KR102275186B1 - Distributed antenna system and operating method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

In an uplink Ethernet packet processing method of an aggregation node included in a distributed antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising: receiving a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; and transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet in an uplink direction.

Description

Distributed antenna system and method of operation of distributed antenna system {DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF}

The technical idea of the present invention relates to a distributed antenna system and a method of operating the distributed antenna system, and more particularly, to a distributed antenna system using TSN (Time-Sensitive Networking).

A distributed antenna system is an antenna system used to solve a problem of high traffic capacity in an indoor environment or a fixed area by spatially distributing a plurality of antennas.

Distributed antenna systems are installed inside buildings, tunnels, subways, etc. to provide communication services even in areas where the base transceiver station signal is difficult to reach. used to provide services.

As such, the distributed antenna system is a system for supplementing the limited output and coverage of the base station, and is widely used to solve the service shadow area.

In recent years, as communication services have been developed mainly for data communication, distributed antenna systems are developing in the form of not only expanding the communication service area but also providing various services in combination.

In the distributed antenna system, since a plurality of physically spaced antennas provide a communication service, accurate time synchronization is required. For such time synchronization, clock synchronization is performed by receiving GPS radio waves or a network transmission technology based on time division multiplexing is used.

However, this synchronization method can be used only in a limited environment, and there is a problem in that the construction cost for time synchronization is high.

In addition, since the time synchronization method used in the distributed antenna system provides only some technical elements for time synchronization, there is a limit in that it cannot solve new requirements such as interworking between heterogeneous species and big data transmission required in a next-generation network environment. .

An object of a distributed antenna system and a method of operating a distributed antenna system according to the technical concept of the present invention is to provide a distributed antenna system using time-sensitive networking (TSN).

Another object of the present invention is to provide an uplink summing apparatus and method optimized in a distributed antenna system using TSN.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a distributed antenna system capable of efficiently coping with temporal and spatial traffic fluctuations.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a distributed antenna system synchronized with high precision and to provide various services.

Another object of the present invention is to efficiently use bandwidth and minimize delay by summing uplink packets using Ethernet frames.

The uplink Ethernet packet described in the present invention may refer to an uplink Ethernet packet transmitted from a terminal to a source such as a base station.

In addition, the uplink Ethernet packet may mean packets according to a framed radio signal stream digitized using Ethernet technology.

And a radio signal stream may be mapped to a flow. Therefore, the above-described uplink Ethernet packets may be referred to as an uplink flow.

Therefore, in the following description, it will be described as an uplink Ethernet packet, but it means one of an uplink radio signal stream, an uplink stream, an uplink Ethernet stream, an uplink Ethernet frame, an uplink frame, an uplink Ethernet flow, and an uplink flow. can do.

In an uplink Ethernet packet processing method of an aggregation node included in a distributed antenna system according to an aspect according to the technical concept of the present invention, the method comprising: receiving a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; and transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet in an uplink direction.

According to an exemplary embodiment, based on at least one of a latency and a bandwidth associated with transmission of the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets, it is determined whether the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets are summed. The method may further include: summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, based on the determination result, may include summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a summing delay occurring according to the summation of at least some of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, a transit delay occurring according to transmission of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets The method may include determining whether at least some of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets are summed based on information on at least one of bandwidth changes according to the summation of at least some of the link Ethernet packets.

According to an exemplary embodiment, in the multi-level transmission tree of the distributed antenna system, in consideration of the level at which the aggregation node is located, the step of determining whether to sum up the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets is further performed. and summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets may include summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets based on a result of the determination.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the summing of the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets includes: receiving a control signal for whether the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets are summed and a summation operation; according to the signal, summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets.

According to an exemplary embodiment, summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets comprises: assigning a weight to each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; and the plurality of uplinks including the weighted weight. It may include summing the Ethernet packets.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the step of transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet in the uplink direction comprises allocating a flow for the summed uplink Ethernet packet; It may include the step of sending to the flow.

According to an exemplary embodiment, summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets comprises summing only some of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, wherein the summed uplink Ethernet packets are combined with an uplink The step of transmitting in the direction may include transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet obtained by summing only the part and the remaining uplink Ethernet packets that are not summed among the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets in the uplink direction. .

According to an exemplary embodiment, summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets comprises analyzing a header of each of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and based on the analyzed header, The method may include extracting a flow of each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, scheduling the extracted flows, and summing the plurality of Ethernet packets based on the scheduling.

A subsystem of a distributed antenna system according to another aspect of the present invention includes: an uplink summing module for receiving a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets and summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; and a switch for transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet in an uplink direction.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the uplink aggregation module is configured to configure the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets based on at least one of a bandwidth and a latency associated with transmission of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets. It is possible to determine whether the packets are summed, and sum the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets based on the determination result.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the uplink summing module is configured to: an aggregation delay generated according to the summation of at least some of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, a transit delay generated according to transmission of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and Whether at least some of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets are summed may be determined based on information on at least one of bandwidth changes according to the summation of at least some of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the uplink summing module considers a level at which the switch receiving the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets is located in the multi-level transmission tree of the distributed antenna system, It is possible to determine whether uplink Ethernet packets are aggregated.

According to an exemplary embodiment, it is possible to receive a control signal for the summation operation of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets received, and to sum the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets according to the received control signal. can

According to an exemplary embodiment, further comprising a network controller, wherein the network controller is configured to: based on at least one of a latency and a bandwidth associated with transmission of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, the uplink It is possible to determine whether the summation module sums up the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and control the uplink summation module according to the determination result.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the network controller may control the switch to allocate each flow of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets and transmit each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets to the allocated flow.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the uplink summing module may assign a weight to each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and add up the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets including the assigned weight.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the switch may receive, from a network controller, a flow allocated for the summed uplink Ethernet packet, and transmit the aggregated uplink Ethernet packet to the allocated flow.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the uplink summing module sums up only a part of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and the switch adds the summed uplink Ethernet packet obtained by summing only the part, and the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets. The remaining uplink Ethernet packets that are not summed among the link Ethernet packets may be transmitted in the uplink direction.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the uplink summing module analyzes a header of each of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and based on the analyzed header, a flow of each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets may be extracted, the extracted flows may be scheduled, and the plurality of Ethernet packets may be summed based on the scheduling.

A distributed antenna system and a service method of a distributed antenna system according to embodiments of the inventive concept may provide a distributed antenna system using time-sensitive networking (TSN).

In addition, the present invention can provide an uplink summing apparatus and method optimized in a distributed antenna system using TSN.

In addition, the present invention can provide a distributed antenna system capable of efficiently coping with temporal and spatial traffic fluctuations.

In addition, the present invention can provide a distributed antenna system synchronized with high precision and provide various services.

In addition, the present invention can efficiently use bandwidth and minimize delay by summing uplink packets using an Ethernet frame.

In order to more fully understand the drawings recited in the Detailed Description of the Invention, a brief description of each drawing is provided.
1 is a conceptual diagram of a distributed antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is an exemplary diagram of a distributed antenna system including a TSN switch according to various embodiments of the present invention.
3 is an exemplary diagram of a configuration of a distributed antenna system including a TSN switch according to various embodiments of the present invention.
4 is an exemplary diagram of a distributed antenna system including a control interface configuration according to various embodiments of the present invention.
5 is a block diagram of a main unit configuration according to various embodiments of the present invention.
6 is a block diagram of a framer configuration according to various embodiments of the present invention.
7 is a conceptual diagram of a main unit according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a remote unit according to various embodiments of the present invention.
9 is a conceptual diagram of a remote unit according to various embodiments of the present invention.
10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a TSN switch according to various embodiments of the present invention.
11 is a block diagram of an uplink summing module configuration according to various embodiments of the present invention.
12 is a conceptual diagram for uplink summation according to various embodiments of the present invention.
13 is a conceptual diagram of weight distribution according to various embodiments of the present invention.
14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the configuration of an uplink summation engine according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
15 is a conceptual diagram of delay in an uplink summing module according to various embodiments of the present invention.
16 is an exemplary diagram for uplink summation according to various embodiments of the present invention.
17 is an exemplary diagram for uplink delivery according to various embodiments of the present invention.
18 is a conceptual diagram for uplink transmission at multiple levels in a distributed antenna system according to various embodiments of the present invention.
19 is a conceptual diagram of an uplink summation control of a TSN controller according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Since the technical spirit of the present invention can have various changes and can have various embodiments, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail. However, this is not intended to limit the technical spirit of the present invention to specific embodiments, and it should be understood to include all changes, equivalents, and substitutes included in the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.

In describing the technical idea of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, numbers (eg, first, second, etc.) used in the description process of the present specification are only identification symbols for distinguishing one component from other components.

In addition, in this specification, when a component is referred to as "connected" or "connected" with another component, the component may be directly connected or directly connected to the other component, but in particular It should be understood that, unless there is a description to the contrary, it may be connected or connected through another element in the middle.

In addition, terms such as "~ unit", "~ group", "~ character", and "~ module" described in this specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which is a processor, a micro Processor (Micro Processor), Micro Controller (Micro Controller), CPU (Central Processing Unit), GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), APU (Accelerate Processor Unit), DSP (Digital Signal Processor), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) may be implemented as hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.

Accordingly, the configurations described herein may be implemented by instructions executed by a processor.

In addition, it is intended to clarify that the classification of the constituent parts in the present specification is merely a classification for each main function that each constituent unit is responsible for. That is, two or more components to be described below may be combined into one component, or one component may be divided into two or more for each more subdivided function. In addition, each of the constituent units to be described below may additionally perform some or all of the functions of the other constituent units in addition to the main function it is responsible for, and may additionally perform some or all of the functions of the other constituent units. Of course, it may be carried out by being dedicated to it.

The uplink Ethernet packet described in the present invention may refer to an uplink Ethernet packet transmitted from a terminal to a source such as a base station.

In addition, the uplink Ethernet packet may mean packets according to a framed radio signal stream digitized using Ethernet technology.

And a radio signal stream may be mapped to a flow. Therefore, the above-described uplink Ethernet packets may be referred to as an uplink flow.

