KR102318135B1 - Heating element and method for manufacturing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A heating element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application includes a transparent substrate; a pair of main electrodes spaced apart from each other on a straight line of one side of the transparent substrate; an auxiliary electrode provided on the other side opposite to one side provided with a pair of main electrodes on the transparent substrate; and a heating pattern provided between a pair of primary and secondary electrodes on the transparent substrate.

Description

Heating element and manufacturing method thereof

The present application relates to a heating element and a method for manufacturing the same.

If there is a difference between the outside temperature and the inside temperature of the vehicle, moisture or frost will occur on the glass of the vehicle. To solve this, a heating glass may be used. Heating glass uses the concept of attaching a heating wire sheet to the glass surface or forming a heating wire directly on the glass surface, and applying electricity to both terminals of the heating wire to generate heat from the heating wire, thereby raising the temperature of the glass surface.

In particular, as a method employed to impart a heat function while having excellent optical performance to a vehicle windshield, there are the following methods.

First, a transparent conductive thin film can be formed on the entire surface of the glass. As a method of forming the transparent conductive thin film, there is a method of increasing transparency by using a transparent conductive oxide film such as ITO or by forming a thin metal layer and then using a transparent insulating film above and below the metal layer. This method has an advantage in that an optically excellent conductive film can be formed, but has a disadvantage in that an appropriate amount of heat cannot be realized at a low voltage due to a relatively high resistance value.

Second, a method of increasing transmittance by using a metal pattern or wire, but maximizing an area without a metal pattern or wire may be used. A representative product using this method is a heating glass made by inserting a tungsten wire into the PVB film used for bonding the windshield of an automobile. In this method, the diameter of the tungsten wire used is 18㎛ or more, which can realize a level of conductivity that can secure a sufficient amount of heat at a low voltage, but due to the relatively thick tungsten wire, it is visually visible. There are disadvantages.

Third, a metal pattern may be formed on the PET film through a printing process, or a metal pattern may be formed through a photolithography and etching process after forming a metal layer on the PET film. After inserting the PET film on which the metal pattern is formed between two PVB films, a glass bonding process can be performed to produce a heating product having a heating function. However, as the PET film is inserted between the two PVB sheets, the difference in refractive index between the PET film and the PVB sheet may cause distortion of objects seen through the automobile glass.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2014-0140741

In the present specification, a heating element and a method for manufacturing the same are described.

An exemplary embodiment of the present application is,

transparent substrate;

a pair of main electrodes spaced apart from each other on a straight line of one side of the transparent substrate;

an auxiliary electrode provided on the other side opposite to one side provided with a pair of main electrodes on the transparent substrate; and

A heating pattern provided between a pair of main and auxiliary electrodes on the transparent substrate

It provides a heating element comprising a.

In addition, another exemplary embodiment of the present application provides a heating glass for automobiles including the heating element.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, it is possible to provide a heating element that can be applied to the side glass of a vehicle. The heating element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application includes a pair of main electrodes, auxiliary electrodes, and a heating pattern, thereby providing a heating element for a side glass of a car having improved visibility and excellent heating characteristics.

1 is a diagram schematically showing a heating element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
2 to 6 are views showing the structure and heating characteristics of the heating element according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1, respectively.

Hereinafter, the present application will be described in more detail.

As described above, due to the difference between indoor and outdoor temperature, moisture is formed on the glass and frost occurs in winter. Therefore, a heating glass that raises the temperature of the glass surface by applying a voltage to a heating wire disposed on a glass window to convert electrical energy into thermal energy has been proposed.

In the windshield of a car, electrodes can be located on the upper and lower parts, but since most of the car windshields slide up and down to open and close, it is difficult to arrange the electrodes on the upper and lower parts or on the left and right sides. Conventionally, as a method for applying heating glass to the side glass of a car, a method of arranging a heating wire in a zigzag manner and connecting both ends to an electrode has been proposed. There were problems that could cause

Accordingly, in the present application, it is an object of the present application to provide a heating element applicable to a side glass of a vehicle and having improved visibility and a heating glass for a vehicle including the same.

