KR102431280B1 - Particulate Matter Reduction Device using a Microwave Steam Plasma Torch - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing an atmosphere pollution matter using microwave steam plasma capable of greatly amplifying a volume of plasma generation to remove and reduce the atmosphere pollution matter. Specifically, the apparatus for reducing an atmosphere pollution matter disclosed in the present invention comprises: a cyclone sucking the atmosphere pollution matter with a suction force and separating the atmosphere pollution matter into a particulate matter and a gas by means of a centrifugal force; a reaction tube receiving the gas separated from the cyclone, receiving fuel and air from the outside and undergoing a combustion reaction; and a microwave steam plasma torch installed at the center of a front end of the reaction tube and emitting a plasma jet in a horizontal direction to heat and decompose the gas within the reaction tube.

Description

Air pollutant reduction device using a Microwave Steam Plasma Torch

The present invention relates to an air pollutant reduction device for removing or reducing air pollutants emitted from an industrial site using a microwave steam plasma torch that stably produces plasma for a long time, and more particularly, by greatly amplifying the plasma generation volume It relates to an air pollutant reduction device using microwave steam plasma that can increase the efficiency of combustion and decomposition of air pollutants generated in an asphalt concrete plant into clean gas.

In general, asphalt concrete is a mixture that melts asphalt and mixes aggregates such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone. In the process of shipment to transport equipment such as dump trucks, gas and particulate matter that causes air pollution such as benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzo(a)pyrene, nitrogen oxide (NOx), and sulfur oxide (SOx) including dust substance arises.

In the process of heating with a gas burner, etc. to regenerate and recycle the waste asphalt that is generated during the demolition of aged or destroyed asphalt roads, the mixture of asphalt components melts and air pollutants such as benzene, formaldehyde, and toluene This happens.

In order to remove such air pollutants, Patent Document 1 discloses 'air pollutants and odor removal device using a dryer and ozone and activated carbon of an asphalt concrete plant'.

However, since this is a simple structure in which air pollutants are passed through the activated carbon tower and adsorbed and removed, the efficiency of removing complex harmful substances and odors is considerably lowered, and the activated carbon must be frequently replaced and regenerated, and the high-temperature removal process is difficult. Since it is additionally required, there is a problem in that high operating cost and maintenance cost occur.

In addition, there is a technical limit exceeding the permissible air pollutant emission standard under the Air Environment Conservation Act.

On the other hand, microwave steam plasma stably generates plasma using steam, and water molecules are ionized by a chemical reaction to provide active species such as H, OH, O, and a high-temperature heat source, so there is no by-product. It is applied to various industrial fields such as incinerators and waste gas pyrolysis and treatment.

However, if the combustion temperature or contact time of the odorous substances is insufficient, the decomposition efficiency of these microwave steam plasmas is lowered, and the result of partial oxidation such as various aldehydes, ketones, and other unsaturated acids occurs because it cannot be completely oxidized. Since it may fly more, the density of the plasma and the area in which the plasma is generated should be increased by allowing the microwave to be injected into the reactor as much as possible.

That is, the density of the steam plasma increases in proportion to the increase of the microwave power, the length of the plasma also increases in proportion to the increase in the power, the greater the plasma generation volume, the better the oxidation effect, and Since the surface temperature rapidly drops, gasification and combustion efficiency decrease, so a complex high-dimensional design such as the structural design of the plasma generator and an appropriate air flow rate is required.

The background or prior art described herein is information possessed by the inventor or acquired in the process of deriving the present invention, and is only intended to help understand the technical meaning of the present invention, and prior to the filing of the present invention, the technology to which this invention belongs It does not mean that the technology is widely known in the field.

US 10-1834139 B1 (2018.02.23) US 10-2249552 B1 (2021.05.01) US 10-2044446 B1 (2019.11.07) US 10-2059265 B1 (2019.12.18) US 10-1832666 B1 (2018.02.20)

Chang-Hyun Cho, A Study on the Decomposition of Nitrogen Trifluoride Using Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma, Chonbuk National University Graduate School of Industrial Technology: Thesis (Master), 2018. 2.

Accordingly, the present inventor comprehensively considers the above-mentioned issues and at the same time, from the idea of solving the technical limitations and problems of the existing air pollutant reduction device technology, using a microwave steam plasma torch that stably creates plasma for a long time in an industrial field Effectively removes or reduces gaseous air pollutants such as sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon monoxide emitted from The present invention was created as a result of continuous research by making every effort to develop a device for reducing air pollutants of a new structure that can increase efficiency.

