KR102417961B1 - Safety monitoring system using sensor unit of railway distribution line - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a safety monitoring system using a sensor unit of a railway distribution line. The safety monitoring system comprises: a plurality of sensor units installed along a railway distribution line at a predetermined interval and generating monitoring information on a condition of the railway distribution line; a relaying unit including a wireless antenna and relaying data communication between the plurality of sensor units; a gateway unit collecting the monitoring information from the plurality of sensor units through relaying of the relaying unit; and a safety monitoring unit including an interface module receiving the monitoring information from the gateway unit to provide visualization information and an abnormality diagnosis module detecting an abnormality of the monitoring information to provide notification information.

Description

Safety monitoring system using sensor unit of railway distribution line

The present invention relates to safety monitoring technology, and more particularly, a sensor of a railway distribution line capable of effectively monitoring various conditions on a railway distribution line by collecting and analyzing monitoring information measured from a plurality of sensor units through a relay unit. It relates to a safety monitoring system using a unit.

For railway distribution, underground power cables are installed on all lines of high-speed and general lines, but despite the aging of the lines, the improvement rate is relatively low.

Specifically, in the case of electrical equipment with a budget of 470 billion won in the railway sector as of 2017, the improvement performance does not keep up with the aging rate, and the railway facility improvement rate is also very low at 23.3%. In addition, it is shown that failures and accidents in underground distribution lines that occur due to aging, etc. account for more than 80% of all power facility failures and accidents.

Although preventive maintenance is very important to ensure the safety of railway facilities, it is recognized that it is almost impossible to detect irregularly occurring signs early with only limited information about failures in a situation that requires a lot of manpower and time.

Currently, a wired or wireless monitoring system exists as a system capable of monitoring this, and the wired monitoring system combines a sensor with an object, supplies power in a wired manner, collects data using a wired communication method, and calculates a monitoring result.

In particular, wired monitoring for underground power cables has practical difficulties in terms of economic feasibility in that it requires the installation of low-voltage power lines and communication lines for all sections, and accordingly, the advancement of the wireless monitoring system is required.

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1456819 (2014.10.24)

An embodiment of the present invention provides a safety monitoring system using a sensor unit of a railroad distribution line capable of effectively monitoring various conditions on a railroad distribution line by collecting and analyzing monitoring information measured from a plurality of sensor units through a relay unit. would like to provide

Among the embodiments, a safety monitoring system using a sensor unit of a railroad distribution line includes: a plurality of sensor units installed at predetermined intervals along a railroad distribution line and generating monitoring information regarding the state of the railroad distribution line; a relay unit including a wireless antenna and relaying data communication between the plurality of sensor units; a gateway unit that collects the monitoring information from the plurality of sensor units through the relay of the relay unit; and a safety monitoring unit including an interface module that receives the monitoring information from the gateway unit to provide visualization information, and an abnormality diagnosis module that detects abnormalities in the monitoring information and provides notification information.

Here, the relay unit may include: a receiving module configured to receive the monitoring information from the plurality of sensor units through the wireless antenna; a transmission module for transmitting the monitoring information to the gateway unit through the wireless antenna; an energy harvesting module that generates and stores power when the operation mode is deactivated and supplies the power to the reception module and the transmission module when the operation mode is activated; and a control module that controls to activate an operation mode of the energy harvesting module when an activation event is detected.

The energy harvesting module may include a rectifier for rectifying an RF (Radio Frequency) signal received through the wireless antenna; a voltage regulator receiving the RF signal rectified from the rectifier and outputting a preset voltage; a rechargeable battery for storing the output voltage of the voltage regulator as power; and a switch selectively providing a connection between the rechargeable battery and external modules.

A first step of the relay unit measuring the strength of the RF signal received through the wireless antenna; a second step of accumulating and storing data packets transmitted through the RF signal when the strength of the RF signal exceeds a first threshold; a third step of activating an operation of the energy harvesting module when the strength of the RF signal exceeds a second threshold; and a fourth step of inactivating the operation of the energy harvesting module by monitoring the capacity of the rechargeable battery of the energy harvesting module may be performed.

receiving, by the relay unit, a relay request signal from the plurality of sensor units; extracting a destination address from the relay request signal; predicting a data transmission amount for each destination address; determining a final destination address based on the data transmission amount; calculating the amount of charge required for transmission according to the communication distance to the final destination address; and initiating a relay for the data communication when the capacity of the rechargeable battery exceeds the transmission required charge amount.

