KR102536632B1 - Aquaponics system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an aquaponics system, and the present invention relates to a fish farm including a water tank to which a supply line and a discharge line are connected, and a cultivation bed disposed spaced apart from the water tank and connected to the water tank by a supply line and a discharge line. It is installed to support the plant cultivation unit and the cultivation table including a plurality of stages, and may include a structural frame including a vertical support unit connected to a discharge line and a horizontal support unit cross-coupled to the vertical support unit and connected to a supply line. . Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to simultaneously cultivate fish and grow plants by cultivating plants with breeding water containing organic matter from fish, purifying the breeding water through the plants, and circulating the breeding water to the breeding tank.

Description

Aquaponics System {AQUAPONICS SYSTEM}

The present invention relates to an aquaponics system, and more particularly, to grow plants with breeding water containing organic matter from fish, to purify the breeding water through the plants, and to circulate the breeding water to a breeding tank, thereby simultaneously cultivating fish and cultivating plants. It is about an aquaponics system that can do it.

The Aquaponics production system is a combined cultivation system that combines Aquaculture of fishery and Hydroponics of agriculture, and the feed supplied for the growth and survival of aquaculture organisms is used by heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms. It is an eco-friendly production method that can continuously produce agricultural and marine products without exchange of breeding water by stabilizing the quality of fish farming and achieving plant growth while plants absorb fish that are decomposed into various minerals and nitrates as growth nutrients.

However, in the conventional aquaponics system, the water supply pipe and drain pipe connecting the breeding tank and the cultivation bed are provided as separate configurations and installed outside the support structure (shelf), so the position of the cultivation bed or the arrangement structure of the support structure is changed. If this is done, there is a problem that the growth bed or support structure is reinstalled and the connection structure of the water supply pipe and drain pipe installed therein is unavoidably changed.

In particular, in the conventional aquaponics system, when a plurality of cultivation beds are installed on each layer of the support structure, branch pipes extending from the water supply pipe and the drain pipe must be additionally installed so that they can be connected to each cultivation bed. Since it is necessary to fix the branch pipe installed to the support structure, there is a problem in that work efficiency is reduced.

Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-2032537 (registered on October 8, 2019)

The present invention was made to solve the above problems. In the present invention, the supply line and the discharge line connected to the water tank and the cultivation bed are integrally formed in the structural frame for the circulation of breeding water, so that a separate piping structure It is possible to provide an aquaponics system that does not require installation.

In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an aquaponics system in which the structural frame is easily separated and coupled through the joint.

Moreover, the present invention can provide an aquaponics system having a modular structure of a cultivation bed for plant cultivation and a structural frame supporting the cultivation bed.

In order to solve the above problems, the system of the present invention is a fish farm including a tank to which a supply line and a discharge line are connected, a cultivation bed disposed away from the tank and connected to the tank by the supply line and the discharge line. It is installed to support the plant cultivation unit and the cultivation table including a plurality of stages, and may include a structural frame including a vertical support unit connected to a discharge line and a horizontal support unit cross-coupled to the vertical support unit and connected to a supply line. .

In addition, the vertical support includes a plurality of first supports and a plurality of first inner tubes inserted into the first supports and formed with a flow path connected to the discharge line, and the horizontal support includes a plurality of second supports and a second support. It may include a second inner tube inserted into the inside and formed with a flow path connected to the supply line.

Further, the structural frame may include a joint part connecting the vertical support part and the horizontal support part, wherein the joint part is arranged independently of the first connection passage through which each passage of the pair of adjacent first inner tubes communicates with each other. And may include a connecting member including a second connection path through which each flow path of the pair of adjacent second inner tubes communicates.

Meanwhile, the structural frame may include a movable plate coupled to the vertical support and detachably installed thereon, and a height adjusting member movably fixing the movable plate to the vertical support.

Here, the vertical support portion may include a plurality of catching grooves formed spaced apart in the longitudinal direction, and the height adjusting member may include an adjusting protrusion coupled to or separated from the catching groove.

