KR102360275B1 - Color changeable window structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a window structure, and a first glass, a second glass including a photosensitive material, a light source module emitting light of a wavelength that reacts the photosensitive material, and dispersing the light emitted from the light source module toward the second glass and a diffractive optical element, and the photosensitive material corresponds to a photochemically reversible material.

Description

Window structure that can change color {COLOR CHANGEABLE WINDOW STRUCTURE}

The present disclosure relates to a window structure, and more particularly, to a window structure capable of controlling visible light transmittance.

The discolorable window structure can control the visible light transmittance by adjusting the transparency and/or color of the glass. These window structures are also called smart glass or smart windows, and conventionally, polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) that changes the orientation of polarized molecules, and electrochromic (EC, Electrochromic) technology that transfers electric charges were used. . However, when using the conventional polymer dispersed liquid crystal or electrochromic, electrodes and liquid crystal are required for light scattering or light absorption, thereby greatly increasing the manufacturing cost of chromic glass, and furthermore, the degree of discoloration is different for each product, resulting in poor reproducibility There is a problem.

On the other hand, window structures using thermochromic (TC, Thermochromic) glass and heat ray reflecting (Low-E) glass do not use an electrical or electronic system, so manufacturing cost can be reduced, but visible light transmittance is reduced or arbitrary Another problem is that it is a manual type that cannot be adjusted.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a window structure using a diffractive optical element without using liquid crystal.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a window structure that does not use a physical structure such as a blackout curtain or a blocking film.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the window structure includes a first glass, a second glass including a photosensitive material, a light source module emitting light of a wavelength for reacting the photosensitive material, and a light emitted from the light source module to the second glass It may include a diffractive optical element to be dispersed toward the glass, and the photosensitive material may correspond to a photochemically reversible material.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first glass may include a UV blocking film.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the photosensitive material may include AgCl.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the photosensitive material is a water-soluble or water-dispersible vinyl copolymer having a carboxyl group at the end of the main chain obtained by polymerization using (a) the following components 1 to 3 based on 100% by weight of the photosensitive material, 60 to 95 weight %;

Component 1: 2-15 wt% of a copolymerizable vinylic monomer having a carboxyl group as a substituent

Component 2: 50 to 85% by weight of a copolymerizable vinylic monomer other than component 1

Component 3: 0.01-5 wt% of a chain transfer agent having a carboxyl group

(b) 3 to 20% by weight of a low molecular weight photosensitizer having an average of 1 to 2 photosensitive groups per molecule; and (c) 0.1 to 0.5 mol of a tertiary amine as a neutralizing agent with respect to 1 mol of the carboxyl group of the component (a).

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the height of the diffraction pattern of the diffractive optical element may change from the center to the edge of one surface of the diffractive optical element.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the diffraction efficiency of visible light incident on the diffractive optical element may be 0.4 or more.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a difference in primary light diffraction efficiency of blue light, green light, and red light among visible light incident on the diffractive optical element may be 0.5 or less.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the incident angle of the visible light incident on the diffractive optical element is 0 to 50 degrees, the diffraction efficiency of the primary light may be 0.4 or more.

By using the window structure according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to discolor the glass without using liquid crystal.

When the window structure according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is used, a physical structure such as a blackout curtain or a blocking film is used in a window structure that blocks ultraviolet (UV) light included in sunlight and transmits 90% or more of visible light It is possible to adjust the transmittance of visible light wavelengths without

When the window structure according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is used, the degree of discoloration between individual products is uniformed by using a photosensitive material capable of photochemically reversible reaction, thereby increasing the reproducibility of the window structure.

Using the window structure according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce the overall thickness of the window structure by using a diffractive optical element.

When the window structure according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is used, since the multilayer glass technology is used while discoloring the glass, there is an effect of increasing the thermal insulation or energy saving effect.

When the photosensitive material according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is used, there is no difference between individual products in controlling visible light due to high durability, and since it has heat resistance, when used in fireproof glass, it can also perform a heat shielding or heat insulating function.

The effects of the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

1 is a view showing a window structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
2 is a diagram illustrating a phenomenon in which light emitted from a light source module is diffracted while passing through a diffractive optical element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Hereinafter, specific contents for carrying out the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, in the following description, if there is a risk of unnecessarily obscuring the gist of the present disclosure, detailed descriptions of well-known functions or configurations will be omitted.