In the present application, "transparent" means having a transmittance characteristic of about 80% or more in the visible ray region (400 nm to 700 nm).

A heating element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application includes a transparent substrate; a pair of main electrodes spaced apart from each other on a straight line of one side of the transparent substrate; an auxiliary electrode provided on the other side opposite to one side provided with a pair of main electrodes on the transparent substrate; and a heating pattern provided between a pair of primary and secondary electrodes on the transparent substrate.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the transparent substrate may be a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate excellent in transparency, surface smoothness, handling and waterproofing properties, but is not limited thereto. More specifically, the transparent substrate is glass; urethane resin; polyimide resin; polyester resin; (meth)acrylate-based polymer resin; It may be made of a polyolefin-based resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene. In addition, the transparent substrate may be a film having a visible light transmittance of 80% or more, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), cyclic olefin polymer (COP), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), polycarbonate (PC), or acetyl celluloid. The thickness of the transparent substrate may be 25 μm to 250 μm, but is not limited thereto.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, the heating pattern may be provided in an area of 50% to 95% of the total area on the transparent substrate, and the heating pattern is 70% to 90% of the total area on the transparent substrate % of the area may be provided. That is, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the heating pattern is provided in an area of 50% to 95% of the total area on the transparent substrate, so that it can be applied to the side glass of a car, etc. to perform front heating.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, on the transparent substrate, a first virtual line connecting the pair of main electrodes spaced apart from each other by the shortest distance, perpendicular to the first virtual line and the first virtual line The heating pattern is not provided in a region surrounded by a second virtual line connecting both ends of the line and the auxiliary electrode by the shortest distance and the auxiliary electrode. In the present application, a first imaginary line connecting the pair of main electrodes spaced apart from each other by the shortest distance, perpendicular to the first imaginary line, both ends of the first imaginary line and the auxiliary electrode are the shortest A region surrounded by the second virtual line connected by a distance and the auxiliary electrode is defined as a disconnection region.

A distance between the pair of main electrodes may be 20 μm to 1,000 μm, and more preferably 50 μm to 500 μm. When the distance between the pair of main electrodes is less than 20 μm, malfunction may occur due to foreign substances introduced during the manufacturing process. In addition, when the distance between the pair of main electrodes exceeds 1,000 μm, the recognition of the disconnection area due to the difference in density of the pattern increases, and thus the appearance may be unsightly.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, uniform heat generation of the heating element may be realized by appropriately disposing the disconnection region. In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, it is preferable to provide the disconnection region so that the area of the left and right heating patterns is the same with respect to the disconnection region. When the area of the left and right heating patterns with respect to the disconnection area is not the same, when the area of the heating pattern is divided into left and right based on the disconnection area, the resistance increases in a relatively narrow area, and thus the amount of heat generated is different, so that it is uniform across the entire surface. Heating at one temperature may not be possible.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, each of the pair of main electrodes may be electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode by the heating pattern. Accordingly, in the exemplary embodiment of the present application, a voltage may be applied to the pair of main electrodes.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, the heating pattern may include one or more of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, copper, nickel, chromium, and alloys thereof.

The heating pattern may include a conductive metal line pattern having a line width of 20 μm or less. The line width of the heating pattern may be 20 μm or less, 10 μm or less, more preferably 7 μm or less, and 5 μm or less. The line width of the heating pattern may be 2 μm to 20 μm. An interval between the lines of the heating pattern may be 5 mm or less, may be 20 μm to 2 mm, and may be 100 μm to 1 mm.

