KR102441871B1 - Smoke guide system in tunnel with longitudinal ventilation - Google Patents

Abstract

In accordance with the present disclosure, in a longitudinal ventilation type system for guiding smoke in a tunnel, a smoke detection unit (300) calculates and compares a machine learning technique and a brightness value by using image information acquired from a camera module of a CCTV (200), thereby accurately and quickly detecting the generation of smoke caused by an early fire. Moreover, as a smoke generation position determination unit (400) identifies a smoke generation position, a control unit (900) generates a water curtain in the smoke generation zone to prevent the spread of the smoke, while controlling a plurality of blowers (600) to lead a flow of the generated smoke toward a ceiling and the center in the tunnel with a jet fan (10) installed therein, thereby quickly exhausting the smoke caused by the early fire and preventing the spread thereof, which can lead to an effect of minimizing a loss of lives.

Description

Smoke guide system in tunnel with longitudinal ventilation

The present invention relates to a system for guiding smoke when smoke is generated due to a fire in a tunnel of a type ventilation system.

In general, as a ventilation method for road tunnels, a type type in which a jet fan hanging from the ceiling inside the tunnel forms an airflow in the direction of vehicle travel, especially in a one-way road tunnel, is the most widely used. A cross-flow ventilation method, vertical shaft ventilation method, and concentrated exhaust method, etc., are used to discharge to the outside but allow airflow to move from the road surface to the ceiling.

The jet fan type, which is the most widely used, has the disadvantage that the atmospheric environment near the exit deteriorates because all the pollutants generated by the vehicle in the tunnel are discharged to the exit, and the tunnel itself is used as a smoke exhaust passage in case of a fire.

On the other hand, in general, when a fire occurs in a tunnel, most of the casualties are caused by suffocation and reduced visibility due to toxic smoke. In other words, when a fire occurs in a tunnel, it takes a lot of time for the fire engine to enter the fire location, so it is difficult to initially extinguish the fire. It is difficult for evacuees to quickly escape from harmful gases, which can lead to many casualties.

Due to such problems, road tunnel disaster prevention facilities are being strengthened in Korea, such as making smoke control (exhaust gas) facilities compulsory for road tunnels over 500 m in length. A smoke control facility is a facility that provides a safe evacuation and evacuation environment that can minimize the impact on evacuees by controlling the direction of toxic gas or hot air generated in a fire or exhausting it from a certain area. Ventilation method using

The disaster prevention systems installed in the known tunnels are a general ventilation system (Smoke Ventilation System) and smoke ventilation equipment such as a duct and a vertical chimney (chimney) for general ventilation and smoke in case of fire. System) including a ventilation system, a tunnel air curtain for blocking the movement of smoke and toxic gas, a sprinkler and a water spraying facility for extinguishing a fire (Tunnel Sprinkler) are provided partially and in combination.

In reality, when a fire occurs in a special environment called a tunnel, the spread of heat, smoke, and toxic gas generated makes it very difficult to evacuate people and even access firefighters and rescuers for extinguishing the fire. It is very important to effectively control and discharge smoke because it causes human casualties and enormous economic loss. However, the prior art is still insufficient to prevent or effectively control the spread of smoke.

Registered Patent Publication No. 10-2128021 (Registered on June 23, 2020) Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1233425 (Registered on Feb. 7, 2013) Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1191592 (Registered on Oct. 9, 2012) Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1885910 (Registered on July 31, 2018)

The present invention has been devised in view of the above, and when smoke is generated due to a fire inside a tunnel of a type ventilation system, it is quickly detected at the beginning and the flow of smoke is quickly and effectively controlled to be discharged. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a smoke guide system in the tunnel.