Therefore, in the following description, it will be described as an uplink Ethernet packet, but it means one of an uplink radio signal stream, an uplink stream, an uplink Ethernet stream, an uplink Ethernet frame, an uplink frame, an uplink Ethernet flow, and an uplink flow. can do.

In addition, the above description may be applied not only to the uplink Ethernet packet, but also to the downlink Ethernet packet.

Accordingly, the downlink Ethernet packet may mean an Ethernet packet of downlink transmission from a source such as a base station toward the terminal.

In addition, the downlink Ethernet packet may mean packets according to a framed radio signal stream digitized using Ethernet technology.

And a radio signal stream may be mapped to a flow. Therefore, the downlink Ethernet packets described above may be referred to as downlink flows.

Therefore, in the following description, it is described as a downlink Ethernet packet, but means one of a downlink radio signal stream, a downlink stream, a downlink Ethernet stream, a downlink Ethernet frame, a downlink frame, a downlink Ethernet flow, and a downlink flow. can do.

As such, the uplink Ethernet packet and the downlink Ethernet packet described in the present invention may be expressed in various terms as described above.

Hereinafter, embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention will be described in detail in turn.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a distributed antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a distributed antenna system 10 may include a point of interest (POI) 30 , a main unit 100 , a hub unit 200 , and a remote unit 300 . Here, the POI 30 and the main unit 100 may be referred to as a head end, and the main unit 100 may be referred to as a head end.

The POI 30 may be connected to each of the plurality of sources 1a to 1b, and may receive a base station signal (BTS signal) corresponding to a downlink from the connected plurality of sources 1a to 1b. In addition, the POI 30 may transmit the processed base station signal to the main unit 100 . Here, the number of the plurality of sources may be variously applied.

The POI 30 may process a signal transmitted from the sources 1a to 1b so that the distributed antenna system 10 can process the signal, and the terminal signal received and processed by the distributed antenna system 10 is transmitted to the source 1a. Signal processing can be performed so that it can be transmitted to ~1b).

For example, the POI 30 may attenuate a high power level base station signal and convert it to a level appropriate for the distributed antenna system 10 , and convert the base station signal transmitted from the sources 1a to 1b into downlink and uplink. can be separated into Also, the POI 30 may attenuate the terminal signal processed by the distributed antenna system 10 to be suitable for the sources 1a to 1b.

Here, the POI 30 may be referred to as a signal matching device.

Meanwhile, the POI 30 may not be included in the distributed antenna system 10 according to the use of time-sensitive networking (TSN), which will be described later, or the use of the Ethernet method.

Accordingly, some of the sources 1n-1 and 1n may be connected to the main unit 100 without going through the POI 30 . Here, the sources 1n-1 and 1n that do not pass through the POI 30 may be sources using digital signals of various formats.

For example, sources 1n-1 and 1n may be sources using data packets formatted according to standardized telecommunication protocols. In one embodiment, the sources 1n-1 and 1n are a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an Ethernet-based Common Public Radio Interface (eCRPI), an Open Radio Equipment Interface (ORI, Open Radio Equipment Interface), and the Open Base Station Standard Initiative (OBSAI) protocol may be a source using at least one.

The main unit 100 may be connected to the POI 30 , the hub unit 200 , and the plurality of remote units 300 through a communication medium. Here, the communication medium may include an optical fiber, a coaxial cable, an Ethernet cable, and the like.

The main unit 100 may transmit the received base station signal to the hub unit 200 and the remote unit 300 .

For example, the main unit 100 may convert an RF signal into a digital signal, and distribute the converted digital signal to the hub unit 200 and the remote unit 300 .

Specifically, the main unit 100 may distribute the converted digital signal so that the received RF signal or data packet is transmitted to the remote unit 300 corresponding to the region to be output.

Here, the digital signal may include an Ethernet frame-based signal.

The main unit 100 may be connected to another main unit, and may transmit or receive a base station signal or a terminal signal with another connected main unit. Here, the base station signal may mean a downlink signal, and the terminal signal may mean an uplink signal.

The main unit 100 may distribute or redistribute capacity for communication services. Here, the capacity may mean a service capacity.

In addition, the main unit 100 may distribute or redistribute capacity for each service channel.

Also, the main unit 100 may support both a frequency division duplex method and a time division duplex method. For example, the main unit 100 may receive an FDD carrier and may also receive a TDD carrier. Here, the carrier may include data according to a service signal, or may mean a service signal.

The main unit 100 may be referred to as a Distribution & Aggregation Unit (DAU). Also, the main unit 100 may be referred to as a head-end unit.

The main unit 100 may include a TSN switch 400 to be described later. Alternatively, the main unit 100 may operate by being connected to the TSN switch 400 corresponding to the main unit 100 .

The main unit 100 may have a form in which a plurality of main units are connected to each other. Accordingly, one main unit may be connected to other main units. In addition, another main unit connected to one main unit may be referred to as an extended main unit. In addition, the main unit may be connected to other main units through the extended main unit.

The hub unit 200 may be connected to the main unit 100 and the remote unit 300 . For example, the hub unit 200 may be connected to the main unit 100 and the plurality of remote units 300 through a communication medium. Also, the hub unit 200 may be connected to the main unit 100 and the plurality of remote units 300 through an Ethernet cable. Here, the communication medium may include an optical fiber, a coaxial cable, an Ethernet cable, and the like.

The hub unit 200 may be connected between the main unit 100 and the remote unit 300 to expand the connection capacity of the remote unit 300 of the main unit 100 . For example, the hub unit 200 may be connected to the main unit 100 and may be connected to the first to sixth remote units 300a to 300f in various topological forms. For example, the hub unit 200 may be connected to the first to fourth remote units 300a to 300c in a star structure, and cascade with the fourth to fifth remote units 300d to 300e. structure can be connected. Accordingly, the main unit 100 is directly connected to the seventh to nth remote units (300g to 300n), and can be connected to the first to sixth remote units (300a to 300f) through the hub unit 200. have. The hub unit 200 may be connected to the remote unit in various topological forms in addition to the above-described exemplary structure. For example, the hub unit 200 may be connected to a plurality of remote units in the form of a star, a bus, a ring, a mesh, a tree, and the like.

In another embodiment, the distribution antenna system 10 may be configured in a topology in which the remote unit 300 is connected to the main unit 100 through the hub unit 200 .

The hub unit 200 may transmit a signal between the connected main unit 100 and the remote unit 300 . In addition, the hub unit 200 may convert the format of the transmitted signal during the signal transmission process.

For example, the hub unit 200 may convert a digital signal transmitted from the main unit 100 into an Ethernet format and transmit data converted into the Ethernet format to the remote unit 300 . In addition, the hub unit 200 may convert the Ethernet format signal transmitted from the remote unit 300 into a digital signal and transmit it to the main unit 100 .

The hub unit 200 may supply power to the remote unit 300 . For example, the hub unit 200 may supply power to the connected remote unit 300 through Power of Ethernet (PoE).

The hub unit 200 may monitor the current for each of a plurality of connected remote units 300 , and may automatically cut off power according to the monitoring.

The hub unit 200 may include a TSN switch 400 to be described later, and the hub unit 200 may be a TSN switch 400 .

Accordingly, the TSN switch 400 to be described later may perform the operation or function of the hub unit 200 described above.

Also, in the hub unit 200 , a plurality of TSN switches 400 may be configured in a hierarchical structure. Accordingly, the plurality of TSN switches 400 may perform the function of the hub unit 200 .

The remote unit 300 may be connected to the main unit 100 and may be connected to the main unit 100 through the hub unit 200 .

The remote unit 300 may output a signal transmitted from the main unit 100 through an antenna, and may transmit a terminal signal received through the antenna to the main unit 100 .

The remote unit 300 may be divided into high power and low power according to the output.

A remote unit with low power may be referred to as a low power radio node, and a remote unit with high power may be referred to as a high power radio node.

The remote unit 300 may include a built-in antenna (integrated antenna), and may be connected to an external antenna through an external antenna port (external antenna port).

In addition, the remote unit 300 may include or be connected to a plurality of antennas having directionality to transmit a signal to a specific area or a specific sector, and to receive a signal from a specific area or a specific sector.

For example, the remote unit 300 may include at least one sector antenna or be connected to the sector antenna.

In addition, the remote unit 300 may include or be connected to an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna.

The remote unit 300 may selectively operate only some of the built-in antenna and the external antenna.

The remote unit 300 may function as an extended remote unit 300 that extends a connection between another remote unit and the main unit 100 or the hub unit 200 . Accordingly, another remote unit may be connected to the main unit 100 or the hub unit 200 through the extended remote unit 300 .

In addition, a plurality of remote units connected through the extended remote unit 300 may be configured in various topologies. For example, a plurality of remote units connected through the extended remote unit 300 are configured in various forms such as a star, a bus, a ring, a mesh, and a tree. can be

A network management system (NMS) 50 may manage a network including the distributed antenna system 10 .

For example, the NMS 50 may monitor and control the components included in the distributed antenna system 10 , for example, the state and operation of one node.

The NMS 50 may include at least one of a centralized network setting module 60 , a centralized user setting module 70 , and a TSN controller 500 , which will be described later.

The description of the above-described distributed antenna system 10 is an example for description, and may be variously configured according to a designer's or user's selection. Accordingly, in addition to the digital processing configuration described above, the analog processing configuration may be implemented, or a mixture of the digital processing configuration and the analog processing configuration may be implemented.

In addition, the distributed antenna system 10 may further include or include components to be described later.

The distributed antenna system 10 according to various embodiments of the present invention may perform time-based synchronization of components in the distributed antenna system 10 using time-sensitive networking (TSN).

Here, TSN refers to an upgraded function of standard Ethernet, particularly the IEEE 802.1 standard.

TSN can provide a method for time synchronization of devices using packet transmission over Ethernet, the ability to use time coordinated to schedule periodic packet transmission, and a standard set of parameters for the configuration of all network elements.

Accordingly, the distributed antenna system 10 of the present invention can operate the TSN Ethernet-based, and use the time synchronization element of the TSN. Here, TSN synchronization may be provided through the IEEE 802.1AS standard.

IEEE 802.1AS is an IEEE 1588 profile that provides a common concept of time for all nodes within an IEEE 802.1AS subnet.