Therefore, the technical problem and object to be solved by the present invention is to provide an apparatus for reducing air pollutants using microwave steam plasma that can greatly amplify the plasma generation volume.

Another technical problem and object to be solved by the present invention is to provide an apparatus for reducing air pollutants using microwave steam plasma to maximize the efficiency of combustion and decomposition of air pollutants into clean gas.

Here, the technical problems and objects to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the technical problems and objectives mentioned above, and other technical problems and objects not mentioned above are based on common knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs from the description below. Those who have it will be able to understand clearly.

Specific means according to an embodiment of the present invention for effectively achieving a specific technical purpose while embodying a new idea for solving the technical problem of the present invention as described above is, after sucking air pollutants with suction power A cyclone that separates particulate matter and gas by centrifugal force, a reaction tube that receives the gas separated from the cyclone, receives fuel and air from the outside, and a combustion reaction occurs, and a plasma jet and a microwave steam plasma torch that heats and decomposes the gas in the reaction tube by emitting it in a horizontal direction, the reaction tube comprising: The microwave steam plasma torch is installed in the center of the front end, the inlet chamber for supplying the gas separated from the cyclone to the plasma jet generation section of the microwave steam plasma torch, is installed following the end of the inlet chamber, the air pump An air chamber that temporarily stores the combustion air sent out from the air chamber and controls the pulsation at a constant pressure, a plasma jet installed in the center of the inlet chamber and emitted from the microwave steam plasma torch. An inner tube for primary combustion and decomposition, an exhaust chamber installed through the end of the inner tube and completely decomposed by second burning the gas from the inner tube, and a first fuel injection pump disposed at the front end of the inlet chamber A plurality of first fuel nozzles for injecting the fuel delivered from the inner tube into the inner tube, and radially arranged on the front end surface of the discharge chamber while obliquely inclined at a predetermined angle toward the center of the discharge chamber, the air in the air chamber It provides an apparatus for reducing air pollutants, characterized in that it further includes a plurality of venturi nozzles for sucking in and injecting a swirling flow into the discharge chamber.

Accordingly, the present invention can greatly amplify the plasma generation volume (density), thereby increasing the efficiency of combustion and decomposition of air pollutants generated in asphalt concrete plants, etc. into clean gas.

In addition, in a preferred aspect of the present invention, the reaction tube is radially arranged around the front end of the discharge chamber, and a plurality of secondary fuel nozzles for injecting the fuel delivered from the secondary fuel injection pump into the discharge chamber. By further including, it is possible to maximize the efficiency of combustion of air pollutants and decomposition into clean gas.

In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of slots are formed radially around the tip of the inner tube, so that air necessary for combustion is more smoothly introduced into the inner tube, so that air pollutants and plasma are in contact. efficiency can be increased.

In addition, in a preferred aspect of the present invention, the first fuel nozzle is inclined at a predetermined angle toward the slot of the inner tube, so that the plasma generation volume can be further amplified, and the second fuel nozzle can be further amplified. is disposed obliquely at a certain angle toward the center of the discharge chamber, thereby inducing a swirl to further increase the efficiency of combustion of air pollutants and decomposition into clean gas.

According to the technical idea and embodiment of the present invention, which is based on a unique solution to solve the above technical problem, plasma jet, gaseous gas and fuel for combustion are smoothly introduced into the primary reactor to increase the output. It is possible to increase the size and area of the plasma flame without increasing.

That is, it is possible to greatly amplify the flame-shaped plasma generation volume (density) to increase contact efficiency with air pollutants and to improve the decomposition reaction rate.

In addition, the residual air pollutants from the primary reactor are remixed with an appropriate amount of combustion air and fuel in the secondary reactor and are completely combusted, so the efficiency of combustion and decomposition of air pollutants generated in asphalt plants, etc. into clean gas It is possible to prevent the generation of secondary pollutants discharged into the atmosphere by maximizing the

Here, the effects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs from the description of the claims.

1 is a block diagram schematically showing an apparatus for reducing air pollutants according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an apparatus for reducing air pollutants according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section from A to A' in FIG. 2 .
4 is a side view schematically illustrating an apparatus for reducing air pollutants according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a local longitudinal cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an apparatus for reducing air pollutants according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Prior to this, the terms described below are defined in consideration of the functions in the present invention, which indicate that they should be interpreted as concepts consistent with the technical spirit of the present invention and meanings commonly or commonly recognized in the art.