To achieve the above object, a smoke guide system in a tunnel of a type ventilation type according to the present invention for achieving the above object relates to a system for guiding smoke according to a fire in a tunnel of a type ventilation type, and is A plurality of jet fans are installed at intervals and form an airflow from the entrance side to the exit side of the tunnel; CCTV installed in a plurality of tunnels and having a camera module inside the tunnel for acquiring image information inside the tunnel; a smoke detector for detecting whether smoke is generated inside the tunnel by using the image information obtained from the camera module; a smoke generation location determination unit for determining the location of smoke generated inside the tunnel by using location information of a CCTV that has sensed the smoke when it is determined that the smoke is detected by the smoke detection unit; a water curtain generating unit installed at regular intervals in the exhaust duct to generate a thin-film water curtain to block flames and smoke; a water supply unit supplying water to the water curtain generating unit; A plurality of blowers installed at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction and the height direction of the tunnel on the upper and side portions of the inner wall of the tunnel; The blower is installed to be supported, and the blower moving part is installed to move the blower up, down, left and right; and, when receiving the smoke detection and smoke generation location information from the smoke detection unit and the smoke generation position determination unit, control the water curtain generation unit and the water supply unit to generate water curtains at both ends of the smoke generation location. In addition, by controlling at least one blower and a blower moving part installed near the location where the smoke is generated, the smoke generated at the location where the smoke is generated is guided toward the upper part and the center of the ceiling of the tunnel, but flows in the forward direction of the airflow of the jet fan and a control unit for controlling the wind direction and wind speed of the wind generated by the blower to induce a.

In addition, according to the present invention, a plurality of wind direction and wind speed measuring units are installed at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to measure the wind direction and wind speed inside the tunnel; further comprising, wherein the control unit receives from the wind direction and wind speed measuring unit In consideration of the wind direction and wind speed information inside the tunnel, the wind direction and wind speed of the wind generated by the blower may be controlled by controlling the blower and the blower moving unit.

In addition, the smoke detection unit, an image input unit for receiving a plurality of images from the camera module of the CCTV; an image pre-processing unit for resizing and pre-processing an image size required to discriminate a vehicle and smoke in a tunnel from a plurality of captured images input to the image input unit; And, the image pre-processed by the image pre-processing unit is analyzed based on image artificial intelligence algorithm to recognize and extract smoke according to the fire in the tunnel, and calculate the brightness value of the recognized and extracted smoke It is finally determined that smoke is detected by comparing the brightness value with the reference brightness value in a state in which no smoke is generated. is transmitted to the control unit. In addition, the smoke generation location determining unit may determine the location of smoke in the tunnel by using the location information of the CCTV in which the smoke is detected from the control unit and location information of the smoke generation area on the camera module of the CCTV.

According to the present invention, by using the image information obtained by the smoke detection unit from the camera module of the CCTV to calculate and compare the machine learning technique and the brightness value, it is possible to quickly and accurately detect the smoke generation due to the initial fire.

In addition, it prevents the spread of smoke by generating a water curtain in the smoke generating area by identifying the location of the smoke, and at the same time, controls a plurality of blowers to guide the generated smoke to the ceiling and center of the tunnel where the jet pam is installed. By doing so, there is an advantage in that the smoke according to the initial fire is quickly exhausted and the spread is prevented, thereby minimizing the casualties.

1 is a block diagram of a smoke guide system in a tunnel of a type ventilation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tunnel showing a state in which a jet fan, which is a type-type ventilation facility, is disposed in the tunnel;
3 is a block diagram of the smoke detection unit of FIG. 1;
Figure 4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the tunnel showing a state in which the blower and the blower moving part of Figure 1 are arranged in the tunnel;
5 and 6 are diagrams for explaining an operation of guiding smoke when smoke is generated according to a fire.

The above objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Hereinafter, a smoke guide system in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The smoke guide system in the tunnel of the type ventilation type according to the embodiment of the present invention is preferably applied to a one-way road tunnel, and in particular, it is to quickly and effectively remove smoke in accordance with the occurrence of a fire.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a smoke guide system in a tunnel of a type ventilation type according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a jet fan 10 , a CCTV 200 , a smoke detection unit 300 , and a smoke generation location determination unit 400 . ), a water curtain generating unit 500 , a water supply unit 560 , a blower 600 , a blower moving unit 700 , and a control unit 900 .

