KR102330032B1 - Ramping Inserts and High Feed Milling Tool Assemblies - Google Patents

Abstract

A high feed milling tool assembly includes a tool and a ramping insert. The ramping insert includes ramping, transport and side sub-edges. The ramping and conveying sub-edge is longer than the side sub-edge. Also, the ramping and transporting sub-edges converge as they all approach the connected side sub-edges.

Description

Ramping Inserts and High Feed Milling Tool Assemblies

The subject of this application is a high feed milling tool assembly comprising tools and inserts for ramping and high feed metalworking operations. More particularly, the present invention relates to a ramping insert configured to be indexed on a tool in exactly four operating positions (two indexable positions per rake surface).

High feed milling assemblies generally have a structure designed to perform shouldering operations within a chip load range of 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The combination of a suitable chip load and a load acting primarily in the axial direction allows the assembly to achieve relatively high tool feed rates.

For example, document US2005/0111925A1 discloses a high feed milling tool. Attention is drawn to the description of how an appropriate depth of cut is compensated for by the approach angle K′ shown in FIG. 9 and increased (ie, high feed) tool feedrate (paragraph [0051] of FIG. 11). The ramping operation is described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14 in paragraph [0056]. The insert is also described as being indexable in four different positions (paragraph [0058]). It is also noted that, to provide the desired clearance, the disclosed insert has a non-parallel peripheral surface extending from the top side 15 to the bottom side 16 . Another feature disclosed is to provide a chamfered surface 35 for the gap (FIG. 5, paragraph [0047]).

Document WO 2014/156225 discloses another milling tool and a cutting insert of interest. However, as best understood from at least FIG. 16 , the cutting inserts and insert pockets shown differ significantly from those described below.

Document US 2013/0129432 discloses a cutting insert mounted in a cutter body for face milling and ramping. According to the authors of this publication, the inherent axial and radial direction of a standard negative square cutting insert allowing alternating high-feed face milling and ramping with the relief of the insert without changing the position of the cutting insert within the cutter body. The position cannot be determined, but this is not the case with positive inserts with natural relief (paragraph [0006]). In addition, published inserts are configured to be indexable in a number of different locations.

In general, a cutting insert that can be indexed into a higher number of positions is more cost effective than a cutting insert that is configured to be indexed into a smaller number of positions. Nevertheless, it is constructed only for the four indexable positions and arguably requires complex tools to provide the necessary clearance but can be manufactured relatively simply and still perform ramping and high-feed operations. A ramping insert according to the subject matter of the present invention may compete with a cutting insert with a greater number of indexable positions or a tool with a simpler design.

According to a first aspect related to the subject matter of the present application, there is provided, comprising: opposing first and second rake surfaces; an insert peripheral surface connecting the first and second rake surfaces; an insert screw hole opening toward opposite sides of the insert peripheral surface, the insert screw hole having an insert screw hole axis; first and second cutting edges extending along the intersection of the insert peripheral surface and a corresponding one of the first and second rake surfaces, each of the first and second cutting edges comprising: a first ramping sub edge; a first side sub-edge; a first transfer sub-edge connected to the first ramping sub-edge and the first side sub-edge; a second ramping sub-edge connected to the first side sub-edge; a second side sub-edge connected to the first ramping sub-edge; a second transfer sub-edge connected to the second ramping sub-edge and the second side sub-edge; each of the ramping and conveying sub-edges is longer than each of the side sub-edges; The maximum rake surface length of each rake surface is measurable between the first and second side sub-edges of the rake surface; Each of the ramping and transporting sub-edges converges as the sub-edges are all connected as they approach the side sub-edge.

According to another aspect of the subject matter of the present application, there is provided a ramping insert comprising a ramping and transport sub-edge, the sub-edges converge as they all approach the side sub-edges to which they are connected.

According to another aspect of the subject matter of the present application, a ramping insert comprises two ramping sub-edges, two conveying sub-edges and two side sub-edges on each of two opposing rake surfaces of the ramping insert; Each ramping and conveying sub-edge is longer than each side sub-edge.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the first and second rake surfaces facing; insert peripheral surface; first and second cutting edges extending along the intersection of the insert peripheral surface and a corresponding one of the first and second rake surfaces; A ramping insert is provided comprising an insert screw hole opening toward opposite sides of the insert peripheral surface, the insert peripheral surface comprising: a first ramping sub-surface; a sub-surface of the first side; a first transfer sub-surface connected to the first ramping sub-surface and the first side sub-surface; a second ramping sub-surface connected to the first side sub-surface; a second side sub-surface connected to the first ramping sub-surface; and a second transfer sub-surface coupled to the second ramping sub-surface and the second side sub-surface.

According to another aspect of the present subject matter, there is provided a ramping insert comprising a ramping sub-edge and a transfer sub-edge; the ramping sub-edge includes a sharp ramping angle at its end adjacent the transfer sub-edge; The conveying sub-edge includes a sharp conveying corner portion at its end adjacent the conveying sub-edge.

In other words, according to any one of the above aspects, the ramping and feeding sub-edges of the ramping insert may be connected via two adjacent sharp corner portions.

According to yet another aspect, there is provided a high feed milling tool defining a fore-and-aft direction about an axis of rotation in a direction of rotation, the high feed milling tool comprising an insert pocket, the insert pocket in turn comprising first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces an upper surface; a first pocket upper sub-surface adjacent the tool peripheral surface and extending further forward as the proximity increases; A second pocket upper sub-surface adjoins the pocket side surface and increases adjacent thereto to further extend in a forward direction.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high feed milling tool configured to rotate about a fore-and-aft direction about an axis of rotation in a rotational direction, the tool comprising: a tool cross-section and a circumferentially extending tool perimeter surface extending rearwardly therefrom; a groove extending rearwardly at the intersection of the tool tip surface and the tool peripheral surface; and an insertion pocket formed at the intersection of the tool distal surface and the tool peripheral surface open to the flute, the pocket back surface extending inwardly from the tool peripheral surface and facing the rotational direction; an outwardly facing pocket side surface extending from the back of the pocket into the groove; a pocket upper surface extending inwardly from the tool peripheral surface to the pocket side surface and extending from the pocket rear surface into the groove; a pocket screw hole that opens into the pocket upper surface; the pocket back includes a rear abutment surface; the pocket upper surface includes first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces; the sub-surface above the first pocket adjoins the tool peripheral surface and increases adjacent thereto to further extend in a forward direction; the second pocket upper sub-surface is adjacent the pocket-side surface and extends further in the forward direction with increasing proximity to the pocket-side surface; The first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces extend further in the forward direction as they increase proximate the flute.

According to another aspect, in combination, a ramping insert according to the first aspect; Tools that can be according to previous aspects; a screw securing the ramping insert to the insert pocket of the tool through the insert and pocket screw holes; The tool and ramping insert may include: a pocket side surface and an insertion peripheral surface of each of the first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces; One of the first and second rake surfaces has a pocket back surface.

According to another side, there is provided a high feed milling tool assembly comprising in combination a tool according to one of the tool sides and a cutting insert according to one of the cutting insert sides.

It will be understood that the foregoing description is summary, and that any of the above aspects may further include any of the following features. In particular, the following functions are applicable to all sides above, alone or in combination.

A. The insert may include first and second cutting edges extending along the intersection of the insert peripheral surface and a corresponding one of the first and second rake surfaces.

B. The first and second cutting edges may extend more than the first and second rake surfaces from the mid-height plane. The transfer sub-edge may extend further than the ramping sub-edge from the mid-height plane at least at the connection point with the side sub-edge and the ramping sub-edge at the connection point of the side sub-edge and the ramping sub-edge. Each transfer sub-edge may lie in a single plane perpendicular to the mid-height plane. Each ramping sub-edge may be slanted so that it extends closer to the mid-height plane as each ramping sub-edge is proximal to the point of connection with the side sub-edge. This bevel strengthens the side sub-edge by reducing the relatively high rake angle that can be formed there, and thus improves the machining capability of the side sub-edge.

C. The first and second cutting edges may each have a negative land angle α (ie, slope downward inwardly from each cutting edge of the insert to the associated rake surface of the insert). Negative lands are believed to be advantageous, at least for high feed shouldering operations.

D. The insert may comprise opposing first and second rake surfaces.

E. Each rake surface may include a rake adjacent surface. Each rake abutting surface may include first and second rake abutting sub-surfaces respectively located on opposite sides of the mid-length surface. Each rake adjacent sub-surface may be sloped to extend greater from the mid-height plane as it approaches the mid-length plane.

F. The rake surface of the insert may be the same.

G. The first and second rake surfaces may be free of protrusions. In particular, the protrusions may impede chip flow. The first and second rake surfaces may each include an intermediate rake surface area that may be planar.

H. The insert may include an insert peripheral surface. The insert peripheral surface may connect the first and second rake surfaces of the insert.

