KR102354797B1 - Heating element powered by alternating current and heat generator accomplished by the heating element - Google Patents

Abstract

The heating element 1 is operated by alternating current, and the heat generator 43 comprises a heating element 1 and an electronic control device 9 . The heating element has a hollow housing 3 closed or provided with one or more openings, and at least two electrodes 5 which are insulated from the housing 3 and each other by an insulating element 4 . The electronic control device 9 includes an AC power supply unit 10 , a central unit 11 , and a strong current switch unit 12 . The output 15 of the strong current switch unit 12 is connected to the heating element 1 . The electrode 5 has a polygonal or three-dimensional curved cross section, with each of its longitudinal axis 8 or generation line forming an exponential curve. 1000-60000 Hz of duty-factor modulated alternating voltage with a maximum amplitude of 1000 V is connected to the electrode 5 .

Description

ACCOMPLISHED BY THE HEATING ELEMENT

The present invention relates to an alternating current operated heating element which can be applied to heat an external medium surrounding the heating element. The heating element has a housing formed as an open or closed hollow body and at least two electrodes which are insulated with respect to the housing by means of an insulating element and with respect to each other. The invention also relates to an alternating current operated heat generator comprising an electronic control device and a heating element in contact with a heat transfer medium. This electronic control device includes an AC supply unit, a central unit and a strong current switch unit. The power output of the power supply unit is connected to the strong current switch unit. The frequency output of the power supply unit is connected to the central unit. The output of the strong current switch unit is connected to the heating element.

Patent application EP 0690660 describes a method and a device for heating a flowing ionic fluid The device consists of an elongated housing through which the liquid is circulated. Two identical electrodes are arranged at the inlet and outlet of this housing. An electric field is created between the electrodes. During heating, the liquid flows between the electrodes. The housing is retracted from its center into a narrow tube, the cross section of which is calculated for the desired flow rate. A perforated disk is placed on the electrode, wherein the number and size of the holes depend on the viscosity and flow rate. The current density between the electrodes is up to 40 mA/cm ² .

In this solution, the liquid is heated directly by two electrodes in the flowing material. This means that a continuous flow of liquid is required to operate this system, which can of course be the heated liquid's own flow. Since the heated medium is the same as the medium surrounding the electrode, the type of heat transfer medium is limited.

Patent application US 4072847 discloses a thermostat for a heating element and a sealed glass tube accommodating a metal tube containing an electrical heating element insulated from the metal tube and a sealed tubular structure formed in a plastic tube sealed at one end of the metal tube. It relates to an electric heating element accommodating a.

Patent application US 2002096511 describes a temperature control device for electric heating installations which can keep the temperature substantially constant in order to save energy. The device comprises a relay connected between the alternating current power supply and the heating installation, and a central unit for switching the relay. The relay continuously outputs the input AC voltage supplied from the AC power supply, or alternatively outputs the input AC voltage intermittently by blocking the waveform of one cycle from the waveform of the input AC voltage. The temperature control of this electric heating installation is achieved by controlling the apparent frequency of the input alternating voltage supplied to the electric heating installation through adjusting the spacing of the waveforms.

This solution can be considered energy saving as it keeps the temperature of the heated environment constant, ie the heating effect is reduced or terminated at a certain time. The output is controlled by changing the duty factor. Thereby the assumed electrical power is controlled, as a result of which the heating effect is proportionally changed. It should be noted that in this solution the duty factor is controlled instead of the frequency. This document is valid for direct control of the output. However, the present invention contemplates tuning or maintaining the resonant frequency applied in a particular environment.

Patent application RU 2189541 describes an ionization technique. Coaxially mounted phase and zero electrodes are used here. Conduction occurs as a function of the resistance of the flowing medium, and the heat generated by the current is used. The basic concept is similar to that of a resistance heater. The present invention differs from this solution due to exponential curve shaping. Moreover, in the case of the present invention, high-efficiency collision and friction between charged ions to obtain strong heat generation, without attaching importance to the resistance effect, is used. The present invention can be realized at low cost since no special materials are required.

