KR102141970B1 - LNG carrier with hydrogen production facitlies - Google Patents

LNG carrier with hydrogen production facitlies Download PDF

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KR102141970B1
KR102141970B1 KR1020190069256A KR20190069256A KR102141970B1 KR 102141970 B1 KR102141970 B1 KR 102141970B1 KR 1020190069256 A KR1020190069256 A KR 1020190069256A KR 20190069256 A KR20190069256 A KR 20190069256A KR 102141970 B1 KR102141970 B1 KR 102141970B1
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lng
storage tank
heat exchanger
hydrogen
hydrogen production
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Korean (ko)
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최성윤
최근철
우은수
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재단법인한국조선해양기자재연구원
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0637—Direct internal reforming at the anode of the fuel cell
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H2021/003—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the power plant using fuel cells for energy supply or accumulation, e.g. for buffering photovoltaic energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry

Abstract

An LNG carrier with a hydrogen production device according to the present invention comprises: a reformer generating CO_2 and H_2 by reforming NG; a first heat exchanger which cools the CO_2 by using LNG, supplied from an LNG storage tank, as a refrigerant; a second heat exchanger which cools the H_2 by using the refrigerant discharged from the first heat exchanger; a CO_2 storage tank for storing the CO_2 cooled through the first heat exchanger; and an H2 storage tank for storing the H_2 cooled through the second heat exchanger. According to the LNG carrier with the hydrogen production device in accordance with the present invention, a boil-off gas generated from the LNG storage tank of the LNG carrier and the NG obtained by forcibly vaporizing LNG are used to produce hydrogen, and the produced hydrogen is cooled, stored, and transported by using cold heat of the LNG in the LNG storage tank, so that energy efficiency can be maximized and the difficulty of transporting the hydrogen can be solved.

Description

수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선 {LNG carrier with hydrogen production facitlies}LNG carrier with hydrogen production facilities {LNG carrier with hydrogen production facitlies}

본 발명은 가까운 거리를 왕복하는 LNG 운반선에 있어서, 운항 시 수소를 생산하고 하역 시 생산한 상기 수소를 하역할 수 있도록 한 것을 특징으로 하는 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선에 관한 것이다. 상세하게는, LNG 탱크와 제1,2열교환기 및 개질기의 배치를 진보하게 구성하여 CO2 및 H2 냉각 시 LNG의 냉열을 순차적으로 활용할 수 있도록 하고, H2 저장탱크를 LNG 탱크 내 수용 배치되도록 함으로써 저장효율을 극대화한 것을 특징으로 하는, 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to an LNG carrier having a hydrogen production device, characterized in that it is capable of producing hydrogen during operation and unloading the hydrogen produced during unloading in an LNG carrier reciprocating a short distance. In detail, the arrangement of the LNG tank and the first and second heat exchangers and reformers is progressively configured to sequentially utilize the cold heat of LNG when cooling CO2 and H2, and the H2 storage tank is stored in an LNG tank to be accommodated and stored. It relates to an LNG carrier having a hydrogen production device, characterized in that the efficiency is maximized.

친환경에너지에 대한 세계적 수요가 증가함에 따라, 현재 선진국에서는 수소를 연료로 한 발전 기술이 실증 수준에 이른 상태이다. 이러한 추세에 따라 국내에서도 수소가 주류 에너지가 되는 수소경제사회를 실현하기 위한 법안이 마련되고, 울산지역 부생수소 공급 인프라를 활용한 국내 최대 규모의 수소 및 연료전지 연구ㅇ실증센터가 준공됨에 따라, 국내 산업계 및 관련 시장 활성화에 기폭제 역할 수행할 것으로 기대되고 있어, 향후 수소 관련 시장의 성장성은 높을 것으로 기대된다. As the global demand for eco-friendly energy increases, power generation technology using hydrogen as a fuel has reached an empirical level in developed countries. Following this trend, as a bill was prepared to realize a hydrogen economy in which hydrogen is the mainstream energy in Korea, and the nation's largest hydrogen and fuel cell research and demonstration center using the by-product hydrogen supply infrastructure in Ulsan was completed. It is expected to play a role as a catalyst for revitalizing the domestic industry and related markets, and the growth potential of the hydrogen-related market is expected to be high in the future.