In addition, the plant cultivation unit may include a water receiving plate having a drainage port connected to the vertical support formed on one side thereof and coupled to a lower portion of the cultivation table.

In the aquaponics system of the present invention, the supply line and the discharge line connected to the water tank and the cultivation bed are integrally formed in the structural frame for circulation of breeding water, so there is no need to install a separate piping structure, and the structure is structured through a joint. Since the frame is easy to separate and combine, it has the advantage of being simple to install.

1 is a perspective view schematically illustrating an aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is an enlarged view of a portion of an aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional perspective view schematically illustrating a joint part of the aquaponics system of FIG. 2 .
4 is an enlarged view of some configurations of an aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is an enlarged view of some configurations of an aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Advantages and features of the present invention, and methods for achieving them will become clear with reference to the detailed embodiments described later in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and will be implemented in various different forms.

Hereinafter, technical features of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a perspective view schematically illustrating an aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The configuration and function of the aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1 .

The aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment may include a fish farming unit 10 , a plant cultivation unit 20 and a structural frame 30 .

The fish farming unit 10 includes a breeding tank 11 for breeding fish, and a supply line 10a and a discharge line 10b may be connected to the breeding tank 11 .

The breeding tank 11 may accommodate breeding water therein, and may be formed in a size suitable for breeding fish. The breeding water tank 11 may be installed at a position lower than the position where the plant cultivation unit 20 is installed, and may be installed on the ground or in the ground, for example.

Here, the fish farming section 10 may include a circulation pump 12 and a filtration tank 13, etc., and the supply line 10a and the discharge line 10b are connected to the circulation pump 12 or the filtration tank ( 13), etc., so that breeding water supplied from the fish farming section 10 to the plant cultivation section 20 or discharged from the plant cultivation section 20 can be easily circulated and filtered.

The circulation pump 12 may include a water supply pump 12a connected to the supply line 10a and a drain pump 12b connected to the discharge line 10b. At this time, in the case of the supply line 10a through which the breeding water is transferred to the upper plant cultivation unit 20, the supply must be performed by the water supply pump 12a, and in the case of the discharge line 10b that transports the breeding water from the upper side to the lower side Although it is possible to transfer the breeding water without a separate pump, a drain pump 12b may be installed as needed for stable circulation of the breeding water.

The plant cultivating unit 20 may include at least one cultivating table 21 arranged to be spaced upward from the breeding water tank 11 .

The cultivation table 21 may have a certain depth and have a structure capable of supporting plants so that breeding water can be accommodated and cultivated plants can be settled. The size or height of the cultivation table 21 may be formed differently depending on the type or cultivation amount of the plant to be cultivated.

A supply line 10a and a discharge line 10b connected to the breeding water tank 11 may be respectively connected to the cultivation bed 21 .

Plants cultivated in the plant cultivation unit 20 can be grown using nutrients from feed contained in the breeding water contained in the breeding tank 11 of the fish farming unit 10 and nutrients contained in fish excretion as nutrients. In addition, the plants grown in the plant cultivation unit 20 purify ammonia harmful to fish, and the purified breeding water can be returned to the breeding tank 11 through the discharge line 10b.

The structural frame 30 is installed to support the cultivation table 21 in a plurality of stages, and includes a vertical support part 31 disposed vertically on the ground and a horizontal support part 32 coupled to the vertical support part 31 at right angles can include

The vertical support part 31 may include a plurality of first supports 311 spaced apart from each other in the vertical and horizontal directions. Each of the first supports 311 may be continuously coupled in a plurality on a vertical straight line to extend their length. Since the first support 311 constitutes the framework of the structural frame 30, it may be provided as a steel pipe having a predetermined rigidity.

The horizontal support 32 crosses the first support 311 in the horizontal direction and intersects the plurality of second supports 321 and the second support 321 spaced apart in the height direction of the first support 311 . A plurality of connection supports 323 may be included.

