KR102147544B1 - Fuel Storage System for Hydrogen Propulsion Conrainer Ship - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel storage system for a hydrogen-propelled container carrier, capable of modularizing a storage container for storing liquefied hydrogen and a container loaded on a container ship to rearrange the same in a design space, and minimizing structural changes of an existing container ship. The fuel storage system for the hydrogen-propelled container carrier according to the present invention comprises: a hydrogen storage module including a hydrogen storage container in which liquefied hydrogen is stored, an outer container having a size and shape corresponding to a container conveyed by the container carrier and holding the hydrogen storage container, and a fuel supply unit installed in a space between the hydrogen storage container and the outer container to gasify and decompress the liquefied hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen storage container; a cell guide unit including a plurality of cell guides perpendicularly up and down installed in a space of a ship to movably up and down support both corner portions of the front end portion and the rear end portion of the hydrogen storage module; a cell stack installation unit in which a fuel cell stack is installed wherein the fuel cell stack is disposed outside the cell guide unit to receive hydrogen gas supplied from a fuel supply unit of the hydrogen storage module to generate electricity for propulsion of the container carrier; and a hydrogen supply unit penetrating through a partition body of the cell guide unit to supply hydrogen from the hydrogen storage module to the fuel cell stack.

Description

Fuel Storage System for Hydrogen Propulsion Conrainer Ship {Fuel Storage System for Hydrogen Propulsion Conrainer Ship}

The present invention relates to a vessel carrying a container, and more particularly, to a fuel storage system of a hydrogen-propelled container carrier capable of efficiently storing hydrogen fuel and fuel cells in a container carrier operating using hydrogen as a propulsion fuel.

The international maritime organization (IMO), which has overall jurisdiction over environmental regulations and maritime accidents on offshore structures, and delivers guidelines, proposes strong sanctions on NOx of ship fuel oil to create a clean ocean. I did. In addition, there is great interest in SOx and NOx, which are pollutants generated by ships around the world, by placing restrictions on sulfur oxides (SOx) on ships entering and anchoring in the emission control area (ECA). From 2020, IMO's Tier III requires that fuels from large ships around the world have an efficiency of about 2g/kWh, and near the ECA, fuels with a sulfur content of 0.1% m/m have been strengthened.

Due to the strengthening of regulations on marine pollution, natural gas is attracting attention as an alternative fuel. Natural gas emits very little pollutants with SOx of 0.003g/kWh and NOx of 1.17g/kWh. However, carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is generated up to 412 g/kWh, which does not satisfy the carbon dioxide regulations to be strengthened in the future. The regulation of carbon dioxide has been steadily discussed through the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and the Paris Agreement in 2015. It is true that the regulation on carbon dioxide is not far from now considering that it took about 20 years to become mandatory after the discussion on pollutant reduction began in 1997 as well as the enforcement of the aforementioned regulations on NOx and SOx. .

Accordingly, hydrogen, which is classified as clean energy with high energy efficiency, is attracting attention as fuel to be finally mounted on a ship does not emit any pollutants.

When hydrogen is used as fuel, it combines with oxygen to produce water and electricity. This is why it is called clean energy because the final products are all clean materials. In addition, hydrogen can be produced by electrolyzing water by combining technologies such as wind power, solar heat, and tidal current generators, so it has the advantage that it can be made anywhere in the world. However, in order to maximize the electrolysis efficiency and transfer method to various places, advanced technology is required.

Hydrogen transfer can be classified into four categories based on the existing technology. High-pressure hydrogen is a method of minimizing the volume of hydrogen by applying pressure from about 400bar to 700bar at room temperature. Volume efficiency is low compared to other transport methods, but it has the advantage of not requiring additional auxiliary structures if the pressure-resistant design of the compression storage container is secured. Hydrogen storage alloys have the highest weight-to-weight efficiency, but the time required for charging and discharging hydrogen is high, and a low pressure and high temperature environment required for discharging must be established. The cryo-adsorption method increases the volumetric efficiency by reducing the mobility between hydrogen particles by using a temperature of -196℃, the liquefaction point of liquefied nitrogen (LN ₂ ). This method maximizes the bondability of hydrogen and combines it with the carbonized material. However, there is a disadvantage in that the efficiency is lower than that of the hydrogen storage alloy. Lastly, liquefied hydrogen has the highest volumetric efficiency, and since it liquefies hydrogen itself at -253°C, it has the advantage that no material is required to transport hydrogen. However, as a disadvantage, it is a method used for large storage structures because an insulation system for maintaining cryogenic temperatures must be employed.