Synchronization of multiple devices uses packet-based communication and can be synchronized over long distances without the effect of signal propagation delay. For devices using the IEEE 1588 profile, I/O synchronization is less than 1 μs, but from tens to hundreds of nanoseconds depending on the system configuration. range can be greatly reduced.

The IEEE 802.1AS profile compensates for cable lengths between devices, allowing you to focus on the pros and cons each topology offers for a specific application, or create a hybrid topology that best suits the needs of the application.

Here, the hybrid topology may refer to a form of composing the entire network by combining two or more topologies. Accordingly, the distributed antenna system 10 according to various embodiments of the present invention may be configured as a network in which two or more topologies are combined.

Accordingly, the distributed antenna system 10 according to various embodiments of the present invention can use the above-described advantages by operating based on TSN.

A distributed antenna system including a TSN switch will be described with reference to FIG. 2 .

2 is an exemplary diagram of a distributed antenna system including a TSN switch according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a head end and a hub of the distributed antenna system 10 may include a TSN switch.

For example, the main unit 100 and the first TSN switch 400a may constitute a head end, and the second TSN switch 400b, the third TSN switch 400c, and the fourth TSN switch may be configured. 400d may constitute a hub.

In addition, each of the second TSN switch 400b, the third TSN switch 400c, and the fourth TSN switch 400d constituting the hub may be connected to the remote units 300a to 300i.

The TSN switch 400 may operate based on Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN). Accordingly, the TSN switch 400 may perform an operation for time synchronization using the TSN.

Meanwhile, in addition to the above-described TSN switch 400 , components included in the distributed antenna system 10 , the main unit 100 , the hub 200 , the remote unit 300 , etc. may all implement the TSN function, and the TSN It may support only some of the features. For example, the main unit 100, the hub 200, the remote unit 300, etc. implement the above-described TSN function, or some functions of the TSN, for example, time synchronization, packet preemption, A Time-Aware Shaper (TAS) function can be implemented.

Accordingly, the main unit 100 , the hub 200 , and the remote unit 300 may be TSN equipment. In the following description, for ease of description, descriptions of the implementation and execution of TSN functions of the main unit 100 , the hub 200 , and the remote unit 300 may be omitted.

In addition, the TSN switch 400 may switch packets to be transmitted as well as time synchronization using the TSN. Accordingly, the TSN switches can switch the uplink packet and the downlink packet. Here, the uplink packet and the downlink packet may mean an uplink Ethernet packet and a downlink Ethernet packet, and are the same hereafter.

For example, TSN switches may switch to transmit a downlink packet to the node it will arrive at, e.g., a remote unit.

In addition, the TSN switches may switch to transmit the uplink packet to a node to which it will arrive, for example, a main unit, and may sum up the uplink packets in the transmission process.

In addition, the TSN switches may receive, from the TSN controller 500 , control information on the operation of each TSN switch. In addition, the TSN switches may operate based on the received control information.

For example, the TSN switches receive control information for a flow of each uplink packet/downlink packet and summation of uplink packets and downlink packets from the TSN controller 500, and operate based on the received control information. can

The TSN controller 500 may have overall information on the inside of the network, and thus may have a global view. In addition, the TSN controller 500 may control internal components of the network based on the above-described overall information on the inside of the network and the overall viewpoint. Here, the inside of the network may refer to the inside of the network constituting the distributed antenna system 10 .

Specifically, the TSN controller 500 can know overall information within the network, such as the configuration of nodes inside the network, the connection configuration between nodes, the logical connection configuration, the state of each node and the state of each flow. In addition, the TSN controller 500 may control not only the TSN switches but also the configuration related to the TSN function in the distributed antenna system 10 based on the above-described overall information within the network.

The above-described TSN switch 400 may be a Software Defined Networking (SDN) switch and may include an SDN function. And the TSN controller 500 may be an SDN controller or may include an SDN controller. Therefore, the TSN controller 500 may perform an SDN function and may perform a control operation accordingly.

The TSN switch 400 may be referred to as a switch or a network switch.

The remote unit 300 may be connected to the TSN switch 400 to perform a distributed antenna service. Accordingly, the remote unit 300 may transmit a downlink signal or a downlink packet through an antenna, and may receive a signal from a terminal (not shown) within coverage and transmit it as an uplink signal.

In addition, the remote unit 300 may be configured in a hierarchical structure. For example, the first remote unit 300a connected to the second TSN switch 400b may be connected to the second remote unit 300b. Accordingly, the first remote unit 300a of the upper layer may transmit a downlink signal or a downlink packet to the second remote unit 300b of the lower layer, and the uplink received from the second remote unit 300b of the lower layer. A link signal or an uplink packet may be transmitted to the second TSN switch 400b. Through such a hierarchical structure, the connection and configuration between remote units can be expanded.

The TSN switch 400 of the above-described hierarchical structure may be included in the remote unit 300 or may be connected to the remote unit 300 . Therefore, the remote unit 300 may also perform a function or operation related to the TSN switch.

The above-described hierarchical structure should be interpreted as a logical hierarchical structure for describing the present invention. Accordingly, a hierarchical structure may not exist in the physical configuration of the distributed antenna system 10 according to various embodiments of the present invention. For example, the second TSN switch 400b and the seventh remote unit 300g, the eighth remote unit 300h, and the ninth remote unit 300i may be connected.

Although not described above, the main unit 100 may be directly connected to the remote unit 300 . For example, the TSN switch 400 connected to the main unit 100 or the TSN switch 400 included in the main unit 100 may be connected to the remote unit 300 .

The above-described distributed antenna system 10 may be configured in various forms.

For example, the distributed antenna system 10 may have various network types such as a star, a bus, a ring, a mesh, a tree, and a star structure. can be composed of In addition, the distributed antenna system 10 may be configured in a complex form including a plurality of network types.

3 is an exemplary diagram of a configuration of a distributed antenna system including a TSN switch according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the TSN switches 400a to 400d configured between the main units 100a to 100c and the remote units 300a to 300f may be configured in a hierarchical structure, and to be connected between the respective TSN switches. can

Each of the main units 100a to 100c may be connected to each of the first TSN switch 400a and the second TSN switch 400b, which are TSN switches located in an upper layer. In addition, each of the main units 100a to 100c may be directly connected to another main unit.

The TSN switches 400a and 400b of the upper layer may be connected to the TSN switches 400c and 400d of the lower layer, respectively.

Each of the third TSN switch 400c and the fourth TSN switch 400d, which are TSN switches of the lower layer, may be connected to the remote units 300a, 300c, and 300d, and other remote units 300b, 300e, 300f).

The TSN controller 500 may collect information related to the operation of the TSN switches 400 and transmit control information regarding the operation.

Here, the information related to the operation of the TSN switches 400 may refer to information related to an Ethernet packet passing through each of the TSN switches 400 such as flow, delay, and traffic, and each of the TSN switches 400 . It may include information related to the status of

In addition, the information related to the operation of the TSN switches 400 may include information related to a communication state in the distributed antenna system 10 , a network state, and the like.

The TSN controller 500 may collect the above-described information collection using telemetry.

Specifically, the TSN controller 500 is distributed using flow unit information collection (eg, NetFlow), traffic sampling (eg, sFlow), and a counter-based network monitoring method (eg, Simple Network Management Protocol). Information related to a communication state, a network state, etc. in the antenna system 10 may be collected.

Also, the TSN controller 500 may collect network telemetry in an in-band manner. Here, the in-band method refers to a method of inserting telemetry data into existing data traffic to collect telemetry data without generating a separate detection packet. In the in-band method, a code for tracking a movement path is added to all generated data packets, and the path traveled by the packet can be checked through the code.

Such in-band network telemetry is a network monitoring framework using the P4 programming language, and it is possible to collect network status in the data plane without intervention of the control plane. For example, the TSN controller 500 may collect network status information, such as switch ID, incoming port related information (eg, port ID, time stamp), and outgoing port related information (eg, port ID, timestamp). , hop delay, link usage rate, etc.), buffer-related information (eg, queue usage, queue congestion status), etc. can be collected.

Accordingly, the TSN controller 500 according to various embodiments of the present invention can collect network telemetry in an in-band method as well as in the existing network monitoring method, so detailed network information in packet units in real time can be collected. Accordingly, the present invention can improve network visibility by using the above-described in-band network telemetry.

In addition, the control information for the above-described operation may include switching information for transmitting uplink packets/downlink packets, and uplink packet summing information. The switching information for transmitting the uplink packet/downlink packet may include information on a transmission path of the uplink packet/downlink packet.

The TSN controller 500 may perform the same role as the SDN controller. For example, the TSN controller 500 may determine a flow, which is a packet transmission path, and transmit information on the determined transmission path to the TSN switch 400 . In addition, the TSN controller 500 determines, based on the network state and topology information in the distributed antenna system 10, the transmission path and the uplink packet summation of each uplink packet/downlink packet, and sets the result of the determination to the TSN switch can be sent to (400). Therefore, the TSN controller 500 may control the operation of the TSN switch 400 or the uplink summing module 600 to be described later.

At least one of the TSN switches 400 in the distributed antenna system 10 may include an uplink summation module for summing uplink packets. Also, the main unit 100 or the remote unit 300 in the distributed antenna system 10 may include an uplink summing module. The uplink summing module will be described later.

Meanwhile, the TSN controller 500 may communicate not only with the TSN switch 400 but also with other components in the distributed antenna system 10 , and may transmit and receive information related to control, and may transmit and receive control signals.

For example, the TSN controller 500 may communicate with at least one of the main unit 100 and the remote unit 300 , may transmit/receive information related to control, and may transmit/receive control signals.

In addition, the TSN controller 500 may communicate with the above-described NMS 50 , and may transmit and receive information related to control from the NMS 50 . And, as described above, the TSN controller 500 may be included in the NMS 50 .

A control interface of the distributed antenna system 10 according to various embodiments of the present invention will be described.

4 is an exemplary diagram of a distributed antenna system including a control interface configuration according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4 , the distributed antenna system 10 may include a centralized user configuration module 70 and a centralized network configuration module 60 .

The centralized network setting module 60 may receive communication requirements from the centralized user setting module 70 and perform network setting.

For example, the centralized network configuration module 60 may perform scheduling of a delivery path and TSN flows.