References in the singular herein include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates the singular. Also, the plural expression includes the singular expression unless the context clearly dictates the plural.

Throughout this specification, when a part "includes" a certain component, it means that other components may be further included, rather than excluding other components, unless otherwise stated.

Throughout this specification, reference to "A and/or B" means "A, or B, or A and B."

Materials described throughout this specification should be construed as including monomers and/or (co)polymers of the material.

In the accompanying drawings, the same or corresponding elements may be assigned the same reference numerals. In addition, in the description of the embodiments below, overlapping description of the same or corresponding components may be omitted. Even if the description of the components is omitted, it should not be construed that such components are not included in a specific embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application pertains can easily carry out. However, the present application may be implemented in several different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. And in order to clearly explain the present application in the drawings, parts irrelevant to the description are omitted, and similar reference numerals are attached to similar parts throughout the specification.

1 is a view showing a window structure 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the window structure 100 includes a first glass 112 , a second glass 114 coated with a photosensitive material 130 , a first glass 112 and a second glass 114 . The light source module 140 disposed therebetween and emitting light of a wavelength for reacting the photosensitive material 130 , and a diffractive optical element 150 for dispersing the light emitted from the light source module 140 toward the second glass 114 . ) may be included. Although only the two glasses 110 are illustrated as the first glass 112 and the second glass 114 in FIG. 1 , the present invention is not limited thereto, and may additionally include a glass.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first glass 112 may include an ultraviolet (UV) blocking film 120 on the inner surface. The first glass 112 may block ultraviolet rays included in external sunlight passing through the first glass 112 by using the ultraviolet blocking film 120 . In addition, the degree of discoloration of the glass by the photosensitive material 130 is arbitrarily changed according to the external environment by preventing light (eg, ultraviolet rays) emitted from the outside other than the light source module 140 from activating the photosensitive material 130 . it can be prevented

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the photosensitive material 130 may be applied to the inner surface of the second glass 114 . The photosensitive material 130 may correspond to a photochemically reversible reaction material. The photosensitive material 130 has a color due to a reaction activated by the light emitted from the light source module 140 , and has no color due to a reaction that is deactivated again when there is no light emitted from the light source module 140 . can get Alternatively, the photosensitive material 130 has a color due to a reaction that is deactivated by the light emitted from the light source module 140 , but an activation reaction proceeds when there is no light emitted from the light source module 140 to change the color can disappear Alternatively, the photosensitive material 130 has a first color due to a reaction in which it is activated or deactivated by light included in the first wavelength region emitted from the light source module 140 , and then is emitted from the light source module 140 . A reaction that is deactivated or activated by light included in the second wavelength region may proceed to have a second color. Here, the first wavelength region and the second wavelength region may correspond to different regions, and the first color and the second color may have different colors, at least one of brightness, and saturation.

In FIG. 1 , the UV blocking film 120 is formed on the inner surface of the first glass 112 and the photosensitive material 130 is formed on the inner surface of the second glass 114 , but the present disclosure is not It is not limited, and may be formed on the outer surface of each glass.

In the case of a window structure using the conventional PDLC method, there was a problem in that the transmittance of visible light was lowered when electrodes were not used. The window structure 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a light source module 140 between the first glass 112 including the UV blocking film 120 and the second glass 114 to which the photosensitive material 130 is applied. Since discoloration due to the external environment is minimized by using a structure in which the . Furthermore, since the multilayer glass technology is used, there is an effect of increasing the heat insulation or energy saving effect.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the light source module 140 and the diffractive optical element 150 may be disposed under the window structure 100 . The light source module 140 may emit light of a specific wavelength band to discolor the photosensitive material 130 applied to the inner surface of the second glass 114 . At this time, the discoloration of the photosensitive material 130 includes both a coloring reaction of darkly discoloring the photosensitive material 130 and a fading reaction of discoloring the photosensitive material 130 transparently. Light emitted from the light source module 140 may pass through the diffractive optical element 150 to reach the inner surface of the second glass 114 coated with the photosensitive material 130 .

The diffractive optical element 150 may be positioned above the light source module 140 to disperse light emitted from the light source module 140 toward the inner surface of the second glass 114 . The wavefront of the light is modulated by the diffractive optical element 150 , and the wavefront-modulated light may uniformly reach the entire area of the inner surface of the second glass 114 .

