KR102268116B1 - Flood Alarm System Using Antecedent Rainfall - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a technology for a flood warning system, and to a technology for adjusting a rainfall intensity warning standard, which is a standard for issuing an alarm in consideration of preceding rainfall. In addition, in the present invention, a real-time water level is reflected and used as the standard for issuing an alarm along with the rainfall intensity. The flood warning system includes a data processing module for collecting and processing real-time rainfall and a water level from on-site measurement sensors; a rainfall standard warning module for determining whether to issue warning in each stage by comparing a rainfall intensity warning standard corresponding to a flood warning standard value in each stage with the real-time rainfall intensity transmitted from the data processing module; and an alarm issuing module which issues the alarm signal to a determination result of the rainfall reference alarm module.

Description

Flood Alarm System Using Antecedent Rainfall

The present invention relates to flood forecasting and warning (hereinafter abbreviated as "alert"). In particular, the present invention relates to a technology that can prevent misinformation by a uniform rainfall intensity standard by adjusting the warning standard according to the rainfall intensity according to the preceding rainfall situation. In addition, the present invention relates to a technique for increasing the accuracy of a flood warning by adding a water level standard to the rainfall intensity standard when an alert is issued, taking into consideration not only preceding rainfall but also real-time river water level.

Recently, the scale of disasters is increasing due to abnormal climate, and the frequency of occurrence is also increasing rapidly, and local flood damage due to guerrilla heavy rain is spreading. Accordingly, flood prediction and warning systems are being built and operated in various forms to prevent damage to human life and property due to sudden floods such as localized heavy rains and river overflows.

In Patent Registration No. 10-0271534 (announced on October 16, 2000) as an existing flash flood warning system, a warning station broadcasting a warning to a disaster-prone area, an observation station observing rainfall in an area such as upstream of a river, and an observation station A technology for automatically generating an alarm in case of rain, which consists of a control station that receives an event and issues an alarm to the alarm station, is disclosed. In addition, Patent Registration No. 10-1810337 ((2017.12.12. Announcement) receives rainfall forecast data of a target watershed to monitor flood occurrence, and the water level of the target river measured by a sensor installed in the target river within the target watershed. Flood forecast warning server and flood forecast warning that can receive, predict the flood risk of the target watershed based on the rainfall forecast data and the characteristics of the target watershed, and alert the flash flood risk of the target watershed based on the flood risk and water level way is revealed.

This prior art calculates the criteria of the amount of rainfall (mainly rainfall intensity) that can cause the river flood level at the downstream flood risk point, and configures to issue an alarm when rainfall exceeding the preset standard is observed. It can be seen that it is reasonable to respond to flooding.

However, this prior art has the following problems.

First, since the rainfall standard for issuing the warning is "fixed", the flood warning is issued according to the same standard even when dry weather continues for a long time or when heavy rain continues for a long time, such as during the rainy season. In a state in which dry weather continues for a long time, the soil or plants remain dry, and in this case, even if rainfall occurs, most of the water is absorbed by the soil and plants, so the amount of water flowing into the river is very small. Conversely, when rainfall continues for a long period of time, the amount of water flowing into the river increases even if there is a small amount of rain as the soil moisture content is sufficient. In addition, a rainfall value for reaching a certain dangerous level in a state where the water level of the river is dry is different from a rainfall value for reaching a certain dangerous water level in a state where a constant water level is maintained. For this reason, as the prior art sets the standard conditions for issuing a flood warning according to the environment of the rainy season, it does not consider the current status of rivers and sluices during the dry season, so the number of warnings is excessively increased. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the number of misinformation by adjusting the rainfall warning standard in consideration of the runoff characteristics (runoff rate) according to the preceding rainfall conditions in issuing the warning based on the rainfall standard.

Second, if a flood warning is issued based on rainfall intensity alone, damage may be caused by false alarms even when the water level reaches the evacuation level. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to observe the water level at the point after the issuance of a rainfall warning and check whether the water level value exceeds the dangerous level, and it is necessary to issue an alarm when the dangerous level is exceeded regardless of whether the rainfall standard is an alarm or not. . That is, since the prior art simply analyzes only the amount of rainfall (rainfall intensity), it is necessary to issue a disaster warning by comprehensively considering the amount of rainfall and the river level.