The centralized network setting module 60 may perform network management based on the above-described telemetry. Specifically, the centralized network setting module 60 is the main unit 100, the remote unit 300, the TSN switch 500 tracked by the NMS 50, the TSN controller 500, etc. For example, end-to-end (end-to-end) including real-time information on input/output and input/output, movement path for all Ethernet frames/data packets from the perspective of the entire network, and processing time at each node. ) receives real-time information on performance (eg, throughput, delay, jitter), etc., and performs the above-described network setting, transmission path and scheduling of flows based on the delivered real-time information can do.

Also, the centralized network setting module 60 may configure the TSN switches 400a and 400b.

The centralized network configuration module 60 may aggregate requests received from the centralized user configuration module 70 .

The centralized network configuration module 60, for each received communication requirements, a delivery path (routing), an end-to-end transmission for each TSN flow, scheduling (scheduling) , at least one of the calculated scheduling results may be transmitted to each TSN switch 400 .

The centralized network setting module 60 may calculate a schedule after receiving a request for all flows from a user and the centralized user setting module 70 .

Here, the centralized network setting module 60 may be an application executed in a user premise.

The centralized network setting module 60 may include a scheduler. Here, the scheduler may be referred to as a TSN scheduler. In addition, the scheduler may perform the above-described schedule calculation. The scheduler may be included in the above-described TSN controller 500 .

The centralized user setting module 70 defines a sender and a receiver based on a physical topology, on a topology tree/map, and a correlation between a flow specification and a flow relationship can be entered.

For example, the centralized user setting module 70 defines the main unit 100 and the remote unit 300 on the topology tree/map, based on the physical topology, A bandwidth, latency, jitter, frame size, and correlation between flows included in the flow specification may be input.

Meanwhile, as described above, for the schedule calculated by the centralized network module 60, a user's confirmation process may be performed, and the calculated schedule may be distributed after confirmation.

The configuration identified here is the ID of each TSN flow, the start and end of transmission window at each hop, and the start and end of the reception window at each hop (start and end). of receive window at each hop), computed end-to-end latency. In addition, the ID of each TSN flow may include a destination MAC (DMAC), a virtual LAN (VLAN), and a class of service (CoS).

The above-described centralized user setting module 70 and centralized network setting module 60 may provide a fully centralized setting or a partially centralized setting.

As such, the distributed antenna system 10 according to various embodiments of the present invention may provide a control interface to the distributed antenna system 10 . And the distributed antenna system 10, through the above-described centralized user setting module 70 and centralized network setting module 60, based on the correlation between the information, flow specifications and flows defined on the topology tree / map After receiving a request for flows, a schedule may be calculated, and the calculated schedule may be checked and then distributed.

In addition, the distributed antenna system 10 may also perform trouble shooting for a distributed schedule through the centralized user setting module 70 and the centralized network setting module 60 .

Hereinafter, the configuration of the main unit 100 , the remote unit 300 and the TSN switch 400 will be described in detail.

5 is a block diagram of a main unit configuration according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the main unit 100 includes an RF module 110 , an Ethernet module 115 , a converting module 117 , an ADC/DAC 120 , a framer 130 , a resampler 140 , a CPU ( 150 ), a MAC/PHY 160 , a transceiver 170 , and a power supply module 190 .

The RF module 110 may include a plurality of RF modules.

In an embodiment, each of the plurality of RF modules may receive and transmit RF signals of different bands.

In another embodiment, each of the plurality of RF modules may be connected to a different base station to receive a downlink signal and transmit an uplink signal.

The RF module 110 may attenuate the downlink signal and may convert the downlink signal into a digital signal. For example, the RF module 110 may attenuate an RF signal that is a downlink signal and convert it into a digital signal.

The RF module 110 may convert an uplink signal into an RF signal and amplify it. For example, the RF module 110 may convert a digital signal that is an uplink signal into an RF signal and amplify it.

The RF module 110 may include an Ethernet module 115 to be described later.

The Ethernet module 115 may include a digital signal interface and may receive a digital signal, for example, an Ethernet packet. And the Ethernet module 115 may transmit an Ethernet packet.

Specifically, the Ethernet module 115 may interface to receive a digital signal of a standard such as Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) and Open Baseband Remote Radiohead Interface (OBSAI).

For example, the Ethernet module 115 may interface a digitized radio signal transmitted through Ethernet as defined in Ethernet based Common Public Radio Interface (eCPRI), IEEE 1914. In addition, the Ethernet module 115 may directly receive a digital signal transmitted through CRPI and OBSAI and convert it to eCPRI. The conversion will be described in the converting module 117 .

In addition, the Ethernet module 115 may receive and transmit various Ethernet signals.

The Ethernet module 115 may interface with Centralized Radio Access Networks (C-RAN), Radio Access eXchange (RAX), integrated All-in-one BTS (BTS), etc. to transmit and receive digital signals. .

The converting module 117 may convert a received digital signal of a specific standard. For example, the converting module 117 may receive a digital signal of a standard such as Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) and Open Baseband Remote Radiohead Interface (OBSAI) and convert it to an ethernet based Common Public Radio Interface (eCPRI) standard. .

In addition, the converting module 117 may convert the eCPRI standard into CPRI and OBSAI standards by inverse conversion.

The converting module 117 may be included in the Ethernet module 115 .

Also, the Ethernet module 115 may transmit a digital signal in an uplink direction to the source 1 .

ADC/DAC (Analog to Digital Converter/Digital to Analog Converter, 120) may perform conversion between analog and digital. For example, the ADC/DAC 120 may convert an analog signal into a digital signal and convert the digital signal into an analog signal.

The framer 130 may frame the Ethernet.

For example, the framer 130 may frame a digital signal, a CPRI signal, an eCPRI signal, an OBSAI signal, etc. transmitted in the downlink direction as a DAS frame.

Here, the DAS frame may mean a digital frame used in the distributed antenna system 10 . The DAS frame may be in the form of a dedicated frame used only in the distributed antenna system 10, or may be in the form of a frame according to various standard standards.

Also, the framer 130 may de-framing the Ethernet frame. For example, the framer 130 may deframe the DAS frame transmitted in the uplink direction.

The framer 130 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 6 .

6 is a block diagram of a framer configuration according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 6 , a framer 130/330 includes a DAS/Ethernet framer 131/ 331, a RoE framer (Radio over Ethernet framer, 133/333), and an eCPRI framer (ethernet based Common Public Radio Interface framer, 135/335). ), and may include at least one of a DAS/Ethernet framer (131/331), an RoE framer (133/333), and an eCPRI framer (135/335).

Accordingly, the framers 130/330 may perform framing/deframing using various types of Ethernet frames.

For example, the framers 130/330 may frame a received packet in a downlink direction as a DAS frame, and may deframe various types of frames in a received uplink direction. Therefore, the framer 130/330 may perform framing/deframing of various types of frames as a frame for a distributed antenna system in addition to the above-described type.

The above-described framers 130/330 may be included in not only the main unit 100 but also the remote unit 300 .

Reference is again made to FIG. 5 .

The resampler (Resampler, 140) may resample the received digital signal. For example, when the digital signal received by the Ethernet module 115 requires resampling, the resample 140 may resample the corresponding digital signal, and may transmit the resampled digital signal to the framer 130 . For example, the resampler 140 may resample the eCPRI standard digital signal and transmit it to the framer 130 .

In addition, the resampler 140 may resample the digital signal received from the framer 130 in the reverse direction described above.

The CPU (Central Processing Unit, 150 ) may process various operations related to the operation of the main unit 100 .

Also, the CPU 150 may execute instructions related to the function of the main unit 100 .

The MAC/PHY 160 may include a Media Access Controller (MAC) and a Physical Layer (PHY).

The MAC/PHY 160 may encode the received data or decode the encoded data. In addition, the MAC/PHY 160 may convert a signal or data to be suitable for a transmission method.

Transceiver 170 may transmit and receive Ethernet packets. For example, the MAC / PHY 160 transmits an Ethernet packet to at least one of the hub unit 200 to which the main unit 100 is connected, the remote unit 300 , and the TSN switch 400 through the transceiver 170 . can receive

The transceiver 170 may interface between the RF module 110 or the Ethernet module 115 and at least one of the hub unit 200 , the remote unit 300 , and the TSN switch 400 .

In addition, the transceiver 170 may support extension for interfacing with other main units. Accordingly, the main unit 100 may be connected to another main unit through the transceiver 170 .

The main unit 100 may aggregate packets received from the RF module 110 or the Ethernet module 115 under the control of the TSN controller 500 , and the hub unit 200 and the remote unit (300), it can be distributed to at least one of the TSN switch (400). For example, the transceiver 170 may be connected to at least one of the hub unit 200 , the remote unit 300 , and the TSN switch 400 through at least one of an optical port and an Ethernet port, and the main unit The 100 may distribute the aggregated packet to at least one of the connected hub unit 200 , the remote unit 300 , and the TSN switch 400 under the control of the TSN controller 500 .

The main unit 100 may perform noise rejection filtering and rate conversion. For example, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor, not shown) included in the main unit 100 may perform rate conversion, and a filter (not shown) included in the main unit 100 may perform noise removal filtering. can be done

The main unit 100 may perform band allocation according to signal transmission under the control of the TSN controller 500 and may also perform sectorization. Also, the main unit 100 may operate to perform SISO/MIMO signal routing under the control of the TSN controller 500 .

In addition, not only the main unit 100 but also the TSN switch 500 and the remote unit 300 perform the above-described operations for band allocation, sectorization, and SISO/MIMO signal routing under the control of the TSN switch 500 . can do.

Specifically, the TSN controller 500 may instruct the main unit 100, the remote unit 300, the TSN switch 500, etc. to change a flow, change a flow tag, etc. for flow division, flow distribution, etc. Configurations in the distributed antenna system 10 may be controlled to perform band allocation, sectorization, and SISO/MIMO signal routing.

The power supply module 190 may convert input and output power. For example, the power supply module 190 may convert input and output power from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) or DC to AC.

A configuration according to the operation of the above-described main unit 100 will be described with reference to FIG. 7 .