Referring to FIG. 2 , a plurality of jet fans 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention are installed at regular intervals in the center of the ceiling in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the airflow from the entrance side of the tunnel T to the exit side of the tunnel T is provided. to form

The jet fan 10 may be increased or decreased according to the ventilation capacity or the length of the tunnel or the cross-sectional size of the tunnel, and may be usually installed every 100 to 200 m.

Referring back to FIG. 1 , the CCTV 200 is installed at a predetermined distance in the tunnel, and includes a camera module for acquiring image information inside the tunnel. The CCTV usually provides image information for not only the role of monitoring the situation or traffic information inside the tunnel, but also the smoke detection unit 300 and the smoke generation location determination unit 400, which will be described later, perform functions.

There are several types of CCTVs depending on the place or purpose of installation. Usually, in the case of an outdoor, especially a tunnel, a housing-integrated CCTV having a structure in which a camera module is installed inside a housing is usually applied as in the present invention. Meanwhile, although not shown, an infrared camera may be installed in the housing of the CCTV in addition to the camera module.

The smoke detection unit 300 detects whether smoke is generated inside the tunnel by using the image information obtained from the camera module of the CCTV 200, and transmits a detection or not signal to the control unit 900 and the smoke generation location determination unit will be sent to (400). Referring to FIG. 3 , the smoke detection unit 300 specifically includes an image input unit 310 , an image preprocessor 330 , and a smoke detection unit 350 .

The image input unit 310 receives a plurality of images from the camera module of the CCTV 200 . The plurality of images input to the image input unit 310 may refer to, for example, a plurality of consecutive images captured by the camera module for a predetermined period of time at predetermined predetermined time intervals.

The image pre-processing unit 330 may successively associate a plurality of captured images input to the image input unit 310 according to a time sequence, and resize and pre-process the image size required to determine smoke from the plurality of captured images. have.

The image data input through the image input unit 310 is stored in the not-shown database unit, and various types of image data acquired through a path other than the image input unit are stored. In particular, various vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.) image and contour data of, image and contour data of flame or flame according to fire, smoke image and contour data according to fire and outline data may be stored. The collected data is used as machine learning-based training data and test data. In addition, an operation program of the system may be stored in a database unit (not shown).

The smoke detector 350 detects smoke according to the fire from the image pre-processed for resizing by the image preprocessor 330 . The smoke detection unit 1350 uses various contour data stored in the unillustrated database unit as learning data to complete learning and analyzes it based on an image artificial intelligence algorithm to recognize and detect the vehicle and smoke. Here, the image artificial intelligence algorithm is, for example, a convolutional neural network (CNN, convolutional neural network), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a deep neural network, etc. A neural network model can be applied.

As such, the smoke detection unit 300 detects that smoke is generated according to an actual fire rather than due to a fake fire by an image artificial intelligence algorithm, thereby increasing accuracy.

In addition, the smoke detection unit 350 compares the 'calculated brightness value', which is recognized by the image artificial intelligence algorithm and calculated the brightness value of the extracted smoke, with the 'standard brightness value' in a state in which no smoke is generated, so that the smoke You can check again whether or not this has occurred. Here, the 'reference brightness value' is stored in a database unit (not shown). Such a 'reference brightness value' may be stored in the database by measuring the brightness in a state in which no smoke is generated in the tunnel when the system of the present invention is installed, or by periodically measuring the brightness in a state in which no smoke is generated.

The smoke detector 350 may generate a Bezier curve by sequentially arranging brightness values of pixels of smoke detected from the image data. The Bézier curve is generated by the Bézier algorithm, and the Bézier algorithm is to walk the n-1st-order curve from n points, and there are representative mid-point methods and B-spline methods.