Patent application EP 0207329 teaches a method and apparatus for converting electrical energy into thermal energy. An essential factor here is that the appliance has a housing, which is resistant to pressures and fluids, and has therein a dielectric composed of a mixture of high-purity metals and distilled water or transformer oil. At least one electrode is inserted into the housing using an insulating duct. If two rod electrodes are used, they are connected to a power supply with a control device. If one electrode is used, it and the housing made of a conductive material as the other electrode are connected to a power supply with the control device. The control device controls the power supply so that, in the initial operating state, the dielectric is excited by vibration of a resonant frequency and only an amount of energy required to maintain the state of resonance of the dielectric is supplied. This excitation and energy supply can be provided by direct current or alternating current, preferably by high-frequency non-sinusoidal alternating current.

This solution is completely different from the present invention. It uses a high frequency, and the device operates at the frequency of the dielectric within an enclosed space rather than at the resonance frequency of the cavity. According to the relevant literature, two electrodes in the housing may be used, or one of the electrodes may be the housing itself. The resonant frequency of the dielectric fluid between these two electrodes is the determining factor. The fluid may include distilled water containing high-purity metals or it may be transformer oil. This fluid also contains ions and is therefore only partially dielectric. In the solution of the present invention, instead of the resonant frequency of the dielectric fluid filling the cavity, the internal space of the housing, ie the resonant frequency of the cavity of the resonator, is the determining factor. This means that the housing essentially functions as a resonator cavity, and neither the housing itself nor the material within it is critical. Another important difference is that the present invention uses essentially lower frequencies.

Patent application US 2009/0263113 describes a method for heating a fluid comprising dipole particles, such as molecules or populations of molecules, wherein the fluid is exposed to an electric field in a heat generator, whereby the particles of the fluid are oriented according to their charge and have. These particles are further exposed to voltage pulses, breaking the particle's short-range order, and the particles in the fluid can be shifted from resonant oscillations by the voltage pulses. In this way, thermal energy is generated.

The only similarity between the above method and the present invention is that the particles of the fluid are charged, and the charge can be changed externally. However, in the solution of the present invention the measurement of change does not depend on the applied energy. According to the present invention, the motion amplitude of the already charged particles in the resonant space is modulated by a special electrode arrangement and continuously increased. As a result, the modulated particle moves along a significantly longer path. The amount of used energy required in this way is much smaller.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel heating device, the operation of which is based on all previously less applied laws of physics leading to a significantly increased heating efficiency, which can be used for heaters in homes and also in industrial installations. A further object is to provide a heat generating device which can be easily controlled in operation.

It has been realized that the movement of ions in a given medium generates a significant amount of heat. It has also been realized that, when ions in an ion-containing medium are excited in a space that is at least partially closed due to the resonance frequency characteristic of the space, a standing wave is generated during amplitude modulation of the ions in motion. As a result, high-efficiency collisions between ions are induced, resulting in active heat generation. For this purpose properly formed oscillators with alternating polarity need to be mounted in a given space. This requires oscillator electronics and controllers that are suitably high-efficiency. By using electronics to monitor and adjust the modulation frequency, the efficiency can be further improved as significantly less energy is required to reach the same temperature. The energy requirements required for this type of heat generation are entirely different from electrically operated resistive heat generators.

In one aspect the invention is an alternating current operated heating element that can be applied to heat an external medium surrounding the heating element. The heating element has a hollow body housing, which is a cavity resonator, closed or provided with one or more openings, and at least two electrodes insulated from each other and the housing by an insulating element. An inner medium comprising charged ions is accommodated within the housing of the heating element. In the case of an open housing, the inner medium is the same as the outer medium, and in the case of a closed housing, the inner medium is the same as or different from the outer medium. The electrode has a polygonal or three-dimensional curved cross section. The electrodes are arranged in the housing in such a way that the longitudinal axes, each shaped as an exponential curve, diverge, ie in such a way that the distance between the longitudinal axes increases exponentially. In another embodiment, the electrodes are formed as part of a sheath of a rotating body, the lines of which are each formed as exponential curves emanating from the axis of rotation, ie the distance between the lines of generation increases exponentially. 1000-60000 Hz of a duty factor modulated alternating voltage of up to 1000 V amplitude is connected to the electrode, the frequency of the alternating voltage and the required values of the amplitude as well as the size of the electrode are known for operating the housing of the heating element at the resonant frequency determined in the way

In another aspect, the present invention relates to an alternating current operated heat generator comprising an electronic control device and a heating element in contact with a heat transfer medium. The heating element has a housing formed as an open or closed hollow body and at least two electrodes which are insulated with respect to the housing by means of an insulating element and with respect to each other. This electronic control device includes an AC supply unit, a central unit and a strong current switch unit. The power output of the power supply unit is connected to the strong current switch unit. The frequency output of the power supply unit is connected to the central unit. The output of the strong current switch unit is connected to the heating element. An inner medium comprising charged ions is accommodated within the housing of the heating element. In the case of an open housing, the inner medium is the same as the outer medium, and in the case of a closed housing, the inner medium is the same as or different from the outer medium.