Most of the ships using liquefied hydrogen as a fuel storage method have been miniaturized and are actually operated as coastal ships and passenger ships. In each country, various technologies are accumulating to strive to develop large ships that use liquid hydrogen. Liquefied hydrogen is directly related to safety in the performance of vaporizers, heat exchangers, and decompression devices for use as fuel, and various problems have arisen due to the controller injected into the fuel cell stack and the treatment method of residual hydrogen. They are experiencing great difficulties.

In particular, when the global trade volume increases, orders for large container ships will also increase rapidly. It is essential that container ships be developed as hydrogen fuel propulsion ships in the future because the process of directly entering the ECA area and unloading cargo is carried out at the same time.

However, when the ship's fuel is changed to a hydrogen-fueled ship, the ship's linearity changes, the fuel cell stack provided for electricity production according to the electric propulsion type hydrogen-fueled ship, and the space change of the existing engine room, and the space of the fuel cell stack. Various problems arise due to the ultra-high temperature insulation design and securing the safety of the accommodation space of the container ship.

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1185517 (registered on September 18, 2012) Korean Patent Application Publication No. 10-2019-0024342 (published on Aug. 8, 2019)

It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel storage system for a hydrogen-propelled container carrier capable of minimizing structural changes of existing container ships by relocating them to a design space by modularizing a storage container for storing liquefied hydrogen and a container shipping on a container ship. will be.

The fuel storage system of a hydrogen-propelled container carrier according to the present invention for achieving the above object has a size and shape corresponding to a hydrogen storage container in which liquefied hydrogen is stored, and a container conveyed by the container carrier, and the hydrogen storage container A hydrogen storage module including an outer container in which is accommodated, and a fuel supply unit installed in a space between the hydrogen storage container and the outer container to vaporize and depressurize liquefied hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen storage container; A pair of bulkheads that are vertically installed in the space of the ship and are spaced apart at intervals corresponding to the length of the outer container in the front and rear direction, and are installed to extend in the vertical direction on the inner side of each of the bulkheads. A cell guide unit that includes a plurality of cell guides that support vertically movable edges of both the front and rear ends of the hydrogen storage module, and allows a plurality of hydrogen storage modules to be stacked vertically between the partition walls. ; A battery stack installation unit disposed outside the cell guide unit to receive hydrogen gas supplied from the fuel supply unit of the hydrogen storage module to generate electricity for propulsion of the container carrier; And a hydrogen supply unit for supplying hydrogen from the hydrogen storage module to the fuel cell stack through the partition wall of the cell guide unit.

The fuel supply unit includes a vaporizer that receives liquefied hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container, vaporizes and decompresses it, a liquefied hydrogen supply pipe that supplies liquefied hydrogen from the hydrogen storage container to a vaporizer, and a hydrogen supply pipe of the vaporizer and the hydrogen supply unit. A gas discharge pipe for discharging the hydrogen gas discharged through the vaporizer to a hydrogen supply pipe by connecting to, and one end communicates with the inside of the hydrogen storage container, and the other end is connected to the gas discharge pipe, so that liquefied hydrogen is discharged in the hydrogen storage container. It may include a BOG supply pipe that guides boil off gas (BOG) generated while evaporating to the gas discharge pipe.

The inner circumferential surface of the gas discharge pipe and the hydrogen supply pipe may be coated with a protective film made of a metal for preventing hydrogen embrittlement.

In addition, the battery stack installation unit may be disposed outside the partition wall body in connection with the partition wall body.

The hydrogen embrittlement-preventing metal powder on the inner surface of the hydrogen storage container may be coated to a predetermined thickness by using a metal spraying method (金屬溶射法).

According to the present invention, a hydrogen storage container in which liquefied hydrogen (LH ₂ ) is stored and a fuel supply unit that vaporizes and depressurizes the liquefied hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container are accommodated inside an outer container having almost the same size and shape as a general container. It is modularized and the outer container is supported by the cell guide of the container ship, so that a plurality of hydrogen storage containers can be easily stacked up and down in a certain space and installed.