7 is a conceptual diagram of a main unit according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 7 , when the main unit 100 receives the downlink signal through the RF module 110 , the framer 130 may frame the downlink signal through the ADC/DAC 120 . A framed Ethernet packet, for example, a DAS frame may be transmitted to at least one of the hub unit 200, the remote unit 300, and the TSN switch 400 through the transceiver 170 via the MAC/PHY 160. .

When the main unit 100 receives a digital signal through the Ethernet module 117 , it may transmit it to the framer 130 to frame the received digital signal. For example, when the main unit 100 receives the eCPRI standard digital signal, it can be transferred to the framer 130 to frame the DAS frame. The DAS frame may be transmitted to at least one of the hub unit 200 , the remote unit 300 , and the TSN switch 400 through the transceiver 170 via the MAC/PHY 160 .

The main unit 100 may convert the digital signal received by the converting module 117 as necessary, and may resample the digital signal by the resampler 140 . For example, when the Ethernet module 115 of the main unit 100 receives a digital signal of the CPRI standard, the converting module 117 converts it to the eCRPI standard, and when resampling is required, it is transmitted to the resampling unit 140 for resampling. can do. In addition, the converted digital signal or the resampled digital signal may be transmitted to the framer 130 and framed as a DAS frame. The DAS frame may be transmitted to at least one of the hub unit 200 , the remote unit 300 , and the TSN switch 400 through the transceiver 170 via the MAC/PHY 160 .

And when the main unit 100 receives the uplink packet through the transceiver 170 , the framer 130 may deframe the uplink packet through the MAC/PHY 160 . In one embodiment, the deframed packet may be transmitted to the source 1 through the RF module 110 via the ADC/DAC 120 . In another embodiment, the deframed packet may be transmitted to the source 1 via the Ethernet module 115 . In this case, the format of the deframed packet may be converted by the converting module 117 as necessary.

8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a remote unit according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 8 , the remote unit 300 includes an RF module 310 , an ADC/DAC 320 , a framer 330 , a CPU 350 , a MAC/PHY 360 , a transceiver 370 and a power supply module. (390).

The RF module 310 may transmit an RF signal to a terminal (not shown) within coverage, and may receive an RF signal from the terminal.

The RF module 310 may include a built-in antenna, and may include a duplexer filter or a band pass filter (BPF) filter.

The RF module 310 may amplify and filter the downlink RF signal.

The RF module 310 may filter and amplify the uplink RF signal.

The RF module 310 may select the connection and use between the built-in antenna and the external antenna port.

In addition, the RF module 310 may include a mechanical connector for selection between an internal antenna and an external antenna port.

The built-in antenna embedded in the RF module 310 may be included in various combinations.

ADC/DAC (Analog to Digital Converter/Digital to Analog Converter, 320) may perform conversion between analog and digital. For example, the ADC/DAC 320 may convert an analog signal into a digital signal and convert the digital signal into an analog signal.

Framer 330 is capable of Ethernet framing and deframing.

The framer 330 has been described above.

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) 350 may process various operations related to the operation of the remote unit 300 .

Also, the CPU 350 may execute instructions related to the function of the remote unit 300 .

The MAC/PHY 360 may include a Media Access Controller (MAC) and a Physical Layer (PHY).

The MAC/PHY 360 may encode the received data or decode the encoded data. In addition, the MAC/PHY 360 may convert a signal or data to be suitable for a transmission method.

MAC/PHY 360 may transmit and receive Ethernet packets. For example, the MAC/PHY 360 sends an Ethernet packet to at least one of the main unit 100 to which the remote unit 300 is connected, the hub unit 200, and the TSN switch 400 through the transceiver 370 and can receive

The transceiver 370 may interface between the RF module 310 and at least one of the main unit 100 , the hub unit 200 , another remote unit, and the TSN switch 400 .

In addition, the transceiver 370 may support extensions for interfacing with other remote units. Accordingly, through the transceiver 370 , the remote unit 300 may be connected to another remote unit and function as an extended remote unit.

The remote unit 300 may aggregate signals received from the RF module 110 under the control of the TSN controller 500 , and may include the main unit 100 , the hub unit 200 , and other remote units. It can be distributed to at least one of the unit and the TSN switch 400 .

For example, the transceiver 370 transmits the aggregated signal through at least one of an optical port and an Ethernet port to the main unit 100 , the hub unit 200 , another remote unit, and the TSN switch 400 . It can be connected to at least one of the remote unit 300 and the aggregated packet according to the control of the TSN controller 500 is distributed to at least one of the connected main unit 100 , the hub unit 200 , and the TSN switch 400 can do.

The remote unit 300 may perform noise rejection filtering and rate conversion. For example, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor, not shown) included in the remote unit 300 may perform rate conversion, and a filter (not shown) included in the remote unit 300 performs noise removal filtering. can be done

The remote unit 300 may perform band allocation according to signal transmission and may also perform sectorization under the control of the TSN controller 500 .

In addition, the remote unit 300 may perform SISO/MIMO signal routing under the control of the TSN controller 500 .

Operations according to the control of the TSN controller 500 have been described in the description of the main unit 100 , and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The power supply module 390 may convert input and output power. For example, the power supply module 390 may convert input and output power from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) or DC to AC.

A configuration according to the operation of the above-described remote unit 300 will be described with reference to FIG. 7 .

9 is a conceptual diagram of a remote unit according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 9 , when the remote unit 300 receives the downlink packet through the transceiver 370 , it may deframe the downlink packet in the framer 330 via the MAC/PHY 360 . The deframed packet may be transmitted to a terminal (not shown) within coverage through the RF module 310 via the ADC/DAC 320 .

When the remote unit 300 receives an uplink signal from a terminal (not shown) within coverage through the RF module 310 , the uplink signal may be framed by the framer 330 via the ADC/DAC 320 . . The framed uplink signal may be transmitted to at least one of the main unit 100, the hub unit 200, the upper-level remote unit, and the TSN switch 400 through the transceiver 370 via the MAC/PHY 360. have.

10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a TSN switch according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 10 , the TSN switch 400 may include a main switch module 410 , a system CPU module 430 , a system management module 450 , and a power supply module 490 .

The main switch module 410 may switch Ethernet packets.

For example, the main switch module 410 may switch each of the uplink packet/downlink packet to be transmitted according to a flow.

The main switch module 410 may switch flows based on the received schedule information. Here, the schedule information may be received from the scheduler and may be received from the TSN controller 500 .

The system CPU module 430 may control the overall operation of the TSN switch 400 .

For example, the system CPU module 430 may perform an operation related to TSN synchronization of the TSN switch 400 and an operation related to flow switching. Also, the system CPU module 430 may perform an operation for acquiring scheduling information.

The system management module 450 may manage a system of the TSN switch 400 .

The system CPU module 430 and the system management module 450 may be configured as one module or a plurality of modules. Accordingly, the system CPU module 430 and the system management module 450 may be configured as integrated modules.

The TSN switch 400 may further include an IO module (Input/Output module, not shown). The IO module may include input/output ports. The IO module may be included in the main switch module 410 .

The TSN switch 400 may be connected to another node through an IO module.

The TSN switch 400 may further include a fan module for cooling.

The power supply module 490 may supply power to the TSN switch 400 .

The power supply module 490 may convert input and output power. For example, the power supply module 390 may convert input and output power from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) or DC to AC.

On the other hand, at least one of the above-described main unit 100, hub unit 200, remote unit 300 and TSN switch 400 is an uplink summation module (Uplink Summation Module, 600) for summing uplink Ethernet packets. may include

The uplink summing module 600 may sum up a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets.

The uplink summing module 600 may sum up the uplink Ethernet packets at the provided location, and may output the summed Ethernet packets. The summed uplink Ethernet packets may be transmitted in the uplink direction.

The uplink summing module 600 will be described with reference to FIG. 11 .

11 is a block diagram of an uplink summing module configuration according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 11 , the uplink summing module 600 may be implemented in a form including various configurations.

As a first embodiment, referring to FIG. 11A , the uplink summation module 600 may include an uplink summation engine (UL Summation Engine) 610 .

As a second embodiment, referring to FIG. 11B , the uplink summing module 600 may include an uplink summing engine 610 and a PHY/MAC 630 .

As a third embodiment, referring to FIG. 11C , the uplink summing module 600 may include an uplink summing engine 610 , a PHY/MAC 630 , and a transceiver 650 .

As such, the uplink summing module 600 may be implemented in various forms depending on a provided location and a connected configuration.

The uplink summation engine 610 may sum up a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets.

The uplink aggregation engine 610 may serve as a payload/worker.

The uplink aggregation engine 610 may normalize the uplink Ethernet packet and may be time aligned. Accordingly, the uplink Ethernet packets summed in the uplink summing engine 610 may be generalized and time adjusted. This will be described later.

The PHY/MAC 630 may include a Physical Layer (PHY) and a Media Access Controller (MAC).

The PHY/MAC 630 may encode the received data or decode the encoded data.

The PHY/MAC/630 may convert a signal or data to be suitable for a transmission scheme.

The PHY/MAC/630 may transmit and receive Ethernet packets.

Transceiver 650 may interface with other devices. For example, the transceiver 650 may interface with the configuration including the uplink summation module 600 and the TSN switch 400 , the remote unit 300 , and the like.

12 is a conceptual diagram for uplink summation according to various embodiments of the present invention.

12 is an example of uplink summation in the case of PHY-to-PHY connection.

12 , the transceiver 650 of the uplink summing module 600 includes a plurality of uplinks from a port of the TSN switch 500 connected through an optical link or an internal connection. Ethernet packets can be received. Here, the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets may be Ethernet packets transmitted from a plurality of different remote units 300 . Specifically, the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets may mean a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets transmitted from a plurality of remote units requiring summation, and may mean a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets having different flows. have.

The plurality of uplink Ethernet packets received through the transceiver 650 may be delivered to the uplink summation engine 610 via the PHY/MAC 630 .

The uplink summing engine 610 may normalize by giving a weight to each of a plurality of transmitted uplink Ethernet packets.

In addition, the uplink aggregation engine 610 may time-align a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets.

For example, the uplink summation engine 610 may add different weights Wa(x) and Wb(x) to each of the uplink Ethernet packets, respectively, and add them, and the summed result Sa(x)Wa(x) )+Sb(x)Wb(x) can be output. Also, the uplink summing engine 610 may add the uplink Ethernet packets by giving the same weight to each.

where Si(x) is the packetized signal sampled at time t=x, and Wi(x) is the weight of Si(x) at time x time t=x). And i may belong to a flow summation set.