The electrode has a polygonal or three-dimensional curved cross section. The electrodes are arranged in the housing in such a way that the longitudinal axes, each shaped as an exponential curve, diverge, ie in such a way that the distance between the longitudinal axes increases exponentially. In another embodiment, the electrodes are formed as part of a sheath of a rotating body, the lines of which are each formed as exponential curves emanating from the axis of rotation, ie the distance between the lines of generation increases exponentially. 1000-60000 Hz of a duty factor modulated alternating voltage of up to 1000 V amplitude is connected to the electrode, the frequency of the alternating voltage and the required values of the amplitude as well as the size of the electrode are known for operating the housing of the heating element at the resonant frequency determined in the way The central unit of the control unit consists of a modulation summator and a fundamental frequency generator. Basically, the fundamental frequency generator is a square wave generator with an automatic frequency comparator unit. One of the input signals of the comparator unit is the fundamental frequency signal of the fundamental frequency generator, the other input signal of which is a temperature reference signal fed back from the heating element. The output signal of the fundamental frequency generator is a square wave, which corresponds substantially to the resonant frequency, which is connected to a first input of the modulation thermator. A frequency output of the power supply unit is connected to a second input of a modulation thermator of the central unit. The output of the modulation thermator is connected to the control input of the strong current switch unit 12 .

In order to operate the invention in an advantageous manner, adjustment of three parameters and pre-computation of the resonance point are necessary. One of the three variables, the conductance of the internal medium, must be set to an appropriate value before initiation of operation, and the current and temperature must be set during operation.

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be defined by the appended claims.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a side cross-sectional view of a heating element with an open end;
2 is a side cross-sectional view of the heating element having a closed end filled with an inner medium;
Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing a possible embodiment of an electronic control device;
4 is a block diagram illustrating a possible embodiment of a heat generator;
5 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a heating element with an electrode formed as a rotating body;
6 is a graph showing the temperature/power of a heat generator according to the invention compared to that of a resistive device, wherein the horizontal axis is time (minutes) and the vertical axis is the temperature/power ratio.

An alternating current actuated heating element 1 according to the invention is used for heating the surrounding external medium 2 . The heating element 1 comprises a hollow housing 3 which is a cavity resonator and which has one or more openings or is a closed housing 3 ( FIG. 2 ), and an insulation made of a suitable solid material chemically resistant to the medium. It comprises a housing 3 by means of an element 4 and at least two electrodes 5 insulated from each other. The material of the insulating element 4 has a high electrical and thermal insulating ability and is a suitable solid for keeping the wave generated during operation within the interior space of the housing 3 . The closed hollow body housing 3 can be formed integrally, for example as a tube closed by a closing element 7 . The housing 3 is any rotating body, preferably a tube. Inside the housing 3 of the heating element 1 is accommodated an inner medium 6 containing charged ions, which is the same as the outer medium 2 in the case of an open housing 3 . In the case of a closed housing 3 , it may be the same as or different from the external medium 2 . In this latter case, the external medium 2 need not contain charged ions. The material of the housing 3 can be, for example, a metal or plastic or multi-layer plastic with chemical resistance to the inner medium 6 and the outer medium 2, and has a high thermal conductivity and radio frequency shielding ability.

The electrode has a polygonal or three-dimensional curved cross section. Each of these longitudinal axes 8 respectively formed as exponential curves diverge. That is, the distance between their longitudinal axes 8 increases exponentially. In another embodiment, the electrode 5 is formed as part of a sheath of a rotating body, the lines of which are each formed as exponential curves diverging from the axis of rotation, ie the distance between the lines of origin increases exponentially. 1000-60000 Hz of duty factor modulated alternating voltage with an amplitude of up to 1000 V is connected to the electrode 5 . The values of the frequency and amplitude of the alternating voltage for actuating the housing 3 of the heating element 1 at the required resonant frequency as well as the size of the electrodes 5 are determined in a known manner using, for example, Helmholtz resonator calculations. is decided A Helmholtz resonator is an acoustic resonator consisting of a tube and a cavity. In practice this is the acoustic equivalent of the LC circuit. Geometric measurements are used to tune the resonator. The resonant frequency is generated based on the Thompson formula.