I. The insert peripheral surface comprises: a first ramping sub-surface; a first side sub-surface; a first transfer sub-surface connected to the first ramping sub-surface and the first side sub-surface; a second ramping sub-surface connected to the first side sub-surface; a second side sub-surface connected to the first ramping sub-surface; and a second transfer sub-surface coupled to the second ramping sub-surface and the second side sub-surface.

J. The insert peripheral surface may extend parallel from the first cutting edge to the second cutting edge. Without an inclined gap surface (such as gap surface "22" as disclosed in document 2005/0111925A1, for example), providing a gap for an insert can result in a more complex tool design. Nevertheless, it is believed that this design may provide for a simpler insert manufacturing process, eg, the insert may be pressed to final dimensions, which is believed to offset known disadvantages.

K. The surface around the insert may have no relief. Without a relief portion (such as, for example, the chamfered surface "35" disclosed in document 2005/0111925A1), providing a clearance (ClearanCe) for the insert may result in a more complex tool design. Nevertheless, it is believed that such a design may result in a simpler insert manufacturing process and, for example, the insert may be pressed to final dimensions, thus offsetting known disadvantages.

L. The insert may include an insert threaded hole that opens toward opposite sides of the insert peripheral surface. The insert screw hole may open to sub-surfaces of the insert peripheral surface that are inclined relative to each other on each side of the insert peripheral surface. The insert threaded holes on each side of the insert peripheral surface may open into both ramping and conveying sub-surfaces. The insert screw hole may open into the first ramping and transfer sub-surface as well as the second ramping and transfer sub-surface. The insert screw holes may be arranged equally spaced from the side sub-surface. The insert threaded holes may be arranged equally spaced from the rake surface. The insert screw hole may have an insert screw hole axis. The insert screw hole axis may be arranged (or included) along the mid-thickness plane and may be perpendicular to the mid-length plane. The screw hole thickness may increase closer to each of the first and second rake surfaces.

M. Each cutting edge has a first ramping sub-edge; a first side sub-edge; a first transfer sub-edge connected to the first ramping sub-edge and the first side sub-edge; a second ramping sub-edge connected to the first side sub-edge; a second side sub-edge connected to the first ramping sub-edge; and a second transfer sub-edge connected to the second ramping sub-edge and the second side sub-edge.

N. Each ramping sub-edge may be longer than each side sub-edge. Although it is logical that the ramping sub-edge is smaller than the other sub-edges of the insert, certainly compared to the first shouldering operation, the relatively long ramping sub-edge makes insert manufacturing difficult, since the ramping operation only occurs over a small percentage of the total machining time. Some complicating gap problems can be overcome.

O. Each transfer sub-edge may be longer than each side sub-edge. As a result, the efficiency of the primary milling operation, that is, shouldering using the transfer sub-edge can be increased.

P. Each transfer sub-edge may be longer than each ramping sub-edge. Therefore, the efficiency of the primary milling operation, that is, shouldering using the transfer sub-edge can be increased. The straight portion of the ramping sub-edge may have a length of 70%±15% of the length of the straight portion of the adjacent conveying sub-edge.

Q. Each ramping and transporting sub-edge may converge as it approaches the side sub-edge to which all of the sub-edges are connected.

R. Each ramping sub-edge of the rake surface may define an insert ramping angle k0 of an internal acute angle with the mid-length plane. The insert ramping angle k0 may satisfy the condition (5° ≤ k0 ≤ 30°). The insert ramping angle k0 preferably satisfies the condition of the condition (15°±5°). The sub-surface of the insert peripheral surface adjacent the ramping sub-edge may be oriented at the same angle as the ramping sub-edge.

S. Each conveying sub-edge of the rake surface, together with the mid-length plane, may form an internal steep insert access angle k1. The insert approach angle k1 may satisfy the condition (5° ≤ k1 ≤ 30°). The insert approach angle k1 preferably satisfies the condition of (15°±5°). The sub-surface of the insert peripheral surface adjacent the transfer sub-edge may be oriented at the same angle as the transfer sub-edge.

T. The insert ramping angle k0 and the insert approach angle k1 may be the same. However, in certain circumstances, for example. For inserts configured for relatively small diameter tools, the insert approach angle k1 may be greater than the insert ramping angle ko. Thus, an allowable depth (and hence the feed rate) can be achieved even if the ramping function efficiency is reduced.

U. The ramping insert may include a first interior angle (R2) formed between the straight extension and an adjacent first ramping sub-edge and a second interior angle (R1) formed between the straight extension and an adjacent first transfer sub-edge have. The first interior angle R2 may not be equal to the second interior angle R1 . Preferably, the first interior angle R2 is greater than the second interior angle R1.

V. Each side sub-edge may be bisected by a mid-length plane.

W. Each side sub-edge may include a straight portion. Unless otherwise noted, a “straight portion” with respect to any sub-edge refers to the drawing facing the rake surface (eg, as shown in FIG. 2C ). It is believed that side sub-edges with straight portions can provide significantly longer machining tool life than curved side sub-edges. The straight portion may be between 45±20% of the total side sub-edge length. Generally, "total" as used in reference to sub-edge length includes the corner portion on both sides of the sub-edge (up to the point of junction with an adjacent sub-edge) and the remainder of the sub-edge between them.

X. The straight portions of the side sub-edges of the same rake surface may be parallel to each other. The straight portions of the side sub-edges on the first and second rake surfaces may be parallel to each other. The straight portion of the side sub-edge on the rake surface can only be parallel to the straight portion of the same rake surface.

Y. The sub-surface of the insert peripheral surface adjacent the side sub-edge may be oriented at the same angle as the side sub-edge. The straight portion of the side sub-edge may have a length that is 15%±5% of the maximum thickness of the insert measurable parallel to the mid-thickness plane and parallel to the insert screw hole axis.

Z. The straight portion of the side sub-edge may have a length that is 13%±5% of the total length of the ramping sub-edge. The straight portion of the side sub-edge may have a length that is 13%±5% of the total length of the conveying sub-edge.

AA. Each side sub-edge may include a corner portion at each end of the side sub-edge.

BB. Each ramping sub edge may include a straight portion. The straight portions of the ramping sub-edge on the same rake surface may be parallel to each other. The straight portions of all ramping sub-edges of the insert may be parallel to each other. The straight portion may be 85% ± 5% of the total ramping sub-edge length.

CC. Each ramping sub-edge may include a corner portion at each end of the ramping sub-edge.

DD. Each conveying sub-edge may include a straight portion. The straight portions of the transfer sub-edge on the same rake surface may be parallel to each other. The straight portions of all conveying sub-edges of the insert may be parallel to each other. The straight portion may be 85% ± 5% of the total transport sub-edge length.

EE. Each transfer sub-edge may include a corner portion at each end of the transfer sub-edge.

FF. The straight portions of the ramping and conveying sub-edge may have the same length.

GG. The corner portion of the sub-edge may preferably be curved. Although the corners of the curve may be less precise than sharp or chamfered edges, the curvature of the curve may allow for a simplified manufacturing process.

HH. The connection point between adjacent edges may be located at the center of a corner formed by adjacent edge portions of the adjacent edges. For example, each ramping sub-edge may include a corner portion, each conveying sub-edge including a corner portion adjacent to a corner portion of the ramping sub-edge, and a corner adjacent to the junction of the ramping sub-edge and the conveying sub-edge. Located in the middle of the corner formed by the part. In general, the ramping and conveying sub-edges may be connected to a centrally located junction of the corners formed by adjacent corner portions. Similarly, the ramping and side sub-edges may be connected at a junction located at the center of the corner formed by adjacent corner portions. Similarly, the transport and side sub-edges may be connected at a junction located at the center of the corner formed by adjacent corner portions.

II. The connecting points of adjacent ramping and conveying sub-edges may all lie in the mid-thickness plane. The connecting points of the adjacent ramping and conveying sub-edges may be arranged on the other side of the intermediate thickness plane.

JJ. The connecting points of adjacent ramping and conveying sub-edges may all lie in a plane parallel to the mid-thickness plane.

K.K. The intermediate thickness plane may include a rake axis and an insert screw hole axis and may bisect the first and second rake surfaces.

LL. The mid-length plane may bisect the first and second rake surfaces and may extend perpendicular to the mid-thickness plane.

MM. The mid-height plane may be intermediate between the first and second rake surfaces and may extend perpendicular to the mid-thickness plane and the mid-length plane.

NN. The maximum thickness of the insert may be between the joint points of adjacent ramping and conveying sub-edges.

OO. The maximum thickness of the insert can be measured parallel to the axis of the insert screw hole.

PP. A maximum rake surface length over each rake surface may be measured between the first and second side sub-edges. A length parallel to the mid-length plane and measurable between the first and second side sub-edges may be greater than any other measurable length along the rake surface between the other sub-edges.

QQ. The longitudinal rake surface length (LLR) on each rake surface can be measured parallel to the mid-length plane. The longitudinal rake surface length (LLR) may be greater than the maximum measurable thickness (TM) perpendicular to the mid-length plane. Preferably, the longitudinal rake surface length (LLR) satisfies the condition (2.3 TM ± 0.5 TM).

