KR102077750B1 - Carbonization system for low-level radioactive waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a low-level radioactive waste carbonization system which carbonizes low-level radioactive waste. More specifically, the present invention relates to a low-level radioactive waste carbonization system which uses high temperature energy generated during a process of carbonizing the low-level radioactive waste to generate steam and electricity so as to recycle energy, and dramatically reduces output of harmful gas to be useful for preventing air pollution. According to the present invention, the low-level radioactive waste carbonization system comprises: a carbonization facility carbonizing low-level radioactive waste; an energy recycling facility using high temperature exhaust emitted from the carbonization facility to generate energy; a dust collection facility filtering and removing pollutants of the exhaust passing through the energy recycling facility; and an exhaust reduction facility removing the pollutants of the exhaust passing through the dust collection facility by using a catalyst.

Description

CARBONIZATION SYSTEM FOR LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE}

The present invention relates to a low-level radioactive waste carbonization system that carbonizes low-level radioactive waste, and more specifically, uses high-temperature energy generated during carbonization of low-level radioactive waste to make steam and electricity to recycle energy, and It relates to a low-level radioactive waste carbonization system useful for preventing air pollution by significantly reducing emissions.

Radioactive waste refers to various wastes containing radioactive materials from handling nuclear reactors, nuclear fuel, and artificial radioactive isotopes. Radioactive waste is also considered to be a waste material from a nuclear facility or a workshop or laboratory dealing with radioactive materials, nuclear fission products, coolant, cooling gas, etc., or tools, cloth, paper, washing water used in experiments or work.

In general, combustible medium and low level solid wastes such as work clothes are reduced through incineration treatment, and then ash containing radioactive materials is placed in an airtight container along with other non-combustible solid wastes to prevent radioactive materials from leaking to the outside.

Conventional technologies related to radioactive waste treatment devices include Patent Registration No. 10-1073661 (Registration Date October 7, 2011) "Incineration Devices for Radioactive Waste", Patent Registration No. 10-0976770 (Registration Date August 12, 2010 1) "Combustible radioactive waste treatment device using microwave", patent registration No. 10-1333499 (registration date November 21, 2013) "Radioactive waste carbonization device", registration patent No. 10-1622336 (registration date 2016 May 12) "Low-level radioactive waste carbonization system for volume reduction" was launched.

In the process of incineration or carbonization of radioactive waste, high temperature energy is generated. In the prior art, energy efficiency is low by discarding this high temperature energy without recycling.

In addition, the exhaust gas generated during the incineration or carbonization of radioactive waste contains various air pollutants such as dioxins, nitric oxide, and dust, and in the prior art, the efficiency of removing air pollutants is low.

The present invention can maximize the efficiency of a radioactive waste treatment plant that is difficult to establish due to the Nimby phenomenon by carbonizing low-level radioactive waste such as gloves, work clothes, and parts used after replacement in a nuclear power plant, and carbonization of radioactive waste Steam and electricity are produced by using high-temperature energy generated in the process, which is excellent in energy efficiency, and removes air pollutants from exhaust gas more completely, so there is no fear of air pollution, and the pipe through which exhaust gas passes connects the binding member. The aim is to provide a low-level radioactive waste carbonization system that can be easily attached to and released from the plunge through convenient maintenance.

The low-level radioactive waste carbonization system according to the present invention for achieving the above object is

Carbonization equipment for carbonizing low-level radioactive waste;

An energy recycling facility that generates energy using high temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the carbonization facility;

A dust collecting facility for filtering and removing pollutants of exhaust gas that has passed through the energy recycling facility;

It comprises a; exhaust gas reduction equipment for removing the pollutants of the exhaust gas that has passed through the dust collecting facility using a catalyst.