The material of the electrode 5 is a highly elastic, highly conductive, and corrosion-resistant metal, which is formed as a plate, but is not limited thereto. Its role is to deliver the required electrical power at the required frequency to the inner medium 6 containing the charged ions. Typically it is shaped into this shape as exponentially diverging curves are more effective. However, other shapes may also be realized. The length of the electrode 5 is determined based on the resonance frequency characteristic of the cavity resonator. The number of these is at least two.

When the polarity of the electrode is reversed, the ions change direction and move towards the opposite charge, resulting in enhanced exotherm. In the case of certain fluids, such as media containing charged ions, strong exotherm and minimal gasification can be ensured exclusively by supplying an alternating current.

In the cavity of the housing 3 of the heating element 1, a standing wave is generated during amplitude modulation of ions moving with the frequency characteristic of the resonant space. The result is high-efficiency collisions between the moving charged ions, resulting in active heat generation, which typically uses the same amount of energy but can generate more heat compared to such a resistive heat generator.

Amplitude modulation is induced based on the exponentially diverging curved shape of the electrodes 5 and the alternating voltage control, as a result of which the polarities of the pair of electrodes 5 are continuously changed. As a result, the vibrating ions migrate to the inner end of the electrode 5 along a successively longer path between the two electrodes 5 .

A greater amount of heat is generated in a given medium by causing enhanced friction of the ions during longer pulsating motions. The tuning cavity, in this case the interior space of the housing 3 , is resonance tuned. The resonant frequency value is determined by the inner length L and the inner cross-section A of the housing 3 ( FIG. 2 ). The resonance frequency and / or capacity factor (C _a) of the housing is determined in a known manner through the relationship used for the sound system. Based on this value, the constant multiplier of the function forming the exponential curve of the electrode 5 can be determined in a known manner. For this purpose, extensive technical literature is available from which many Helmholtz and Thompson relations can be learned. Applicable relationships:

는 지수 함수의 승수이고, 즉 본 실시예에서, 전극(5)의 형상을 결정하는 지수 함수는

이고, 여기서

는 전극(5)의 길이방향 축선(8) 또는 발생선의 유효 길이이다.

의 값은 전극(5)이 하우징(3)의 내벽과 접촉하지 않도록 선택되어야 한다.here

is a multiplier of the exponential function, that is, in this embodiment, the exponential function determining the shape of the electrode 5 is

and where

is the effective length of the longitudinal axis 8 or generation line of the electrode 5 .

The value of should be chosen so that the electrode 5 does not come into contact with the inner wall of the housing 3 .

이도록 측정에 의해 결정될 수 있다. 가열 요소(1)가 하우징(3)의 물리적 크기에 의해 결정되는 공진 주파수로 작동됨에 따라, 정상파가 생성된다. 이 정상파로 인해, 이온의 운동에 의해 개시되는 본 프로세스를 유지하기 위해 필요한 에너지는 종래의 전열기보다 적다. 제어 주파수가 소정의 하우징(3)에 속하는 공진 주파수의 범위로부터 벗어나는 경우, 언급된 효과는 관찰되지 않는다. 본 시스템의 최고 효율은 공진 주파수

부근에서 얻어질 수 있다.The resonant frequency is the frequency applied at the minimum current taken to actuate the heating element 1 is the resonant frequency.

can be determined by measurement. As the heating element 1 is operated at a resonant frequency determined by the physical size of the housing 3 , a standing wave is generated. Due to this standing wave, the energy required to maintain the present process initiated by the motion of ions is less than that of conventional electric heaters. When the control frequency deviates from the range of resonant frequencies belonging to a given housing 3, the mentioned effect is not observed. The highest efficiency of this system is at the resonant frequency

can be obtained in the vicinity.