The disclosed technology may have the following effects. However, this does not mean that a specific embodiment should include all of the following effects or only the following effects, so the scope of the disclosed technology should not be understood as being limited thereby.

A safety monitoring system using a sensor unit of a railway distribution line according to an embodiment of the present invention collects and analyzes monitoring information measured from a plurality of sensor units through a relay unit to effectively monitor various conditions on a railway distribution line. have.

1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a safety monitoring system according to the present invention.
2 is a view for explaining the configuration of a relay unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view for explaining a functional configuration of the safety monitoring unit of FIG. 1 .
4 is a flowchart illustrating a safety monitoring method using a sensor unit of a railway distribution line according to the present invention.

Since the description of the present invention is merely an embodiment for structural or functional description, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the embodiment described in the text. That is, since the embodiment may have various changes and may have various forms, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention includes equivalents capable of realizing the technical idea. In addition, since the object or effect presented in the present invention does not mean that a specific embodiment should include all of them or only such effects, it should not be understood that the scope of the present invention is limited thereby.

On the other hand, the meaning of the terms described in the present application should be understood as follows.

Terms such as “first” and “second” are for distinguishing one component from another, and the scope of rights should not be limited by these terms. For example, a first component may be termed a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be termed a first component.

When a component is referred to as being “connected to” another component, it may be directly connected to the other component, but it should be understood that other components may exist in between. On the other hand, when it is mentioned that a certain element is "directly connected" to another element, it should be understood that the other element does not exist in the middle. Meanwhile, other expressions describing the relationship between elements, that is, "between" and "between" or "neighboring to" and "directly adjacent to", etc., should be interpreted similarly.

The singular expression is to be understood as including the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and terms such as "comprises" or "have" refer to the embodied feature, number, step, action, component, part or these It is intended to indicate that a combination exists, and it should be understood that it does not preclude the possibility of the existence or addition of one or more other features or numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

In each step, identification numbers (eg, a, b, c, etc.) are used for convenience of description, and identification numbers do not describe the order of each step, and each step clearly indicates a specific order in context. Unless otherwise specified, it may occur in a different order from the specified order. That is, each step may occur in the same order as specified, may be performed substantially simultaneously, or may be performed in the reverse order.

The present invention can be embodied as computer-readable codes on a computer-readable recording medium, and the computer-readable recording medium includes all types of recording devices in which data readable by a computer system is stored. . Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, and the like. In addition, the computer-readable recording medium is distributed in a computer system connected to a network, so that the computer-readable code can be stored and executed in a distributed manner.

All terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, unless otherwise defined. Terms defined in the dictionary should be interpreted as being consistent with the meaning of the context of the related art, and cannot be interpreted as having an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present application.

1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a safety monitoring system according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the safety monitoring system 100 includes a plurality of sensor units 110 installed along a railway distribution line, a relay unit 120 that relays communication between the sensor units 110 , and a relay unit 120 . ) may include a gateway unit 130 for collecting and integrating data from and a safety monitoring unit 140 for monitoring safety on a railway distribution line.

The sensor unit 110 may correspond to a data collection device that is directly attached to a railroad distribution line or is installed and operated near a railroad distribution line. That is, the sensor unit 110 may be implemented by including various sensors according to an installation location, a measurement target, and a purpose. For example, the sensor unit 110 may include a vibration sensor, a temperature sensor, a current sensor, an optical sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a PD (Partial Discharge) sensor for measuring the state of the line when directly attached to the line. When the sensor unit 110 is installed on the ground, it may further include a noise sensor, a humidity sensor, and the like. On the other hand, of course, the sensor unit 110 may be installed underground or in the sky.

In addition, the sensor unit 110 may be connected to other sensor units 110 as well as the relay unit 120 or the gateway unit 130 through a network, and may be implemented by including a communication module for this. The sensor unit 110 may be implemented to include a memory for storing sensor data collected from various sensors and an energy harvesting module for operation without power.