At this time, the second support body 321 may be disposed in the transverse direction, the connection support body 323 may be disposed in the longitudinal direction, and each of the second support body 321 and the connection support body 323 may be disposed in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction. The length may be extended while continuously combining a plurality of them. Since the second support body 321 and the connection support body 323 also constitute the skeleton of the structural frame 30, they may be provided as steel pipes having a predetermined rigidity.

In this way, the structural frame 30 constitutes a plurality of stages as the horizontal supports 32 are arranged in multiple layers on the vertical supports 31 vertically arranged in a lattice form on the ground, and plants are formed in the space partitioned by each stage. The cultivation table 21 of the cultivation unit 20 can be installed.

Here, the discharge line 10b may be integrally connected to the vertical support 31 and the supply line 10a may be integrally connected to the horizontal support 32 .

To this end, a flow path to which the discharge line 10b or the supply line 10a is connected may be formed in each of the vertical support part 31 and the horizontal support part 32 inside the support body.

Specifically, the vertical support part 31 may include a plurality of first inner tubes 312 respectively inserted into the plurality of first supports 311 .

The first inner tube 312 may have a flow path in fluid communication with the discharge line 10b formed therein, and when a pair of first supports 311 adjacent to each other are connected, the adjacent first inner tube 312 ) can be extended.

Also, the horizontal support part 32 may include a plurality of second inner tubes 322 each inserted into the plurality of second supports 321 .

The second inner tube 322 may have a flow path fluidly communicating with the supply line 10a formed inside, and when a pair of second supports 321 adjacent to each other are connected, the adjacent first inner tube 312 ) can be extended.

After all, according to this embodiment, the vertical support part 31 and the horizontal support part 32 of the structural frame 30 can function as a support material constituting the skeleton and at the same time perform the function of a water pipe for supplying or discharging breeding water. can

Therefore, according to the aquaponics system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the structural frame 30 does not separately install pipes connected to the supply line 10a and the discharge line 10b, and the support body itself piping. Since it functions as a , it has the advantage that the structure installation work and the pipe installation work can be simply performed as one integrated process.

Here, a passage opening/closing member (not shown) may be installed in the second inner tube 322 .

The passage opening/closing member may be formed in a valve structure such as a ball valve, a globe valve, or a gate valve, and is installed to pass through the second support 321 and the second inner pipe 322 so as to penetrate the inside of the second inner pipe 322. It can be installed to open and close the flow path. The passage opening/closing member can block or allow flow of the passage connected to the supply line 10a as needed.

However, the passage opening and closing member may be installed in the first inner pipe 312, but in the case of the discharge line 10b connected to the first inner pipe 312, unlike the supply line 10a, the flow of breeding water is drained. Since the need for control is small, it may be preferably installed only in the second inner pipe 322 without being installed in the first inner pipe 312 to reduce costs.

Meanwhile, in the present embodiment, the supply line 10a and the discharge line 10b are described as being connected to the horizontal support part 32 and the vertical support part 31, respectively, but the structural frame 30 has the supply line 10a and the For smooth circulation of the discharge line 10b, the vertical support 31 adjacent to the feed water pump 12a is connected to the supply line 10a and the horizontal support 32 adjacent to the drain pump 12b is connected to the discharge line ( 10b) may be connected.

That is, in at least two stages, the horizontal support portion 32 is connected to the supply line 10a and the vertical support portion 31 is separately connected to the discharge line 10b, respectively, but the horizontal support portion 32 constituting the lower first stage and , the passage of the vertical support part 31 disposed on one side can be connected to different lines to have an appropriate supply or discharge circulation structure.

2 is an enlarged view of a portion of an aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a cross-sectional perspective view schematically illustrating a joint part of the aquaponics system of FIG. 2 .

Referring to FIG. 2 , the structural frame 30 may include a joint part 33 connecting a vertical support part 31 and a horizontal support part 32 .

The joint part 33 includes a pair of first insertion holes 331 into which the first support body 311 is inserted, a pair of second insertion holes 332 into which the second support body 321 is inserted, and a connection support body 323. It may include a pair of third insertion holes 333 into which is inserted.