The external medium 2 is a fluid or a suitably homogeneous gel or solid material. The inner medium 6 is a reasonably high heat-conducting and heat-conducting fluid or a suitably homogeneous gel or solid material comprising charged ions. If the inner medium 6 and the outer medium 2 are identical, suitable materials for this are a fluid or some solid state material or gel containing charged ions and having high thermal-conductive properties. Preferably, a liquid state material is used to generate a suitable standing wave. Its role in the present system is to provide charged ions during operation that initiate vibration and movement due to the energy supplied. The friction of the ions during the movement of the ions in the material generates heat, which is transferred to the surface of the housing 3 .

The insulating element 4 is hermetically fixed to the housing 3 . Through this insulating element 4 is inserted a temperature reference signal sensor 20 , which is connected to a temperature output 37 for adjusting and re-regulating the resonant frequency. The connector of the electrode 5 transmits the converted electrical energy to the electrode 5 of the heating element 1 via a low-loss electrical connection. The connector must be of high electrical conductivity, its material must be a suitable solid, and have an elastic structure so that the electrical connection is not disconnected due to vibration of the electrode 5 during operation. This increases resistance, and increasing resistance decreases conduction.

The housing 3 may have a circular or polygonal cross-section, or it may have ribs, wherein the ribs are formed as corrugated or angled teeth. The electrode 5 is installed in the tubular housing 3 so that the longitudinal axes, each formed by an exponential curve, diverge, that is, the distance between the longitudinal axes increases exponentially ( FIGS. 1 and 2 ). ). In another embodiment, the electrodes 5 having the shape of a rotating body are installed concentrically, and each of its lines of occurrence is formed as an exponential curve diverging from the axis of rotation. That is, the distance between the occurrence lines increases exponentially (FIG. 5). Electrodes 5 are formed of resilient, highly conductive sheet metal with chemical resistance to media 2 , 6 .

In short, the material of the housing 3 of the heating element 1 is made of any kind of high thermal conductivity material, for example a metal, plastic having a low chemical affinity (as well as corrosion resistance) for a medium containing charged ions. or multilayer plastic. Its high thermal conductivity ensures that the heat generated within the resonator is transferred quickly and with little heat loss. It may be cylindrical or may have a prismatic cross-section. In terms of propagation of the wave, a cylindrical housing is proposed. Its outer surface may have ribs to ensure good heat transfer, but typically this does not affect operation. The material of the housing 3 should have a high shielding ability against radio frequencies. The size of the housing in terms of frequency and power can be determined by known formulas used for the calculation of the cavity resonator.

An alternating current actuated heating element is actuated by an electronic control device (9). In one advantageous embodiment, this electronic control device 9 (shown by dashed lines in FIG. 3 ) comprises a power supply unit 10 , a central unit 11 and a strong current switch unit 12 .

The power supply unit 10 supplies power for the heat generating process. It has a noise filter for filtering the interfering signal arriving from the electrical network and preventing the interference signal of the central unit 11 from returning to the electrical network. Furthermore, it has an electrical and/or mechanical fuse for reporting the central unit 11 , the strong current switch unit 12 and the electrodes 5 .

The power output 13 of the power supply unit 10 is connected to the strong current switch unit 12 . The frequency output 14 of the power supply unit 10 is connected to the central unit 11 . The output 15 of the strong current switch unit 12 is connected to the heating element 1 .

The central unit 11 comprises a modulation thermator 17 and a fundamental frequency generator 18 . The signal generated by the fundamental frequency generator 18 is modulated by a modulation thermator 17 to the frequency of the circuitry. The role of the modulation thermator 17 is the phase-correct matching of the fundamental frequency to the frequency of the network, where the frequency of the network is 50 - 60 Hz and the fundamental frequency is 1000 Hz - 60000 Hz ( according to the resonance frequency characteristic of the housing 3 of the heating element 1). The duty factor of the signal is 1-100% (this duty factor is highly dependent on the medium containing the charged ions). The operating voltage range is 110 V - 1000 V. Preferably less than 400 V is applied. In some specific cases, more than 400 V can be used when the conductivity of the ionic medium is low. However, if the electrodes 5 are in close proximity and the medium has a high conductivity, an electric arc may occur, which must be avoided for safety reasons.

Essentially the fundamental frequency generator 18 is a square wave generator with an automatic frequency comparator unit 19 .

The fundamental frequency generator 18 is an AFC (automatic frequency generator) which can be applied to correct the necessary fundamental frequency for the resonant frequency based on the temperature measured by the sensor 20 of the heating element 1 and fed back via the temperature output 37 . It is a stable square wave generator including a frequency comparator) unit. This is necessary because the resonant frequency changes continuously during the temperature change of the medium containing the charged ions.