수소 생산과 관련하여 궁극적으로는 친환경 에너지 생산시의 잉여 에너지를 활용한 그린 수소의 생산체계가 도입될 것으로 예측이 되고 있으나 해당 체계를 구축 하는데는 소요되는 시간을 고려하여 과도기 단계에서는 탄화수소 계열의 연료로 수소를 생산하는 추출 수소(그레이 수소)에 의존할 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한, 현재 국내 수소 생산 여력을 감안하면 2030년부터는 수소 부족분의 상당량을 수입으로 조달해야할 것이라는 게 업계의 전망인데, 이를 위해 수소 운송을 위한 연구개발이 필수적으로 진행되어야 한다. 현재 수소는 초고압의 압축수소 및 초저온의 액화 수소의 형태로 육지 운송을 통하여 공급되고 있는 상황인데, 경제적 관점의 효율을 증대시키기 위하여 기술적으로 해결해야할 다수의 문제점들을 해결하여 장거리 해상 운송등을 포함하고자 하는 노력들이 진행되고 있다. Regarding the production of hydrogen, it is predicted that the production system of green hydrogen that utilizes surplus energy in the production of eco-friendly energy will be introduced, but considering the time required to build the system, the hydrocarbon-based fuel is in the transition phase. It is known to rely on extracted hydrogen to produce hydrogen (gray hydrogen). In addition, considering the current domestic production capacity of hydrogen, the industry expects that from 2030, a significant portion of the hydrogen shortage will need to be procured as imports. To this end, research and development for hydrogen transport must be conducted. Currently, hydrogen is supplied through land transportation in the form of ultra-high pressure compressed hydrogen and ultra-low temperature liquefied hydrogen, and it is intended to include long-distance maritime transportation by solving a number of technical problems to be solved in order to increase the efficiency of economic viewpoint. Efforts are being made.

반면 LNG를 운반하는 LNG 운반선의 LNG 저장탱크에서는 일부 LNG가 기화되면서 발생하는 증발가스(BOG: Boil off Gas)가 LNG 저장탱크내부에 축적될 경우 LNG 탱크의 안전을 위협할 수 있어서 적절한 처리 방법이 요구된다. LNG 저장탱크의 안전만을 고려하여 해당 가스를 대기중으로 배출하거나, 가스연소장치 (GCU : Gas Combustion Unit)을 통하여 연소할 경우 경제적, 환경적인 측면에서 많은 손실이 발생할 수 있다.On the other hand, in LNG storage tanks of LNG carriers carrying LNG, when boil off gas (BOG) generated by vaporization of some LNG accumulates inside the LNG storage tank, it can threaten the safety of the LNG tank, so an appropriate treatment method can be used. Is required. Considering only the safety of the LNG storage tank, if the relevant gas is discharged into the atmosphere or burned through a gas combustion unit (GCU), many losses may occur in economical and environmental aspects.

현재 국내 수소공급 계획상 2030년까지 수소 생산량의 약 50%가 천연가스를 이용해 메탄을 개질하는 방법으로 (SMR : Steam Methane Reforming) 생산되는 것을 감안하면, 상기 증발가스를 수소 생산을 위한 원료로서 적용하는 방법이 고려될 수 있을 것이다. Considering that about 50% of the hydrogen production by 2030 is produced by reforming methane using natural gas (SMR: Steam Methane Reforming) by the current domestic hydrogen supply plan, the evaporation gas is applied as a raw material for hydrogen production. How to do this can be considered.

따라서, LNG 운반선의 LNG 저장탱크 내에서 자연발생되는 증발가스를 포함하고, LNG 운반선내에 저장된 LNG를 활용하여 수소를 생산하고, 생산된 수소를 LNG 저장탱크 내 LNG의 냉열을 이용하여 초저온의 상태를 유지하며 저장, 운송함으로써 에너지 활용 효율을 극대화시킴과 동시에 수소 운반에 대한 어려움을 해소하는 기술이 개발, 적용된다면 이에 대한 시장의 수요는 폭발적일 것으로 기대된다. Accordingly, the LNG carrier contains boil-off gas naturally generated in the LNG storage tank, produces hydrogen by utilizing the LNG stored in the LNG carrier, and uses the cold heat of LNG in the LNG storage tank to produce a cryogenic state. The market demand for this is expected to be explosive if technology is developed and applied to maximize the efficiency of energy utilization by maintaining, storing, and transporting, while at the same time maximizing the efficiency of hydrogen transport.

일본등록특허 제04228608호 '액화가스 운반선의 추진장치'(2002년 7월 23일 출원)Japanese Patent No. 04228608'Propelling device for liquefied gas carriers' (filed on July 23, 2002) 한국등록특허 제10-1534235호 '선박용 연료전지 복합발전시스템'(2014년 6월 26일 출원)Korean Registered Patent No. 10-1534235'Fuel Cell Combined Cycle Power Generation System' (filed on June 26, 2014) 한국등록특허 제10-1302006호 '선박용 엔진의 연료 공급장치 및 방법'(2011년 11월 10일 출원)Korean Registered Patent No. 10-1302006'Fuel supply device and method for ship engine' (filed on November 10, 2011)

본 발명은 LNG 운반선의 운항 중에 수소를 생산하여 안정적으로 저장해 이를 운항 종료 시 하역할 수 있도록 하는 것을 주요 목적으로 한다. The present invention has a main purpose of producing hydrogen during the operation of an LNG carrier and stably storing it so that it can be unloaded at the end of the operation.