And the carbonization equipment

A hopper section containing low-level radioactive waste,

A main chamber unit that incinerates and carbonizes the low-level radioactive waste inputted from the hopper in an inert gas environment,

And a sub-chamber unit for removing carbon monoxide by incinerating the non-combustible exhaust gas generated in the main chamber unit in an active gas environment,

The hopper portion is characterized in that a double damper is provided to block external air from entering the main chamber when low-level radioactive waste is introduced into the main chamber,

The energy recycling facility

A radiating unit that produces steam using the high temperature of the exhaust gas,

Characterized in that it comprises a convention unit for producing electricity using the high temperature of the exhaust gas,

The dust collection equipment

A static electricity module that generates static electricity,

It characterized in that it comprises a counter electrode for collecting the fine particles contained in the exhaust gas by receiving the static electricity from the static electricity module,

The pipe through which the exhaust gas generated in the carbonization facility passes,

Further comprising a binding member for binding the pipe to the plunger provided in the energy recycling facility,

The binding member

A nibble having a hollow portion that is extrapolated to the pipe, a hoisting hole connected outwardly from one side of the hollow portion, and a moving groove that is connected to have a predetermined length in a direction in one direction from the outer end of the hoisting hole. and,

A pressurized ball coupled to be raised and lowered from the hoisting hole and capable of appearing in the hollow portion;

It is fastened to the screw thread of the moving groove and can be moved back and forth along the moving groove, and a rotary ball having a gripping portion exposed to the outside of the nibble,

It is fitted to the other end of the rotary ball is coupled to the idler with the rotary ball, the other side of the inner surface is formed to be inclined upward toward the outside, including a pressure inlet having a pressure inclined surface in contact with the top of the outer peripheral surface of the pressure ball,

When the binding member is pushed into the spout portion of the pipe fitted to the plunge, and then tightened and moved, the pressure ball is pulled out into the hollow portion and the outer circumferential surface of the spout portion is pressed and fixed to the plunge. .

The low-level radioactive waste carbonization system according to the present invention maximizes the efficiency of the radioactive waste treatment plant by carbonizing low-level radioactive waste and greatly reduces the volume, and increases the energy efficiency of the system by producing steam and electric energy using high-temperature energy, There is no concern about air pollution by completely removing various pollutants contained in the exhaust gas, and the pipe through which the exhaust gas passes is quickly and easily attached to or separated from the plunger through a binding member, making maintenance easy and efficient. As a carbonization system, it is a very useful invention for industrial development.

1 schematically illustrates a low-level radioactive waste carbonization system according to the present invention.
2 is a front view and a sectional view of a carbonization facility according to an example of the present invention.
3 is a view for explaining a binding member for binding a pipe according to the present invention to a flange.

Hereinafter, a low-level radioactive waste carbonization system according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

Before explaining in more detail about the low-level radioactive waste carbonization system according to the present invention,

The present invention can be applied to a variety of changes and can have a variety of forms, the implementation (態 樣, aspect) (or embodiments) will be described in detail in the text. However, it is not intended to limit the present invention to a specific disclosure form, it should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, or substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The same reference numbers in each drawing, especially the number of tens and ones, or the same number of tens, ones and alphabets indicate the members having the same or similar functions, and each of the drawings unless otherwise specified. The member indicated by the reference numeral can be understood as a member conforming to these standards.

In addition, in each drawing, the elements are exaggeratedly large (or thick) or smallly (or thinly) or simplified to express the size or thickness in consideration of convenience, etc., thereby limiting the scope of the present invention. It should not be.

The terminology used herein is only used to describe a specific embodiment (sun, 態 樣, aspect) (or embodiment), and is not intended to limit the present invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, terms such as ~ include ~ or ~ consist of ~ are intended to designate the existence of features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, and one or more other features. It should be understood that the existence or addition possibilities of fields or numbers, steps, actions, components, parts or combinations thereof are not excluded in advance.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Terms such as those defined in a commonly used dictionary should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with meanings in the context of related technologies, and should not be interpreted as ideal or excessively formal meanings unless explicitly defined in the present application. Does not.