RR. The longitudinal rake surface length LLR above each rake surface may be greater than the _{maximum measurable height H M parallel to the height plane.} Preferably, the maximum length satisfies the _{condition (1.5H M} ±0.3H _{M ).}

SS. The rake axis may extend through the centers of the first and second rake surfaces.

TT. The insert may have a maximum measurable height parallel to the rake axis.

UU. The insert may have a maximum measurable thickness parallel to the mid-thickness plane.

VV. The maximum height of the insert may be greater than the maximum thickness of the insert.

WW. The insert is 180° rotationally symmetric about the rake axis extending through the center of the first and second rake surfaces and/or 180° relative to the insert screw hole axis perpendicular to the rake axis and extending along the intersection of the intermediate thickness and height planes. It may be rotationally symmetric. The insert may be 180° rotationally symmetric about a height axis perpendicular to the rake axis and extending along the intersection of the intermediate thickness and height planes.

XX. Each ramping sub-edge may include a sharp ramping corner portion, the sharp ramping corner portion being a corner portion of the ramping sub-edge closest to the conveying sub-edge.

YY. Each conveying sub-edge may include a sharp conveying corner portion adjacent the sharp ramping corner portion.

ZZ. A straight extension may be formed between the discontinuities of the sharp ramping and conveying corner portions. The straight extension may have a length of between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm. Preferably, the straight extension may have a length of less than 0.75 mm. The straight extension may have a length less than one quarter the length of the straight portion of the conveying sub-edge. Preferably, the straight extension has a length of less than one-sixth the length of the straight part of the conveying sub-edge.

AAA. The first and second cutting edges may each be arranged in a plane. This will be understood to mean that each of the first and second cutting edges is arranged in a different plane, although it is preferred that the different planes can be parallel to each other.

BBB. The tool may be configured to rotate in a direction of rotation about an axis of rotation, the direction of rotation defining forward and backward directions.

CCC. The tool may include a tool end surface and a circumferentially extending tool peripheral surface extending rearwardly from the tool end surface.

DDD. A groove may be formed at the intersection of the tool end surface and the tool peripheral surface and may extend rearwardly from the intersection.

EEE. The insert pocket may be formed at the intersection of the tool end surface and the tool peripheral surface. The insert pocket may open towards the groove.

FFF. The insert pocket may include a pocket side surface. The pocket side surface may extend from the pocket back surface to the recess. The pocket side surface may extend from the pocket top surface to the recess. The pocket side surface may face outward.

GGG. The pocket side surface may include a side adjacent sub-surface. The side proximal surface may extend perpendicular to a tool plane that extends perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

HHH. The insert pocket may include a pocket rear surface. The pocket rear surface may extend inwardly from the tool peripheral surface. The pocket rear surface may face a direction of rotation.

III. The pocket rear surface may include a rear adjacent surface. The posterior abutment surface may be formed having a posterior surface relief recess that divides into two posterior abutment surfaces. This division can reduce the contact area with the cutting insert, but can accommodate less precisely manufactured inserts, thus simplifying insert manufacturing. The rear proximal surface may be located axially along the lower half of the insert pocket (ie, the half of the insert pocket closest to the tool end surface).

JJJ. The rear abutting surface or sub-surface may be inclined relative to the pocket screw hole axis such that the rear abutting sub-surface extends further in the rotational direction as it approaches the tool end surface.

KKK. The insert pocket may include a pocket top surface. The pocket top surface may extend inwardly from the tool peripheral surface to the pocket side surface. The pocket upper surface may extend from the pocket rear surface to the recess.

LLL. The pocket upper surface may include first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces.

MMM. The first pocket upper sub-surface may be adjacent the tool peripheral surface and may extend further in a forward direction as it approaches the tool peripheral surface.

NNN. The second pocket upper sub-surface may be adjacent the pocket side surface and may extend further in a forward direction as it approaches the pocket side surface.

OOO. Both the first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces may extend further in a forward direction as they proximate the recess. This extension is less desirable for machining, but it is believed to be offset by the possibility of making simpler inserts.

PPP. The insert pocket may include a pocket screw hole. The pocket screw hole may open towards the pocket upper surface.

QQQ. The assembly may include a tool, an insert, and a screw configured to secure the insert to an insert pocket of the tool.

RRR. The assembly may include multiple ramping inserts.

SSS. The tool and ramping insert are configured to abut a pocket side surface and first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces of the tool abut an insert peripheral surface of the ramping insert and attach one of the first and second rake surfaces of the ramping insert to a pocket rear surface of the tool. It may be configured to be adjacent to The ramping insert is configured to be indexable such that another portion of the insert peripheral surface abuts the pocket side surface and the first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces of the tool. The ramping insert is also configured to be reversible so that the other rake surface contacts the pocket rear surface of the tool (also indexed into the reversing position). The tool and/or ramping insert may be configured to secure the ramping insert to the insert pocket at exactly four different positions.

TTT. Considering the pocket rear surface of the tool in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation, the first pocket upper sub-surface may define an acute angle tool angle k2 therein by the tool plane extending perpendicular to the direction of rotation, the second The pocket upper sub-surface may form an internal acute second tool angle k3 together with the tool plane. The first and second tool angles may satisfy the condition (6° ≤ k2, k3 ≤ 31°). It is believed that better performance can be obtained with an approach angle closer to 15.5°. Accordingly, the first and second tool angles preferably satisfy the condition (15.5°±5°).

UUU. The first and second tool angles k2, k3 may be equal.

VVV. The first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces may extend the same radial distance. "Radial direction" is used only in its general sense and refers to the general inward-outward direction of the tool (in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tool) as understood from the drawings, and is not necessarily directed exactly toward the axis of rotation.

WWW. The pocket upper surface may be formed with an upper surface relief recess between the first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces. Having a top surface relief groove between the first and second pocket top sub-surfaces can reduce the contact area with the cutting insert, but can accommodate less precisely manufactured inserts, thereby simplifying insert manufacturing.

XXX. The tool may include (n) insert pockets. The insert pockets may be equally spaced circumferentially along the tool peripheral surface. The insert pocket may be identical. The number of insert pockets in the tool (n) may be the nearest integer divided by the cutting diameter of the tool, measured in millimeters, by 10.

YYY. The sum of the first and second tool approach angles k2,k3 may be greater than the sum of the insert ramping and approach angles k0,k1. Although this reduces the contact area between the insert and the tool, it is believed that this disadvantage is offset by enabling a simpler insert manufacturing process.

ZZZ. The tool assembly is preferably configured for a depth of cut (a _P ) that satisfies the condition (1 mm ≤ a _{P ≤ 2.5 mm).} It is believed that better performance can be achieved with a depth of cut a _{P close to 1.85 mm.} Therefore, the cutting depth (a _P ) preferably satisfies the condition of 1.85 mm ± 0.5 mm). A _{preferred ratio of a P} and length satisfies the condition (1:15 to 1:6).

In the description above and below, values following a range using the symbol "±" should be regarded as optimal values, and values in a range closer to the optimal value are more preferred than values further away.

It will be understood that all inserts mentioned in this specification and claims are ramping inserts, and that "insert" is often described without the preceding word "ramping" for the sake of brevity. Likewise, the word "high feed milling tool" can only appear as an abbreviation of the word "tool".

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Reference is made to the accompanying drawings to better understand the subject matter of the present application and to indicate how it may be practiced.
1A is a perspective view of a tool assembly;
1B is an end view of the assembly of FIG. 1A;
1C is a side view of the assembly of FIGS. 1A and 1B , perpendicular to the rake surface of the ramping insert (ie, along the rake axis of the insert) in the right corner of the drawing;
Fig. 1D is a side view of the assembly shown in Figs. 1A-1C, rotated from Fig. 1C to be perpendicular to the side sub-surface of the ramping insert at the center of the view;
2A is a top view of the ramping insert of the face mill of FIGS. 1A-1D ;
Fig. 2B is a side view of the ramping insert of Fig. 2A;
Fig. 2C is a front view of the ramping insert of Figs. 2A and 2B;
It may also be considered a view perpendicular to the rake surface (ie along the rake axis).
Fig. 2D is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2D-2D of Fig. 2A;
Fig. 2E is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2E-2E of Fig. 2A;
3A is a diagram illustrating a portion of the assembly of FIG. 1C.
Fig. 3B is a view corresponding to that of Fig. 3A, but showing only the tool.
Fig. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3C-3C of Fig. 3A;
Fig. 3D is a perspective view of an insert pocket of the tool shown in Fig. 3B;
4A is a side view of the assembly of FIGS. 1A-1D performing a shouldering operation on a workpiece (ie, removing material from a major surface but not in an adjacent step).
4B is a side view of the assembly of FIGS. 1A-1D performing a combined shouldering and facing operation on a workpiece (ie, removing material from the major surface and adjacent steps);
Fig. 4C is a side view of the assembly of Figs. 1A-1D performing a ramping operation on a partially shown major surface of a workpiece;
Fig. 4D is a side view of the assembly of Figs. 1A-1D performing a plunging operation on a workpiece (not showing the chip unlike Figs. 4A-4D);
5A is a plan view of another embodiment of a ramping insert;
Fig. 5B is a side view of the inclined insert portion of Fig. 5A;
5C is a front view of the ramping insert of FIGS. 5A and 5B , which may be considered a view perpendicular to the rake surface (ie along the rake axis).
FIG. 5D is a view similar to FIG. 5C except that the ramping insert is oriented relative to the workpiece surface in the working position.