One of the input signals of the comparator unit 19 is the fundamental frequency signal of the fundamental frequency generator 18 , the other input signal of which is a reference signal fed back from the heating element 1 , ie the sensor delivered at the temperature output 37 . (20) is the signal.

The output signal 21 of the fundamental frequency generator 18 is a square wave having a frequency substantially corresponding to the resonant frequency, which is passed to the first input 22 of the modulation thermator 17 . The frequency output 14 of the power supply unit 10 is connected to a second input 23 of the modulation thermator 17 . The output 24 of the modulation thermator 17 is connected to the control input 25 of the strong current switch unit 12 .

The strong current switch unit 12 transmits a power supply current to the electrode 5 via an output 15 in accordance with a modulated signal delivered from the power supply unit 10 to its control input 25 . Advantageously this is done by means of a thyristor or other similar known switching technique.

In a further combined embodiment of the electronic control device 9 , the central unit 11 comprises a control unit 16 (in FIG. 4 in the bold dashed line).

The control unit 16 controls the modulation thermator 17 and the fundamental frequency generator 18 . The electronic control device 9 also comprises a current sensing and control unit 26 for sensing the current of the heating element 1 and a temperature sensing and control unit 27 for sensing the temperature of the heating element 1 . . The current sensing and control unit 26 and the temperature sensing and control unit 27 are also controlled by the control unit 16 .

Current sensing and control circuit 26 controls the amount of current in electrode 5 based on a set reference value and values measured and sensed during operation.

A temperature sensing and control circuit 27 may be adapted to sense the temperature of the heating element 1 , based on a set value and the sensed value, it directs the current on the electrode 5 according to a predetermined value fixed in the matrix. Control to turn on and off. In this embodiment the heating element 1 is also provided with a current output 29 for measuring the current on the heating element 1 . Moreover, the temperature output 37 of the sensor 20 is connected to a fundamental frequency generator 18 via a temperature sensing and control circuit 27 and a current sensing and control circuit 26 .

A first input 28 of the current sensing and control circuit 26 is connected to a current output 29 of the heating element 1 . The first output 30 of the current sensing and control circuit 26 is connected to the current input 31 of the strong current switch unit 12 , the second output 32 of which is the second output of the modulation thermator 17 . 3 input 33 , the third output 34 of which is connected to the current input 35 of the fundamental frequency generator 18 . The input 36 of the temperature sensing and control circuit 27 is connected to the temperature output 37 of the heating element 1 . Its first output 38 is connected to the second input 39 of the current sensing and control circuit 26 , its second output 40 being the temperature input 41 of the strong current switch unit 12 . is connected to This arrangement ensures the required value of the resonant frequency during the control related to the temperature and current consumption of the heating element 1 . The lowest energy consumption can be achieved by operating the heating element 1 at the resonant frequency. That is, the minimum current consumption may be set to the required temperature.

For safety reasons, an overheat protection circuit 42 is connected between the heating element 1 and the strong current switch unit 12 .

Preferably, the control unit 16 is realized by microprocessor circuitry running an appropriate control program. Modulation thermator 17 , fundamental frequency generator 18 , current sensing and control circuit 26 and temperature sensing and control circuit 27 are the so-called micro-controllers or It may be implemented by other control units.

The heat generator 43 according to the invention comprises a heating element 1 and an electronic control device 9 . 3 shows a simple embodiment of the present invention. In this solution, a heating element 1 filled with an inner medium 6 and connected to the electronic control unit 9 described with reference to FIG. 3 is installed in a suitable outer medium 2 . Naturally, this external medium is housed in a device that generates thermal energy. In this case too, the inner medium 6 can be identical to the outer medium 2 .

4 shows a heat generator 43 in a more complex embodiment according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the heating element 1 filled with the inner medium 6 and connected to the electronic control device 9 described with reference to FIG. 4 is installed in a suitable outer medium 2 . Naturally, this external medium is housed in a device that generates thermal energy. In this case too, the inner medium 6 can be identical to the outer medium 2 .

When a larger amount of heat is required, physical dimensions are limited, or multiple power levels need to be used, multiple heating elements can be applied in terms of resonance, each heating element being an independent unit. However, each heating element 1 must have a respective electronic control device 9 . Otherwise, it is possible to increase the dimensions, but in any case the laws of physics pertaining to the cavity resonator must be taken into account.