다른 목적은, 수소 생산 시 발생되는 이산화탄소를 포집하여 액화 이산화탄소 상태로 저장함에 따라 무배출 시스템(Zero-emission)을 구현하는 것이다. Another object is to implement a zero-emission system by collecting carbon dioxide generated during hydrogen production and storing it in a liquefied carbon dioxide state.

상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명에 따른 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선은, NG를 개질하여 CO2와 H2를 생성하는 개질기; LNG 저장탱크로부터 공급받은 LNG를 냉매로 하여 상기 CO2를 LCO2로 변화시키는 제1열교환기; 제1 열교환기로부터 토출된 냉매를 이용하여 상기 H2를 냉각시키는 제2 열교환기; 제1 열교환기를 거쳐 생성된 LCO2를 저장하는 LCO2 저장탱크; 제2 열교환기를 거쳐 냉각된 H2를 저장하는 H2 저장탱크;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, an LNG carrier equipped with a hydrogen production apparatus according to the present invention includes: a reformer that reforms NG to generate CO2 and H2; A first heat exchanger that converts the CO2 into LCO2 by using the LNG supplied from the LNG storage tank as a refrigerant; A second heat exchanger that cools the H2 using a refrigerant discharged from the first heat exchanger; An LCO2 storage tank for storing LCO2 generated through the first heat exchanger; It characterized in that it comprises a; H2 storage tank for storing the cooled H2 through a second heat exchanger.

이 때 상기 제2 열교환기로부터 토출된 NG는, 상기 개질기와, 엔진을 포함하는 내연기관으로 천연가스를 공급하는 연료공급장치 및, 천연가스를 연료로 활용하는 고온형 연료전지 중 하나 이상의 장치에 공급되는 것을 특징으로 한다.At this time, the NG discharged from the second heat exchanger is supplied to one or more of a fuel supply device for supplying natural gas to the internal combustion engine including the reformer and an engine, and a high-temperature fuel cell using natural gas as fuel. It is characterized by being supplied.

또한 상기 개질기에 의해 생성된 H2는, 상기 제2 열교환기 전단에서 분지되어 수소를 연료로 활용하는 저온형 연료전지에 선택적으로 H2공급되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the H2 generated by the reformer is characterized in that it is branched in the front end of the second heat exchanger and selectively supplied with H2 to a low-temperature fuel cell utilizing hydrogen as fuel.

더불어 상기 LNG 저장탱크는, 멤브레인 또는 B-type 화물창의 형태로 데크 하부 선체 내에 선적되고, 상기 H2 저장탱크와 상기 CO2 저장탱크는, 테크 상부에 배치되는 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the LNG storage tank is shipped in a hull of the deck in the form of a membrane or a B-type cargo hold, and the H2 storage tank and the CO2 storage tank are characterized in that they are disposed on the top of the tech.

다른 실시예로서, 상기 H2 저장탱크는, 상기 LNG 저장탱크 내 수용 배치된 것을 특징으로 한다.As another embodiment, the H2 storage tank is characterized in that it is accommodated in the LNG storage tank.

이 때 상기 H2 저장탱크가 수용된 상기 LNG 저장탱크 내부에서 발생되는 증발가스는, 압축기를 거쳐 가압된 상태로 상기 개질기로 유입되는 것을 특징으로 한다.At this time, the boil-off gas generated inside the LNG storage tank in which the H2 storage tank is accommodated is characterized in that it flows into the reformer in a pressurized state through a compressor.

본 발명에 따른 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선에 의하면, LNG 운반선의 LNG 저장탱크 내에 저장된 LNG를 강제 기화한 가스 및 상기 LNG 저장탱크에서 발생한 증발가스를 활용하여 수소를 생산한 이후, 연료공급시스템으로 공급되는 LNG의 냉열을 활용하여 생산된 수소를 1차 냉각하고, 상기 LNG 저장탱크내의 LNG의 냉열을 이용해 초저온의 온도로 유지하여 저장, 운송함으로써 에너지 효율을 극대화시킴과 동시에 수소 운반에 대한 어려움을 해소할 수 있다. According to the LNG carrier equipped with a hydrogen production device according to the present invention, after producing hydrogen by using the gas vaporized from the LNG stored in the LNG storage tank and the gas stored in the LNG storage tank of the LNG carrier, a fuel supply system It maximizes energy efficiency and at the same time maximizes energy efficiency by maximizing energy efficiency by first cooling the hydrogen produced by using the cold heat of LNG supplied to it, and storing and transporting it by maintaining the temperature at an extremely low temperature using the cold heat of LNG in the LNG storage tank. Can be solved.