Reference is made to FIGS. 1A and 1D , which show a high feed milling tool assembly 10 . The assembly 10 may include a tool 12 and ramping inserts 14 ( 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D, 14E) and screws 16 for securing each insert 14 to the tool 12 . have.

For a tool diameter D _T of 50 mm, the tool 12 may have five inserts 14 as shown.

The axis of rotation _AR may extend in the longitudinal direction through the center of the tool 12 , and may form a forward direction D _F and a rearward direction D _RE .

The tool 12 may be configured to rotate about an axis of rotation _{AR in a} direction of rotation D _{RO .}

1c shows a tool plane P _TL extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation _AR . The outward direction D _OR extends parallel to the tool plane P _TL and extends outwardly from the tool 12 . The inward direction D _IR extends parallel to the tool plane P _TL and extends inside the tool 12 . The inward and outward directions do not point exactly toward the axis of rotation _AR , but generally have directions towards and away from the center of the tool 12 .

2A-2E, the insert 14A will be described in more detail. The inserts shown may be identical and may be considered to have all of the following features with respect to the described insert 14A.

Insert 14A is for metalworking operations and may typically be made of a very hard and wear-resistant material such as cemented carbide. Preferably, the insert 14A can be pressed to its final dimensions.

The insert 14A may include opposing first and second rake surfaces 18A, 18B and an insert peripheral surface 20 connecting the first and second rake surfaces 18A, 18B.

Insert 14A may be formed with an insert threaded hole 22 that opens into opposite sides 24A, 24B ( FIG. 2E ) of insert peripheral surface 20 .

A first cutting edge 26A may extend along the intersection of the insert peripheral surface 20 and the first rake surface 18A.

The second cutting edge 26B may extend along the intersection of the insert peripheral surface 20 and the second rake surface 18B.

The first and second cutting edges 26A, 26B are identical and can be considered to have all of the following characteristics with respect to each other.

It can also be considered that the first and second rake surfaces 18A, 18B are identical and have all of the following characteristics with respect to each other.

The first cutting edge 26A includes a first ramping sub edge 28A1; a first side sub-edge 28B1; a first transfer sub-edge 28C1 connected to the first ramping sub-edge 28A1 and the first side sub-edge 28B1; a second ramping sub-edge 28A2 connected to the first side sub-edge 28B1; a second side sub-edge 28B2 connected to the first ramping sub-edge 28A1; and a second transfer sub-edge 28C2 connected to a second ramping sub-edge 28A2 and a second side sub-edge 28B2.

The first rake surface 18A may include lands 30 extending inwardly from the first cutting edge 26A.

A ramping portion 32 extending between the land 30 and the intermediate rake surface area 34 may be arranged further inside the land 30 .

As best shown in Figure 2C, the ramping and transporting sub-edges converge as the ramping and transporting sub-edges are both closer to the connected side sub-edges. For example, the first transfer sub-edge 28C1 is closer to the second ramping sub-edge 28A2 as it is closer to the first side sub-edge 28B1 .

Referring to FIG. 2D , insert 14A may include a rake axis A _K extending perpendicularly through the center of first and second rake surfaces 18A, 18B ( FIG. 2A ).

The intermediate longitudinal plane P _L may bisect the first and second rake surfaces 18A, 18B along the longitudinal direction. The mid-length plane P _L may bisect the side sub-edges 28B1 , 28B2 , 28B3 , 28B4 ( FIGS. 2A and 2C ).

The mid-thickness plane P _T may extend perpendicular to the mid-length plane P _L and may also bisect the first and second rake surfaces 18A, 18B.

Referring to FIG. 2A , the mid-height plane P _H may extend perpendicular to the mid-length and thickness planes P _L , P _T and may also bisect the insert 14A.

The height axis A _H may extend perpendicular to the rake axis A _K and may extend along the intersection of the intermediate thickness and height planes P _T , P _{H .}

Since the insert screw hole is located at the center of the insert 14A, the insert screw hole axis AS can be coaxial with the _{height axis A H .}

Insert 14A may be configured for two indexable positions. For example, insert 14A may be 180° rotationally symmetric about _{rake axis A K .}

Insert 14A is configured to be reversible, allowing two additional indexable positions. For example, insert 14A may also be 180° rotationally symmetric about screw hole axis AS and/or height axis A _{H .}

Referring to FIG. 2C , each ramping sub-edge 28A1 , 28A2 may include a straight portion 36S1 , 36S2 . Each ramping sub-edge 28A1 , 28A2 may include a pair of corner portions 36C1 , 36C2 , 36C3 , 36C4 connected to respective sides of the straight portions 36S1 , 36S2 .

Each side sub-edge 28B1 , 28B2 may include a straight portion 38S1 , 38S2 . Each side sub-edge 28B1 , 28B2 may include a pair of corner portions 38C1 , 38C2 , 38C3 , 38C4 connected to each side of the straight portions 38S1 , 38S2 .

Each transfer sub-edge 28C1 , 28C2 may include a straight portion 40S1 , 40S2 . Each ramping sub-edge 28C1 , 28C2 may include a pair of corner portions 40C1 , 40C2 , 40C3 , 40C4 connected to respective sides of the straight portions 40S1 , 40S2 .

Each of the straight segments 36S1, 36S2, 38S1, 38S2, 40S1, 40S2 has a discontinuity 42D1, 42D2, 42D3, 42D4, 44D1, 44D2, 44D3, 44D4, 46D1, 46D2, 46D3, 46D4, i.e. a different edge. It ends at a transitional position to extend in the direction. A straight section is generally straight, but may be slightly arcuate (at least for a theoretical straight line but significantly less arcuate than a corner section, then the discontinuity should be considered starting at a location where there is a visible change in direction or gradient) .

The straight portion 36S1 of the first ramping sub-edge 28A1 may have a length L _S1 .

The straight portion 38S1 of the first side sub-edge 28B1 may have a length L _S2 .

The straight portion 40S1 of the first transfer sub-edge 28C1 may have a length L _S3 .

Each sub-edge may transition to an adjacent sub-edge at a junction that bisects the corner formed by the adjacent corner portion. For example, the first transfer sub-edge 28C1 and the first side sub-edge 28B1 may be connected at the first connection point X1 . The first connection point X1 may be equidistant from the start points of the straight portions 40S1 and 38S1 of the first transfer sub-edge 28C1 and the first side sub-edge 28B1. Similarly, the first side sub-edge 28B1 and the second ramping sub-edge 28A2 may be connected at the second connection point X2 . The second ramping sub-edge 28A2 and the second transfer sub-edge 28C2 may be connected at the third connection point X3 . The second transfer sub-edge 28C2 and the second side sub-edge 28B2 may be connected at the fourth connection point X4 . The second side sub-edge 28B2 and the first ramping sub-edge 28A1 may be connected at the fifth connection point X5 . The first ramping sub-edge 28A1 and the first transfer sub-edge 28C1 may be connected at the sixth connection point X6 .

The total length of each sub-edge may be measured between the connecting points of the sub-edge. _{For example, the total length L O1} of the first ramping sub-edge 28A1 may be measured between its connection points X5 and X6 . _{The total length L O2} of the first side sub-edge may be measured between the connection points X1 and X2. _{The total length L O3} of the first transfer sub-edge may be measured between its connection points X6 and X1.

The straight portions of the first ramping and transporting sub-edges 36S1 and 40S1 may have the same lengths L _S1 and L _S3 . The total lengths of the ramping and conveying sub-edges L _O1 and L _O3 may be the same length.

A length of the second sub-edges 28A2 , 28B2 , and 28C2 may be the same as a length of each of the first sub-edges 28A1 , 28B1 , and 28C1 .

Straight portions of the first and second ramping sub-edges 28A1 and 28A2 may be parallel.

The straight portions of the first and second side sub-edges 28B1 and 28B2 may be parallel.

Straight portions of the first and second transfer sub-edges 28C1 and 28C2 may be parallel.

Both the third and sixth connection points X3 and X6 may lie on the _{intermediate thickness plane P T .}

The maximum thickness TM of the insert 14 is shown in FIG. 2B . The maximum thickness TM is measurable parallel to the _{mid-thickness plane P T .} For example, the maximum thickness may be measured between the third and sixth connection points X3 and X6.