The height of the heating pattern may be 20 μm or less, 15 μm or less, and 2 μm or less. The height of the heating pattern may be 0.1 μm to 15 μm. In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, the line width and line width of the heating pattern may be uniform. In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, the uniformity of the heating pattern may be within the range of ±20% in the case of the line width, and within the range of ±10% in the case of the line width.

The opening ratio of the heating pattern may be 70% to 98%, and thus the recognition of the heating pattern may be minimized.

The conductive metal line may be a straight line, but various modifications such as a curved line, a wavy line, and a zigzag line are possible. In addition, the conductive metal wire may be provided in a pattern such as a stripe, a rhombus, a square grid, a circle, a wave pattern, a grid, a two-dimensional grid, etc., and is not limited to a specific shape, but is emitted from a certain light source It is desirable to design so that light does not impair optical properties by diffraction and interference. In addition, the conductive metal line pattern may include an irregular pattern.

In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, content known in the art may be used for the main electrode and the auxiliary electrode. The width of the main electrode may be 50 μm to 50 mm, or 100 μm to 10 mm, but is not limited thereto. When the width of the main electrode is less than 50 μm, heat generation from the main electrode or the auxiliary electrode itself may increase as the amount of current increases, and if the width exceeds 50 mm, the electrode material cost may increase.

In addition, the width of the auxiliary electrode may be 50 μm to 1 mm, 100 μm to 600 μm, but is not limited thereto. When the width of the auxiliary electrode is less than 50 μm, the amount of current is concentrated at the contact point between the auxiliary electrode and the heating pattern located on the shortest path between the main electrodes, so that hot spot heating may appear. This is very high, so it may not look good from the outside.

The main electrode and the auxiliary electrode may be formed of the same material as the material constituting the above-described heating pattern. More specifically, the main electrode and the auxiliary electrode may each independently include one or more of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, copper, nickel, chromium, and alloys thereof. In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, the main electrode and the auxiliary electrode may be formed simultaneously with the heating pattern during the patterning process. In addition, an electrode for applying an external voltage may be formed on the main electrode by using a conductive tape including at least one of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, copper, nickel, chromium, and alloys thereof.

In addition, in an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the main electrode and the auxiliary electrode each independently include one or more of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, copper, nickel, chromium, and alloys thereof on the heating pattern It can be formed by laminating a conductive tape.

A heating element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application is schematically shown in FIG. 1 below. 1 , the heating element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application includes a transparent substrate; a pair of main electrodes 10 spaced apart from each other on a straight line of one side of the transparent substrate; an auxiliary electrode 20 provided on the other side opposite to one side provided with a pair of main electrodes 10 on the transparent substrate; and a heating pattern 30 provided between a pair of main electrodes 10 and auxiliary electrodes 20 on the transparent substrate.

In addition, an exemplary embodiment of the present application provides a heating glass for a vehicle including the heating element. More specifically, the heating glass for a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the heating element; a first glass provided on either side of the heating element; and a second glass provided on the other side of the heating element.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the first glass and the second glass are not particularly limited, and glass known in the art may be applied.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, it is preferable that the heating glass for a vehicle is for a side glass of a vehicle.

The heating glass for automobiles according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application may be connected to a power source for heat generation, and at this time, the amount of heat generated ^{per m 2} is preferably 100W to 1,000W, preferably 200W to 700W. The heating glass for automobiles according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application has excellent heating performance even at a low voltage, for example, 48V or less, preferably 12V or less.

The side glass of a car has various shapes depending on the design of the car door and generally has a curved rim. When the electrodes are connected to both sides of the conductive pattern as in the conventional method, the distance between the electrodes varies depending on the location, so the amount of current is concentrated in the section with the short distance between the electrodes, resulting in uneven heat generation. In the exemplary embodiment of the present application, the conductive pattern formed on the entire surface of the glass is divided by the disconnection region, and the electrically connected auxiliary electrode has a relatively low resistance, so that the conductive pattern surfaces on both sides of the disconnection region have the effect of being connected in series. Uneven heat generation can be minimized. In addition, when the effective pattern area on both sides of the disconnection area is the same, the total amount of heat generated is the same. At this time, since the length of the effective area of the pattern is doubled and the width is reduced by half, the resistance is quadrupled.