더불어 LNG 개질을 통한 수소 생산 시 발생되는 이산화탄소를 선내에서 직접 회수토록 함으로써 무배출(Zero-emission)을 달성할 수 있음과 동시에, 상기 이산화탄소를 LNG의 냉열로 액화시킨 액화 이산화탄소(LCO2)를 상업적으로 이용할 수도 있어 산업상 이용가능성이 크다. In addition, zero-emission can be achieved by allowing carbon dioxide generated during hydrogen production through LNG reformation to be directly recovered on board, and at the same time, liquefied carbon dioxide (LCO2) liquefied by the cold heat of LNG is commercially available. It can be used, so it has great industrial applicability.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선의 작용을 나타낸 도면이다.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선 내 다양한 저장탱크들의 배치를 나타낸 개념도이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선의 다른 실시예를 나타낸 도면이다. 1 is a view showing the operation of an LNG carrier equipped with a hydrogen production device according to the present invention.
2 is a conceptual view showing the arrangement of various storage tanks in an LNG carrier equipped with a hydrogen production device according to the present invention.
3 is a view showing another embodiment of an LNG carrier equipped with a hydrogen production device of the present invention.

이하 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 상세하게 설명하도록 한다. 각 도면의 동일한 참조 번호는 동일한 구성 요소를 지칭한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in each drawing refer to the same components.

본 발명은 LNG 저장탱크에서 발생되는 증발가스와, LNG 저장탱크에 저장된 LNG를 강제 기화시킨 NG를 활용하여, 수소 생산 원료로 사용함을 전제로 하므로, 복수의 대형 LNG 저장탱크를 선적한 상태로 운항하는 LNG 운반선에 적용됨에 의해 그 효용이 극대화될 수 있으나, 그 외에도 LNG 저장탱크를 구비한 다양한 목적의 선박에 적용될 수 있음은 물론이다. Since the present invention is based on the premise that the NG generated from the LNG storage tank and the NG forcibly vaporizing the LNG stored in the LNG storage tank is used as a raw material for hydrogen production, the plurality of large LNG storage tanks are operated in a shipping state. The utility can be maximized by being applied to an LNG carrier, but, of course, it can be applied to a variety of vessels equipped with an LNG storage tank.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선의 작용을 나타낸 도면이다. 도 1을 참조하여 본 발명의 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선의 기본적인 구성을 차례로 설명하기로 한다. 1 is a view showing the operation of an LNG carrier equipped with a hydrogen production device according to the present invention. Referring to Figure 1 will be described in turn the basic configuration of an LNG carrier equipped with a hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention.

본 발명은 LNG 저장탱크(1)를 기 구비한 선박, 특히 LNG 운반선에 있어서, 개질기(100)와 제1,2 열교환기(210, 220), LCO2 저장탱크(2), H2 저장탱크(3)를 포함함으로써 자체적 수소 생산, 수소와 이산화탄소 냉각 및 저장을 수행할 수 있다. The present invention is a ship equipped with an LNG storage tank (1), especially in the LNG carrier, the reformer 100 and the first and second heat exchangers (210, 220), LCO2 storage tank (2), H2 storage tank (3 ), it is possible to perform its own hydrogen production, hydrogen and carbon dioxide cooling and storage.

개질기(100)는 천연가스를 활용하여 스팀을 이용한 메탄 리포밍(SMR)을 통해 수소를 생산하는 장치를 의미하는 것으로, CO2 분리기, 수소 순도 증가기 등을 포함한다. 상기 개질기(100)는 선박에 기 설치된 조수기, 보일러(10) 등으로부터 스팀을 공급받고, 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1)로부터 자연 발생된 증발가스를 가압 처리한 가압 증발가스와 LNG를 기화시켜 연료화한 NG를 혼합하여 공급받아, 이를 개질하여 H2(수소)를 생성하고, CO2(이산화탄소)를 분리 배출하는 것이다. The reformer 100 refers to a device that produces hydrogen through methane reforming (SMR) using steam using natural gas, and includes a CO2 separator, a hydrogen purity increaser, and the like. The reformer 100 is supplied with steam from a fresh water generator, a boiler 10, etc., which are pre-installed on a ship, and is vaporized by vaporizing pressurized evaporation gas and LNG vaporizing the naturally occurring evaporation gas from the LNG storage tank 1 It is supplied by mixing one NG, reforming it to produce H2 (hydrogen), and separately discharging CO2 (carbon dioxide).

제1 열교환기(210)는 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1)로부터 극저온의 LNG를 공급받아 이를 냉매로 하여 상기 개질기(100)로부터 배출되는 상기 CO2를 열교환 방식으로 냉각시킴으로써, 상기 CO2가 LCO2(액화 이산화탄소)로 상변화하도록 한다. 이 때 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1) 하부 일 측에는, 도면에 도시된 바와 같이 극저온 펌프(1a)가 구비되어, 하부에 수용된 극저온의 LNG를 외부로 토출시키도록 하는 것이 바람직하다. The first heat exchanger 210 receives cryogenic LNG from the LNG storage tank 1 and uses it as a refrigerant to cool the CO2 discharged from the reformer 100 in a heat exchange manner, so that the CO2 is LCO2 (liquefied carbon dioxide) ) To change the phase. At this time, the lower side of the LNG storage tank 1, as shown in the drawing is provided with a cryogenic pump (1a), it is preferable to discharge the cryogenic LNG accommodated in the lower portion to the outside.