The relay unit 120 may perform an operation of transmitting data received from the sensor unit 110 to another relay unit 120 or the gateway unit 130 . To this end, it may be implemented including a wireless communication module, and may be implemented including modules for data reception and transmission. The relay unit 120 may be installed on the ground or on the ground raised by a predetermined height from the ground, and may be installed at an interval wider than the arrangement interval of the sensor unit 110 . For example, when the sensor units 110 are arranged at intervals of 500-1,000 m, the relay units 120 may be installed at intervals of 1,000 m or more.

The gateway unit 130 may correspond to a device that receives and integrates data from the sensor unit 110 or the relay unit 120, and performs pre-processing and analysis operations on the sensing information through its own analysis module as needed. can The gateway unit 130 may be implemented by redundantly including independently implemented modules through a redundant design. That is, the gateway unit 130 may operate by using one module in a normal situation, and may operate using two modules simultaneously in an emergency situation, or may operate by replacing it with another module in case of a failure. The gateway unit 130 may operate in conjunction with the safety monitoring unit 140 when its own capability for analysis is limited.

Meanwhile, the sensor unit 110 , the relay unit 120 , and the gateway unit 130 may operate in connection with various wireless communication networks for data transmission. For example, the wireless communication network may include LTE-R, CDMA, Lora, WiFi-Halow, WiBro, and the like.

The safety monitoring unit 140 may analyze the data collected from the gateway unit 130 to monitor the state of the railway distribution line, and may generate and provide notification information capable of notifying when an abnormality is detected. The safety monitoring unit 140 may be implemented as an independent system, and may be connected to the gateway unit 130 to operate.

2 is a view for explaining the configuration of a relay unit according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the relay unit 120 may include a receiving module 121 , a control module 122 , a transmission module 123 , a battery module 124 , and an energy harvesting module 125 .

The reception module 121 may receive monitoring information from the plurality of sensor units 110 through a wireless antenna. The relay unit 120 relays data between the sensor units 110 in the process of transmitting the data received from the sensor unit 110 to the destination in order to compensate for the limitation in the communication distance between the sensor units 110 . can

When an activation event is detected, the control module 122 may control to activate an operation mode of the energy harvesting module 125 . The activation event may be automatically generated when an activation condition for starting the operation of the energy harvesting module 125 is satisfied, and the control module 122 may perform a detection operation related to the activation event in the background to monitor it at all times. The control module 122 may generate an activation signal and transmit it to the energy harvesting module 125 to change the operation module of the energy harvesting module 125 , and an operation mode according to the activation signal of the energy harvesting module 125 . can be changed When the operation mode of the energy harvesting module 125 is changed, power for non-powered operation may be generated in various ways.

The transmission module 123 may transmit monitoring information to the gateway unit 130 through a wireless antenna. The relay unit 120 may perform an operation of relaying the monitoring information received through the reception module 121 to the gateway unit 130 , and if necessary, the specific gateway unit 130 via another relay unit 120 . ) can be provided. For example, the transmission module 123 may transmit data along a relay path passing through another relay unit 120 based on the destination address.

In this case, the relay path may correspond to a communication path formed to pass through one or more other relay units 120 in the process of data transmission to the gateway unit 130 . The relay path may be defined as a sequential connection between the relay units 120 , and may be defined to include multiple paths simultaneously proceeding in different directions if necessary. That is, the relay unit 120 may include one or more different communication paths in order to prevent data loss and transmission delay in the process of dynamically defining the relay path through the control module 122 .

In an embodiment, the control module 122 may dynamically define a relay path including multiple paths via one or more relay units 120 and at least one sensor unit 110 . For example, the control module 122 may determine whether to participate in the one or more relay units 120 according to a destination address for data relay. The control module 122 may determine the sensor unit 110 that is closest to each relay unit 120 in the process of defining a relay path in which one or more relay units 120 participate, and the corresponding sensor unit ( 110) can update the relay path to participate. The control module 122 may generate information about a plurality of transmission paths proceedable through the relay path and transmit it to the transmission module 123 , and the transmission module 123 transmits data for data relay using the corresponding information. can be performed.