In addition, when it is determined that a detailed description of a known function or configuration related to the present invention may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The accompanying drawings may be illustrated by exaggerating or simplifying a part for the explanation of the configuration and operation of the technology and for convenience and clarity of understanding, and it is important that each component in the drawing exactly matches the actual size and shape. reveal that it is not

In addition, in this specification, the term and/or is meant to include a combination of a plurality of related described items or any of a plurality of related described items, and when a part includes a certain component, it is a description that is specifically opposite It means that other components may be further included, rather than excluding other components unless there is.

That is, terms such as 'include' or 'have', 'have' as used in the present specification mean that a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof exists. However, it is to be understood that this does not exclude the possibility of addition or existence of one or more other features or numbers, step operation components, parts, or combinations thereof.

And terms such as upper, lower, upper, lower, upper, lower, upper, lower, front and rear, left and right are used for convenience to distinguish relative positions of each component. For example, the upper side in the drawing may be named or referred to as the upper side and the lower side as the lower side, the longitudinal direction may be named or referred to as the front-back direction, and the width direction may be named or referred to as the left/right direction.

Also, terms such as first, second, etc. may be used to describe various components. That is, terms such as first, second, etc. may be used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, a first component may be referred to as a second component without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the second component may also be referred to as a first component.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the main elements constituting the apparatus for reducing air pollutants according to an embodiment of the present invention include a cyclone 10 , a reaction tube 20 and a microwave steam plasma torch 30 .

The cyclone 10 is a device that sucks air pollutants generated from an asphalt concrete plant, etc. by suction power, and then separates the particulate matter and gas by centrifugal force and supplies it to the reaction tube 20 .

Here, the cyclone 10 generates an air flow that is sucked into the turbo fan and forcibly sucks and collects air pollutants discharged from the industrial site through at least one duct and a bell mouth together with air, and collects them by centrifugal force. A structure that separates and collects particulate matter and gas by action can be adopted.

In addition, the turbo fan uses the centrifugal force of the gas generated by the high-speed rotational motion of an impeller or rotor so that air pollutants can be smoothly sucked in and outside air is sucked at a constant flow rate, flow rate and pressure. An industrial high-pressure blower for pressure feeding can be employed.

The reaction tube 20 is a device that receives gaseous air pollutants such as sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon monoxide separated from the cyclone 10 , receives fuel and air from the outside, and causes a combustion reaction.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 , the reaction tube 20 includes an inlet chamber 21 , an air chamber 22 , an inner tube 23 , an exhaust chamber 24 , and a plurality of first fuel nozzles 25 . ), a plurality of venturi nozzles 26 , and a plurality of secondary fuel nozzles 27 .

The inlet chamber 21 is formed in a cylindrical shape with a circular cross section in order to supply the gas separated from the cyclone 10 to the plasma jet generating section of the microwave steam plasma torch 30, and the outer peripheral surface A gas inlet 21a connected to the cyclone 10 by a pipe flange joint method is formed.

And a microwave steam plasma torch 30 is installed at the center of the front end of the inlet chamber 21 .

The air chamber 22 temporarily stores clean combustion air that is pressurized by the air pump 40 and heats it using the heat of the inner tube 23 , and a cylinder having a circular cross section to control pulsation at a constant pressure. It is formed in a shape, and the air inlet (22a) connected to the air pump 40 and the pipe flange joint method is formed on the outer circumferential surface.

That is, the air chamber 22 preheats the air required for secondary combustion using the heat of the inner tube 23 and pressurizes it through the venturi nozzle 26 to supply the exhaust chamber 24 with the front end of the inflow. It is provided next to the end of the chamber 21, and the end part of the inner tube 23 is arrange|positioned at the center.

The inner tube 23 is formed in a cylindrical shape with a circular cross section to first burn and decompose the gas supplied through the inlet chamber 21 as a plasma jet emitted from the microwave steam plasma torch 30, It is provided in the center in the inflow chamber 21 .

That is, the front end of the inner tube 23 is spaced apart from the front end surface of the inflow chamber 21 to maintain a predetermined distance, and its outer diameter is formed smaller than the inner diameter of the inflow chamber 21 and the air chamber 22 . .

And in order to protect the inner wall of the inner tube 23, a ceramic refractory material capable of withstanding a temperature of 6,000° C. or higher is attached to the inner circumferential surface thereof.

Here, as shown in FIG. 5 , around the tip of the inner tube 23 , a slot 28 for guiding the air required for combustion and the gas supplied from the cyclone 10 to smoothly enter the inner tube 23 . ) may be formed radially.

The discharge chamber 24 is formed in a cylindrical shape with a circular cross section in order to completely decompose the gaseous body from the inner tube 23 by secondary combustion, and a flame so that the combustion action occurs following the end of the inner tube 23 . and exhaust gas is installed.