Hereinafter, the embodiments described in the present specification are illustrated through examples. However, it is not intended that the scope of the above embodiments be limited by the following examples.

< Example >

< Example 1>

Two sheets of pentagonal plate glass with a lower side length of 200 mm, an upper side length of 50 mm, a left side height of 200 mm and a right side height of 100 mm were prepared, and a heating pattern film of the same size as the plate glass was prepared. The heating pattern film was manufactured from a copper plated film with a thickness of 8 μm, and was manufactured through general photolithography and selective metal etching process. The heating pattern used in this example was based on a straight line pattern and had an average line width of 15 μm, an average line spacing of 700 μm, and a line height of 8 μm.

A pair of main electrodes was formed on one side of the pattern film in a direction perpendicular to the linear pattern. The main electrode was formed by applying silver paste to a width of 20 mm and a thickness of 20 μm on the heating pattern formed at a position corresponding to the main electrode and attaching a conductive copper foil tape. The copper foil tape had a width of 20 mm and a thickness of 50 μm. The length of the main electrode contacting the left side was 82.5 mm, the length of the main electrode contacting the right side was 116.5 mm, and the distance between the main electrodes was 1 mm so that the left and right effective pattern areas were based on the disconnection area. The auxiliary electrode was formed by applying 20 μm thick silver paste to the edge of the diagonal line connected to the top and right sides of the pentagon to a width of 2 mm, and cutting and pasting a 50 μm thick conductive tape to a width of 2 mm. A 0.38 mm thick PVB sheet was added to the upper and lower portions of the heating pattern film provided with auxiliary electrodes at positions opposite to the pair of main electrodes, and laminated between two sheets of plate glass, followed by thermal lamination. Using a vacuum laminator, the pressure was applied at a temperature of 120° C. for 20 minutes to laminate.

A pair of main electrodes was connected to a DC power supply to apply a voltage. At a voltage of 1V, a current of 1.30A was generated and the amount of heat generated was 43 W/m ² . A surface temperature rise of 5°C appeared for 3 minutes after voltage was applied, and the temperature deviation was measured to be ±0.5°C within the effective heating area of the heating element. The structure and heating characteristics of the heating element according to Example 1 are shown in FIG. 2 below.

< Example 2>

A pentagonal heating element was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. The conductive heating pattern of Example 2 was based on an orthogonal mesh inclined at 45°, and the line width of the pattern was 10 μm and the pitch was 500 μm. The line height of the pattern was 8 μm, and the main electrode and the auxiliary electrode were formed at the same position in the same manner as in Example 1. A first imaginary line connecting the pair of main electrodes by the shortest distance, a second imaginary line perpendicular to the first imaginary line and connecting both ends of the first imaginary line and the auxiliary electrode by the shortest distance, and The heating pattern is not provided in a region surrounded by the auxiliary electrode.

A pair of main electrodes was connected to a DC power supply to apply a voltage, and a current of 2.68A was generated at a voltage of 2V, and the amount of heat generated was 179 W/m ² . A surface temperature rise of 10°C appeared for 3 minutes after voltage was applied, and the temperature deviation within the effective heating area of the heating element was measured to be ±1°C. The structure and heating characteristics of the heating element according to Example 2 are shown in FIG. 3 below.

< Example 3>

The method of manufacturing the heating element was the same as in Example 1, but the center position of the disconnection region was formed at a point 150 mm from the left side. When a DC power supply is connected to a pair of main electrodes and a voltage of 1V is applied, a current of 0.98A is generated and the amount of heat generated is 32 W/m ² . Based on the disconnection area, the surface temperature of the pattern area on the right, where the effective pattern area is narrow, was relatively high, and the temperature deviation was ±3°C. The structure and heating characteristics of the heating element according to Example 3 are shown in FIG. 4 below.