The energy harvesting module 125 may supply power to the reception module 121 or the transmission module 123 according to an operation mode. In this case, power may be stored and stored in the battery module 124 , and the energy harvesting module 125 may selectively perform operations related to charging and discharging of the battery module 124 according to an operation mode.

In one embodiment, the energy harvesting module 125 may be implemented including a rectifier, a voltage regulator, a rechargeable battery and a switch. A rectifier may rectify a radio frequency (RF) signal received through a wireless antenna. The rectifier may correspond to a device that converts alternating current into direct current, and rectifies the RF signal received in the wireless communication process with the sensor unit 110 to provide current used in the power production process. have.

In addition, the voltage regulator may receive the RF signal rectified from the rectifier and output a preset voltage. The voltage regulator may output the current received from the rectifier as a constant voltage to stably proceed in the power generation process. The rechargeable battery can store the output voltage of the voltage regulator as power. Meanwhile, the rechargeable battery may be implemented by being included in the battery module 124 of the relay unit 120 . A switch may be disposed between the rechargeable battery and the external module to selectively control power supply from the rechargeable battery.

In an embodiment, the relay unit 120 may sequentially perform a plurality of steps for controlling the operation of the energy harvesting module 125 . That is, in the first step of measuring the strength of the RF signal received through the wireless antenna, the relay unit 120 accumulates and stores data packets transmitted through the RF signal when the strength of the RF signal exceeds the first threshold value. In the second step, the third step of activating the operation of the energy harvesting module when the strength of the RF signal exceeds the second threshold, and the energy harvesting module is operated by monitoring the capacity of the rechargeable battery of the energy harvesting module A fourth step of deactivating may be performed.

More specifically, the relay unit 120 may measure the strength of the RF signal received through the wireless antenna. The relay unit 120 may receive wireless signals transmitted from various sensor units 110 , and the strength of the received wireless signal may be different according to a distance from the sensor units 110 .

Also, when the intensity of the RF signal exceeds the first threshold, the relay unit 120 may accumulate and store data packets transmitted through the RF signal. The relay unit 120 may provide a data relay operation only when the strength of the wireless signal received from the sensor unit 110 is equal to or greater than a predetermined level, and may receive a data packet included in the wireless signal and store it in an internal memory.

Also, the relay unit 120 may activate the operation of the energy harvesting module 125 when the strength of the RF signal exceeds the second threshold. The relay unit 120 may activate the operation of the energy harvesting module 125 by generating and transmitting an activation command of the operation mode to the energy harvesting module 125 . The relay unit 120 may select a case where the strength of a wireless signal transmitted from the outside is sufficiently large and start an operation for power generation.

Also, the relay unit 120 may monitor the capacity of the rechargeable battery of the energy harvesting module 125 to deactivate the operation of the energy harvesting module 125 . The relay unit 120 may generate a deactivation command of the energy operation mode and transmit it to the energy harvesting module 150 when sufficient power is charged to perform the no-power relay operation.

In one embodiment, the relay unit 120 measures the strength of the RF signal received through the wireless antenna, and when the strength of the RF signal is less than the first threshold, a feature map ( feature map), and transmit the feature map to a preset gateway unit 130 through relaying with other relay units 120 . Here, the feature map may include graph information regarding the arrangement state and operation state of the sensor units 110 existing within the communication range of each relay unit 120 . More specifically, the feature map may be generated based on a graph represented by a node corresponding to each of the sensor units 110 and an edge for a connection relationship. Each edge may have a predetermined color value, and may vary according to a distance between the sensor units 110 . In the node, identification information of the corresponding sensor unit 110 , an arrangement position, and a feature related to an operation state may be stored.

Here, the identification information may correspond to a predetermined identification code for identifying each sensor unit 110, and may be expressed as a binary code having a predetermined size. The placement location may correspond to GPS coordinate information, and the operating state may be expressed as a state variable regarding normal operation, error operation, and failure. The relay unit 120 detects an operation state through wireless communication with each sensor unit 110 based on identification information and arrangement information of the sensor units 110 stored in advance, and generates a feature based on this. Next, it may be stored in a node corresponding to the corresponding sensor unit 110 . The relay unit 120 may update the graph related to the sensor unit 110 and then generate a feature matrix related to the graph information as a feature map. In this case, the size of the row of the feature matrix may correspond to the number of nodes included in the graph, and the size of the column may correspond to the number of dimensions of features stored in the node.