Patent Registration No. 10-0271534 Patent Registration No. 10-1810337

The present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a flood warning system capable of adjusting the rainfall intensity warning standard to a value suitable for the watershed and hydrological characteristics in consideration of the runoff rate according to the preceding rainfall. .

In addition, the present invention uses the water level value measured by the water level station to consider whether or not to issue a warning when an alarm is issued according to the rainfall warning standard, so that a flood warning can be issued in consideration of the river level and rainfall comprehensively. It serves another purpose to provide an alarm system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a flood warning system capable of minimizing the number of false alarms by updating rainfall and water level warning standards through accuracy analysis after warning is issued.

The present invention provides a data processing module for collecting and processing real-time rainfall and water level from field measurement sensors; a rainfall standard warning module for determining whether to issue a step-by-step warning by comparing the rainfall intensity warning standard corresponding to the step-by-step flood warning standard value with the real-time rainfall intensity transmitted from the data processing module; and an alarm issuing module for issuing an alarm alarm signal to the determination result of the rainfall reference alarm module, wherein the rainfall reference alarm module includes a runoff rate alarm standard for each rainfall intensity alarm standard as a set, and precedes the preceding rainfall history DB There is provided a flood warning system in consideration of preceding rainfall, characterized in that it is determined whether an alarm is issued by adjusting the rainfall intensity warning standard in consideration of the difference between the runoff rate and the runoff rate warning standard.

In particular, the rainfall standard warning module includes: a rainfall warning standard DB including a rainfall intensity warning standard for each warning step and a runoff rate warning standard for the corresponding rainfall intensity; Prior rainfall history DB including the preceding runoff rate by rainfall intensity when rainfall occurs after rainfall or no rainfall for a certain period; and a rainfall warning standard adjustment module that compares the real-time rainfall intensity with the rainfall intensity warning standard to determine whether an alarm is issued at each stage, and adjusts the rainfall intensity warning standard by comparing the runoff rate alarm standard with the preceding runoff rate of the preceding rainfall history DB may include.

In particular, it may further include a water level reference alarm module for determining whether an alarm is based on the real-time water level information transmitted from the data processing module.

In particular, an alarm may be issued by reflecting the warning judgment of the rainfall reference alarm module and the water level reference alarm module together.

In particular, the determination of the water level reference alarm module may be prioritized separately from the alarm determined by the rainfall warning reference module.

In particular, the water level reference alarm module can be used only as a criterion for determining whether to evacuate.

In particular, it may further include an alarm accuracy analysis module for analyzing the alarm accuracy of the water level reference alarm module and the rainfall reference alarm module.

In the prior art, an alarm is issued based on a fixed rainfall intensity standard irrespective of the preceding rainfall. However, in the present invention, the accuracy of the flood warning can be increased by recalculating the rainfall warning criterion in consideration of the runoff rate according to the preceding rainfall condition.

In addition, in the present invention, a flood warning can be issued in consideration of the river level and rainfall comprehensively by considering whether or not an alarm is issued when an alarm is issued according to the rainfall warning standard using the real-time water level value measured by the water level station. The accuracy of the flood warning can be improved.

In addition, in the present invention, by continuously updating rainfall and water level warning standards through accuracy analysis after issuing a flood warning, the number of occurrences of false alarms can be minimized, and when such updates are accumulated, the accuracy of the flood warning can be further increased.

1 is a diagram of a flood warning system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a diagram of a flood warning system further comprising a water level warning reference module according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a diagram of a flood warning system further comprising an alarm accuracy analysis module according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a view for explaining a flood warning method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a view for explaining a flood warning method further comprising a water level reference warning determination step according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
6 is an example of a preceding rainfall history DB applied to the present invention.

The present invention relates to a flood warning system for flood prevention. The present invention provides a technique for reducing warning errors by flexibly adjusting warning standards in consideration of preceding rainfall. In the prior art, warnings such as caution -> vigilance -> evacuation were issued based on a fixed rainfall intensity, but if there was no rain in the past for a long time before the current rain fell, the soil absorbs water even if the rainfall intensity exceeds the warning threshold. Therefore, flooding does not actually occur. Conversely, if it starts raining again after raining for a long time, even if the rainfall intensity is lower than the warning standard, the soil already contains enough water and the possibility of flooding increases. In order to solve the above problem, the present invention relates to a technique for minimizing misinformation by flexibly adjusting (adjusting or recalculating) a rainfall intensity reference value at which an alarm is issued in consideration of the preceding rainfall situation.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 is a diagram of a flood warning system 1000 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The flood warning system 1000 of the present invention includes a data processing module 100 , a rainfall standard warning module 200 , and an alarm issuing module 300 . However, if necessary, the warning issuing module 300 may be included in the rainfall reference warning module 200 .