제2 열교환기(220)는 상기 제1 열교환기(210)를 지남에 따라 가온되어 2상(two phase)으로 변화한 LNG 유체를 냉매로 하여 상기 개질기(100)에서 생산된 H2를 열교환 방식으로 냉각시킨다. The second heat exchanger 220 heats the H2 produced in the reformer 100 by using the LNG fluid heated to the first heat exchanger 210 and changed into two phases as a refrigerant as the refrigerant. Let cool.

LCO2 저장탱크(2)와 H2 저장탱크(3)는, 각각 제1 열교환기(210)를 거친 LCO2와 제2 열교환기(220)를 거친 H2를 저장한다. 이 때 LCO2 저장탱크(2)는 가압형인 IMO type-C 탱크일 수 있으며, 선박의 한 항차 운항동안 발생되는 LCO2가 전체 탱크 부피의 90% 이하가 되도록 설계하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한 H2 저장탱크(3)는 IMO type-C 탱크 혹은 튜브 타입이 바람직할 수 있으며, 운항동안 외부에서 침입하는 열량에 의하여 압력이 상승하는 부분을 고려하여 최대 설계 운영 압력의 70%를 넘기지 않도록 설계하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 발명의 LNG 운반선이 하역을 위한 항구에 도착하면 상기 LCO2 저장탱크(2)와 H2 저장탱크(3)내에 저장된 LCO2 및 H2는 하역되어 소비처로 이송된 후 다양한 방식으로 활용될 수 있다. 또한, 적절히 표준화된 LCO2 저장탱크(2)와 H2 저장탱크(3)의 교체시스템이 존재할 경우 카트리지 형태로 상기 탱크들을 하역할 수도 있을 것이다.The LCO2 storage tank 2 and the H2 storage tank 3 store LCO2 that has passed through the first heat exchanger 210 and H2 that has passed through the second heat exchanger 220, respectively. At this time, the LCO2 storage tank 2 may be a pressurized IMO type-C tank, and it is preferable to design such that LCO2 generated during one voyage operation of the ship is less than 90% of the total tank volume. In addition, the H2 storage tank 3 may be preferably an IMO type-C tank or tube type, and is designed not to exceed 70% of the maximum design operating pressure in consideration of the portion where the pressure rises due to the amount of heat intruding from the outside during operation. It is desirable to do. When the LNG carrier of the present invention arrives at the port for unloading, the LCO2 and H2 stored in the LCO2 storage tank 2 and the H2 storage tank 3 can be unloaded and transported to a consumer to be utilized in various ways. In addition, if there is an appropriately standardized replacement system of the LCO2 storage tank 2 and the H2 storage tank 3, the tanks may be unloaded in the form of a cartridge.

발명의 구성 및 기능에 대한 이해를 돕기 위하여, 각 물질별 흐름을 기준으로 설명하고자 한다. In order to help understand the composition and function of the invention, it will be described based on the flow of each material.

먼저 H2는, 상기 개질기(100)에 의해 생산된 이후 스트림 상에 구비된 압축기(20)에 의해 30 내지 50MPa로 압축되고, 그 다음으로 물을 냉매로 사용하는 냉각기(30)를 통해 25℃ 내외로 감온된다. 이 때 상기 압축기(20)는, 상기 개질기(100)에 의해 발생된 H2의 압력을 높여 더 많은 질량유량을 저장하기 위한 것이고, 상기 냉각기(30)는 압축된 H2의 온도를 일정 수준 낮춤으로써 후단에 배치된 상기 제2 열교환기(220)에 진입 시 무리가 없도록 하기 위해 구비된다. First, H2 is compressed by 30 to 50 MPa by a compressor 20 provided on the stream after being produced by the reformer 100, and then around 25°C through a cooler 30 using water as a refrigerant. It is reduced to. At this time, the compressor 20 is to increase the pressure of H2 generated by the reformer 100 to store more mass flow rate, and the cooler 30 lowers the temperature of the compressed H2 by a certain level. It is provided so that there is no strain when entering the second heat exchanger 220 disposed in.