Therefore, a large amount of liquefied hydrogen fuel and fuel cell stacks can be mounted on the ship while minimizing the structural change of the existing ship, and exchange and maintenance of the hydrogen storage module are easy, and safety is improved.

1 is a block diagram of a container carrier equipped with a fuel storage system for a hydrogen-propelled container carrier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially cut-away perspective view showing the configuration of the fuel storage system shown in FIG. 1.
3 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the fuel storage system shown in FIG. 1.
4 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of a pipe for transporting hydrogen gas in the fuel storage system shown in FIG. 1.

The embodiments described in the present specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are only preferred examples of the disclosed invention, and there may be various modifications that may replace the embodiments and drawings of the present specification at the time of filing of the present application.

Hereinafter, a fuel storage system for a hydrogen-propelled container carrier will be described in detail according to an embodiment described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same components.

1 to 4 are views showing a fuel storage system of a hydrogen-propelled container carrier according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, a fuel storage system of a hydrogen-propelled container carrier according to an embodiment of the present invention is , Cell guide for fixing the existing container in order to improve space efficiency by utilizing the engine room of an existing container carrier as a space for installing the fuel cell stack 31, and supply hydrogen gas to the fuel cell stack 31 Using (22), a space in which the outer container 12 in which the hydrogen storage container 11 in which liquefied hydrogen is stored is accommodated is formed.

More specifically, a battery stack installation part 30 in which the fuel cell stack 31 is installed is disposed in a lower space of the hull corresponding to the engine room of an existing container carrier, and one side of the battery stack installation part 30 A cell guide unit 20 on which a plurality of hydrogen storage modules 10 for supplying hydrogen gas are mounted is installed, and the cell guide unit 20 is disposed between the battery stack installation unit 30 and the hydrogen storage module 10. A hydrogen supply unit for supplying hydrogen from the hydrogen storage module 10 to the fuel cell stack 31 is installed through the partition wall 21 of ).

The hydrogen storage module 10 has a size and shape corresponding to a hydrogen storage container 11 in which liquefied hydrogen (LH ₂ ) is stored, and a conventional container transported by a container carrier, and the hydrogen storage container 11 An outer container 12 accommodated therein, and a fuel supply unit installed in the space between the hydrogen storage container 11 and the outer container 12 to vaporize and depressurize liquefied hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen storage container 11 It includes (13).

A plurality of the hydrogen storage modules 10 may be installed to be stacked vertically and horizontally between the partitions 21 of the cell guide unit 20.

The hydrogen storage container 11 accommodates liquefied hydrogen (LH ₂ ), which is a cryogenic fluid of -253°C, and the inner wall surface of the hydrogen storage container 11 and the outer container 12 to maintain the temperature of the liquefied hydrogen. In between is filled with a heat insulating material 18 providing high heat insulation performance. In addition, the hydrogen storage container 11 itself has a double layer of the inner layer (11a) and the outer layer (11b) so as to have a thermal insulation performance, it is preferable to maintain a vacuum state between the inner layer (11a) and the outer layer (11b). When heat conduction between the hydrogen storage container 11 and the external environment is dominant, the specific gravity of vacuum insulation is increased, and when heat radiation is dominant, an insulation method that increases the thickness specific gravity of multi-layer insulation is applied.

In addition, since the hydrogen storage container 11 accommodates liquefied hydrogen (LH ₂ ), an appropriate metal material is used to prevent hydrogen embrittlement and brittleness due to cryogenic temperatures, or hydrogen embrittlement on the surface of a metal material resistant to cryogenic temperatures. Can be coated to prevent. For example, lanthanum oxide (La ₂ O ₃ ; Lanthanum Oxide) powder as a metal powder for preventing hydrogen embrittlement on the inner surface of the hydrogen storage container 11 may be coated with a predetermined thickness using a metal spraying method (金屬溶射法). have.

The outer container 12 is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped having the size of a conventional container, and is supported by the cell guide 22 between a pair of partition walls 21 constituting the cell guide unit 20 . Since the outer container 12 is configured, a plurality of hydrogen storage containers 11 can be easily stacked up and down in a certain space to be installed. Therefore, it is easy to exchange and maintain the hydrogen storage module 10, and there is an effect of improving safety.