6 is a graph of an electric oil radiator with a commercially available resistive heating element compared to the temperature/power consumption of a radiator of the same type with a radiator 43 according to one embodiment of the present invention taken as a function of time. Temperature/power consumption is shown. The solid line in the figure shows the power consumption of the heat generator 43 according to the invention as a function of time to reach the surface temperature of 80° C. of the oil radiator. This required 15 minutes and 30 W of power. The dotted line shows the power consumption of a conventional resistive device as a function of time to reach a surface temperature of 80 °C. This required 45 minutes and 190 W of power. Obviously the solution according to the invention used less than 1/6 of the power used by the resistive device. This ratio remains the same while the temperature is maintained.

The heat generator 43 according to the present invention can be realized, for example, in the following manner. The heating element 1 according to the invention can be installed in the lower threaded portion of the oil radiator after removing the original resistive heating element. The heating element 1 extends within the housing of the radiator to about one third of the radiator. 3/4 of the trigger 7 is filled with normal tap water. In this case, the heat transfer external medium 2 between the radiator body and the heating element 1 is ordinary tap water. This radiator is provided with filling and draining taps. The air buffer on the upper side of the external medium serves as an expansion tank. The heat generation induces a gravitational motion of the external medium 2 , as a result of which each radiator element and almost its entire surface are heated. The electronic control device 9 is completed and connected to the heating element 1 as described above. Electric power for operating the electronic control device 9 is supplied by an electric circuit. The electronic control unit 9 can be mounted on a wall and mounted on a radiator in a closed insulating box designed for this purpose. A room thermostat may be connected to the device if necessary to further improve the efficiency of the energy used.

The heating element and heat generator of the present invention have several advantages. It can be easily manufactured, no special materials are required, and all components are readily available. During operation, combustion products and carbon monoxide are not generated at the place of use, and in this way there is no risk of explosion and poisoning, and therefore it is environmentally friendly and safe. It can be installed quickly and inexpensively. Its operation is very efficient, it can be used widely, and the maintenance requirements of the device are minimized. In contrast to known technical solutions, the solution of the present invention can save a significant amount of fossil energy for generating thermal energy. It is suitable for any kind of device required to generate thermal energy and is used for heating or cooling.

For example,

a) It can be used in houses, villas, offices, industrial facilities, hotels, shopping malls with radiators and furnaces for heating caravans with radiators.

b) It can be used to heat pools, water parks, electric vehicle heating systems, greenhouses, livestock farms, and ship heating systems.

c) It can be used for hot water supply.

d) It can be used for absorption cooling technology, refrigerators, air conditioners, refrigeration houses, industrial refrigerators.

Claims (11)