1, the low-level radioactive waste carbonization system according to the present invention comprises a carbonization facility 1, an energy recycling facility 2, a dust collection facility 3, and an exhaust gas reduction facility 4.

Referring to FIG. 2, the carbonization facility 1 includes a hopper portion 10, a main chamber portion 20, a sub-chamber portion 30, and a discharge portion 50.

The hopper part 10 contains radioactive waste, and the radioactive waste contained therein is introduced into the main chamber part 20.

The hopper part 10 has a double damper structure so that outside air flows into the main chamber part 20 through the hopper part 10 or flows out through the hopper part 10 of the main chamber part 20. Minimize that.

When the damper disposed on the inlet side of the hopper portion 10 with the double damper is a primary damper (not shown), and the damper disposed on the inlet side of the main chamber portion 20 is called a secondary damper (not shown), When the radioactive waste is put into the hopper 10, the first true damper is opened, but the secondary damper is closed to block outflow of the bet, and when the radioactive waste from the hopper 10 is introduced into the main chamber 20 The secondary damper is opened but the primary damper is closed to block the inflow of outside air, so that the inert gas environment inside the main chamber 20 is stably maintained so that carbonization of radioactive waste is stably performed.

The hopper portion 10 is provided with partitions (not shown) to allow the radioactive waste to be spatially separated, and the radioactive waste separated into the partition is sequentially batch-injected into the main chamber unit 20, so that the radioactive waste is No clogging or accumulation occurs in the main chamber unit 20.

The main chamber part 20 incinerates the radioactive waste by incinerating the radioactive waste inputted from the hopper 10 in a non-sulfur gas environment. Here, the non-sulfur gas environment is an environment that causes carbonization and ensures airflow in the sealed main chamber 20, and nitrogen (N2) occupies 80% or more and oxygen (O2) occupies 20% or less.

The wall 21 of the main chamber part 20 may be composed of an outermost ceramic board, a middle insulating brick, and an inner refractory brick in consideration of heat resistance, heat insulation, and sealing properties.

The main chamber part 20 is composed of a rotary structure that rotates for stirring and movement of the injected radioactive waste, and for stable incineration, and the inlet is more convenient than the outlet so that the incinerated carbide in the main chamber part 20 naturally moves toward the outlet side. It can be arranged to be tilted high.

For rotation of the main chamber part 20, a gear wheel 22 is provided on the outer surface of the main chamber part, and the gear wheel 22 may be meshed with a gear provided on the shaft of the motor 23. The motor 23 may continuously rotate in the same direction, but alternating forward rotation and reverse rotation is advantageous for reducing load and extending life.

It may be desirable, and the injection nozzle (not shown) for injecting a combustion gas composed of nitrogen and oxygen into the main chamber part 20 is rotated on the inner wall of the main chamber part 20, and the combustion gas is radioactive waste in many ways. By spraying with, it is desirable to increase the combustion efficiency to carbonize the radioactive waste.

The incineration temperature inside the main chamber part 20 is about 800 degrees.

Maintaining the temperature of the main chamber part 20 to about 800 degrees or less is because when the radioactive waste is burned, if it exceeds 2000 degrees, a half-life of radioactivity occurs, which causes a very dangerous situation, and is managed to maintain the temperature. This is very important.

Therefore, the controller of the low-level radioactive waste carbonization system precisely controls the temperature of the main chamber part 20 through PIC and TIC CONTROL, and automatically controls the temperature of the main chamber part 20 by utilizing a PLC. In addition, the power supply facility for heating of the main chamber unit 20 and driving of the controller was configured for redundancy to ensure stability. In this case, a UPS is applied, and an emergency generator is automatically activated to automatically supply power by automatically supplying power. It was secured to ensure continuous automatic operation.

The discharge part 50 discharges the carbide generated in the main chamber part 20 to the outside, and sends the exhaust gas to the sub-chamber part 30.