The fuel supply unit 13 is installed inside the outer container 12, and the hydrogen gas stabilized by vaporizing and decompressing the liquefied hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen storage container 11 is supplied to the fuel cell stack ( 31). The fuel supply unit 13 is a vaporizer 14 that receives liquefied hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container 11, vaporizes and decompresses it, and liquefied hydrogen that supplies liquefied hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container 11 to the vaporizer 14 A gas discharge pipe 17 for discharging the hydrogen gas discharged through the gasifier 14 by connecting the supply pipe 15 and the hydrogen supply pipe 40 of the vaporizer 14 and the hydrogen supply unit to the hydrogen supply pipe. , One end is in communication with the inside of the hydrogen storage container 11 and the other end is connected to the gas discharge pipe 17 to evaporate liquefied hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container 11, resulting in a natural vaporization gas (Boil Off Gas; BOG). ) And a BOG supply pipe 16 to guide the gas discharge pipe 17.

The liquefied hydrogen supply pipe 15, the gas discharge pipe 17, and the BOG supply pipe 16 are provided with valves for controlling the flow of liquefied hydrogen or hydrogen gas through each pipe, and each valve is a fuel supply unit 13 ) It is controlled by a controller installed in itself or a controller of a carrier propulsion engine that controls the supply of hydrogen gas to the fuel cell stack 31 from the hydrogen storage module 10.

The gas supply unit includes a hydrogen supply pipe 40 connecting the gas discharge pipe 17 and the fuel cell stack 31, and a valve 41 controlling the supply of hydrogen gas through the hydrogen supply pipe 40. Include. The hydrogen supply pipe 40 is connected to the fuel cell stack 31 through an opening 23 formed in one side partition 21 of the cell guide unit 20 to supply hydrogen gas.

Since the gas discharge pipe 17 and the hydrogen supply pipe 40 serve to guide hydrogen gas to a high pressure state, a material suitable for hydrogen embrittlement is used, or the gas discharge pipe 17 and hydrogen The inner circumferential surface of the supply pipe 40 may be coated with a hydrogen embrittlement prevention film 50 made of a hydrogen embrittlement prevention metal such as lanthanum oxide (La ₂ O ₃ ).

The fuel cell stack 31 is installed on the battery stack installation part 30 installed on one side of the partition wall 21 of the cell guide unit 20, and the fuel supply unit 13 of the hydrogen storage module 10 Generate electricity to drive the engine by hydrogen gas supplied through ).

The cell guide unit 20 is for mounting a plurality of hydrogen storage modules 10 by stacking them up and down and/or left and right, as described above, and is vertically installed in the space of the ship, and the outer container ( A pair of partition walls 21 formed to be spaced apart at intervals corresponding to the length in the front and rear direction of 12), and the hydrogen storage modules 10 are installed to extend in the vertical direction on the inner side of each of the partition walls 21 ) And a plurality of cell guides 22 for supporting the upper and lower edge portions of the front end and the rear end to be movable vertically.

The cell guide 22 may be configured by applying a known cell guide 22 for fixing a plurality of containers in a stacked state in a vessel carrying a container. A plurality of cell guides 22 may be disposed at regular intervals along the left and right directions of the partition wall body 21.

Among the pair of partition walls 21, a plurality of openings 23 through which the hydrogen supply pipe 40 passes are formed in the partition wall 21 adjacent to the fuel supply unit 13 of the hydrogen storage module 10. Is formed by

The fuel storage system of the present invention configured as described above operates as follows.

The front end and the rear end of the outer container 12 of the hydrogen storage module 10 in which the hydrogen storage container 11 in which the liquefied hydrogen (LH ₂ ) is stored is installed inside the outer container 12 are divided into two partition walls 21 ), the front and rear ends of the outer container 12 descend and stack while being guided by the cell guide 22 and are supported by the cell guide 22. Is fixed.

When the hydrogen storage module 10 is fixed by the cell guide 22, the gas discharge pipe 17 of the fuel supply unit 13 installed in the hydrogen storage module 10 is connected to the hydrogen supply pipe 40 to provide a fuel cell stack. Make it possible to supply hydrogen gas to (31).

When the plurality of hydrogen storage modules 10 are all installed in the cell guide unit 20, liquefied hydrogen is supplied to the vaporizer 14 through the liquefied hydrogen supply pipe 15 of the fuel supply unit 13. Liquefied hydrogen supplied to the carburetor 14 is converted into hydrogen gas while decompressed and vaporized, and the hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 31 through the gas discharge pipe 17 and the hydrogen supply pipe 40 to drive the engine and It produces electricity for the operation of the ship.