In addition, the joint part 33 may include a fixing means (not shown) for fixing the supports so that each of the supports 311, 321, and 323 can be fixed to the respective insertion holes 331, 332, and 333, As an example, the fixing means may be a fastening member (not shown) inserted through the outside of the joint part 33 to press the outer surface of each support body.

As such, the joint part 33 may connect the vertical support part 31 and the horizontal support part 32 so that the vertical support part 31 and the horizontal support part 32 extend in a straight line.

That is, the joint part 33 may cross each pair of the first support body 311, the second support body 321, and the connection support body 323 disposed in succession in a straight line, and each support body through a fastening member. can be easily fixed.

As a result, according to the aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment, the vertical support part 31 and the horizontal support part 32 can be simply fixed through the joint part 33, and the first support body 311, Since the lengths of the second support body 321 and the connection support body 323 can be easily extended and connected, the structural frame 30 can be easily connected.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the joint part 33 according to the present embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the joint part 33 includes a first connection passage 331a connecting the first insertion holes 331 on both sides and a second connection passage 332a connecting the second insertion holes 332 on both sides. can include

The first connection path 331a extends so that both flow paths of the first inner tube 312 coupled to the inside of the first supporter 311 inserted on both sides can communicate, and the second connection path 332a is connected to both sides. Both sides of the flow path of the second inner tube 322 coupled to the inside of the second supporter 321 inserted into may be extended to communicate.

In this case, the joint part 33 may be formed such that the first connection path 331a and the second connection path 332a are independently separated. For example, as shown in the drawing, the second connection path 332a may have a flow path formed to bypass the first connection path 331a passing through the joint part 33, and each supply line 10a and The discharge line 10b can be separated and circulated.

In addition, a valve member (not shown) is installed in each connection passage to block or allow passage of the fluid.

In this way, the joint part 33 can connect the vertical support part 31 and the horizontal support part 32, respectively, and each support body is extended in length by the joint part 33 and supplied to the discharge line 10b through the connecting passage. The lines 10a can be connected in a separate state.

In addition, the joint part 33 protrudes from the inside of the first insertion hole 331 and protrudes from the inside of the first protruding pipe (not shown) extending to the first connection passage 331a and the second insertion hole 332. It may include a second protruding pipe 332b formed and extending to the second connection passage 332a.

Here, the first protruding tube of the joint part 33 may be inserted into the first inner tube 312 and the second protruding tube 332b may be inserted into the second inner tube 322 .

That is, the joint part 33 facilitates the extension of the flow path formed in each of the inner tubes 312 and 322 through the first protruding tube and the second protruding tube 332b.

In addition, a sealing member 33a may be provided on an outer surface of each of the first protruding tube and the second protruding tube 332b, and leakage may be prevented from occurring when the flow path is connected by the sealing member 33a.

4 is an enlarged view of some configurations of an aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4 together with FIG. 1 , the structural frame 30 according to the present embodiment may include a moving plate 34 and a height adjusting member 35 .

The moving plate 34 may be coupled to the vertical support 31, and the cultivation table 21 of the plant cultivation unit 20 may be detachably installed on the upper portion. A coupling groove (not shown) into which the lower portion of the cultivation table 21 is fitted may be formed on the top of the moving plate 34, and the cultivation table 21 can be easily separated by the fitting.

Also, the height adjusting member 35 is for movably fixing the moving plate 34 to the vertical support 31 and may be disposed under the moving plate 34 and coupled to the vertical support 31 . At this time, the height adjusting member 35 is fixed to the vertical support 31 to support the lower portion of the moving plate 34 .

That is, in the aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment, since the height of the cultivation table 21 can be adjusted, the height of the cultivation table 21 can be matched according to the type or size of the plant to be cultivated.

In addition, since the cultivation table 21 can be detachably installed on the movable plate 34, the cultivation table 21 can be removed from the movable plate 34 and used as a scaffold on which a worker can move.

After all, according to the aquaponics system 100 according to this embodiment, the moving plate 34 can be used as a support plate for supporting the cultivation table 21 or used as a foothold for the movement of a worker. can be used selectively.