Referring back to FIG. 2C, the maximum rake surface between the diametrically opposite ends (eg, 38C2, 38C4) of the straight portions 38S1, 38S2 of the first and second side sub-edges 28B1,28B2. The length (L _MR ) is shown.

Longitudinal rake surface length (L _LR) on each of the rake surface may be measured parallel to the longitudinal middle plane (P _L).

The maximum rake surface length (L _MR ) may be slightly greater than the longitudinal rake surface length (L _{LR ).} The longitudinal rake surface length L _LR can also have a length greater than any two other sub-edges of the first rake surface 18A (ie, not between both side sub-edges 28B1 , 28B2 ). have.

_{The maximum height H M} of the insert 14 is shown in FIG. 2B . The maximum height (H _M ) is measurable parallel to the rake axis (A _{K ).} For example, the maximum height is at point 48A (located at the intersection of the first cutting edge 26A and the mid-thickness plane P _T in the drawing) and the second cutting edge in the drawing, as shown in Figure 2A 26B) and the point 48B (located at the intersection of the _{intermediate thickness plane P T ).}

One design has been successfully tested have the following lengths: length of each side of the sub-portion side straight line portion (L _S2) may be in the 1mm, respectively, the total length (L _O2) may be 2.35mm. _{The length (L S1} , L _S3 ) of the straight portion of each ramping and conveying sub-edge may be 6.5 mm and each overall length (L _O1 , L _O3 ) may be 7.8 mm. The maximum thickness TM may be 6.35 mm. The maximum rake surface length (L _MR ) may be 15.13 mm. The longitudinal rake surface length (L _LR ) may be 15.10 mm. The maximum height H _M may be 9.5 mm.

It will be appreciated that inserts according to the subject matter of the present application may have different sizes. Nevertheless, the proportional length ratios for the illustrated inserts may be similar.

2A-2C , it will be appreciated that portions of the first cutting edge 26A may _{extend different sizes from the mid-height plane P H .} For reference, the distal plane being parallel to the mid-height plane _(H P) and extending along the upper end of the insert (14A) (P _E) is shown in Figure 2B.

The linear portion of the transfer sub-edge (28C1,28C2) (40S1, 40S2) may be extended in parallel to the terminal plane (P _E).

At the discontinuities 42D1 , 42D3 where the ramping sub-edges 28A1,28A2 transition from straight portions to corner portions, the first cutting edge 26A is located closest to the _{mid-height plane P H .} can do. The general path of the first cutting edge 26A may be as follows: As the first ramping sub-edge 28A1 extends from the discontinuity 42D1 to the sixth connection point X6, the first ramping sub-edge is in the middle It may extend further from the height plane P _{H .} The first transport sub-edge (28C1) from the contact point 6 (X6) to the discontinuity (46D2) may extend parallel to the end plane (P _E). When the first transfer sub-edge 28C1 begins to curve at the corner portion 40C2, until the first cutting edge 26A reaches the lower discontinuity 42D3 of the second ramping sub-edge 28A2. The first cutting edge may extend further towards the mid-height plane P _{H .} From the discontinuity point 42D3 , the first cutting edge 26A may _{again extend from the mid-height plane P H} until it reaches a third connection point X3 or the like ( FIG. 2C ).

As best shown in Figs. 2B and 2E, the land 30 may be formed at each end plane (P _E) and the land (α). The land angle α may be 6°±10°. These optional lands can help extend tool life for high feed operations.

The insert peripheral surface 20 includes a first ramping sub-surface 20A1; a first side sub-surface 20B1; a first transfer sub-surface 20C1 connected to the first ramping sub-surface 20A1 and the first side sub-surface 20B1; a second ramping sub-surface 20A2 (FIG. 2D) connected to the first side sub-surface 20B1; a second side sub-surface 20B2 connected to the first ramping sub-surface 20A1; a second ramping sub-surface 20A2 ( FIG. 2D ) and a second transfer sub-surface 20C2 connected to the second side sub-surface 20B2 .

A first ramping sub-surface 20A1 may extend between opposing ramping and transport sub-edges. More specifically, the first ramping sub-surface 20A1 may extend between the first ramping sub-surface 20A1 of the first cutting edge 26A and the opposite feed sub-edge 50C1 of the second cutting edge 26B. can Similarly, first transfer sub-surface 20C1 may extend between opposing ramping and transfer sub-edges 50A1,28C1. The designations “transfer sub-surface” and “ramping sub-surface” do not necessarily indicate a geometric difference. The second ramping and conveying surface extends similarly.

A first side sub-surface 20B1 may extend between opposite side sub-edges 28B1 , 28B3 . The second side sub-surface 20B2 may extend between the other side sub-edges 28B2 and 28B4.

Referring to FIG. 2C , the first ramping sub-edge 28A1 may form an insert ramping angle k0 together with the _{intermediate longitudinal plane P L .} The insert ramping angle k0 may be 15°.

The first transfer sub-edge 28C1 may form an insert approach angle k1 with the _{intermediate longitudinal plane P L .} The insert approach angle k1 may be 15°.

Referring also to FIG. 2C , the insert screw hole 22 may be partially open to each of the first and second ramping and conveying sub-surfaces 20A1 , 20A2 , 20C1 , 20C2 .

In the drawing of FIG. 2B , the minimum screw hole thickness T _S1 of the insert screw hole 22 is shown. The screw hole thickness may increase up to a maximum screw hole thickness TS2 as it approaches each of the first and second rake surfaces 18A, 18B.

Referring again to FIG. 2D , the insert screw hole 22 may have a central constricted portion 52 that increases in diameter as it approaches the insert peripheral surface 20 . More precisely, conical threaded proximal surfaces 54A, 54B may be positioned between the central constricted portion 52 and the insert peripheral surface 20 .

Referring to FIG. 2E , each rake surface 18A, 18B may include a respective rake adjacent surface 56A, 56B. Each rake abutting surface 56A, 56B may include first and second rake abutting sub-surfaces 56A1 , 56A2 , 56B1 , 56B2 located on opposite sides _{of the mid-length plane P L .}

Each rake adjacent sub-surface may be inclined to form a larger extension from the mid-height plane P _{H as it approaches the mid-length plane P H .} For example, the first rake adjacent sub-surface 56A1 on the first rake surface 18A has _{a first random location 58A proximate to the mid-length plane P L} and a second random location 58B away from it. is shown to be As shown, the first location 58A is located further away from the _{mid-height plane P H than the second location 58B.}

Referring to FIG. 3B , the tool 12 may include a tool end surface 60 and a tool peripheral surface 62 extending rearwardly therefrom and extending in a circumferential direction.

The tool 12 may further include a groove 64 formed at the intersection of the tool end surface 60 and the tool peripheral surface 62 and extending rearwardly therefrom.

The tool 12 may further include an insert pocket 66 formed at the intersection of the tool end surface 60 and the tool peripheral surface 62 and opening into a groove 64 .

Since the insert pockets 66 of the tool 12 may all be identical, reference will be made to the insert pockets 66 shown in FIG. 3B which show the same features in different drawings.

Referring also to FIG. 3D , the insert pocket 66 is threaded open towards the pocket side surface 68 , the pocket back surface 70 , the pocket top surface 72 and the pocket top surface 72 . It may include a screw hole 73 .

Referring to the direction of FIG. 1B , the pocket rear surface 70 extends inwardly (ie, in an inward direction D _IR ) from the tool peripheral surface 62 and faces a direction of rotation D _RO ( FIG. 1B ). ; The pocket side surface 68 extends from the pocket rear surface 70 to the groove 64 and faces outward (ie in an outward direction D _OR ). The pocket top surface 72 extends inwardly (ie, in the inward direction D _IR ) from the tool peripheral surface 62 to the pocket side surface 68 and from the pocket rear surface 70 to the groove 64 ( That is, in the direction of rotation (D _RO )).

Pocket side surface 68 may include side adjacent sub-surface 68A. The lateral proximal sub-surface 68A may _{extend perpendicular to the tool plane P TL} ( FIG. 1C ).

The pocket rear surface 70 may include a rear abutment surface 70A.

The posterior abutting surface 70A may be formed with a posterior surface relief recess 70B that divides the posterior abutting surface 70A into two posterior abutting sub-surfaces 70C, 70D.

Referring also to FIG. 3C , the rear proximal surface 70A extends perpendicular to the lower half of the insert pocket 66 (eg, the pocket screw hole axis A _B ) and is at its highest point, such as the top surface. It can be located axially along _{the bisector plane (P B} ) that bisects from the relief groove 82 to the lowest point, for example the point marked 71 in FIG. 3C .

The posterior adjacent sub-surfaces 70A, 70B may be angled as shown. In order to provide an anti-skid effect, the rear adjacent sub-surface 70A, ie the rear adjacent sub-surfaces 70C, 70D of the rear adjacent sub-surface, may be inclined with respect to the insert 14A. The configuration may be achieved, for example, by tilting the rear abutting sub-surfaces 70C, 70D about the _{pocket screw hole axis A B .} For illustrative purposes, the axis parallel to the additional pocket threaded hole axis (A _B) (A _B1) are shown to indicate the rear abutment surfaces each (β) of the pocket hole screw axis (A _B). The posterior proximal surface angle β may be 10°.

