooling, a performance improvement effect of 144% can be expected with 4172 kJ/m3 compared to 2882 kJ/m3 of heat absorption capacity per volume of R1234yf refrigerant.
본 발명에 따른 전기 자동차의 냉/온수를 창출하기 위한 전동 압축기, 판형 열교환기, EXV(전자식 팽창장치), 어큐뮬레이터등으로 구성된 SLS간접식 히트펌프 시스템 SLS 간접식 히트펌프 시스템의 작동유체인 혼합냉매 조성물은 탄화수소계에서 선택되는 냉매가스인 R-290와 R-1270을 특정의 비율로 배합한 혼합물로 구성된다.SLS indirect heat pump system composed of an electric compressor, plate heat exchanger, EXV (electronic expansion device), accumulator, etc. for generating cold/hot water for an electric vehicle according to the present invention Mixed refrigerant composition as a working fluid of the SLS indirect heat pump system is composed of a mixture of R-290 and R-1270, which are refrigerant gases selected from hydrocarbons, in a specific ratio.
즉, 본 발명의 혼합냉매의 조성물은 전체 냉매 조성물에 대해, 탄화수소계 냉매 가스인 프로판(C3H8) 65부피부와 프로필렌(CH3-CH=CH2) 35부피부의 혼합비로 배합할 경우, 냉동/공조기용 냉매로서 증발시 온도구배(TG)가 3℃ 이내인 근공비성 2원 혼합냉매로 오존층에 전혀 영향을 미치지 않으면서도 순수냉매처럼 사용할 수 있는 장점이 있다.That is, the mixed refrigerant composition of the present invention is mixed in a mixing ratio of 65 parts by volume of propane (C 3 H 8 ), which is a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant gas, and 35 parts by volume of propylene (CH 3 -CH=CH 2 ), with respect to the entire refrigerant composition. As a refrigerant for refrigeration/air conditioners, it is a near-azeotropic binary mixed refrigerant with a temperature gradient (TG) of less than 3°C upon evaporation, and has the advantage of being usable as a pure refrigerant without affecting the ozone layer at all.
또한, 기존 냉매와 유사한 성능계수(Coefficient of performance, 이하 COP라 한다)를 가지고 있다.In addition, it has a coefficient of performance (hereinafter referred to as COP) similar to that of conventional refrigerants.
성능계수(COP)란 압축기에 가해진 일과 대비한 총 냉동효과를 의미하는 것으로서, COP가 클수록 냉동/공조기의 에너지 효율이 좋으며, 압축기를 크게 개조하지 않고 사용이 가능한 장점이 있다. The coefficient of performance (COP) means the total refrigerating effect compared to the work applied to the compressor.
여기서 체적용량(VC)이란 단위 체적당 냉동 효과를 뜻하는데 이것은 압축기의 크기를 나타내는 인자로서 대개 증기압에 비례하고 단위는 kJ/㎥이다. 본 발명의 혼합냉매의 체적용량이 크다는 의미는 동일 압축기 용량 및 동일 회전수에서 냉/난방 성능이 더 향상된다는 의미와 같다고 할 수 있다. 또한 동일 냉/난방 성능 시 압축기의 회전수를 줄여서 압축기의 소비전력을 감소시켜 COP가 개선될 수 있다.Here, the volumetric capacity (VC) means the refrigerating effect per unit volume, which is a factor representing the size of the compressor and is usually proportional to the vapor pressure, and the unit is kJ/m3. The meaning that the volumetric capacity of the mixed refrigerant of the present invention is large is the same as the meaning that the cooling/heating performance is further improved at the same compressor capacity and the same rotation speed. In addition, the COP can be improved by reducing the number of revolutions of the compressor for the same cooling/heating performance, thereby reducing the power consumption of the compressor.
또한, 65부피부의 프로판(C3H8)과 35부피부의 프로필렌(CH3-CH=CH2)의 혼합비로 배합된 본 발명의 혼합냉매를 간접식 히트펌프 시스템에 적용하여 증발기 및 응축기에 40℃의 15LPM 냉각수 유량 고부하 조건에서 2000~5000rpm으로 압축기 회전 시 냉방성능이 R1234yf대비 최대14% 향상이 확인되었다.In addition, the mixed refrigerant of the present invention formulated at a mixing ratio of 65 parts by volume of propane (C 3 H 8 ) and 35 parts by volume of propylene (CH 3 -CH=CH 2 ) is applied to an indirect heat pump system to produce evaporators and condensers It was confirmed that the cooling performance improved by up to 14% compared to R1234yf when the compressor was rotated at 2000 to 5000 rpm under a high load condition of 15 LPM cooling water flow rate at 40 ° C.