In this way, the uplink summing engine 610 may normalize the uplink Ethernet packet by assigning weights to each of the uplink Ethernet packets.

The summation according to the weighting of the above-described uplink summation module 600 will be described in detail.

First, weight distribution for each node of the TSN controller 500 and uplink summation using the distributed weight will be described with reference to FIG. 13 .

13 is a conceptual diagram of weight distribution according to various embodiments of the present invention.

The nodes shown in FIG. 13 may be one of the configurations in the distributed antenna system 10 . For example, each of the nodes may be one of the main unit 100 , the hub 200 , the remote unit 300 , and the TSN switch 500 .

Referring to FIG. 13 , the TSN controller 500 may distribute a weight to each node in the distributed antenna system 10 . For example, the TSN controller 500 may distribute a weight to each of the first to ninth nodes. Here, the distributed weights may be the same or different. In addition, the TSN controller 500 may dynamically distribute weights to each node.

The TSN controller 500 may assign a weight to each of the nodes in the corresponding flow based on the flow of each of the summed uplink Ethernet packets and the nodes passing according to the flow. Also, the TSN controller 500 may distribute a weight for uplink summation to each node based on the collected network telemetry.

Based on the above description, weighting in the uplink summing module 600 and summing a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets will be described.

In an embodiment, the uplink summing module 600 may sum up a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets based on a weight distributed to each node. For example, the TSN controller 500 may distribute a weight to each node, and the uplink summing module 600 corresponding to each node adds up a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets using the weight distributed to the node. can do.

In a specific embodiment, the TSN controller 500 may distribute the weight W/n, obtained by dividing the total weight W to be distributed on one path by the number n of nodes on the corresponding path, to the nodes on the corresponding path. In addition, the uplink summing module 600 corresponding to the nodes to which the weight W/n is distributed may use the distributed weight W/n to sum up a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets at the node.

In another specific embodiment, the TSN controller 500 may distribute the total weight W to be distributed on one path differently to each node on the corresponding path. Here, the sum of the weights differently distributed to each node may be the total weight W.

The uplink summing module 600 corresponding to the nodes to which the weight W/n is distributed may use the distributed weight W/n to sum up a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets at the node.

The weights distributed to each node described above may be dynamically distributed.

In addition, the uplink summing module 600 may combine the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets using maximal ratio combining.

For example, each of the uplink summing modules 600 corresponding to each node in the distributed antenna system 10 multiplies each of a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets to be received or transmitted to the corresponding node by an appropriate weight, Link Ethernet packets can be summed.

The uplink aggregation engine 610 may time-align each of the uplink Ethernet packets.

In more detail, the uplink summing engine 610 may time-align each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets so that the time synchronization of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets is the same. The uplink summing engine 610 may sort the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets based on the time stamp of each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets. Therefore, the uplink aggregation engine 610 may align uplink Ethernet packets corresponding to the same time stamp. In this case, the uplink summing engine 610 may time-align each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets by using a time stamp having excellent resolution.

For example, the uplink summing engine 610 may time-align the uplink Ethernet packets by giving a time weight to each of a plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets.

The uplink summation engine 610 may give different time weights to each uplink Ethernet packet for time alignment.

The uplink Ethernet packet summed in the uplink summing engine 610 may be delivered to the transceiver 650 via the PHY/MAC 630 .

The transceiver 650 may transmit the summed uplink Ethernet packet to the TSN switch 500 . Accordingly, the TSN switch 500 may transmit the summed uplink Ethernet packet in the uplink direction.

As a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets are summed and transmitted in the uplink summing module 600 , the distributed antenna system 10 according to various embodiments of the present invention may utilize an Ethernet frame while maximizing bandwidth.

The above-described uplink summing module 600 may be included in the TSN switch 500 or included in the remote unit 300 .

As an embodiment, the uplink summing module 600 may be configured to be included in one node. For example, the uplink summing module 600 may be included in the TSN switch 500, thereby reducing transmission delay. Specifically, when the uplink summation module 600 is included in the TSN switch 500, the inter-PHY delay may be reduced. This may mean a delay (②) according to the reception and transmission shown in FIG. 15 .

In another embodiment, the uplink summing module 600 may be an independent configuration that is not included in one node. For example, the uplink summing module 600 may receive uplink summation target uplink Ethernet packets from at least one node, and sum at least some of the received uplink Ethernet packets to output the summed uplink Ethernet packets. In this case, the uplink summing module 600 may have a large-capacity processing capability for summing up a large number of uplink Ethernet packets. For example, the uplink summing module 600 having a large-capacity processing capability may be connected to a plurality of nodes to perform the same role as the above-described main unit 100 .

The configuration of the uplink summing engine 610 will be described with reference to FIG. 14 .

14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the configuration of an uplink summation engine according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

14 is an example of uplink summation in case of MAC-to-MAC connection.

Referring to FIG. 14 , when the uplink summing engine 610 receives a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets according to the MAC-to-MAC connection from the PHY/MAC 630, through an input arbiter, each of the plurality of uplink It is possible to perform header parsing of link Ethernet packets.

The uplink summation engine 610 may extract a flow matching a lookup from a plurality of header-analyzed uplink Ethernet packets.

The uplink aggregation engine 610 may classify the extracted flows based on queues.

The uplink summation engine 610 may schedule the classified flows and perform packet-wise summation according to packets. Here, the uplink summing engine 610 may rewrite the summation according to the packet. In addition, the uplink aggregation engine 610 may drop packets based on the summation. Here, the summation may mean the summation of payloads included in the packet.

The uplink summing engine 610 may deliver the summed uplink Ethernet packets according to the packets to the PHY/MAC 630 through an output queue. And the summed uplink Ethernet packet may be transmitted to the TSN switch 500 through the PHY/MAC 630 .

The configurations of the uplink summation engine 610 described above may be implemented as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).

The summation of a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets will be described.

The uplink summing module 600 may sum up a portion of each of a plurality of flows in the same flow and the same time zone based on the flow ID and timestamp of the queue head of each of the plurality of received Ethernet packets. For example, the uplink summing module 600 may sum a portion of each stream corresponding to each of a plurality of Ethernet packets. In this case, the uplink summing module 600 may add up a portion of each stream corresponding to each of the plurality of Ethernet packets based on the time stamp and considering the time difference. The uplink summing module 600 may sum in units of symbols and blocks, and may sum the same times based on a window indicating the same time period.

The uplink summing module 600 may cut out only a portion of a frame from each of a plurality of Ethernet packets to be summed, and add the cut portions together. For example, the uplink summing module 600 may cut out payloads to be summed in the same time period in the target frame of each of a plurality of Ethernet packets to be summed, and sum the cut payloads.

When the summation target consists of only the payload, the uplink summation module 600 may cut out only a part of the summation target in the same time period and add the cut parts regardless of the frame unit.

For example, the uplink summing module 600 may sum a plurality of Ethernet packets based on a predetermined window. The uplink summing module 600 may check a time stamp of each of a plurality of Ethernet packets included in one window, and align Ethernet packets of the same time. In addition, the uplink summing module 600 may remove the Ethernet head of each of a plurality of Ethernet packets of the same time and add up only the payload. Accordingly, the present invention removes the Ethernet head including the same information, generates a summed uplink Ethernet packet combining only the payloads, and transmits the combined uplink Ethernet packet with the payloads, so that the bandwidth can be efficiently used. have. In particular, when the size of the payload of the Ethernet packet is smaller than or similar to that of the Ethernet head, bandwidth efficiency can be greatly improved by deleting unnecessary redundant Ethernet heads.

On the other hand, the summing of a plurality of Ethernet packets of the uplink summing module 600 may be variously applied according to the Ethernet packet frame structure, etc., but as described above, through the method of removing the overlapping Ethernet head and summing only the payload, of Ethernet packets can be summed.

The uplink summing module 600 according to various embodiments of the present invention may include at least one of a state of a plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets, a layer in which the uplink summing module 600 is located, and a state of the distributed antenna system 10 . In consideration of , it may be determined whether to sum at least some of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets received, and the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets may be summed according to the determination.

Specifically, the uplink summing module 600 is configured to transmit a plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets without summing a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets in a layer of a node to which the uplink summing module 600 is connected or included, and a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets. It can be determined whether it is advantageous in terms of latency and bandwidth among the summation and transmission of .

Here, the layer may mean one layer in the multi-layer structure, or may mean one level in the multi-level structure. Also, a node to which the uplink aggregation module 600 is connected may be referred to as an aggregation node.

For example, based on the network state, the uplink summing module 600 transmits a plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets without summing the delay and bandwidth between the case of adding and transmitting the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets. It can be judged whether it is advantageous in terms of

In one embodiment, the uplink summing module 600 adds up and transmits uplink Ethernet packets in terms of delay and bandwidth based on various information collected through telemetry as described above or transmits without summing them. You can decide whether it is advantageous. Specifically, the uplink summing module 600 is configured to transmit a plurality of pieces of information transmitted to the uplink summing module 600 to the uplink summing module 600 based on information such as a communication state and a network state in the distributed antenna system 10 collected from the TSN controller 500 . It may be determined whether to transmit at least a portion of the uplink Ethernet packets by summing or not to transmit the summation.

Meanwhile, the uplink summation module 600 may perform uplink summation under the control of the TSN controller 500 without directly determining the uplink summation. For example, the TSN controller 500 determines whether uplink summing of at least one uplink summing module 600 in the distributed antenna system 10 is performed based on the network status, and according to the determination result, the distributed antenna system ( 10) may control an uplink summation operation of at least one uplink summation module 600 in FIG.

In general, in a multiple level delivery tree in the distributed antenna system 10, the summation of uplink Ethernet packets delivered in the uplink direction divides uplink flows into the last layer in terms of delay. Alternatively, it is advantageous to sum at the level, and from the viewpoint of bandwidth, it is advantageous to sum for each layer or level requiring summation.

In particular, in the case of uplink, from a plurality of remote units 300 to one main unit 100, there is a relationship that multiple sources to a single destination, so that multiple flows are mapped to a single flow (multiple flows to a single flow mapping) may occur.