In addition, the feature maps transmitted to the gateway unit 130 preset by the relay unit 120 are then learned by the learning module 142 of the safety monitoring unit 140 to be used in the process of building a learning model for diagnosing abnormalities. can In this case, the learning model may be built by learning the feature map for each relay unit 120 , and as a result of learning the characteristics of the normal operating range of the sensor units 110 connected to the relay unit 120 , a specific relay By analyzing the feature map generated by the unit 120 , it is possible to effectively detect an abnormal operation state of the sensor unit 110 existing within a communication range of the corresponding relay unit 120 .

In an embodiment, the relay unit 120 may sequentially perform a plurality of steps for performing the relay operation in conjunction with the operation of the energy harvesting module 125 . That is, the relay unit 120 receives a relay request signal from the plurality of sensor units 110 , extracts a destination address from the relay request signal, predicts a data transmission amount for each destination address, and data The steps of determining the final destination address based on the amount of transmission, calculating the amount of charge required for transmission according to the communication distance to the final destination address, and relaying for data communication when the capacity of the rechargeable battery exceeds the amount of charge required for transmission Initiating steps may be performed.

More specifically, the relay unit 120 may receive a relay request signal from the plurality of sensor units 110 . When relay request signals are simultaneously received from the plurality of sensor units 110 , the relay unit 120 may selectively receive the relay request signal according to signal strength. Also, the relay unit 120 may include a separate signal queue and sequentially process relay request signals through the signal queue.

Also, the relay unit 120 may extract the destination address from the relay request signal. The relay unit 120 may extract the destination address from the data packet of the relay request signal. In this case, the destination address may be stored in a specific location of a packet header.

Also, the relay unit 120 may predict the data transmission amount for each destination address. The relay unit 120 may extract destination addresses from a plurality of relay request signals and classify relay request signals having the same destination address. It is possible to estimate the data transmission amount for each destination address by calculating the amount of data required to be transmitted for the relay request signal classified into the same destination address. In this case, even if the final destination addresses are different, even if the intermediate destination addresses that must be passed in the process of reaching each final destination address are the same, the relay request signals may be classified into the same destination address.

Also, the relay unit 120 may determine the final destination address based on the data transmission amount. The relay unit 120 may sort destination addresses based on the data transmission amount, and may determine a destination address with the largest data transmission amount as the final destination address. Although it has been described herein that the final destination address is determined based on the size of the data transmission amount, the present invention is not limited thereto, and conditions for determining the final destination address may be variously set as needed.

Also, the relay unit 120 may calculate the amount of charge required for transmission according to the communication distance to the final destination address. The relay unit 120 may determine the amount of power required for data transmission in consideration of a communication distance to the final destination address, a predicted data transmission amount, and the like, and may determine a transmission required charging amount corresponding thereto. That is, the amount of charge required for transmission may correspond to the minimum amount of power required to stably transmit specific data to a desired destination address.

In addition, the relay unit 120 may initiate a relay for data communication when the capacity of the rechargeable battery exceeds the amount of charge required for transmission. The relay unit 120 may perform an operation for data relay when the amount of power generated by the energy harvesting module 125 is sufficient. That is, the relay unit 120 may read data stored in the internal memory, generate a data packet for data transmission, and transmit the data packet to the next destination address according to the relay path. The relay unit 120 may perform a data compression or encryption operation while generating a data packet as needed.

FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the functional configuration of the safety monitoring unit of FIG. 1 .

Referring to FIG. 3 , the safety monitoring unit 140 may analyze monitoring information received from the gateway unit 130 to perform an operation for detecting abnormality and providing visualization information. To this end, the safety monitoring unit 140 may include a data collection module 141 , a learning module 142 , an abnormality diagnosis module 143 , a notification module 144 , and an interface module 145 .

More specifically, the data collection module 141 may receive and store the data packet transmitted from the gateway unit 130 . The data collection module 141 may classify a data packet according to a source address, and may additionally perform an operation such as data decompression or data decoding.