As long as the light emitted from the light source module 140 can be diffracted by the diffractive optical element 150 to reach the photosensitive material 130 , the positions of the light source module 140 and the diffractive optical element 150 are variously changed. can be

photosensitive material

The photosensitive material 130 according to the present disclosure is a photochemically reversible material, and may correspond to a photosensitive paint or a color-changing paint.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the photosensitive material 130 may include a crystal in which a cation and an anion are combined, and specifically, a silver cation (Ag ⁺ ) and a halogen anion (eg, F ^- , Cl ^- , Br ^- , I ^- , etc.) may be a combined salt. As a representative example, the photosensitive material 130 may include a silver halide compound such as AgCl.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the photosensitive material 130 is 60 to 95 wt% of a water-soluble or water-dispersible vinyl-based copolymer having a carboxyl group at the end of the main chain relative to 100 wt% of the photosensitive material 130, (b) ) 3 to 20% by weight of a low-molecular photosensitizer having an average of 1 to 2 photosensitive groups per molecule, and (c) 0.1 to 0.5 mol of a tertiary amine as a neutralizing agent with respect to 1 mol of the carboxyl group of component (a). .

(a) The material may be obtained by polymerization using the following components 1 to 3, based on 100% by weight of the material (a).

Component 1: 2-15 wt% of a copolymerizable vinylic monomer having a carboxyl group as a substituent

Component 2: 50 to 85% by weight of a copolymerizable vinylic monomer other than component 1

Component 3: 0.01-5 wt% of a chain transfer agent having a carboxyl group

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the photosensitive material 130 is a photochemically reversible material, and in response to light, a color reaction that is a forward reaction proceeds to darken, and furthermore, exposure to light is removed or a relatively long wavelength When exposed to light, the fading reaction as a reverse reaction of the coloring reaction proceeds. In this way, the photosensitive material 130 applied to the glass responds to the presence or absence of light or wavelength, thereby reducing the visible light transmittance of the glass by a coloring reaction (forward reaction), or by reducing the visible light transmittance of the glass by a fading reaction (reverse reaction). It is possible to increase the light transmittance.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the photosensitive material 130 may be applied to the glass in the form of a powder or a film.

Since the photosensitive material 130 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has high durability, there is no difference between individual products in controlling visible light, and since it also has heat resistance, it can also perform a heat shielding or heat insulating function when used in fire protection glass.

light module

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the light source module 140 may emit light of a specific wavelength band that reacts, for example, changes color or activates (or deactivates) the photosensitive material 130 applied to the glass. The light source module 140 according to an embodiment may correspond to an LED module. Here, the LED module may include at least one of an Ultraviolet Ray (UV) LED, an Infrared ray (IR) LED, and a visible light LED. According to one embodiment, the LED module may change the wavelength of the emitted light.

Specifically, the UV LED may darkly color the glass coated with the photosensitive material 130 during the coloring reaction or the activation reaction, and the colored glass may be faded again using the IR LED during the fading reaction or deactivation reaction. As an example, when the photosensitive material 130 including AgCl applied to the first glass 112 is exposed to UV emitted from the light source module 140 , a coloring reaction proceeds and AgCl included in the photosensitive material 130 is exposed. Silver can be decomposed into Ag ions and Cl ions. When UV is removed, a fading reaction proceeds, and Ag ions and Cl ions can form AgCl again.

In AgCl, since colloidal silver produced by irradiation of short-wavelength light, that is, ultraviolet rays emitted from UV LEDs, absorbs light, a coloring reaction proceeds and the glass can be colored. Furthermore, in a dark place where exposure to ultraviolet light has been removed, or a fading reaction, which is a reverse reaction of the coloring reaction, proceeds by irradiation of infrared radiation emitted from an IR LED. It can fade again.

Similar to AgCl, the photosensitive material 130 including silver halide (eg, AgF, AgBr, AgI, etc.) undergoes a coloring reaction by ultraviolet rays emitted from the UV LED to reduce the transmittance of visible light, and also Exposure may be removed or a fading reaction may proceed by infrared radiation emitted from the IR LED to increase the transmittance of visible light.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, light for a coloring reaction or an activation reaction of the photosensitive material 130 may correspond to a wavelength of 280 nm to 350 nm and/or electromagnetic waves of 350 to 450 nm. The light for the fading reaction of the photosensitive material 130 may correspond to an electromagnetic wave of 650 nm to 900 nm.