Said heating element (1) operated by alternating current for heating an external medium (2) surrounding the heating element (1), said heating element (1) being closed or having one or more openings (3) ) and at least two electrodes ( 5 ) insulated from each other and from the housing ( 3 ) by an insulating element ( 4 ), wherein the housing ( 3 ) of the heating element ( 1 ) has an internal medium ( 6 ) comprising charged ions ), the inner medium 6 being the same as the outer medium 2 in the case of an open housing 3 and the outer medium 6 in the case of a closed housing 3 The same as or different from 2), wherein the electrode 5 has a polygonal or three-dimensional curved cross-section, and the electrode 5 has its longitudinal axes 8 each having the shape of an exponential curve from each other. divergent, or such that the electrodes 5 are formed as part of a sheath of a rotating body, wherein the line of origin of the rotating body is formed as an exponential curve each diverging from its axis of rotation. installed, 1000-60000 Hz of duty factor modulated alternating voltage with an amplitude of up to 1000 V is connected to the electrode 5, the required value of the frequency and the amplitude of the alternating voltage as well as the size of the electrode are at the resonance frequency A heating element operated by alternating current, which is determined in a known manner for actuating the housing (3) of the heating element (1) with a furnace. The method of claim 1,
wherein the outer medium (2) is a fluid or homogeneous gel or solid material, and the inner medium (6) is a highly heat-conducting and heat-transferring fluid or a homogeneous gel or solid material. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The housing 3 is any rotating body or tube, and the material of the housing is chemically resistant to the inner medium 6 and the outer medium 2 and has high thermal conductivity and radio frequency shielding ability, or a metal , plastic or multi-layered plastic, heating element operated by alternating current. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
the insulating element (4) is hermetically fixed to the housing (3) and made of a solid material chemically resistant to the medium, through which a temperature reference signal sensor (20) passes through the insulating element (4); A heating element operated by alternating current. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The housing (3) has a circular, polygonal or cross-section with ribs, the ribs being corrugated or angled teeth. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
wherein the electrode (5) is formed of a resilient, highly conductive sheet metal chemically resistant to the medium (2, 6). A heat generator (43) operated by alternating current comprising a heating element (1) and an electronic control device (9) in contact with a heat transfer medium, ie an external medium (2), said heating element (1) being an open hollow body or at least two electrodes (5) insulated from the housing (3) and each other by means of an insulating element (4) and a housing (3) formed as a closed hollow body, the electronic control device (9) energized a unit (10), a central unit (11) and a strong current switch unit (12), wherein the power output (13) of the power supply unit (10) is connected to the strong current switch unit (12), and the power The frequency output 14 of the supply unit 10 is connected to the central unit 11 , the output 15 of the strong current switch unit 12 is connected to the heating element 1 , and the heating element ( The housing 3 of 1) is a cavity resonator containing an inner medium 6 containing charged ions, the inner medium 6 being the same as the outer medium 2 in the case of an open housing 3 and , which is the same as or different from the external medium 2 in the case of a closed housing 3, the electrode 5 has a polygonal or three-dimensional curved cross section, and the electrode 5 has an exponential curve shape, respectively. part of the sheath of a rotating body, such that the electrodes 5 are formed as exponential curves in which the lines of origin of the rotating body each diverge from their own axis of rotation, such that their longitudinal axes 8 with 1000-60000 Hz of a duty factor modulated alternating voltage, installed in the housing 3, with an amplitude of up to 1000 V, connected to the electrode 5, the required value of the frequency of the alternating voltage and the The amplitude of the alternating voltage as well as the size of the electrodes are determined in a known manner for operating the housing 3 of the heating element 1 at a resonant frequency, the central unit 11 of the electronic control device 9 being Consisting of a modulation thermator 17 and a fundamental frequency generator 18 , the fundamental frequency generator 18 uses an automatic frequency comparator unit 19 . It is essentially a square wave generator with one of the input signals of the comparator unit 19 being the fundamental frequency signal of the fundamental frequency generator 18 and the other input signal being a temperature reference signal fed back from the heating element 1 . the signal of the sensor 20, the output signal 21 of the fundamental frequency generator 18 is a square wave substantially corresponding to the resonant frequency, and the output signal 21 of the fundamental frequency generator 18 is the modulation connected to the first input 22 of the thermator 17 , and the frequency output 14 of the power supply unit 10 is connected to the second input of the modulation thermator 17 of the central unit 11 ( 23) and the output (24) of the modulation thermator (17) is connected to the control input (25) of the strong current switch unit (12). 8. The method of claim 7,
wherein the external medium (2) is a fluid or a gel or solid material. 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8,
The central unit (11) comprises a control unit (16) for operating the modulation thermator (17) and the fundamental frequency generator (18), the control unit (16) also comprising: actuates a current sensing and control circuit 26 for sensing and controlling the current and a temperature sensing and control circuit 27 for sensing and controlling the temperature of the heating element 1; A first input 28 is connected to a current output 29 of the heating element 1 , and a first output 30 of the current sensing and control circuit 26 is the current of the strong current switch unit 12 . connected to the input 31 , the second output 32 of the current sensing and control circuit 26 is connected to the third input 33 of the modulation thermator 17 , and the current sensing and control circuit 26 A third output 34 of is connected to the current input 35 of the fundamental frequency generator 18 and the input 36 of the temperature sensing and control circuit 27 is the temperature output of the heating element 1 37), a first output 38 of the temperature sensing and control circuit 27 is connected to a second input 39 of the current sensing and control circuit 26, and the temperature sensing and control circuit 27 The second output (40) of 27) is connected to the temperature input (41) of the strong current switch unit (12). 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8,
A heat generator operated by alternating current, wherein an overheat protection circuit (42) is connected between the heating element (1) and the strong current switch unit (12). 10. The method of claim 9,
The control unit (16) is a microprocessor circuit, a heat generator operated by alternating current.

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