그러나, 프로판(C3H8)의 함량이 60부피부 미만인 경우, 냉동능력은 저하되고 프로판(C3H8)의 함량이 69부피부를 초과할 경우, 가연성은 개선되며 냉동능력은 우수하나 응축압력이 증가하면서 소비전력이 상승하여 성적계수가 악화되며 압축기 적용(drop-in)이 곤란하고 비공비혼합물 특성이 증가되는 문제점이 나타났다. 따라서, 프로판과 프로필렌의 비율을 60~69 : 31~40의 비율이 바람직하며, 가장 바람직하기로는 프로판 65부피부 : 프로필렌 35 중량부이다. 상기와 같이 프로판 65부피부 : 프로필렌 35 중량부로 배합한 혼합냉매는 <그림 1> 및 <그림 2 >에서 알 수 있듯이 비점이나 온도구배, 포화증기압이 최적으로 나타났고, 냉난방의 성능에 있어서도, 중량부 냉방의 경우, 7.5%로 효율이 증가하였고, 난방의 경우, 8.5% 효율이 증가하였다. However, when the content of propane (C 3 H 8 ) is less than 60 parts by volume, the freezing capacity is lowered, and when the content of propane (C 3 H 8 ) exceeds 69 parts by volume, the flammability is improved and the freezing ability is excellent. As the condensing pressure increased, the power consumption increased, resulting in a deterioration of the performance coefficient, difficulty in applying the compressor (drop-in), and problems in that the characteristics of the non-azeotrope increased. Therefore, the ratio of propane and propylene is preferably 60 to 69: 31 to 40, and most preferably 65 parts by volume of propane: 35 parts by weight of propylene. As shown above, the mixed refrigerant blended with 65 parts by volume of propane and 35 parts by weight of propylene showed optimal boiling point, temperature gradient, and saturated vapor pressure as shown in <Figure 1> and <Figure 2>. In the case of subcooling, the efficiency increased by 7.5%, and in the case of heating, the efficiency increased by 8.5%.
<그림 1> 혼합비별 물성 특성<Figure 1> Physical properties by mixing ratio
<그림 2> 냉매 물성에 따른 냉난방 성능<Figure 2> Cooling and heating performance according to refrigerant properties
또한, 본 발명의 혼합냉매를 사용하는 전기 자동차용 히트 펌프 시스템은, 냉매를 압축시키는 압축기와 냉매와 실내 공기를 열교환시키는 실내 열교환기와, 냉매를 저온저압 상태로 팽창시켜 출력하는 팽창밸브, 냉매와 실외 공기를 열교환시키는 실외 열교환기, 상기 실내 열교환기와 연결되며, 열교환 사이클을 냉방 사이클과 난방 사이클로 전환할 수 있도록, 냉매의 흐름의 역전시키는 밸브를 포함한다.In addition, the heat pump system for an electric vehicle using the mixed refrigerant of the present invention includes a compressor for compressing the refrigerant, an indoor heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and indoor air, an expansion valve for expanding the refrigerant to a low-temperature and low-pressure state, and outputting the refrigerant. An outdoor heat exchanger for exchanging heat with outdoor air, and a valve connected to the indoor heat exchanger and reversing a flow of refrigerant so as to convert a heat exchange cycle into a cooling cycle and a heating cycle.
또한, 보조 열교환장치와, 냉매의 흐름을 전환시키는 밸브와 온도센서 및 제어기를 더 포함하며, 상기 온도센서는 보조 열교환장치 내부를 순환하는 냉각수의 온도를 측정하여 그 값을 출력하도록 구성되어 있다. . It may further include an auxiliary heat exchanger, a valve for converting a flow of refrigerant, a temperature sensor, and a controller, wherein the temperature sensor measures the temperature of the cooling water circulating inside the auxiliary heat exchanger and outputs the value. .
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