Similar to UV LEDs and IR LEDs, visible light LEDs can emit blue light, green light, and red light to discolor the photosensitive material 130 applied to the glass. In this case, the wavelength of blue light among visible light may be 350 to 450 nm, the wavelength of green light may be 450 to 600 nm, and the wavelength of red light may correspond to 600 to 750 nm, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

diffractive optical element

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the diffractive optical element 150 (DOE, diffractive optical elements) may correspond to an optical element in which a plurality of diffraction patterns are periodically formed on at least one surface. The diffraction pattern of the diffraction optical element 150 is a surface concavo-convex structure, and specifically, it may be at least one of a streamlined sawtooth, multiple steps, steps, and sawtooth shapes, but is not limited thereto, and all diffraction patterns capable of diffracting incident light. includes the shape of Furthermore, the diffractive optical element 150 may include a plurality of diffraction patterns having different pattern shapes rather than a single pattern shape. Also, the period in which the diffraction pattern is formed may be changed.

Such a surface uneven structure of the diffractive optical element 150 may be generated by various methods such as, for example, a hot stamping processing method, a laser processing method, and the like. The diffraction pattern formed on the diffraction optical element 150 converts the wavefront of the incident light wave by modulating the phase and amplitude of the light incident on the surface structure, or diffracts the light emitted from the light source module 140 (eg, LED module). can At this time, the incident light passing through the diffraction pattern of the diffractive optical element 150 is divided into 0th order light (D0), 1st order light (D1), -1st order light, etc., and the photosensitive material 130 is applied to the second glass 114. can reach uniformly over the entire surface of

The height and diffraction efficiency of the diffraction pattern of the diffractive optical element 150 according to the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2 .

Compared with the window structure using the conventional PDLC method, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmittance of visible light is adjusted using the diffractive optical element 150 , the LED module and the photosensitive material 130 , so compared with the PDLC method Since expensive liquid crystal glass is not required, there is an advantage that the manufacturing cost can be significantly lowered.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a phenomenon in which light emitted from the light source module 140 is diffracted while passing through the diffractive optical element 150 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The diffractive optical element 150 may diffract the incident light emitted from the light source module 140 to uniformly distribute the light over the entire inner surface of the second glass 114 coated with the photosensitive material 130 . Accordingly, the degree of coloring or fading of the second glass 114 can be made uniform over the entire surface. Alternatively, by controlling the degree of dispersion of light, only a portion of the entire inner surface of the second glass 114 may be colored or faded. For example, by controlling the degree of dispersion of light to form a pattern or figure on the inner surface of the second glass 114 , only a portion of the inner surface of the second glass 114 may be colored or faded.

The diffractive optical element 150 includes at least one diffraction pattern having a surface uneven structure, wherein the height of the diffraction pattern is defined as the distance between the pattern minimum point 240 and the pattern maximum point 250 of the surface uneven structure structure. . The height of the diffraction pattern may change from the center to the edge of one surface of the diffractive optical element 150 . In one embodiment, the height of the diffraction pattern may be designed to continuously change from the center of one surface of the diffractive optical element 150 toward the edge, and more specifically, the height of the diffraction pattern is from the center of one surface of the diffractive optical element 150 . The height of the diffraction pattern may be formed to decrease toward the edge, or, conversely, the height of the diffraction pattern may be formed to increase continuously from the center of one surface of the diffractive optical element 150 toward the edge. In addition, the height of the diffraction pattern may vary discontinuously.

Furthermore, the diffraction pattern may be designed through target diffraction angle calculation programming, a phase function of the diffraction pattern, or transmission function modeling. As a representative example, the diffraction pattern of the diffractive optical element 150 may be designed through an optimization function modeling to have a target diffraction angle and diffraction efficiency through an iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA), and specific The design method of the diffraction pattern is described in the document "Design of diffractive optical elements for multiple wavelengths", APPLIED OPTICS/Vol.37, Issue 26, pp.6174-6177, 1998), and the content of the document is herein assumed to be included.

The diffraction efficiency of the diffractive optical element 150 was calculated by Equation 1 below.