Thereafter, when it is determined that smoke is detected, the smoke detector 350 also detects a smoke generating area. That is, the smoke detection unit 350 can know the position of the corresponding pixel of the camera module in which the smoke is generated, and transmits the smoke generation position information to the control unit 900 .

As such, the smoke detection unit 300 calculates and compares the machine learning technique and the brightness value using the image information obtained from the camera module of the CCTV, so that it is possible to quickly and accurately detect the smoke generation due to the initial fire.

Referring back to FIG. 1 , when it is determined that smoke is detected by the smoke detection unit 300 , the smoke generation location determining unit 400 specifies a location where smoke is first generated and a location where the first smoke flows. be able to do That is, when it is determined that smoke is detected by the smoke detection unit 300 as described above, a smoke detection signal and location information of a smoke generation area on the camera module are transmitted to the control unit 900, and the control unit 900 detects smoke. By receiving the detected location information of the CCTV 200 and also the location information of the smoke generating area on the camera module of the CCTV, the smoke generating location in the tunnel is determined. The control unit 900 may rotate the CCTV to accurately track the location of smoke generation.

The smoke generation location determining unit 400 may store location information of the CCTV 200, 3D map information in the tunnel, and the like. It can be expressed on a mapped three-dimensional map, and the three-dimensional map can have coordinates on the x, y, and z axes, so that it is possible to determine at which location smoke is generated.

The water curtain generating unit 500 is installed at regular intervals in the upper part of the tunnel to generate a thin water curtain to prevent smoke and toxic gas from expanding. The water curtain generating unit 500 supports a plurality of nozzles for spraying water by connecting a water supply unit 560 and a pipe to be described later, and supports the plurality of nozzles, and also generates a thin-film water curtain using water sprayed from the nozzles. It may include a nozzle support to make it happen. The structure of the nozzle support may be adopted in various known ways. For example, the nozzle support has a box body in which a plurality of nozzles are supported therein and the lower surface is open, and the nozzle is directed upward or forward. to eject water, and a blocking film formed in the height direction on the surface opposite to the nozzle may be installed. Accordingly, the water sprayed from the nozzle flows down to the lower part of the open nozzle support while colliding with the blocking film, thereby generating a thin water curtain.

According to this embodiment, it is preferable that the water curtain generating units 500 are disposed at intervals of 10 to 30 m. When the control unit 900 receives the smoke generation position information from the smoke generation position determining unit 400, the control unit 900 operates the water curtain generation unit 500 at the corresponding position so that water curtains are formed at both ends of the smoke generation position. .

The water supply unit 560 supplies water to the water curtain generating unit 500, for example, a water tank storing water, a pump supplying water from the water tank, and the water tank and water curtain generating unit. It may include a pipe connected to the nozzle of 500 and supplying water to the nozzle by driving the pump.

Referring to FIG. 4 , a plurality of blowers 600 are installed on the upper and side portions of the inner wall of the tunnel, and are installed at regular intervals in the longitudinal and height directions of the inner wall of the tunnel. Here, the interior of the tunnel has a hemispherical structure, and the upper part of the interior of the tunnel includes the ceiling (the highest point inside the tunnel) and means a place close to the ceiling, and the side of the tunnel is a certain distance from the ceiling and can be interpreted as meaning a place close to the ground. The blower 600 blows wind into the tunnel interior space according to the control of the control unit 700 to be described later, and the control unit 700 controls the wind speed by adjusting the motor rotation speed of the blower 600 . do.

In addition, the blower moving unit 700 is installed to support the blower 600 and is installed to be able to flow up, down, left and right, and eventually the blower 600 is also movable up, down, left and right by the blower moving unit 700 . will operate to do so. The blower moving unit 700 is operated to allow vertical and horizontal flow or 360-degree rotation with a variety of known structures, for example, a cam, keyer, crank structure, or a combination thereof, and can also be automatically and manually adjusted. can The blower moving unit 700 controls the movement of the blower 600 according to the control of the controller 900 , so that it is possible to eventually control the wind direction coming out of the blower 600 .