그 이후 상기 H2는 상기 제2 열교환기(220)를 지나면서 초저온으로 냉각되어 상기 H2 저장탱크(3) 내로 저장될 수 있다. 상기 수소 생산 과정에서, 상기 냉각기(30)에 의해 냉각된 H2 중 일부 혹은 H2 저장탱크(3)에 저장된 상태의 H2는 이를 연료로 활용하는 B형 발전기(52), 예를 들어 저온형 연료전지(PEMFC 등)로 공급되어 전력 생산을 위한 연료로 활용되도록 할 수 있다. 도면에는 도시되지 않았지만, 상술한 바와 같이 상기 H2가 연료로서 활용되는 경우에는 별도의 압력 조절장치 및 온도 조절을 위한 열교환기가 추가로 구비될 수 있음은 물론이다. Thereafter, the H2 may be cooled to an extremely low temperature while passing through the second heat exchanger 220 and stored in the H2 storage tank 3. In the hydrogen production process, some of the H2 cooled by the cooler 30 or H2 stored in the H2 storage tank 3 is a B-type generator 52 that utilizes it as fuel, for example, a low-temperature fuel cell (PEMFC, etc.) to be used as fuel for power generation. Although not shown in the drawings, when the H2 is used as a fuel as described above, a separate pressure regulating device and a heat exchanger for temperature control may be additionally provided.

CO2는, 상기 개질기(100)에 의해 배출되어 압축기(20) 및 냉각기(30)를 지난 후 제1 열교환기(210)를 거치며 LCO2로 상변화된 상태로 상기 LCO2 저장탱크(2)로 저장된다. 상기 LCO2의 순도가 상업적으로 판매 되는 수준을 확보하기 위하여 고순도 LCO2를 생산하는 장치를 추가적으로 장착할 수도 있으며, 선급 등에서 규정하는 내용을 만족하기 위하여 CO2에 냉열을 공급하기 위한 상기 제1 열교환기(210)는 간접식 열교환기로 적용될 수 있음은 물론이다.CO2 is discharged by the reformer 100, passes through the compressor 20 and the cooler 30, passes through the first heat exchanger 210 and is stored in the LCO2 storage tank 2 in a phase-changed state with LCO2. In order to secure a level in which the purity of the LCO2 is commercially sold, a device for producing a high-purity LCO2 may be additionally installed, and the first heat exchanger 210 for supplying cold heat to the CO2 in order to satisfy the content prescribed by the classification society, etc. Of course, can be applied as an indirect heat exchanger.

본 발명의 핵심 요소인 LNG는, LNG 저장탱크(1) 하부에 마련된 극저온 펌프(1a)를 통해 외부로 토출되어 제1 열교환기(210)로 공급되어 상기 CO2와 열교환하면서 2상(two phase) 또는 기상으로 상변화한다. 그 상태로 제2 열교환기(220)로 공급되어 생산된 H2와 열교환함에 따라 완전한 기상으로 상변화된다. LNG, which is a core element of the present invention, is discharged to the outside through a cryogenic pump 1a provided under the LNG storage tank 1 and is supplied to the first heat exchanger 210 while exchanging heat with the CO2. Or phase changes in the weather. As it is supplied to the second heat exchanger 220 in this state, the phase changes to a complete gas phase by exchanging heat with H2 produced.

상기 제2 열교환기(220)를 지나며 기화된 NG는 상기 개질기(100)로 유입되어 수소 생산의 원료로 활용될 수 있고, NG를 연료로 사용하는 엔진 등 선박 내 내연기관에 연료를 공급하는 연료공급시스템(FGSS:Fuel Gas Supply System)(40)으로 공급될 수 있으며, 또는 NG를 연료로 하는 A형 발전기(51), 예를 들어 고온형 연료전지(SOFC 등)으로 공급되어 전력생산의 연료로 사용되도록 하는 것도 가능할 것이다. 상기 기화된 NG가 각 장치들로 분배되는 유량은 GVU(Gas Valve Unit)에 의하여 선박의 동작 조건에 의하여 조절될 수 있다. The NG vaporized after passing through the second heat exchanger 220 may flow into the reformer 100 and be used as a raw material for hydrogen production, and fuel that supplies fuel to an internal combustion engine in a ship, such as an engine using NG as fuel. It can be supplied to a supply system (FGSS:Fuel Gas Supply System) 40, or is supplied to an A-type generator 51 using NG as a fuel, for example, a high-temperature fuel cell (SOFC, etc.) to produce electricity. It would also be possible to use it as The flow rate in which the vaporized NG is distributed to each device may be controlled by the operating condition of the vessel by a gas valve unit (GVU).

도 2는 본 발명에 따른 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선 내 다양한 저장탱크들의 배치를 나타낸 개념도이다. 2 is a conceptual view showing the arrangement of various storage tanks in an LNG carrier equipped with a hydrogen production device according to the present invention.