Pocket upper surface 72 may include first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces 72A, 72B. The first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces 72A, 72B are mirror-symmetrical (or more precisely, bisect the pocket screw hole 73 ) on either side of the pocket screw hole 73 and perpendicular to _{the tool plane P TL .} mirror symmetry with respect to a plane Ps extending along the direction of rotation). The first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces 72A, 72B may extend the same radial distance R _D (ie along a plane essentially inward or outward of the tool, ie along a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tool). can understand that there is

The first pocket upper sub-surface 72A is shown adjacent the tool peripheral surface 62 and extends further _{in the forward direction D F as it approaches the tool peripheral surface 62 .} For example, the first random location 74A on the first pocket upper sub-surface surface 72A is closer to the tool peripheral surface 62 than the second random location 74B. As shown, the first random location 74A extends further in the _{forward direction D F than the second random location 74B.}

In contrast, a second pocket upper sub-surface 72B (shown in dashed line in FIG. 3B ) may adjoin the pocket side surface 68 and extend further _{in the forward direction D F as it approaches the pocket side surface.} do.

The first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces 72A, 72B may extend further _{in the forward direction D F as they proximate the groove 64 .} For example, the third random location 76A on the first pocket upper sub-surface 72A (and directly adjacent the tool peripheral surface 62) may be a fourth random location (and directly adjacent to the tool peripheral surface 62). closer to the groove 64 than to 76B. As shown, the third random location 76A extends further in the _{forward direction D F than the fourth random location 76B.}

Further, the first pocket upper sub-surface 72A _{may define a plane PC extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation AR} and an acute angle first tool angle k2 therein. The first tool angle k2 may be 15.5°.

In the same figure, the second pocket upper sub-surface 72B may define a plane PC and an acute angle second tool angle k3 therein. The second tool angle k3 may be 15.5°.

The sum (eg, 31°) of the first and second tool approach angles k2, k3 may be greater than the sum of the insert ramping and approach angles k0, k1 (eg, 30°). In other words, the outer tool angle ε1 ( FIG. 3B ) eg 149° may be less than the inner insert angle ε2 ( FIG. 2C ) eg 150°.

As a result, the insert peripheral surface 20, more precisely the ramping and transport sub-surfaces (eg, 20A1, 20C1), is configured for limited contact with the first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces 72A, 72B. In detail, the area of the insert pocket 66 configured to abut the insert is shown as a shaded area in FIG. 3D . In particular, there are first and second theoretical contact lines 72C and 72D on the first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces. The lines indicate regions of the insert 14A and pocket upper surface 72 configured to be adjacent. Since the sum of the tool angles (i.e., first and second tool approach angles k2,k3) is greater than the sum of the insert angles (i.e. insert ramping and approach angles k0,k1), the Contact is limited and does not extend throughout the first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces 72A, 72B. Although a larger contact area is generally preferred, having different angles requires less precision to manufacture the insert, which is advantageous when compressing the insert to its final dimensions.

In contrast, the other shaded areas labeled 68A, 70C, and 70D are the visually delimited sub-surfaces of the insert pocket 66 .

The screw 16 may include a screw head 16A and an external screw shank 16B extending from the screw head.

As shown in FIG. 3C , when the screw 16 secures the insert 14A to the insert pocket 66 , the shank 16B is screwed into the pocket screw hole 73 and the screw head 16A is ramped. Abuts one of the threaded proximal surfaces 54A of the insert.

The insert 14A and the tool 12 are configured for contacting the pocket side surface 68 and the first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces 72A, 72B of the tool with the insert peripheral surface 20 of the insert and are ramping inserts. is configured for contact of one of the rake surfaces 1B of the tool with the pocket rear surface 70 of the tool.

More precisely, insert 14A and tool 12 include: a second side sub-surface 20B2 and a side adjacent sub-surface 68A; a first pocket upper sub-surface 72A and a second ramping sub-surface 20A2; a second pocket upper sub-surface 72B and a second transfer sub-surface 20C2; configured for contact of the rear abutting surface 70A and the second rake surface 18B.

More precisely, the second ramping sub-surface 20A2 may be in contact with the first theoretical contact line 72C of the first pocket upper sub-surface 72A, and the second transfer sub-surface 20C2 may be in contact with the second pocket upper sub-surface 72A. It may contact a second theoretical contact line 72D of surface 72B.

Also, more precisely, one of the rake adjacent sub-surfaces 56B2 may contact both the rear adjacent sub-surfaces 70C, 70D.

To ensure contact only at the desired portion, the insert pocket 66 may be formed with a relief portion. To simplify insert manufacturing, all relief portions of assembly 10 may be formed on tool 12 .

For example, the pocket rear surface 70 may have the rear surface relief 70B. Referring briefly to FIG. 2C , the central portion 78 of the first rake surface 18A lying along the _{mid-thickness plane P T} (because the central portion abuts the posterior surface relief 70B) is the pocket posterior surface ( 70) does not come into contact with However, the first and second adjacent portions 80A, 80B of the first rake surface 18A located on opposite sides of the central portion 78 may be formed with one of the rear adjacent sub-surfaces 70C, 70D, respectively. each will be in contact.

The pocket upper surface 72 may be formed having an upper surface relief recess 82 positioned between the first and second pocket upper sub-surfaces 72A, 72B.

To further achieve the desired contact, a lower relief region 84 may be formed below the pocket back surface 70(s). Also, upper relief region 86 may separate pocket back and upper surfaces 70,72. Similarly, first side relief region 88 may separate pocket side and back surfaces. Similarly, second side relief region 90 may separate pocket sides and top surfaces 68 , 72 .

4A-4D and 2C , it can be seen that assembly 10 is capable of performing a number of different machining operations on workpiece 92 .

The shouldering operation shown in FIG. 4A is performed by moving the assembly 10 _{in a transverse direction D S1} perpendicular to the lower surface 92A of the workpiece 92 being machined. Only the first feed sub-edge 28C1 of the insert 14A is removed from the workpiece 92 as the assembly 10 is spaced from the upwardly extending step 92B, more precisely the upwardly projecting side surface 92C, of the workpiece 92 . Remove the material. This is schematically illustrated by the chips 94A being removed by the first transfer sub-edge 28C1 and flowing over the first rake surface 18A. In particular, assembly 10 is capable of removing material up to the depth of cut aP shown in FIG. 1C . Material removal may be performed with a relatively long portion of the cutting edge. More precisely, the operation is performed with a portion of the first cutting edge 26A extending from the sixth contact point X6 to the end of the straight portion 40S1 of the first feed sub edge 28C1, i.e. to the discontinuity point 46D2. can be performed.

In FIG. 4B a combined operation of shouldering and facing is shown and is also performed by moving the _{assembly 10 in the transverse direction D S1 .} Assembly 10 can simultaneously remove material from lower surface 92A of workpiece 92 and adjacent step 92B, more precisely from side surface 92C thereof. Removal of material is shown in FIG. 4A with a chip 94B having a different shape for chip 94A and being removed by first transfer sub-edge 28C1 and first side sub-edge 28B1 . It will also be noted that material removal may be performed by a relatively long portion of the cutting edge. More precisely, the operation is performed with a portion of the first cutting edge 26A extending from the sixth contact point X6 to the end of the straight portion 38S1 of the first side sub-edge 28B1, i.e. the discontinuity point 44D2. can be performed.

In the ramping operation shown in FIG. 4C , the assembly 10 moves simultaneously _{in the transverse direction DS2 and the forward direction D F .} In other words, the assembly 10 moves in the transverse-forward direction (DSF). During the movement, the first ramping sub-edge 28A1 removes material from the work piece 92 schematically illustrated by the chip 94C. It can be seen that the insert 14A can remove relatively large chips during the ramping process due to its relatively large ramping sub-edge. It will also be noted that material removal can be performed with a relatively long portion of the cutting edge. More precisely, the operation is performed with a portion of the first cutting edge 26A extending from the sixth contact point X6 to the end of the straight portion 36S1 of the first ramping sub-edge 28A1, ie to the discontinuity point 42D2. can be

In the plunger actuation shown in FIG. 4D , the assembly 10 moves in the forward direction D _F . During the movement, each of the first side sub-edge 28B1 , the first transfer sub-edge 28C1 and even the first ramping sub-edge 28A1 removes material from the workpiece 92, if there is material underneath it. can do. Relatively large insert ramping and approach angles k0, k1 can reduce the surface finish, which can be counteracted by the ramping and conveying actuation function. It will also be noted that material removal can be performed with a relatively long portion of the cutting edge. More precisely, the operation runs from the end of the straight part 38S1 of the first side sub-edge 28B1, ie the discontinuity 44D2, to the straight part 36S1, ie the discontinuity, of the first ramping sub-edge 28A1. 42D1) by a portion of the first cutting edge 26A.