Accordingly, in the distributed antenna system 10 according to various embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the TSN controller 500 and the uplink summing module 600 determines whether the uplink Ethernet packet is summed and the level at which the uplink Ethernet packet is to be summed. It may be determined, and a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets may be summed and transmitted at the determined level. Here, the level means one level on a delivery tree of multiple levels in the distributed antenna system 10 , and may mean the above-described layer.

In addition, the TSN switch 400 connected to the uplink summation module 600 or including the uplink summation module 600 may determine whether to sum up a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets at a corresponding level. For example, the system CPU module 430 of the TSN switch 400 may determine whether uplink summing is performed at the corresponding level.

First, the uplink Ethernet packet summation determination of the uplink summation module 600 will be described.

15 is a conceptual diagram of delay in an uplink summing module according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 15 , the TSN switch 400 included in the distributed antenna system 10 may be located at one level on a multiple level delivery tree. For example, the TSN switch 400 may be located at a level between the main unit 100 and the remote unit 300 .

The TSN switch 400 may be connected to the uplink summation module 600 for summing at a corresponding level. The uplink summing module 600 may be included in the TSN switch 400 .

The uplink summing module 600 may determine whether a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets are summed and the summation operation in consideration of the level of the connected TSN switch 400 and the delay according to the level in the multi-level transmission tree. .

For example, the delay that the uplink summing module 600 considers at the corresponding level is the pass delay occurring while passing through the connected TSN switch 400 , the reception/transmission delay in the uplink summing module 600 , and the uplink summation. There may be a summing delay according to the summing operation in the module 600 .

Specifically, referring to FIG. 15 , at the level at which the TSN switch 400 is located, the delay related to the uplink Ethernet packet is a transit delay that occurs while the uplink Ethernet packets transmitted at the lower level are transmitted to the TSN switch 400 . (①), the delay due to reception and transmission transmitted to the uplink summing module 600 (②), the delay due to the summation in the uplink summing module 600 (③), and the summed signal are transmitted to the TSN switch 400 There is a transit delay (④) for passing through and upstream. Accordingly, a delay that may occur when summing uplinks at the corresponding level may be ①+②+③+④. And the delay that may occur during uplink transmission without adding uplink at the corresponding level may be ①+② or ①+②+③.

In consideration of the delay that may occur at each level on the multi-level propagation tree in the distributed antenna system 10 as described above, the TSN controller 500 or the uplink summing module 600 is configured for the uplink at each level. It is possible to determine whether Ethernet packets are summed.

Specifically, the uplink summing module 600 may calculate a forward delay and a summation delay of a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and based on the calculated forwarding delay and summation delay, the received plurality It can be determined whether the Ethernet uplink signals of

Accordingly, the TSN controller 500 or the uplink summing module 600 determines the summation of the uplink Ethernet packets so that the bandwidth according to the summation of a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets can be utilized to the maximum while considering such a delay. can

Based on the above-described uplink summation, uplink transmission will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 to 16 .

16 is an exemplary diagram for uplink summation according to various embodiments of the present invention.

16 is a description of an embodiment of uplink summing in a lower level TSN switch according to the determination of the TSN controller 500 or the uplink summing module 600 .

Referring to FIG. 16 , the TSN switches 400-1, 400-2, and 400-3 and remote units 300-1 and 300 which are some levels in the distributed antenna system 10 according to various embodiments of the present invention. -2, 300-3, 300-4) may be located in each level unit.

Each of the lower-level remote units 300-1, 300-2, 300-3, and 300-4 may be connected to each of the upper-level TSN switches 400-1 and 400-2. In addition, the first TSN switch 400 - 1 and the second TSN switch 400 - 2 may be connected to a third TSN switch 400 - 3 of a higher level.

The first TSN switch 400-1 may receive an uplink Ethernet packet (UL 1, UL 2) from each of the first remote unit 300-1 and the second remote unit 300-2. The first TSN switch 400-1 is controlled by the TSN controller 500 or determined by the uplink summing module 600 connected or included in the first TSN switch 400-1, the first uplink Ethernet packet The sum uplink Ethernet packet (UL a) in which (UL 1) and the second uplink Ethernet packet (UL 2) are summed may be transmitted to the third TSN switch 400-3 of the upper level. Here, the summation of the first uplink Ethernet packet (UL 1) and the second uplink Ethernet packet (UL 2) may be performed by the uplink summation module 600 connected to or included in the first TSN switch 400-1. have.

The second TSN switch 400-2 may receive an uplink Ethernet packet (UL 3, UL 4) from each of the third remote unit 300-3 and the fourth remote unit 300-4. The second TSN switch 400-2 is controlled by the TSN controller 500 or the third uplink Ethernet packet is determined by the uplink summing module 600 connected or included in the second TSN switch 400-2. The sum uplink Ethernet packet (UL b) in which (UL 3) and the fourth uplink Ethernet packet (UL 4) are summed may be transmitted to the third TSN switch 400-3 of the upper level. Here, the summation of the third uplink Ethernet packet (UL 3) and the fourth uplink Ethernet packet (UL 4) may be performed by the uplink summation module 600 connected to or included in the second TSN switch 400-2. have.

In this way, the first TSN switch 400-1 and the second TSN switch 400-2 sum up the uplink Ethernet packets, and transmit the summed uplink Ethernet packets to the upper-level third TSN switch 400-3. can be sent to

17 is an exemplary diagram for uplink delivery according to various embodiments of the present invention.

17 is a description of an embodiment of forwarding uplink Ethernet packets without uplink summing in a lower-level TSN switch according to the determination of the TSN controller 500 or the uplink summing module 600 .

Referring to FIG. 17 , the TSN switches 400-1, 400-2, and 400-3 and remote units 300-1 and 300 which are some levels in the distributed antenna system 10 according to various embodiments of the present invention. -2, 300-3, 300-4) may be located in each level unit.

Each of the lower-level remote units 300-1, 300-2, 300-3, and 300-4 may be connected to each of the upper-level TSN switches 400-1 and 400-2. The first TSN switch 400 - 1 and the second TSN switch 400 - 2 may be connected to a third TSN switch 400 - 3 of a higher level.

The first TSN switch 400-1 may receive an uplink Ethernet packet (UL 1, UL 2) from each of the first remote unit 300-1 and the second remote unit 300-2. The first TSN switch 400 - 1 is controlled by the TSN controller 500 or determined by the uplink summing module 600 connected to or included in the first TSN switch 400 - 1 , the first uplink Ethernet packet Without adding up (UL 1) and the second uplink Ethernet packet (UL 2), each uplink Ethernet packet (UL 1, UL 2) may be transmitted to the third TSN switch 400 - 3 of the upper level .

According to an embodiment, the first uplink Ethernet packet (UL 1) and the second uplink Ethernet packet (UL 2) do not pass through the uplink summation module 600 connected to or included in the first TSN switch 400-1. It may also be transmitted to the third TSN switch 400-3 of a higher level.

The second TSN switch 400-2 may receive an uplink Ethernet packet (UL 3, UL 4) from each of the third remote unit 300-3 and the fourth remote unit 300-4. The second TSN switch 400 - 2 is controlled by the TSN controller 500 or determined by the uplink summing module 600 connected to or included in the second TSN switch 400 - 2 , the third uplink Ethernet packet. (UL 3) and the fourth uplink Ethernet packet (UL 4) are not summed, and each uplink Ethernet packet (UL 3, UL 4) may be transmitted to the third TSN switch 400-3 of a higher level. .

According to an embodiment, the third uplink Ethernet packet (UL 3) and the fourth uplink Ethernet packet (UL 4) do not pass through the uplink summation module 600 connected to or included in the second TSN switch 400-2. It may also be transmitted to the third TSN switch 400-3 of a higher level.

Uplink summing at multiple levels will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18 .

18 is a conceptual diagram for uplink transmission at multiple levels in a distributed antenna system according to various embodiments of the present invention.

18 may show only some levels of a multi-level transfer tree in the distributed antenna system 10 .

Referring to FIG. 18 , a first level, which is the lowest level, and a second level and a third level, which are higher levels of the first level, remote units 300-1 to 300-n may be located, and the fourth level and TSN switches 400 - 1 , 400 - 2 , and 400 - 3 may be located at the fifth level.

TSN switches (400-1, 400-2, 400-3), remote units (300-1, 300-2, 300-3, 300-4, 300-5) that receive uplink Ethernet packets from the lower level ) may include an uplink summation module 600 at each level or be connected to the uplink summation module 600, and receive a lower-level uplink Ethernet packet and an uplink Ethernet packet of the corresponding level received at each level. You can decide whether to combine.

For example, the fourth remote unit 300-4 of the third level is from the fifth remote unit 300-5 of the second level, the second uplink Ethernet packet of the fifth remote unit 300-5 ( UL 2) and an n-th uplink Ethernet packet (UL 1) of the n-th remote unit 300-n may be received, and uplink Ethernet packets (UL 1, UL 2, UL 3) at the third level You can decide whether to combine. And, according to the determination result, the fourth remote unit 300-4 may transmit the summed uplink Ethernet packet or the non-summed uplink Ethernet packet to the TSN switch 400-2 of the fourth level, which is a higher level.

As such, the distributed antenna system 10 configured in the form of a multi-level transmission tree may determine whether to sum up the uplink Ethernet packets transmitted from the lower level at each level, and transmit the uplink Ethernet packets according to the determination result. It can be summed and transmitted to a higher level, or uplink Ethernet packets can be transmitted to a higher level without summing up. In addition, the distributed antenna system 10 may add up only some of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and transmit the summed uplink Ethernet packet and the remaining uplink Ethernet packets to a higher level.

As described above, in the distributed antenna system according to various embodiments of the present invention, in each level step configured in the form of a multi-level transmission tree, in an uplink summing module included or connected to a corresponding node or node, uplink Ethernet It may be determined whether to sum the packets, and according to the determination result, the uplink Ethernet packets may be summed and transmitted to a higher level.

Uplink summation according to the determination and control of the TSN controller will be described with reference to FIG. 19 .