Referring back to FIG. 1 , the wind direction and wind speed measuring unit 800 is a device for evaluating and measuring air movement inside the tunnel, and may be a device capable of measuring not only the direction of the wind but also the strength of the wind. have. Accordingly, the wind direction and wind speed measurement unit 800 measures the strength and direction of the wind and transmits the measurement information to the control unit 900 , and the control unit 900 uses the measurement information to predict the direction of the fire and smoke and move the smoke. can help guide you effectively.

The control unit 900 performs an overall control operation of each component of the present system. That is, the control unit 900 normally controls the wind speed of the jet fan 10 so that ventilation in the tunnel is smooth.

On the other hand, when receiving the smoke detection and smoke generation location information from the smoke detection unit 300 and the smoke generation location determination unit 400, the control unit 900 controls the water curtain generation unit 500 close to the smoke location and By controlling the water supply unit 560, water curtains are generated at both ends of the area where the smoke is generated, so that the smoke and toxic gas are prevented from spreading to other areas.

Then, the control unit 900 controls the movement of at least one blower 600 and the blower moving unit 700 installed in the area where the smoke is generated, so that the smoke generated at the smoke generating position is directed toward the center of the tunnel ceiling. Controlled to induce flow, eventually causing the smoke to move towards the tunnel exit by the airflow of the jet fan (10). That is, in order to increase the smoke effect, the jet fan 10 is guided toward the top and center of the installed ceiling, and the flow is controlled to induce the flow in the forward direction of the jet fan.

Due to the characteristics of the ventilation facilities and the fire generated inside the tunnel, the smoke rises upward to some extent, but due to the nature of the sealed structure inside the tunnel, the smoke spreads not only upwards but also to the side, and serious human damage is caused by this smoke. will do

Therefore, according to the present invention, the control unit 900 controls the blower 600 and the blower moving unit 700, so that the smoke generated due to the fire can be more quickly induced to flow toward the ceiling. In the event of a fire, damage to human life can be minimized.

Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, the operation of the smoke guide system in the tunnel of the type ventilation system according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described, in particular, the operation of guiding the smoke generated by a fire toward the center of the ceiling. .

In normal times when a fire does not occur, the jet fan 10 ventilates the tunnel, and the wind volume or speed may change according to the traffic volume in the tunnel.

Next, an operation in case of fire will be described.

The smoke detection unit 300 detects smoke according to the fire in the tunnel by using the information received from the CCTV 200 . When it is finally determined that the smoke detection unit 300 detects smoke, the smoke detection unit 300 transmits a smoke detection signal and location information of a smoke generation area on the camera module of the CCTV to the control unit 900, and determines the smoke generation location The unit 400 receives the information from the control unit 900 and determines the location where the smoke is generated.

When the smoke detection and generation location information is received from the smoke detection unit 300 and the smoke generation location determination unit 400, the control unit 900 controls the water curtain generation unit 500 close to the smoke location as shown in FIG. 5 and By controlling the water supply unit 560, water curtains are generated at both ends of the area where the smoke is generated, so that the smoke and toxic gas are prevented from spreading to other areas.

On the other hand, the control unit 900 controls the movement of at least one blower 600 and the blower moving unit 700 installed in the corresponding area where the smoke is generated as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 to generate the smoke at the location where the smoke is generated. Controlled smoke is directed to flow towards the center of the tunnel ceiling. That is, the blower 600 is installed in the height direction of the tunnel wall, so that all the smoke in the lower part of the tunnel, the middle of the tunnel, and the upper part of the tunnel is removed from the upper part of the tunnel where the jet fan 10 is installed (based on the height direction) and the center of the tunnel ( width direction) to guide it quickly.

In this case, the control unit 900 may receive information on the strength and direction of the wind from the wind direction and wind speed measurement unit 800 and use the information to predict the direction of fire and smoke to effectively guide the movement of smoke. That is, when the control unit 900 guides the movement of the smoke. Using the wind direction and wind speed information in the tunnel, the wind speed and wind direction of the blower 600 are controlled so that the exhaust gas is accurately intensively induced toward the upper part and the center of the tunnel.