The learning module 142 may perform an operation for building a detection model for detecting an external attack for security, a diagnostic model for diagnosing abnormalities related to the railway distribution line state, and the like.

The abnormality diagnosis module 143 may analyze the data received from each sensor unit 110 to detect an abnormality related to the state of the railway distribution line. For example, it is possible to perform an operation of predicting and detecting abnormalities with a high probability of causing a safety accident in the course of railway operation, such as departure, deformation, and vibration of a railway distribution line.

The notification module 144 may perform an operation of notifying the abnormality detected by the abnormality diagnosis module 143 to the outside. The notification module 144 may generate a notification message and transmit it to a previously registered terminal, and may provide it as visualized information through the interface module 145 . The interface module 145 may visualize and provide monitoring information and abnormal diagnosis information in various graphics. The interface module 145 may be implemented as a predetermined dedicated program (or application) and provided through a user terminal.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a safety monitoring method using a sensor unit of a railway distribution line according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4 , the safety monitoring system 100 may generate various monitoring information regarding the railway distribution line through the plurality of sensor units 110 (step S410 ). The safety monitoring system 100 may relay the monitoring information generated by each sensor unit 110 through the relay unit 120 and transmit it to a predetermined destination (step S420).

In addition, the safety monitoring system 100 may collect each monitoring information through the gateway unit 130 (step S430). The safety monitoring system 100 may visualize monitoring information through the safety monitoring unit 140 , detect an abnormality in a railway distribution line, and provide a notification regarding this (step S440 ).

Although the above has been described with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can variously modify and change the present invention within the scope without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. You will understand that it can be done.

100: safety monitoring system
110: sensor unit 120: relay unit
130: gateway unit 140: safety monitoring unit
121: receiving module 122: control module
123: transmission module 124: battery module
125: energy harvesting module
141: data collection module 142: learning module
143: error diagnosis module 144: notification module
145: interface module

Claims (4)

a plurality of sensor units installed at predetermined intervals along a railway distribution line and generating monitoring information regarding the state of the railway distribution line;
a relay unit including a wireless antenna and relaying data communication between the plurality of sensor units;
a gateway unit configured to collect the monitoring information from the plurality of sensor units through relaying of the relay unit; and
A safety monitoring unit comprising: an interface module for receiving the monitoring information from the gateway unit and providing visualization information; and an abnormality diagnosis module for detecting abnormalities in the monitoring information and providing notification information;
The relay unit may include: a receiving module configured to receive the monitoring information from the plurality of sensor units through the wireless antenna; a transmission module for transmitting the monitoring information to the gateway unit through the wireless antenna; an energy harvesting module that generates and stores power when the operation mode is deactivated and supplies the power to the reception module and the transmission module when the operation mode is activated; and a control module that controls to activate an operation mode of the energy harvesting module when an activation event is detected.
According to claim 1, wherein the energy harvesting module is
a rectifier for rectifying a radio frequency (RF) signal received through the wireless antenna;
a voltage regulator receiving the RF signal rectified from the rectifier and outputting a preset voltage;
a rechargeable battery for storing the output voltage of the voltage regulator as power; and
A safety monitoring system using a sensor unit of a railway distribution line comprising a; a switch that selectively provides a connection between the rechargeable battery and external modules.
The method of claim 2, wherein the relay unit is
A first step of measuring the strength of the RF signal received through the wireless antenna;
a second step of accumulating and storing data packets transmitted through the RF signal when the strength of the RF signal exceeds a first threshold;
a third step of activating an operation of the energy harvesting module when the intensity of the RF signal exceeds a second threshold; and
A safety monitoring system using a sensor unit of a railway distribution line, characterized in that performing a fourth step of inactivating the operation of the energy harvesting module by monitoring the capacity of the rechargeable battery of the energy harvesting module.
The method of claim 3, wherein the relay unit is
receiving a relay request signal from the plurality of sensor units;
extracting a destination address from the relay request signal;
predicting a data transmission amount for each destination address;
determining a final destination address based on the data transmission amount;
calculating the amount of charge required for transmission according to the communication distance to the final destination address; and
Safety monitoring system using a sensor unit of a railway distribution line, characterized in that performing the step of starting the relay for the data communication when the capacity of the rechargeable battery exceeds the required transmission amount.

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