Referring back to FIG. 4 , a plurality of locking grooves 31a may be formed in the vertical support part 31, and an adjusting protrusion 35a coupled to or separated from the locking groove 31a may be formed in the height adjusting member 35. there is.

The locking grooves 31a may be spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction on the outer surface of the first support 311 . The locking groove 31a may have a plurality of grooves formed at close intervals or a small number of grooves formed at preset intervals so that the height of the moving plate 34 can be adjusted in various ways.

Also, the height adjusting member 35 may include an adjusting protrusion 35a coupled to the locking groove 31a.

The adjusting protrusion 35a allows the height adjusting member 35 to be fixed to or released from the vertical support 31 as it is coupled to or separated from the locking groove 31a formed in the vertical support 31 .

The adjusting protrusion 35a may be provided with a structure that is moved in a direction to be inserted into or separated from the locking groove 31a by an external force like a fastening bolt.

As described above, according to the aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment, since the height can be easily adjusted through the adjusting protrusion 35a of the height adjusting member 35, the adjusting operation can be easily performed.

5 is an enlarged view of some configurations of an aquaponics system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the plant cultivation unit 20 may include a water receiving plate 22 .

The water receiving plate 22 may have a drainage hole 221 connected to the vertical support 31 formed on one side thereof, and may be disposed below the cultivation table 21 . Here, the water receiving plate 22 may integrally extend from the lower portion of the cultivation table 21, but may be provided in a manner coupled to the lower portion of the cultivation table 21.

The water receiving plate 22 may be connected to the first inner tube 312 of the vertical support 31 through the drain hole 221, and the breeding water drained from the cultivation table 21 may be discharged through the discharge line 10b. there is.

In addition, a filter unit (not shown) may be provided in the water receiving plate 22, and in the filter unit, the breeding water drained from the cultivation bed 21 is primarily filtered, so that foreign substances, etc. penetration can be prevented. The filter unit may be installed between the water receiving plate 22 and the cultivation table 21 or may be inserted into the drain hole 221.

In addition, the drain hole 221 of the water receiving plate 22 may be moved in a fixed position to the vertical support 31 according to the height adjustment of the moving plate 34, but the coupled position of the vertical support 31 is fixed. It may be connected by a flexible connector (not shown).

At this time, at least one drain connection hole (not shown) to which the drain hole 221 of the water receiving plate 22 is connected may be formed in the vertical support part 31, and the drain connection hole is longitudinally along the vertical support part 31. can be spaced apart from each other. When the drain hole 221 is not connected, the hole may be closed through a separate stopper (not shown).

In this way, according to the aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment, it is connected to the vertical support 31 through the drainage hole 221 of the water receiving plate 22 installed at the bottom of the cultivation table 21, so that the breeding water is Since it can be discharged to the discharge line 10b, circulation of breeding water is possible.

Also, the plant cultivation unit 20 may include a supply pipe 23 connected to the supply line 10a.

The supply pipe 23 may be coupled to the second support 321 of the horizontal support 32 and connected to the second inner pipe 322 inserted into the second support 321, and may be connected to the top of the cultivation bed 21. It can be installed to cross the . The supply pipe 23 may supply breeding water to the plants grown in the cultivation table 21 through a plurality of water supply holes 231 formed along the longitudinal direction.

Hereinafter, the operation of the aquaponics system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be described.

First, in the fish farming unit 10, fish are reared through the breeding water contained in the tank 10, and the supply line 10a connected to the tank 10 passes through the water supply pump 12a or the filtration tank 13 to the upper side. It is possible to supply breeding water to the cultivation table 21 of the plant cultivation unit 20 through the supply pipe 23 installed therein.

The plant cultivating unit 20 absorbs organic matter contained in the supplied breeding water as nutrients in the plant field to grow plants, and the breeding water is purified by the plants grown in the cultivation bed 21 to stabilize the quality of fish farming water. be able to do The breeding water purified in the plant cultivation unit 20 is drained to the discharge line 10b through the drain 221 of the water receiving plate 22, and the drain pump 12b provided on the lower side of the structural frame 30 or drain It is introduced into the water tank 11 to which the discharge line 10b is connected through the side filter water tank.