Optional insert features are shown with reference to FIGS. 5A-5C .

Except where explicitly described or explicitly shown, the above features of the illustrated insert 114A should be considered corresponding to the insert 14A.

Insert 114A may include opposing first and second rake surfaces 118A, 118B and an insert peripheral surface 120 connecting first and second rake surfaces 118A, 118B.

Insert 114A may be formed having an insert threaded hole 112 that opens toward opposite sides of insert peripheral surface 120 .

A first cutting edge 126A may extend along the intersection of the insert peripheral surface 120 and the first rake surface 118A. The second cutting edge 126B may extend along the intersection of the insert peripheral surface 120 and the second rake surface 118B.

The first and second cutting edges 126A, 126B may be identical, and each may be considered to have all of the features recited in the description below in relation to the other.

Also, the first and second rake surfaces 118A, 118B may be identical, and each may be considered to have all of the following characteristics.

The first cutting edge 126A includes a first ramping sub edge 128A1; a first side sub-edge 128B1; a first transfer sub-edge 128C1 connected to the first ramping sub-edge 128A1 and the first side sub-edge 128B1; a second ramping sub-edge 128A2 connected to the first side sub-edge 128B1; a second side sub-edge 128B2 connected to the first ramping sub-edge 128A1; and a second transfer sub-edge 128C2 connected to the second ramping sub-edge 128A2 and the second side sub-edge 128B2.

The first rake surface 118A may include lands 130 extending inwardly from the first cutting edge 126A.

Further inside the land 130 may be a sloped portion 132 extending between the land 130 and the intermediate rake surface area 134 . The difference from the insert 14A of the first embodiment above is that each intermediate rake surface area 134 of the insert 114A of the second embodiment may be planar.

As best shown in FIG. 5C , ramping and transporting sub-edges 128A1 , 128A2 , 128C1 , 128C2 converge as they approach the side sub-edges 128B1 , 128B2 to which they are all connected. For example, the first transfer sub-edge 128C1 is closer to the second ramping sub-edge 128A2 as it approaches the first side sub-edge 128B1 .

_{Insert 114A may include a rake axis A K} extending vertically through the center of first and second rake surfaces 118A, 118B ( FIG. 5C ).

The mid-length plane P _L ( FIG. 5B ) may bisect the first and second rake surfaces along a longitudinal dimension of the first and second rake surfaces 118A, 118B.

A mid-thickness plane P _T ( FIGS. 5A and 5C ) may _{extend perpendicular to the mid-length plane P L} and may also bisect the first and second rake surfaces 118A, 118B. Optionally, the intermediate thickness plane P _T may include the rake axis A _K and may also bisect the first and second rake surfaces 118A, 118B.

Referring to FIG. 5A , the mid-height plane P _H may extend perpendicular to the mid-length and thickness plane P _L ,P _T and equally from the first and second side sub-edges 128B1 , 128B2 . Insert 114A may be bisected while spaced.

The height axis A _H may extend perpendicular to the rake axis A _K and may extend along the intersection of the intermediate thickness and height planes P _T ,P _{H .}

The insert threaded hole 122 may be centered in the insert 114A, and the insert threaded hole axis AS may be coaxial _{with the height axis AH in this non-limiting example.}

Insert 114A may be configured for two indexable positions on first rake surface 118A. Specifically, insert 114A may be rotated about _{rake axis A K} to move to a second indexable position. For example, insert 114A may be 180° rotationally symmetric about _{rake axis A K .}

Insert 114A may alternatively or preferably additionally be configured to be inverted while allowing two additional indexable positions over second rake surface 118B. For example, insert 114A may be arranged along the intersection of mid-height and thickness planes P _H ,P _T and be 180° rotationally symmetric about an axis corresponding to _{height axis A H in this example.}

Referring to FIG. 5C , each ramping sub-edge 128A1 , 128A2 may include a straight portion 136S1 , 136S2 . Each ramping sub-edge 128A1 , 128A2 may also include a pair of corner portions 136C1 , 136C2 , 136C3 , 136C4 connected to each side of the straight portions 136S1 , 136S2 .

Each side sub-edge 128B1 , 128B2 may include a straight portion 138S1 , 138S2 . Each side sub-edge 128B1 , 128B2 may also include a pair of corner portions 138C1 , 138C2 , 138C3 , 138C4 connected to each side of the straight portions 138S1 , 138S2 .

Each transfer sub-edge 128C1 , 128C2 may include a straight portion 140S1 , 140S2 . Each transfer sub-edge 128C1 , 128C2 may include a pair of corner portions 140C1 , 140C2 , 140C3 , 140C4 connected to respective sides of the straight portion 140S1 , 140S2 .

Each of the straight parts 136S1, 136S2, 138S1, 138S2, 140S1, 140S2 has discontinuities 142D1, 142D2, 142D3, 142D4, 144D1, 144D2, 144D3, 144D4, 146D1, 146D2, 146D3, 146D4, i. It ends in a position where it transitions in the other direction.

The insert 114A of the second embodiment has a sharp corner portion without the corner portions connecting the ramping and transport sub-edges having a curved shape (while the insert 14A of the first embodiment exemplifies an insert in which all corner portions are curved It is different from the insert 14A of the first embodiment in that it is

In detail, the first ramping sub edge 128A1 includes a sharp ramping corner portion 136C2 and the first transfer sub edge 128C1 includes a sharp conveying corner portion 140C1 . Connection point X6 is located between adjacent sharp corner portions 136C2 and 140C1.

Turning to FIG. 5D , which illustrates by way of example with respect to transport corner portion 140C1 and one of adjacent ramping corner portion 136C2 , both are shown to have a sharp shape or, otherwise stated, to have a sharp corner edge. As a result, a straight extension 139 is formed. In other words, straight extension 139 may extend between adjacent ramping and transport discontinuities 142D2 and 146D1. Straight extension 139 has a shorter length than either of the associated ramping and conveying edges 128A1, 128C1, as shown.

An insert comprising straight extensions 139 (or alternatively including sharp adjacent feeds and ramping corners) is to be oriented with straight extensions 139 parallel or substantially parallel to the surface 137 being machined. can It will be appreciated that the interior angle formed by the straight extension 139 and the adjacent first ramping sub-edge 128A1 can be calculated (for the purposes of this claim). The above description applies not only to the linear extension 139 and the adjacent first transfer sub-edge 128C1, but also to other linear extensions.

In addition, the first inner angle R2 formed between the linear extension 139 and the adjacent first ramping sub-edge 128A1 is a second internal angle R2 formed between the linear extension 139 and the adjacent first transfer sub-edge 128C1. different from and ie not equal to the interior angle R1. More precisely, the first and second interior angles R1 and R2 are both less than 180°. The first interior angle R2 is 171° in this non-limiting example. In this non-limiting example, the second interior angle R1 is 163°. These angles may vary but preferably the straight extension 139 is parallel to the surface 137 being machined. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that these angles relate to and can be calculated from the insert ramping and approach angles k0, k1. Preferably, the straight extension 139 is such that the conveying corner portion 140C1 is slightly longer than the ramping corner portion 136C2 from the surface 137 (although the difference is in the order of microns, preferably 5 to 25 ). Although measured in microns, they are not visible at this magnification and may therefore be considered parallel or substantially parallel).

As the insert 114A is moved in the transverse direction D _S1 , the finish of the surface 137 may be slightly improved.

Nevertheless, these inserts and tools are intended for high feed operations (note that the inserts of the first embodiment above can have sharp adjacent feed and ramping corners without any other modification) and surface finishing operations are suitable for non-roughing operations. still inferior to inserts and tools for

Also, providing sharp edges can be expected to have poor tool life. Nevertheless, minor improvements in finish are believed to offset all possible shortcomings in tool life.

Finally, it can be seen that by using sharp corners, the feed and ramping sub-edges are not shortened. Preferably the straight extension 139 has a length of between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm. A value close to 0.5 mm is preferred for the above reason.

As shown in the figure, compared with the insert 14A of the first embodiment, the insert 114A of the second embodiment currently illustrated has a longer conveying sub-edge than the ramping edge. This helps to increase the depth of cut to compensate for the smaller tool diameter for which the insert 114A of the second illustrated embodiment is designed (especially a tool having a diameter of 32 mm, preferably a smaller tool diameter). Nevertheless, the design can also be used for larger diameters if desired.

Since the shape of the corner portion and the sub-edge length are independent of each other, an insert similar to the insert 14A of the first embodiment before can be modified to have a sharp corner portion at the adjacent ramping and conveying sub-edge, and of the same length or different length. It will be appreciated that it may have a ramping and transporting sub-edge.