< Example 4>

The method of manufacturing the heating element was the same as in Example 1, but the center position of the disconnection region was formed at a point 50 mm from the left side. When a DC power supply is connected to a pair of main electrodes and a voltage of 1V is applied, a current of 0.86A is generated and the amount of heat generated is 28 W/m ² . Based on the disconnection area, the surface temperature of the pattern area on the left, where the effective pattern area is narrow, was relatively high, and the temperature deviation was ±3°C. The structure and heating characteristics of the heating element according to Example 3 are shown in FIG. 5 below.

< comparative example 1>

In Example 2, the heating element was manufactured in the form of no auxiliary electrode, and since there was no auxiliary electrode, the disconnection area was set up to 150 mm from the lower side. Although the left and right effective pattern regions are electrically connected based on the disconnection region, a voltage of 2V was applied to the pair of main electrodes, a current of 2.72A was generated, and the amount of heat generated was 181 W/m ² . When the surface temperature of the heating element was measured, it was confirmed that heat was intensively generated at the end position opposite to the main electrode in the disconnection region, which was 10°C higher than the surface temperature of other regions. The structure and heating characteristics of the heating element according to Comparative Example 1 are shown in FIG. 6 below.

As described above, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, it is possible to provide a heating element that can be applied to the side glass of a vehicle. The heating element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application includes a pair of main electrodes, auxiliary electrodes, and a heating pattern, thereby providing a heating element for a side glass of a car having improved visibility and excellent heating characteristics.

In addition, in the exemplary embodiment of the present application, it is preferable to provide the disconnection region so that the area of the left and right heating patterns is the same with respect to the disconnection region. When the area of the left and right heating patterns with respect to the disconnection area is not the same, when the area of the heating pattern is divided into left and right based on the disconnection area, the resistance increases in a relatively narrow area, and thus the amount of heat generated is different, so that it is uniform across the entire surface. Heating at one temperature may not be possible.

10: main electrode
20: auxiliary electrode
30: fever pattern
40: single wire area

Claims (11)

transparent substrate;
a pair of main electrodes spaced apart from each other on a straight line of one side of the transparent substrate;
an auxiliary electrode provided on the other side opposite to one side provided with a pair of main electrodes on the transparent substrate; and
a heating pattern provided between a pair of main and auxiliary electrodes on the transparent substrate;
On the transparent substrate,
A first imaginary line perpendicular to the first imaginary line and connecting both ends of the first imaginary line to the auxiliary electrode by the shortest distance between the pair of main electrodes spaced apart from each other by the shortest distance The heating pattern is not provided in the disconnection region, which is a region surrounded by the second virtual line and the auxiliary electrode,
The heating element in which the disconnection region is provided such that the area of the left and right heating patterns is the same with respect to the disconnection region. The heating element according to claim 1, wherein the heating pattern is provided in an area of 50% to 95% of the total area on the transparent substrate. delete The heating element according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the pair of main electrodes is 20 μm to 1,000 μm. The heating element according to claim 1, wherein each of the pair of main electrodes is electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode by the heating pattern. The heating element according to claim 1, wherein the heating pattern includes at least one of gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, copper, nickel, chromium, and alloys thereof. The heating element according to claim 1, wherein the line width of the heating pattern is 2 μm to 20 μm, and the line line is 0.1 μm to 15 μm. The method according to claim 1, wherein the width of the main electrode is 50㎛ to 50mm,
The auxiliary electrode has a width of 50 μm to 1 mm. The heating element according to claim 1, wherein a voltage is applied to the pair of main electrodes. Heating glass for automobiles comprising the heating element of any one of claims 1, 2, and 4 to 9. The heating glass for automobiles according to claim 10, wherein the heating glass for automobiles is for automobile side glass.

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