The data processing module 100 receives the rainfall amount and water level from a sensor installed at the rainfall site in real time through a wired/wireless data communication network, and transmits it to the rainfall reference alarm module 200 and the water level reference alarm module (see FIG. 2, 400). do Since the measurement of rainfall and water level corresponds to a conventionally well-known technique, a detailed measurement method will be omitted. In addition, the data processing module 100 calculates rainfall intensity and the like using rainfall data transmitted in real time from the field sensor.

The wired and wireless data communication network is a mobile communication network capable of data communication such as 2nd Generation (2G), 3rd Generation (3G), 4th Generation (4 Generation), and 5th Generation (G Generation), and a Wi-Fi network. , an Internet network in which a wide area network (WAN) and a local area network (LAN) are combined, etc., but is not limited to the above communication means.

The rainfall standard warning module 200 issues an alarm (eg, caution / alert / evacuation) based on the rainfall intensity, but the runoff rate alarm standard is also set in each rainfall intensity alarm standard. This runoff rate warning standard is compared with the runoff rate of the preceding rainfall history DB, the difference between the two runoff rates is calculated at a constant rate, and the warning standard rainfall intensity value is adjusted according to the ratio again. Adjust.

The rainfall standard warning module 200 includes a rainfall warning standard DB 210 , a preceding rainfall history DB 220 , and a rainfall warning standard adjustment module 230 .

The rainfall standard warning module 200 of the present invention includes a rainfall intensity warning standard and a runoff rate warning standard as reference values for each warning such as caution/warning/evacuation. For example, a rainfall intensity of 50 mm/hr and a runoff rate of 50% as the caution alert criteria, a rainfall intensity of 70 mm/hr and a runoff rate of 60% as the alert criteria, and a rainfall intensity of 100 mm/hr and a runoff rate of 90% as the evacuation alert criteria can be done with These numerical values are numerical values stored in the rainfall warning reference DB 210 .

In the present invention, an alarm is issued based on the rainfall intensity warning standard, but compared with the runoff rate alarm standard and the corresponding preceding runoff rate stored in the preceding rainfall history DB 220, the difference between the runoff rate alarm standard and the preceding runoff rate is reflected in the rainfall warning standard DB A warning is issued by modifying or recalculating the stored rainfall intensity warning standard. The adjustment of the rainfall intensity warning standard is performed in the rainfall warning standard adjustment module 230 .

The adjustment of the rainfall intensity warning standard through the rainfall warning standard adjustment module 230 is as follows. 6 is an example of a preceding rainfall history table stored in the preceding rainfall history DB 220, and is prior rainfall data accumulated through conventional rainfall rather than current rainfall. In the case of the current flood warning warning target area, it is a situation in which rain falls after 10 days of no rain, and assuming that the rainfall intensity is 50 mm/hr and the runoff rate is 50% as the criteria for issuing the "Caution" warning, first, in the preceding rainfall history DB of FIG. It can be seen that the runoff rate after 10 days of no rain at a rainfall intensity of 50 mm/hr is 40%. It can be seen that the advanced runoff rate is 40% compared to the runoff rate warning standard of 50%. This means that there is no need to issue a caution alert, even if the current soil is dry and rainfall intensity of 50 mm/hr. Therefore, the rainfall intensity warning standard is raised in consideration of the difference between the runoff rate warning standard of 50% and the preceding runoff rate of 40% of the preceding rainfall history DB. This adjustment is, for example, considering the 10% difference between the runoff rate warning standard of 50% and the preceding runoff rate of 40% of the preceding rainfall history DB, the rainfall intensity warning standard is increased by 10% to 55 mm/hr, the "caution" issuance standard can be raised, and when the rainfall intensity becomes 55 mm/hr in the future, a caution warning is issued. Adjusting the rainfall intensity warning criteria by considering the difference between the runoff rate and the runoff rate warning criteria can be reflected in various ways (simple arithmetic, % method, etc.).