That is, the inner diameter of the discharge chamber 24 is formed larger than the inner diameter of the inner tube (23).

And in order to protect the inner wall of the discharge chamber 24, a ceramic refractory material capable of withstanding a temperature of 3,000° C. or higher is attached to the inner circumferential surface thereof.

The first fuel nozzle 25 includes a first fuel injection pump 50 and They are connected by a pipe flange joint.

In addition, the first fuel nozzle 25 is disposed at the tip of the inlet chamber 21 while being obliquely inclined at a predetermined angle toward the slot 28 of the inner tube 23 .

The venturi nozzle 26 sucks the air in the air chamber 22 and is inclined at an angle toward the center of the discharge chamber 24 to inject a swirling flow into the discharge chamber 24 at an angle to the discharge chamber 24 . They are arranged radially on the tip surface of the

That is, the venturi nozzle 26 accelerates and sucks the air heated in the air chamber 22 with a negative pressure, and has an enlarged pipe that reduces the pressure loss of the air into the discharge chamber 24 and flows out.

A plurality of secondary fuel nozzles 27 are radially arranged around the tip of the discharge chamber 24 to inject fuel, such as LPG, discharged from the second fuel injection pump 60 into the discharge chamber 24 .

In addition, the secondary fuel nozzle 27 is disposed obliquely at a predetermined angle toward the center of the discharge chamber 24 to induce a swirl.

That is, the second fuel nozzle 27 is a ring-shaped conduit so that the fuel delivered from the second fuel injection pump 60 is dispersed and injected into the discharge chamber 24 to generate a swirl. The fuel inlet 27a connected to the second fuel injection pump 60 and the pipe flange joint in a pipe flange joint manner is formed on the circumferential surface of the pipe line.

Here, the second fuel nozzles 27 are disposed to be alternately disposed between the venturi nozzles 26 , thereby maximizing combustion efficiency in the discharge chamber 24 .

The microwave steam plasma torch 30 is a device for heating and decomposing the gas in the reaction tube 20 by emitting a plasma jet in the horizontal direction.

This microwave steam plasma torch 30 is installed in the center of the front end of the reaction tube (20).

Here, the microwave steam plasma torch 30 uses electromagnetic waves as a catalyst to convert water vapor into a high-temperature flame, and it is connected to a 75 kW power supply (power) so that the core temperature at atmospheric pressure is about 6000 ° C or higher. It may have a structure in which air pollutants are gasified and burned, and water (steam) is used as a plasma oxidizer.

In other words, the plasma made of steam transfers energy to the atmosphere via microwaves, so there is no need for electrodes and gas containing oxidizers can be used. is ionized and decomposed into various radicals such as H, OH, O, etc. to increase the rate of chemical reaction with harmful gases to eliminate the need for a catalyst structure can be employed.

For example, the microwave steam plasma torch 30 is a magnetron for generating 2.45 GHz or 915 MHz microwaves, a waveguide for transporting the microwaves, and for preventing damage to the magnetron by reflected microwaves. Isolator, a two-way power monitor that can measure the applied and returned power of microwaves by receiving a signal from the input, 3-stub tuner and discharge tube for impedance matching to maximize microwave energy transfer, discharge tube holder and control unit It is composed of a steam generator that raises the temperature of the heater to about 800°C through the reactor and supplies steam over 150°C in a fixed quantity to the plasma center of the reactor. By injecting 150lpm of air as a plasma forming gas, it can show a stable flame column shape at 20kW of electromagnetic power.

On the other hand, the overall operation and operation of the cyclone 10, the reaction tube 20, and the microwave steam plasma torch 30 can be controlled through the control unit.

That is, it can be operated organically and sequentially by a pre-input microprocessor or a programmable logic controller (PLC) type setting program (control program recorded in a logic computer) of the control unit.

The main action and operating principle of the air pollutant reduction device according to the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be described as follows.

First, a large amount of oxidizing radicals such as O, OH, HO ₂ and ozone are generated in the gas introduced into the inner tube 23 through the inlet chamber 21 by the plasma discharge of the microwave steam plasma torch 30 . .

Air pollutants are converted into non-hazardous substances and removed by the chain collision action of these oxidative radicals, ozone, and activated electrons.

That is, the gas such as harmful gas that is injected into the center of the inlet chamber 21 through the gas inlet 21a from the cyclone 10 and is introduced into the inside through the tip of the inner tube 23 is microwave steam. It is first combusted and decomposed by the plasma jet emitted from the plasma torch 30 into the inner tube 23 , and then is exhausted to the discharge chamber 24 .