As such, according to the aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment, breeding water can be circulated and filtered back and forth between the water tank 11 and the cultivation table 21, and fish farming and plant cultivation can be performed at the same time. be able to

Here, in the aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment, the structural frame 30 is used as a support that forms the overall structure of the system, and the supply line 10a and the discharge line 10b are integrally built in, so that a separate Since it performs the function of piping for circulation of breeding water by itself without installing piping, it has the advantage of not requiring additional piping installation work because the piping connection work is performed only by connecting the support body.

In addition, in the aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment, since the connection structure of the structural frame 30 has a support body coupling and pipe connection structure through the joint part 33, connecting and separating operations between supports are simplified. This can be done, and the layout structure can be set in various ways.

In particular, according to the aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment, the moving plate 34 supporting the cultivation table 21 can be movably coupled and separated on the vertical support 31, and the height adjusting member ( Since the moving plate 34 can be simply installed on the vertical support 31 while adjusting the height through 35), the arrangement structure can be set in various ways.

That is, in the aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment, the operation of extending the length by connecting the plurality of supports 311, 321, and 323 with the joint part 33 is simple, and the cultivation table ( 21) can be installed in various locations, enabling a modular configuration of the plant growing unit 20 and the structural frame 30, so that the overall size or structure of the system can be easily adjusted as needed.

In addition, according to the aquaponics system 100 according to the present embodiment, the moving plate 34 can be used differently as a support plate of the cultivation table 21 or a foothold for workers by installing or separating the cultivation table 21 as necessary. Therefore, it is more effective in the construction of the modular structural frame 30.

The above description is merely an example of the technical idea of the present invention, and various modifications and variations can be made to those skilled in the art without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are for explanation, not for limiting the technical idea of the present invention, and the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments.

Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be construed by the claims below rather than being limited by the above-described embodiments, and all technical ideas within the equivalent range should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

100: aquaponics system
10: fish farming section 10a: supply line
10b: discharge line 20: plant growing section
30: structural frame 31: vertical support
32: horizontal support 33: joint

Claims (6)

A fish farm including a water tank to which a supply line and a discharge line are connected;
a plant cultivation section including a cultivation table disposed spaced apart from the water tank and connected to the water tank through the supply line and the discharge line; and
Installed to support the cultivation table in a plurality of stages, a vertical support connected to the discharge line, a horizontal support coupled crosswise to the vertical support and connected to the supply line, and the vertical support and the horizontal support in a straight line. Including; a structural frame including joints connecting crosswise;
The vertical support includes a plurality of first supports and a plurality of first inner tubes inserted into the first supports and having a flow path connected to the discharge line,
The horizontal support includes a plurality of second supports, a second inner tube formed with a flow path inserted into the second supports and connected to the supply line, and a plurality of connection supports crossing the second supports,
The joint part includes a pair of first insertion holes into which the first supports are inserted, a pair of second insertion holes through which the second supports are inserted, and a pair of third insertion holes through which the connection supports are inserted, A first connection passage connecting the pair of first insertion ports so that each passage of the first inner tube of the pair communicates with each passage of the second inner tube of a pair disposed independently of the first connection passage and adjacent to the first connection passage and a connecting member including a second connecting path connecting the pair of second insertion holes to be communicated with each other. delete delete According to claim 1,
The structural frame,
a moving plate coupled to the vertical support and detachably installed on the cultivation table; and
The aquaponics system further includes a height adjusting member movably fixing the moving plate to the vertical support. According to claim 4,
The vertical support portion is provided with a plurality of locking grooves formed spaced apart in the longitudinal direction,
The height adjustment member,
An aquaponics system comprising an adjusting protrusion coupled to or separated from the locking groove. According to claim 1,
The plant cultivation department,
The aquaponics system further comprises a water receiving plate having a drainage hole connected to the vertical support formed on one side thereof and coupled to a lower portion of the cultivation table.

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