도 2를 참조하여 본 발명의 다양한 저장 탱크들의 배치에 대한 실시예를 설명하면, 복수의 LNG 저장탱크(1)는 멤브레인 혹은 B-type 화물창의 형태로 데크 하부 선체 내에 선적되는 것이 바람직하고, 상기 H2 저장탱크(3)와 LCO2 저장탱크(2)는 데크 상부에 배치하는 것이 바람직하다. 이 때 개질기(100)와 제1,2 열교환기(210, 220)는 복수의 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1)가 선적된 영역과 상기 H2 저장탱크(3)와 LCO2 저장탱크(2)가 배치된 영역의 중앙 측에 일정 공간을 독립적으로 확보하여 설치될 것이다. 상술한 배치안은 LNG의 적하역 용이성과, 생산된 H2와 LCO2의 하역의 용이성 및 생산된 H2의 누출 발생시의 안전성을 고려하여 설계된 것이며, 당업자에 의해 추가적인 안전 사항이 고려된 형태로 변경될 수도 있다. 또한, 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1)의 높이는 데크 상부에서 H2 저장탱크(3)와 LCO2 저장탱크(2)의 배치를 고려하여 선박의 안정성을 확보할 수 있도록 결정되어야 함은 물론이다. Referring to Figure 2, when explaining an embodiment of the arrangement of various storage tanks of the present invention, it is preferable that the plurality of LNG storage tanks 1 are shipped in the lower hull of the deck in the form of a membrane or a B-type cargo hold. It is preferable that the H2 storage tank 3 and the LCO2 storage tank 2 are disposed on the upper portion of the deck. At this time, the reformer 100 and the first and second heat exchangers 210 and 220 are arranged in a region where a plurality of the LNG storage tanks 1 are shipped, and the H2 storage tank 3 and LCO2 storage tanks 2 are disposed. It will be installed by securing a certain space independently on the central side of the area. The above-described arrangement is designed in consideration of the ease of loading and unloading of LNG, the ease of unloading of produced H2 and LCO2, and safety in the event of leakage of produced H2, and additional safety matters may be changed by a person skilled in the art into consideration. . In addition, it is needless to say that the height of the LNG storage tank 1 should be determined so as to secure the stability of the ship in consideration of the arrangement of the H2 storage tank 3 and the LCO2 storage tank 2 at the top of the deck.

도 3은 본 발명의 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선의 다른 실시예를 나타낸 도면이다. 도 3을 참조하여 수소 저장 효율을 높이기 위한 다른 실시예를 설명하고자 한다. 3 is a view showing another embodiment of an LNG carrier equipped with a hydrogen production device of the present invention. Another embodiment for increasing the hydrogen storage efficiency will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

멤브레인 또는 B-type 화물창의 형태로 적용된 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1) 내 LNG는 약 ??158℃의 저온으로 저장되는 바, 도 3에 도시된 바와 같이 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1) 내부 하부에 상기 H2 저장탱크(3)가 수용되도록 설계 배치함으로써 상기 H2 저장탱크(3)의 저장환경을 개선하여 동일 용량의 탱크 내부에 더 많은 양의 H2를 저장 및 운송할 수 있도록 하고자 한다.The LNG in the LNG storage tank 1 applied in the form of a membrane or a B-type cargo hold is stored at a low temperature of about ??158°C. As shown in FIG. 3, the LNG storage tank 1 has an inner lower portion. It is intended to improve the storage environment of the H2 storage tank 3 by designing and disposing the H2 storage tank 3 so that a larger amount of H2 can be stored and transported inside the tank of the same capacity.

만약 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1) 내의 LNG 저장량이 감소되어 상기 H2 저장탱크(3)의 상부가 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1) 내 가스 성분이 존재하는 상부 영역에 노출되는 경우에도, 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1)내 상부 영역의 온도 역시 ??100℃ 이하인바, 도 2에서 제시한 경우에 비하여 더 낮은 온도로 유지될 수 있음은 충분히 가능하다. If the amount of LNG storage in the LNG storage tank 1 is reduced and the upper portion of the H2 storage tank 3 is exposed to an upper region where gas components are present in the LNG storage tank 1, the LNG storage tank ( 1) The temperature of the upper region of the inside is also ??100°C or less, so it is sufficiently possible to be maintained at a lower temperature compared to the case shown in FIG. 2.

또한, 상기 제2 열교환기(220)를 거쳐 냉각된 H2는 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1) 내부로 진입하는 배관을 따라 이동하여 최종적으로 상기 H2 저장탱크(3)로 유입될 것인데, 이 때 유입되는 H2의 온도가 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1) 내부 LNG 온도에 비해 높을 것이므로 상기 LNG 저장탱크(1)에서 발생되는 증발가스의 양은 더욱 증가하게 될 것이다. 이 경우 상기 증발가스는 스트림 상에 형성된 압축기(20)를 통해 가압된 상태로 LNG를 기화한 NG와 혼합되어 상기 개질기(100)로 유입됨으로써 수소 생산을 위한 원료로서 활발히 기능할 것이다. In addition, the H2 cooled through the second heat exchanger 220 will move along the pipe entering the LNG storage tank 1 and finally flow into the H2 storage tank 3, which is introduced at this time. Since the temperature of H2 will be higher than the LNG temperature inside the LNG storage tank 1, the amount of evaporation gas generated in the LNG storage tank 1 will be further increased. In this case, the boil-off gas is mixed with NG vaporized LNG in a pressurized state through the compressor 20 formed on the stream and flows into the reformer 100 to function as a raw material for hydrogen production.