On the other hand, although smoke is generated at the location of the fire, the generated smoke may spread not only in the upper part but also in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. By controlling the blower corresponding to the smoke spread in the direction, it is possible to induce the smoke flow toward the tunnel ceiling and the center.

As described above, according to the present invention, by using the image information obtained by the smoke detector from the camera module of the CCTV to calculate and compare the machine learning technique and the brightness value, it is possible to quickly and accurately detect the smoke generation due to the initial fire. In addition, it prevents the spread of smoke by generating a water curtain in the smoke generating area by identifying the location of the smoke, and at the same time controls a plurality of blowers to guide the generated smoke toward the upper and middle of the tunnel, eventually resulting in smoke from the initial fire. It has the advantage of minimizing human casualties by quickly evacuating the gas and preventing its spread.

Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. That is, a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can make numerous changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims, and all such appropriate changes and modifications are possible. Equivalents are to be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.

10. Jetfan 200. CCTV
300. Smoke detection unit 400. Smoke generation location determination unit
500. Water curtain generator 560. Water supply
600. Blower 700. Blower moving part
800. Wind direction and wind speed measurement unit 900. Control unit

Claims (3)

It relates to a system for guiding smoke according to a fire in a tunnel of a type ventilation system,
a plurality of jet fans installed at regular intervals in the central part of the ceiling of the tunnel and forming an airflow from the entrance side to the exit side of the tunnel;
CCTV installed in a plurality of tunnels and having a camera module inside the tunnel for acquiring image information inside the tunnel;
a smoke detector for detecting whether smoke is generated inside the tunnel by using the image information obtained from the camera module;
a smoke generation location determination unit for determining the location of smoke generated inside the tunnel by using location information of a CCTV that has sensed the smoke when it is determined that the smoke is detected by the smoke detection unit;
a water curtain generating unit installed in a plurality of smoke ducts at regular intervals to generate a thin water curtain to block flames and smoke;
a water supply unit supplying water to the water curtain generating unit;
A plurality of blowers installed at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction and the height direction of the tunnel on the upper and side portions of the inner wall of the tunnel;
The blower is installed to be supported, and the blower moving part is installed to move the blower up, down, left and right; and,
When the smoke detection and smoke generation location information is received from the smoke detection unit and the smoke generation position determination unit, the water curtain generation unit and the water supply unit are controlled to generate water curtains at both ends of the smoke generation location, In addition, by controlling at least one blower and a blower moving unit installed near the location where the smoke is generated, the smoke generated at the location where the smoke is generated is guided toward the top and center of the ceiling of the tunnel, but the flow is in the forward direction of the jet fan. To do so, a control unit for controlling the wind direction and wind speed of the wind generated by the blower; a smoke guide system in a tunnel type ventilation system comprising a.
delete The method of claim 1,
The smoke detector,
an image input unit for receiving a plurality of images from the camera module of the CCTV;
an image pre-processing unit for resizing and pre-processing an image size required to discriminate a vehicle and smoke in a tunnel from a plurality of captured images input to the image input unit; and,
The calculated brightness value obtained by recognizing and extracting smoke according to the fire in the tunnel by analyzing the image preprocessed for resizing by the image preprocessor based on an image artificial intelligence algorithm, and calculating the brightness value of the recognized and extracted smoke It is finally determined that smoke is detected by comparing it with the reference brightness value in a state in which no smoke is generated, and when it is finally determined that smoke is detected, the smoke detection signal and the location information of the smoke generation area on the camera module of the CCTV are described above. sent to the control unit,
The smoke generation location determining unit determines the smoke generation location in the tunnel using the location information of the CCTV in which the smoke is detected from the control unit and the location information of the smoke generation area on the camera module of the CCTV. Smoke guidance system in the tunnel.

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