At this time, the fuel, such as LPG, discharged from the first fuel injection pump 50 is injected into the tip of the inner tube 23 through the first fuel nozzle 25 or a gaseous gas such as harmful gas in the inlet chamber 21 . It may be injected into the inner tube 23 while being mixed with .

If a plurality of slots 28 are radially formed around the tip of the inner tube 23 as shown in FIG. 5 , the cyclone 10 enters the inlet chamber 21 through the gas inlet 21a. The injected gas flows in the inlet chamber 21 and can smoothly enter while generating a swirling flow through the slot 28, so that the plasma jet emitted from the microwave steam plasma torch 30 into the inner tube 23 By maximizing the reaction time by

Subsequently, the gas exhausted from the inner tube 23 to the discharge chamber 24 includes preheated air blown from the venturi nozzle 26 into the discharge chamber 24 to generate a swirling flow, and the secondary fuel nozzle 27 ) in the exhaust chamber 24 to generate a swirl into the exhaust chamber 24, and is secondarily burned and decomposed and then exhausted according to the re-ignition phenomenon by the mixed air flow of the fuel and the combustion action of the already burning flame.

Here, the exhaust heat from the discharge chamber 24 can be used as a heat source for drying aggregates by supplying it to the drying chamber as hot air.

As such, the air pollutant reduction device according to an embodiment of the present invention burns and decomposes air pollutants in the inner tube 23, which is a primary reaction furnace, and then burns air for combustion in the discharge chamber 24, which is a secondary reaction furnace. Since it is completely combusted by re-mixing with the fuel, it is possible to prevent the generation of secondary pollutants discharged into the atmosphere by maximizing the combustion efficiency of air pollutants and decomposition into clean gas.

On the other hand, the present invention is not limited by the above-described embodiment and the accompanying drawings, and can be variously modified and applied in various ways not illustrated within the scope without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, as well as each It is apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains that it can be widely applied by changing the component substitution and other equivalent embodiments.

Therefore, the contents related to the modification and application of the technical features of the present invention should be interpreted as being included within the technical spirit and scope of the present invention.

10: cyclone 20: reaction tube
21: inlet chamber 22: air chamber
23: inner tube 24: discharge chamber
25: primary fuel nozzle 26: venturi nozzle
27: secondary fuel nozzle 28: slot
30: microwave steam plasma torch
40: air pump 50: first fuel injection pump
60: second fuel injection pump

Claims (4)

a cyclone 10 that sucks air pollutants by suction and then separates particulate matter and gas by centrifugal force;
a reaction tube 20 receiving the gas separated from the cyclone 10, receiving fuel and air from the outside, and performing a combustion reaction; and
a microwave steam plasma torch 30 installed in the center of the front end of the reaction tube 20, and emitting a plasma jet in the horizontal direction to heat and decompose the gas in the reaction tube 20;
includes,
The reaction tube 20,
The microwave steam plasma torch 30 is installed in the center of the front end, the inlet chamber 21 for supplying the gas separated from the cyclone 10 to the plasma jet generation section of the microwave steam plasma torch 30;
an air chamber 22 installed following the end of the inlet chamber 21 and temporarily storing the combustion air sent from the air pump 40 and regulating the pulsation at a constant pressure;
The inner tube 23 is installed in the center of the inlet chamber 21 and primarily combusts and decomposes the gas supplied through the inlet chamber 21 with a plasma jet emitted from the microwave steam plasma torch 30 . ;
a discharging chamber 24 installed through the end of the inner tube 23 and completely decomposing the gas gas emitted from the inner tube 23 by secondary combustion;
a plurality of first fuel nozzles (25) disposed at the front end of the inlet chamber (21) and injecting the fuel delivered from the first fuel injection pump (50) into the inner tube (23); and
It is arranged radially on the front end surface of the discharge chamber 24 while obliquely inclined at a certain angle toward the center of the discharge chamber 24 , and sucks air in the air chamber 22 into the discharge chamber 24 . a plurality of venturi nozzles 26 for jetting a swirling flow;
Further comprising, an air pollutant reduction device.
According to claim 1,
A plurality of second fuel nozzles ( 27);
Further comprising a, air pollutant reduction device.
3. The method of claim 2,
A plurality of slots 28 for guiding the air required for combustion and the gas supplied from the cyclone 10 to smoothly enter the inner tube 23 radially around the tip of the inner tube 23 . Formed, air pollutant reduction device.
4. The method of claim 3,
The first fuel nozzle 25 is inclined at a predetermined angle toward the slot 28 of the inner tube 23 , and the second fuel nozzle 27 is disposed toward the center of the discharge chamber 24 . Air pollutant reduction device that is inclined at a certain angle.

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