지금까지 설명한 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선의 구성 및 작용을 상기 설명 및 도면에 표현하였지만 이는 예를 들어 설명한 것에 불과하여 본 발명의 사상이 상기 설명 및 도면에 한정되지 않으며, 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 벗어나지 않는 범위 내에서 다양한 변화 및 변경이 가능하다.As described so far, the configuration and operation of the LNG carrier having the hydrogen production apparatus according to the present invention are expressed in the above description and drawings, but this is merely an example and the spirit of the present invention is not limited to the above description and drawings. It is not, and various changes and changes are possible without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

1: LNG 저장탱크
1a: 극저온 펌프
2: LCO2 저장탱크
3: H2 저장탱크
10: 보일러
20: 압축기
30: 냉각기
40: 연료공급시스템
51: A형 발전기
52: B형 발전기
100: 개질기
210: 제1 열교환기
220: 제2 열교환기1: LNG storage tank
1a: cryogenic pump
2: LCO2 storage tank
3: H2 storage tank
10: boiler
20: compressor
30: cooler
40: fuel supply system
51: type A generator
52: Type B generator
100: reformer
210: first heat exchanger
220: second heat exchanger

Claims (6)

NG를 개질하여 H2를 생성하고 CO2를 배출하는 개질기;
LNG 저장탱크로부터 공급받은 LNG를 냉매로 하여 상기 CO2를 LCO2로 변화시키는 제1열교환기;
제1 열교환기로부터 토출된 냉매를 이용하여 상기 H2를 냉각시키는 제2 열교환기;
제1 열교환기를 거쳐 생성된 LCO2를 저장하는 LCO2 저장탱크;
제2 열교환기를 거쳐 냉각된 H2를 저장하는 H2 저장탱크;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선.
A reformer that reforms NG to produce H2 and emits CO2;
A first heat exchanger that converts the CO2 into LCO2 by using the LNG supplied from the LNG storage tank as a refrigerant;
A second heat exchanger that cools the H2 using a refrigerant discharged from the first heat exchanger;
An LCO2 storage tank for storing LCO2 generated through the first heat exchanger;
It characterized in that it comprises; H2 storage tank for storing the cooled H2 through a second heat exchanger, LNG carrier with a hydrogen production device.
제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제2 열교환기로부터 토출된 NG는,
상기 개질기와,
엔진을 포함하는 내연기관으로 천연가스를 공급하는 연료공급장치 및,
천연가스를 연료로 활용하는 고온형 연료전지 중 하나 이상의 장치에 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선.
According to claim 1,
NG discharged from the second heat exchanger,
The reformer,
A fuel supply device for supplying natural gas to an internal combustion engine including an engine, and
LNG carrier with a hydrogen production device, characterized in that it is supplied to one or more of the high-temperature fuel cells using natural gas as fuel.
제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 개질기에 의해 생성된 H2는,
수소를 연료로 활용하는 저온형 연료전지에 선택적으로 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선.
According to claim 1,
H2 produced by the reformer,
An LNG carrier having a hydrogen production device, characterized in that it is selectively supplied to a low-temperature fuel cell that utilizes hydrogen as a fuel.
제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 LNG 저장탱크는,
멤브레인 또는 B-type 화물창의 형태로 데크 하부 선체 내에 선적되고,
상기 H2 저장탱크와 상기 LCO2 저장탱크는,
데크 상부에 배치되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선.
According to claim 1,
The LNG storage tank,
Shipped in the bottom hull of the deck in the form of a membrane or B-type cargo hold,
The H2 storage tank and the LCO2 storage tank,
Characterized in that disposed on the deck, LNG carrier with a hydrogen production device.
제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 H2 저장탱크는,
상기 LNG 저장탱크 내 수용 배치된 것을 특징으로 하는, 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선.
According to claim 1,
The H2 storage tank,
The LNG carrier, characterized in that arranged in the LNG storage tank, equipped with a hydrogen production device.
제 5 항에 있어서,
상기 H2 저장탱크가 수용된 상기 LNG 저장탱크 내부에서 발생되는 증발가스는,
압축기를 거쳐 가압된 상태로 상기 개질기로 유입되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 수소 생산 장치를 구비한 LNG 운반선. The method of claim 5,
The boil-off gas generated in the LNG storage tank in which the H2 storage tank is accommodated is
An LNG carrier having a hydrogen production device, characterized in that it is introduced into the reformer in a pressurized state through a compressor.
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KR102578218B1 (en) * 2022-11-29 2023-09-13 (주)빅텍스 Co2 capture and reuse system through blue hydrogen production including suction line accumulator
KR102578213B1 (en) * 2022-11-29 2023-09-13 (주)빅텍스 Co2 capture and reuse system through blue hydrogen production including air cooled type cooler
KR102578221B1 (en) * 2022-11-29 2023-09-13 (주)빅텍스 Swlwctively removable co2 capture and reuse system through blue hydrogen production

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