Also, contrary to the above situation, when it starts to rain after 6 hours of precipitation, the runoff rate at the precipitation history DB 220 at a rainfall intensity of 50 mm/hr for 6 hours of precipitation is 56%, which is 50% based on the runoff rate alarm. As it is higher than that of , it is possible to lower the rainfall intensity of the warning standard corresponding to “Caution” to 45 mm/hr, 40 mm/hr, etc. instead of 50 mm/hr.

An important technical feature in the present invention is that the warning is determined in consideration of the preceding rainfall situation by adjusting the rainfall intensity warning standard using the difference between the runoff rate warning standard and the preceding runoff rate of the preceding rainfall history DB 220 specifically. Specifically, it is not important how the difference between the preceding runoff rate and the runoff rate warning standard is used to adjust the rainfall intensity warning standard.

The alarm issuing module 300 transmits the alarm determined by the rainfall standard alarm module 200, for example, the corresponding alarm determined to be caution / alert / evacuation, directly to the site in various formats such as an alarm sound, alarm text, and alarm screen. A configuration that sounds an alarm. The warning issuing module 300 may be configured at a rainfall site, but may be installed in a remote location of a public institution such as a waterway management office in charge of water level, a dam management office, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. However, direct warning means, such as a speaker that emits an alarm sound, should be installed around the site so that the rain falls and people around the site can hear it.

As described above, the flood warning system 1000 in consideration of the preceding rainfall of the first preferred embodiment has been described. Hereinafter, the flood warning system 2000 according to the second preferred embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 2 . .

2 is the same as the flood warning system 2000 according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention except that the flood warning system 1000 according to the first embodiment further includes a water level reference warning module 400 . That is, in FIG. 2 , the alarm module 600 is configured by combining the rainfall reference alarm module 200 and the water level reference alarm module 400 .

The water level reference alarm module 400 receives the real-time water level data input from the data processing module 100 and issues a corresponding alarm when the real-time water level corresponds to the reference water position. At this time, even if the rainfall reference alarm module 200 does not correspond to the alarm standard, when the water level reference alarm module 400 meets the alarm standard, an alarm may be issued. In particular, the water level reference alarm module 400 may be used only to determine “evacuation” among the “caution”, “warning”, and “evacuation” warnings. This point will be described later with reference to other drawings.

3 is a third preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is applicable to both the flood warning system 1000 of the first embodiment and the flood warning system 2000 of the second embodiment, respectively, but for convenience of explanation, the flood warning of the second embodiment A flood warning system 3000 that further includes an alarm accuracy analysis module 500 in the system 2000 will be described as an example.

The alarm accuracy analysis module 500 is a configuration that determines whether the alarm is appropriate after the issuance of the alarm. Based on the measured water level value (whether the alarm standard level has been reached) and whether or not a flood warning is issued, a binary prediction method is used. It calculates the indicators Accuracy, FAR (False Alarm Ratio), POD (Probability of Detection), and CSI (Critical Success Index) through accuracy can be improved.

Hereinafter, a flowchart will be used to describe the method of the present invention.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a flood warning method according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the flood warning method according to the first embodiment, the flood warning is issued only based on the rainfall intensity without considering the water level, but the rainfall intensity warning standard is recalculated in consideration of the preceding rainfall.

When rainfall starts, the rainfall is measured and collected in real time. The rainfall is measured by sensors (rainfall, water level, etc.) installed in the field, and these measurements are transmitted to the data processing module 100 through on/offline.

The data processing module 100 transmits data (eg, rainfall intensity) to the rainfall reference alarm module 200 again, and the rainfall reference alarm module 200 is a caution/warning/evacuation command based on the alarm reference rainfall intensity. However, by comparing the runoff rate alarm standard at the same rainfall intensity and the preceding runoff rate of the preceding rainfall history DB 220, the difference is used to adjust the rainfall intensity warning standard, and an alarm is issued as a new rainfall intensity warning standard. Since the adjustment of the rainfall intensity warning standard has already been described above, it will not be described separately below.