[Equation 1]

Diffraction efficiency = (intensity of diffracted and transmitted read light)/(intensity of diffracted and transmitted read light + undiffracted and transmitted read light intensity)×100

The intensity of the diffracted transmitted read light and the non-diffracted transmitted read light intensity were calculated from the measured values of the diffracted and transmitted read light amount and the non-diffracted transmitted read light amount, respectively.

The diffractive optical element 150 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be designed to adjust diffraction efficiency according to a diffraction pattern. In general, a high diffraction pattern is measured to have high diffraction efficiency of long wavelength light, and a low diffraction pattern is measured to have high diffraction efficiency of short wavelength light. That is, in FIG. 2 , the diffraction efficiency of the long wavelength light L1 in the first diffraction pattern 210 having a high diffraction pattern height is high, and the short wavelength light L3 in the third diffraction pattern 230 having a low diffraction pattern height. ), the overall diffraction efficiency can be similarly adjusted by the diffraction optical element 150 including the diffraction patterns having different heights of the diffraction patterns even though the wavelengths of the incident light are different. Accordingly, in an embodiment, the diffraction efficiency of visible light incident on the diffractive optical element 150 may be designed to have a value of 0.4 or more.

In another embodiment, the difference in primary light diffraction efficiencies among blue light, green light, and red light among visible light incident on the diffractive optical element 150 may be designed to have a value of 0.5 or less. Blue light having a relatively long wavelength may have high diffraction efficiency in the first diffraction pattern 210 having a high diffraction pattern height. Red light having a relatively short wavelength may have high diffraction efficiency in the third diffraction pattern 230 having a low diffraction pattern height. In addition, green light having a wavelength longer than red light and shorter than blue light may have high diffraction efficiency in the second diffraction pattern 220 . Accordingly, all primary lights of the diffracted blue light, green light, and red light passing through the diffractive optical element 150 may have high diffraction efficiency, and the difference between the values may be 0.5 or less.

As the height of the diffraction pattern of the diffractive optical element 150 changes continuously or discontinuously from the center to the edge of one surface of the diffractive optical element 150 , it is independent of the angle of incidence of light passing through the diffractive optical element 150 . It can have a very high diffraction efficiency. In an embodiment, when the incident angle of the visible light incident on the diffractive optical element 150 is 0 to 50 degrees, the diffraction efficiency of the primary light may be designed to have a value of 0.4 or more. In FIG. 2 , when light L1 having an incident angle of 0 degrees and incident to the first diffraction pattern 210 is visible light, the light L1 is divided into 0th order light (D0), 1st order light (D1), etc., of which the 1st light (D1) ) may have a diffraction efficiency of 0.4 or more.

The window structure according to the present disclosure uses the diffractive optical element 150 to color or fade the photosensitive material 130 without using liquid crystal through a color change reaction for visible light of glass containing the photosensitive material 130. The transmittance can be adjusted. In this way, the window structure according to the present disclosure can control the transmittance of the visible light of the glass due to the interaction between the light source module 140, the diffractive optical element 150, and the chromic glass, so that even in smart glass or smart window Also applicable.

The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to various modifications without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples set forth herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to some embodiments herein, it should be understood that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. something to do. Further, such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

110: glass
112: first glass
114: second glass
120: UV protection film
130: photosensitive material
140: light source module
150: diffractive optical element
210, 220, 230: diffraction pattern
240: pattern minimum point
250: maximum point of the pattern

Claims (10)

As a window structure,
a first glass;
a second glass disposed to face the first glass and spaced apart from the first glass and including a UV-sensitive photosensitive material capable of displaying a first color and a visible light-sensitive photosensitive material capable of displaying a second color;
a light source module disposed in a space spaced apart from the first glass and the second glass and emitting light of a wavelength for reacting the ultraviolet light-sensitive photosensitive material and the visible light-sensitive photosensitive material; and
It is installed on the light source module, including a diffractive optical element that diffracts the light emitted from the light source module only toward the second glass,
wherein the first color is different from the second color.
According to claim 1,
The first glass is a window structure comprising a UV protection film.
delete delete delete delete According to claim 1,
The difference in primary light diffraction efficiency of blue light, green light, and red light among visible light incident on the diffractive optical element is 0.5 or less, a window structure.
According to claim 1,
When the incident angle of the visible light incident on the diffractive optical element is 0 to 50 degrees, the diffraction efficiency of the primary light is 0.4 or more, a window structure.
delete delete

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