Similar to the insert 14A of the first embodiment, the straight portions of the sub-edges may be parallel. However, the first and second cutting edges 126A and 126B may be slightly out of phase with each other, for example, in FIG. 5C because the feed and ramp sub-edges have unequal lengths. A similar result is shown in FIG. 5A with small distortions 148A, 148B, 148C, 148D of the flat portion of the peripheral surface 120 . Nevertheless, the unequal lengths complicate manufacturing, forming the separation lines 150A, 150B shown in FIG. 5A, and the cutting die manufacturing design visible on the peripheral surface 120 of the cutting insert 114A. have

A set of examples of relative dimensions may be as follows: the length of the straight portion of each side sub-edge may be 0.45 mm; The length of the straight portion of each ramping transfer sub-edge may be 2.5 mm, and the length of the straight portion of each transfer sub-edge may be 3.6 mm. A distance between the discontinuities 146D1 and 142D2 may be 0.6 mm. The radial curvature of the corner between the straight portions of the side sub-edge and the ramping sub-edge may be 0.85 mm, and the radial curvature of the corner between the straight portions of the side sub-edge and the conveying sub-edge may be 1.00 mm.

With another difference shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B , the illustrated cutting edges 126A, 126B may be arranged in a single plane rather than including portions that are different distances from the _{height plane P H .}

Referring to FIG. 5D , when the insert is oriented in a non-parallel direction to the workpiece, the following angle will be formed with respect to the workpiece surface 137 . The first ramping sub-edge 128A1 may define an insert ramping angle k0 with a surface 137 of 9°. The first transfer sub-edge 128C1 may form an insert access angle k1 with a surface 137 of 17°. In other words, the insert approach angle k1 is about twice the angular extension of the insert ramping angle k0. Preferably, the insert approach angle k1 has a range of 17°±3°.

The above description includes exemplary embodiments and details, and does not exclude non-illustrated embodiments and details from the claims herein.

10......tool assembly,
12....tools,
14......Ramping inserts,
16....Screw.

Claims (19)

opposing first and second rake surfaces 118A, 118B; an insert peripheral surface (120) connecting the first and second rake surfaces (118A, 118B); an insert screw hole (112) that opens toward opposite sides of the insert peripheral surface (120), said insert screw hole (112) having an insert screw hole axis ( _AS );
first and second cutting edges (126A, 126B) extending along the intersection of the insert peripheral surface (120) and a corresponding one of the first and second rake surfaces (118A, 118B);
Each of the first and second cutting edges 126A, 126B includes a first ramping sub-edge 128A1; a first side sub-edge 128B1; a first transfer sub-edge (128C1) connected to the first ramping sub-edge (128A1) and the first side sub-edge (128B1); a second ramping sub-edge (128A2) connected to the first side sub-edge (128B1); a second side sub-edge (128B2) connected to the first ramping sub-edge (128A1); a second transfer sub-edge (128C2) connected to the second ramping sub-edge (128A2) and the second side sub-edge (128B2);
each of the ramping and conveying sub-edges 128A1, 128A2, 128C1, 128C2 is longer than each of the side sub-edges 128B1, 128B2; _{The maximum rake surface length L MR} of each rake surface 118A, 118B is measurable between the first and second side sub-edges 128B1 , 128B2 of the rake surface; Each of the ramping and transporting sub-edges 128A1, 128A2, 128C1, and 128C2 approaches the side sub-edges 128B1, 128B2 to which the ramping and transporting sub-edges 128A1, 128A2, 128C1, 128C2 are all connected. converge;
each ramp sub-edge 128A1, 128A2 includes sharp ramp corner portions 136C2, 136C4 which are the corner portions of the ramping sub-edge closest to the transfer sub-edge; each conveying sub-edge 128C1, 128C2 includes a sharp conveying corner portion 140C1, 140C3 adjacent one of the sharp ramp corner portions 136C2, 136C4; A straight extension 139 is formed between the discontinuities 142D2, 146D1, 142D4, 146D3 of the sharp ramp portion and the sharp conveying corner portion 136C2, 136C4, 140C1, 140C3,
A first inner angle R2 formed between the linear extension 139 and the adjacent first ramping sub-edge 128A1, and between the linear extension 139 and the adjacent first transfer sub-edge 128C1 A ramping insert (114A), further comprising a formed second inner angle (R1), wherein the first inner angle (R2) is not equal to the second inner angle (R1). 2. The insert screw hole axis according to claim 1, wherein the connection point (X6) of adjacent ramping and conveying sub-edges (128A1, 128A2, 128C1, 128C2) bisects the first and second rake surfaces (118A, 118B) and the insert screw hole axis ( including a _s) and the first and second rake surfaces (which is located on different sides of 118A, mid-thickness plane (P _T), which also includes a rake axis (a _K) extending through the center of 118B) A ramping insert (114A), characterized in that. Ramping insert (114A) according to claim 1, characterized in that each of said transfer sub-edges (128C1, 128C2) is longer than each of said ramping sub-edges (128A1, 128A2). A ramping insert (114A) according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert peripheral surface (120) is devoid of a relief portion. Ramping insert (114A) according to claim 1, characterized in that each side sub-edge (128B1, 128B2) comprises a straight portion (138S1, 138S2). 6. Ramping insert (114A) according to claim 5, characterized in that the straight portion of each side sub-edge is only parallel to the straight portion of the side sub-edge on the same rake surface. 6. Characteristic according to claim 5, wherein each straight portion (138S1, 138S2) has a length that is 13%±5% of the total length of each said ramping sub-edge and/or of each conveying sub-edge (128C1, 128C2). A ramping insert (114A) comprising a feature having a length that is 13%±5% of its overall length. 6. The method of claim 5, through the center of the first and second rake surface (118A, 118B) to halve and the insert screw hole axis (A _S) and the first and second rake surface (118A, 118B) further comprising an intermediate thickness plane (P _T ) comprising an extending rake axis (A _K ), said straight portions (138S1 , 138S2 _{) being parallel to said intermediate thickness plane (P T} ) and said insert screw hole axis (A) A ramping insert (114A), characterized in that it has a length of 15% ± 5% of the maximum thickness (T _{M ) of the insert measurable parallel to S ).} The rake axis of claim 1, further comprising: a rake axis (A _K ) extending through the center of the first and second rake surfaces (118A, 118B); _{a mid-thickness plane P T} comprising the rake axis A _K and the insert screw hole axis A _S and bisecting the first and second rake surfaces 118A, 118B; The first and second rake surface (118A, 118B) and the bisector Medium plane extending perpendicular to the mid-thickness plane _{(P T) (P L)} ; The first and second rake surface (118A, 118B) located in the middle of the thickness of the intermediate plane between (P _T) and the mid-height plane extending perpendicular to the mid-length plane _{(P L) (P H)} ; Maximum measurable height (H _M ) parallel to the rake axis (A _K ); a maximum measurable thickness T _M parallel to the insert screw hole axis A _S ; The maximum height (H _M ) is a ramping insert (114A), characterized in that greater than the maximum thickness (T _{M ).} The rake axis of claim 1, further comprising: a rake axis (A _K ) extending through the center of the first and second rake surfaces (118A, 118B); _{a mid-thickness plane P T} comprising the rake axis A _K and the insert screw hole axis A _S and bisecting the first and second rake surfaces 118A, 118B; The first and second rake surface (118A, 118B) and the bisector Medium plane extending perpendicular to the mid-thickness plane _{(P T) (P L)} ; and a mid-height plane P _H located midway between the first and second rake surfaces 118A, 118B _{and extending perpendicular to the mid-thickness plane P T} and the mid-length plane P _{L .} including; The insert is characterized in that it is 180° rotationally symmetric about the _{rake axis A K ;} and/or a ramping insert 114A that is 180° rotationally symmetric about the insert screw hole axis A _{S .} Ramping insert (114A) according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate rake surface area (134) of each rake surface (118A, 118B) is planar. 12. Ramping insert (114A) according to claim 11, characterized in that the first inner angle (R2) is greater than the second inner angle (R1). The ramping insert (114A) according to claim 1, characterized in that the straight extension (139) has a length of between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm. 14. Ramping insert (114A) according to claim 13, characterized in that the straight extension (139) has a length of less than 0.75 mm. The length of the straight portion (140S1, 140S2) of the conveying sub-edge (128C1, 128C2) according to claim 1, wherein the straight extension (139) comprises the sharp conveying corner portion (140C1, 140C2, 140C3, 140C4). A ramping insert (114A) characterized in that it has a length of less than a quarter. 16. Ramping insert (114A) according to claim 15, characterized in that the straight extension (139) has a length less than or equal to one-sixth the length of the straight portion of the conveying sub-edge including the sharp conveying corner portion. ). The length of claim 1, wherein the straight portion (136S1, 136S2) of the ramping sub-edge (128A1, 128A2) is 70%±15% of the length of the straight portion (140S1, 140S2) of the adjacent conveying sub-edge (128C1, 128C2) A ramping insert (114A), characterized in that having a. Ramping insert (114A) according to claim 1, characterized in that each of said first and second cutting edges (126A, 126B) is arranged in a plane. delete

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