Therefore, warning/warning/evacuation is determined based on the adjusted rainfall intensity warning standard by comparing the preceding runoff rate and runoff rate alarm standard of the preceding rainfall history DB 220 to determine whether to warn. After the alarm is issued, whether the accuracy of the alarm was appropriate through the alarm accuracy analysis module 400 and the alarm reference value are updated as necessary.

5 is a view for explaining a flood warning method further comprising a water level reference warning determination step.

Unlike FIG. 4 , in FIG. 5 , the warning is issued based on the rainfall intensity warning standard whose standard is adjusted by reflecting the preceding runoff rate of the preceding rainfall history DB 220 , but the accuracy of the warning is further increased in consideration of the water level. In FIG. 5 , the warning based on the water level was used only as a reference for issuing the “evacuation” warning, but if necessary, the warning may be issued in consideration of the water level even when the “caution” and “warning” warnings are issued.

Even if the rainfall intensity measured in real time is lower than the rainfall intensity warning standard adjusted in consideration of the preceding runoff rate in the preceding rainfall history DB, it determines whether the real-time water level corresponds to the evacuation level, is not issued

Conversely, if evacuation is judged to be evacuation based on the water level, even if there is no caution in the judgment of rainfall intensity, an evacuation order is issued regardless of the rainfall intensity.

If the real-time rainfall intensity is between the caution and the boundary of the rainfall intensity warning standard, it is judged whether the water level standard value is exceeded, and if it does not exceed the water level standard value, it is a caution and a caution warning is issued.

In the same way, if the real-time rainfall intensity exceeds the evacuation standard among the rainfall intensity warning standards, the water level standard sounds an evacuation warning without judgment. Even if the real-time rainfall intensity does not exceed the evacuation standard among the rainfall intensity warning standards, the real-time water level is the evacuation warning value. An evacuation order is issued according to the water level even if it exceeds the .

That is, the warning is issued based on the rainfall intensity, but by checking the real-time water level once more, an evacuation order can be issued based on the water level in case the evacuation warning cannot be issued due to the inaccurate rainfall intensity. In addition, since the evacuation warning corresponds to an alarm directly related to human life, if it corresponds to an evacuation based on the rainfall intensity, an evacuation order is immediately issued regardless of the water level.

100: data processing module 200: rainfall standard alarm module
210: Rainfall warning standard DB 220: Preceding rainfall history DB
230: rainfall warning standard adjustment module 300: alarm issuing module
400: water level standard alarm module 500: alarm accuracy analysis module
600: alarm module
1000, 2000, 3000: flood warning system of the present invention

Claims (5)

a data processing module for collecting and processing real-time rainfall and water level from on-site measurement sensors;
a rainfall standard warning module for determining whether to issue a step-by-step warning by comparing the rainfall intensity warning standard corresponding to the step-by-step flood warning standard value with the real-time rainfall intensity transmitted from the data processing module; and
Including a; alarm initiating module for issuing an alarm alarm signal to the determination result of the rainfall reference alarm module;
The rainfall standard alarm module includes the corresponding runoff rate alarm standards for each rainfall intensity alarm standard as a set, and adjusts the rainfall intensity alarm standards in consideration of the difference between the runoff rate of the preceding rainfall history DB and the runoff rate alarm standard to determine whether to be alarmed and
The rainfall standard warning module,
Rainfall warning standard DB including rainfall intensity warning standards for each warning level and runoff rate warning standards for the corresponding rainfall intensity;
a preceding rainfall history DB including the preceding runoff rate by rainfall intensity after occurrence of preceding rainfall for a certain duration and after no rainfall for a certain period of time; and
A rainfall warning standard adjustment module that compares the real-time rainfall intensity with the rainfall intensity warning standard to determine whether an alarm is issued at each stage, and adjusts the rainfall intensity warning standard by comparing the runoff rate alarm standard with the preceding runoff rate in the preceding rainfall history DB containing,
Flood warning system considering preceding rainfall.
delete The flood warning system in consideration of preceding rainfall according to claim 1, further comprising a water level reference warning module for determining whether to be alarmed based on real-time water level information transmitted from the data processing module.
[4] The flood warning system according to claim 3, wherein the warning is issued by reflecting the warning judgment of the rainfall standard warning module and the water level standard warning module together.
[4] The flood warning system according to claim 3, further comprising an alarm accuracy analysis module for analyzing the alarm accuracy of the water level reference alarm module and the rainfall reference alarm module.

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