On the other hand, even if the hydrogen storage container 11 is insulated during the operation of the ship, it cannot be completely insulated, so that the liquefied hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container 11 evaporates naturally and BOG gas is generated. The BOG gas may be discharged to the gas discharge pipe 17 through the BOG supply pipe 16 and then supplied to the fuel cell stack 31 through the hydrogen supply pipe 40.

As described above, the fuel storage system of the present invention comprises a hydrogen storage container 11 in which liquefied hydrogen (LH ₂ ) is stored, and a fuel supply unit 13 for supplying liquefied hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container 11 by vaporizing and decompressing it. Since the outer container 12 is modularized and accommodated in the outer container 12 having substantially the same size and shape as the general container, and the outer container 12 is supported by the cell guide 22 of the container ship, a plurality of hydrogen storage containers 11 Can be easily stacked up and down in a certain space and installed. Therefore, it is possible to mount the liquefied hydrogen fuel and the fuel cell stack 31 by minimizing the structural change of the existing ship, and the exchange and maintenance of the hydrogen storage module 10 are easy, and there is an effect of improving safety. .

In the above, the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains will be able to make various substitutions, additions, and modifications within the scope without departing from the technical idea described above. It is natural, and it should be understood that such modified embodiments also belong to the protection scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims below.

10: hydrogen storage module 11: hydrogen storage container
12: outer container 13: fuel supply unit
14: vaporizer 15: liquefied hydrogen supply pipe
16: BOG supply pipe 17: gas discharge pipe
18: insulation 20: cell guide unit
21: bulkhead 22: cell guide
23: opening 30: battery stack installation part
31: fuel cell stack 40: hydrogen supply pipe
50: hydrogen embrittlement prevention film

Claims (5)

A hydrogen storage container in which liquefied hydrogen is stored, an outer container having a size and shape corresponding to that of a container transported by a container carrier and accommodating the hydrogen storage container, and installed in a space between the hydrogen storage container and the outer container, A hydrogen storage module including a fuel supply unit for vaporizing and depressurizing liquefied hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen storage container;
A pair of bulkheads that are vertically installed in the space of the ship and are spaced apart at intervals corresponding to the length of the outer container in the front and rear direction, and are installed to extend in the vertical direction on the inner side of each of the bulkheads. A cell guide unit that includes a plurality of cell guides supporting vertically movable edges of both the front and rear ends of the hydrogen storage module, and allows a plurality of hydrogen storage modules to be stacked vertically between the partition walls. ;
A battery stack installation unit disposed outside the cell guide unit to receive hydrogen gas supplied from the fuel supply unit of the hydrogen storage module to generate electricity for propulsion of the container carrier; And,
A hydrogen supply unit for supplying hydrogen from the hydrogen storage module to the fuel cell stack through the partition wall of the cell guide unit;
Including,
The battery stack installation part is disposed outside the partition wall body in connection with the partition wall body,
The fuel supply unit includes a vaporizer that receives liquefied hydrogen in the hydrogen storage container, vaporizes and decompresses it, a liquefied hydrogen supply pipe that supplies liquefied hydrogen from the hydrogen storage container to a vaporizer, and a hydrogen supply pipe of the vaporizer and the hydrogen supply unit. A gas discharge pipe for discharging the hydrogen gas discharged through the vaporizer to a hydrogen supply pipe by connecting to, and one end communicates with the inside of the hydrogen storage container, and the other end is connected to the gas discharge pipe, so that liquefied hydrogen is discharged in the hydrogen storage container. It includes a BOG supply pipe that guides boil off gas (BOG) generated during vaporization to a gas discharge pipe,
The hydrogen supply pipe passes through one side of the outer container and is connected to the fuel cell stack through an opening formed in one side partition of the cell guide unit. delete The fuel storage system of claim 1, wherein the inner circumferential surfaces of the gas discharge pipe and the hydrogen supply pipe are coated with a protective film made of a hydrogen embrittlement prevention metal. delete The fuel storage system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen embrittlement-preventing metal powder is coated on the inner surface of the hydrogen storage container to a predetermined thickness by using a metal spraying method (金屬溶射法).

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