19 is a conceptual diagram of an uplink summation control of a TSN controller according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 19 , the TSN controller 500 of the distributed antenna system 10 may obtain status information from each of the uplink summable nodes, and may determine the uplink Ethernet packet summation at each node. . In addition, the TSN controller 500 may control the summation of uplink Ethernet packets for each node according to the determination result. In addition, the TSN controller 500 may control not only uplink Ethernet packet summation but also flow allocation and switching operations. In addition, the TSN controller 500 may obtain status information from a node in which uplink summation is not possible and control the corresponding node.

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 18 , the TSN controller 500 is a remote unit of a node capable of uplink summing and TSN switches 400-1, 400-2, 400-3 located at each of a plurality of levels. Status information may be received from the ones 300-1, 300-2, 300-3, and 300-4.

Based on the received information, the TSN controller 500 may determine whether to perform uplink summation at each node, and may control uplink summation of each node based on the determination result.

For example, the TSN controller 500 may determine whether to perform the summation at each node in consideration of latency and bandwidth according to the summation.

In one embodiment, the TSN controller 500 controls to forward the uplink Ethernet packets to the upper level without adding up the uplink Ethernet packets in each of the second level and the third level, and in the second TSN switch 400-2 of the fourth level, It is possible to control to sum up the received uplink Ethernet packets (UL 1, UL 2, UL 3). Accordingly, the uplink summing module 600 of the second TSN switch 400 - 2 may sum the received uplink Ethernet packets UL 1 , UL 2 , and UL 3 , and the second TSN switch 400 . -2) may transmit the summed uplink Ethernet packet to the third TSN switch 400-3 of the upper level.

As such, in the distributed antenna system 10 implemented with TSN/Ethernet, the TSN controller 500 determines for uplink summation at each node configured in multiple levels, and uplink summation at each node according to the determination. can be controlled to do

In addition, the TSN controller 500 may control to sum up all uplink Ethernet packets or add only a part of all uplink Ethernet packets during uplink summing.

For example, if the TSN controller 500 determines that it is advantageous in terms of bandwidth and delay to add up only some uplink Ethernet packets in the above-described second TSN switch 400-2, the second TSN switch 400-2 It is possible to control so that only some of the determined uplink Ethernet packets are added and transmitted.

In a specific embodiment, the TSN controller 500 is a first uplink Ethernet packet (UL) which is a part of the received uplink Ethernet packets (UL 1, UL 2, UL 3) in the second TSN switch 400-2. 1) and only the second uplink Ethernet packet (UL 2) may be summed, and the third uplink Ethernet packet (UL 3) may be controlled to be transmitted without being summed. Accordingly, the uplink summing module 600 of the second TSN switch 400 - 2 may sum the first and second uplink Ethernet packets UL 1 and UL 2 which are some of the received uplink Ethernet packets. and the second TSN switch 400-2 transmits the summed uplink Ethernet packet (UL 1 + UL 2) and the third uplink Ethernet packet (UL 3) to the third TSN switch 400-3 of the upper level. can be transmitted

The TSN controller 500 according to various embodiments of the present invention may not only determine whether uplink summation is performed in nodes of each level, but may also determine the flow of each uplink Ethernet packet.

Accordingly, the TSN controller 500 may determine a flow for each of the main unit 100, the hub unit 200, the remote unit 300, and the TSN switch 400 included in the distributed antenna system 10, and , it is possible to determine whether the uplink Ethernet packets are summed. In addition, the TSN controller 500 transmits and controls information on the determined flow and the summation to each node, the main unit 100, the hub unit 200, the remote unit 300, and the TSN switch 400, respectively. have.

Therefore, in the distributed antenna system 10 according to various embodiments of the present invention, the TSN controller 500 can determine and allocate a flow, which is a path through which an uplink Ethernet packet is transmitted, and operate according to the allocated flow. It is possible to control the components included in the distributed antenna system 10 to do so.

In the above description, it has been described that the uplink summation target is an uplink Ethernet packet or an uplink packet for ease of explanation. of Ethernet packets.

In addition, the uplink Ethernet packet may mean packets according to a framed radio signal stream digitized using Ethernet technology.

And a radio signal stream may be mapped to a flow. Therefore, the above-described uplink Ethernet packets may be referred to as an uplink flow.

Therefore, although described as an uplink Ethernet packet in the above content, it can be expressed as one of an uplink radio signal stream, an uplink stream, an uplink Ethernet stream, an uplink Ethernet frame, an uplink frame, an uplink Ethernet flow, and an uplink flow. have.

As described above, the distributed antenna system according to various embodiments of the present invention can be synchronized with high precision using TSN and can provide various services.

In addition, the present invention can efficiently use bandwidth and minimize delay by providing an optimized uplink summation in a distributed antenna system using Ethernet frames and TSN. Therefore, the present invention can provide a distributed antenna system that can efficiently cope with temporal and spatial traffic fluctuations.

In the above, the technical idea of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to various embodiments, but the technical idea of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention Various modifications and changes are possible by

1a~1n: BTS 10: Distributed Antenna System
30: POI 50: NMS
60: centralized network configuration module
70: centralized user setting module
100: main unit 110: RF module
115: Ethernet module 117: converting module
120: ADC/DAC 130: Framer
131/331: DAS/Ethernet Framer 133/333: RoE Framer
135/335: eCPRI Framer 140: Resampler
150: CPU 160: MAC/PHY
170: transceiver 190: power supply module
200: hub unit 300: remote unit
310: RF module 320: ADC/DAC
330: framer 350: CPU
360: MAC/PHY 370: Transceiver
390: power supply module 400: TSN switch
410: main switch module 430: system CPU module
450: system management module 490: power supply module
500: TSN controller 600: Uplink summing module
610: uplink summing engine 630: PHY/MAC
650: transceiver

Claims (20)

In the uplink Ethernet packet processing method of an aggregation node (aggregation node) included in a distributed antenna system,
receiving a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets from at least one lower node;
summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets in packet units in consideration of a weight distributed along a transmission path of each of the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets; and
transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet to an upper node;
The step of summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets in packet units comprises:
assigning the weight to each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets by multiplying each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets by the weight in consideration of the distributed weight; and
summing the weighted plurality of uplink Ethernet packets;
How to handle uplink Ethernet packets.
According to claim 1,
Further comprising the step of determining whether to sum the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets based on at least one of a delay (latency) and bandwidth (bandwidth) associated with transmission of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets,
The step of summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets comprises:
Based on the determination result, comprising the step of summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets
How to handle uplink Ethernet packets.
3. The method of claim 2,
The step of determining whether the summation is
an aggregation delay occurring according to the summation of at least some of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets received, a transit delay occurring according to transmission of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and at least some of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets Determining whether at least some of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets are summed based on information on at least one of bandwidth changes according to the summation
How to handle uplink Ethernet packets.
According to claim 1,
In the multi-level transmission tree of the distributed antenna system, in consideration of the level at which the aggregation node is located, the method further comprising the step of determining whether the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets are summed,
The step of summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets comprises:
Based on the determination result, the step of summing the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets received
How to handle uplink Ethernet packets.
According to claim 1,
The step of summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets comprises:
Receiving a control signal for whether the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets are summed and the summation operation;
summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets according to the received control signal.
How to handle uplink Ethernet packets.
delete According to claim 1,
The step of transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet to the upper node is
allocating a flow for the summed uplink Ethernet packet;
Transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet to the upper node according to the assigned flow
How to handle uplink Ethernet packets.
According to claim 1,
The step of summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets comprises:
summing only some of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets;
The step of transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet to the upper node is
Transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet obtained by summing only the part and the remaining uplink Ethernet packets that are not summed among the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets to the upper node
How to handle uplink Ethernet packets.
According to claim 1,
The step of summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets comprises:
analyzing a header of each of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets;
extracting a flow of each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets based on the analyzed header;
scheduling the extracted flows;
based on the scheduling, summing the plurality of Ethernet packets
How to handle uplink Ethernet packets.
A subsystem of a distributed antenna system, comprising:
An uplink summing module for receiving a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets in packet units in consideration of a weight distributed according to a transmission path of each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets ; and
A switch for transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet in an uplink direction,
The uplink summing module,
giving the weight to each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets by multiplying the weights for each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets in consideration of the distributed weight;
summing the weighted plurality of uplink Ethernet packets
subsystem.
11. The method of claim 10,
The uplink summing module is
Based on at least one of a latency and a bandwidth associated with transmission of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, it is determined whether the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets are summed;
Summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets based on the determination result
subsystem.
12. The method of claim 11,
The uplink summing module is
an aggregation delay occurring according to the summation of at least some of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets received, a transit delay occurring according to transmission of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets, and at least some of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets Determining whether to sum at least some of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets based on information on at least one of bandwidth changes according to the summation
subsystem.
12. The method of claim 11,
The uplink summing module is
In the multi-level transmission tree of the distributed antenna system, in consideration of the level at which the switch receiving the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets is located, it is determined whether the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets are summed.
subsystem.
11. The method of claim 10,
The uplink summing module is
Receive a control signal for whether to sum the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets and a summation operation,
summing the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets according to the received control signal
subsystem.
11. The method of claim 10,
Further comprising a network controller,
the network controller
Determine whether the uplink summing module sums up the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets based on at least one of a latency and a bandwidth associated with transmission of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets;
according to the determination result, controlling the uplink summing module
subsystem.
16. The method of claim 15,
the network controller
allocating a flow to each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets,
controlling the switch to transmit each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets to the assigned flow
subsystem.
delete 11. The method of claim 10,
the switch is
receive, from a network controller, a flow allocated for the summed uplink Ethernet packet;
Transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet to the assigned flow
subsystem.
11. The method of claim 10,
The uplink summing module is
summing only some of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets,
the switch is
Transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packet by summing only the part and the remaining uplink Ethernet packets that are not summed among the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets in the uplink direction
subsystem.
11. The method of claim 10,
The uplink summing module is
analyzing the header of each of the received plurality of uplink Ethernet packets,
Extracting a flow of each of the plurality of uplink Ethernet packets based on the analyzed header,
Scheduling the extracted flows,
Summing the plurality of Ethernet packets based on the scheduling
subsystem.

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