A lower portion of the discharge portion 50 is provided with an outlet 51 for discharging the carbide generated in the main chamber portion 20 to the outside, and an inclined plate 53 is provided between the outlet of the main chamber portion 20 and the outlet. ) Is placed. The inclined plate allows the carbide generated in the main chamber 20 to be smoothly discharged without accumulation when discharging in a clinker state.

Below the discharge unit 50 is provided a collection unit 60 to store and collect the discharged carbide.

The subchamber part 30 incinerates the non-combustible exhaust gas generated in the main chamber part 20 in an active gas environment to completely burn the exhaust gas and removes carbon monoxide contained in the exhaust gas.

The sub-chamber 30 is provided with an oxygen injection nozzle (not shown) for injecting oxygen to create an active gas environment.

A honeycomb structure blocking plate 31 may be disposed at the entrance of the subchamber part 30. The blocking plate 31 blocks and removes dioxin contained in the exhaust gas passing through.

The temperature of exhaust gas completely burned in the subchamber part 30 is about 850 degrees. When the temperature of the exhaust gas exceeds 850 degrees, it is not preferable because there is a risk that the half life of the radioactive element contained in the exhaust gas acts.

The subchamber part 30 is provided with a flange F forming an outlet hole 33 through which the exhaust gas exhausted flows. A pipe P is coupled to the flange F to supply exhaust gas to the energy recycling facility 2.

The energy recycling facility 2 produces energy that can be recycled using high-temperature energy discharged from the carbonization facility 1.

The energy recycling facility 2 includes a radiating unit 2a for producing steam using hot exhaust gas and a convention unit 2b for producing electricity using hot exhaust gas.

The radiating portion 2a is provided with a steam drum in which the produced steam is stored, and the convention portion 2b is equipped with a super heater for producing electricity through heat exchange.

The temperature of about 850 degrees and the exhaust gas flowing into the energy recycling facility 2 emits high-temperature energy and is discharged to about 300 degrees.

The dust collecting facility 3 collects exhaust gas to filter and remove contaminants such as dust and odor contained in the exhaust gas.

The dust collecting facility 3 may use a filter dust collector for collecting pollutants of exhaust gas using physical properties or an electric dust collector for collecting pollutants of exhaust gases for electrical properties, and both a filter dust collector and an electrostatic dust collector may be used. have.

The electrostatic precipitator is composed of a static electricity module that generates static electricity and a counter electrode that receives static electricity from the static electricity module and collects fine particles contained in the exhaust gas. Fine particles of PM2.5 and PM10 can be collected, and fine dust of exhaust gas pollutants is removed by 99.5% or more. Electrostatic precipitator of the present invention than the dust collection equipment according to the prior art Fine dust removal efficiency is improved by 30%.

The dust collecting facility 3 can control dust and fine dust contained in the exhaust gas at a high temperature, and at the same time can process some dioxin precursors, and can discharge the temperature of the exhaust gas at a level of 300 degrees. Since no separate combustion energy is required compared to the facility, energy can be drastically saved, and the load of the rear exhaust gas reduction facility (4) is reduced.

The exhaust gas reduction facility 4 sprays an aqueous solution of ammonia (NH3) or urea (NH2 (2CO)) into the exhaust gas to remove nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and dioxin contained in the exhaust gas through a catalytic reaction.

The exhaust gas generated by the incineration of radioactive waste in the main chamber part 20 of the carbonization facility 1 passes through the sub-chamber part 30, the dust collection facility 3 and the exhaust gas reduction facility 4, and pollutants are 99. After being removed by more than%, it is purified with clean air, and then discharged to the atmosphere through the exhaust fan 5 and the flue 6.

3, the pipe (P) through which the exhaust gas passes, carbonization equipment (1), energy recycling equipment (2) dust collection equipment (3), air pollution reduction equipment (4) equipped with a plunger (F) to bind The binding member 40 is shown.

Since the pipe P can be quickly and easily coupled to and separated from the flange F through the binding member 40, the installation and maintenance work of the facility is convenient and efficient.

The binding member 40,

The hollow portion 41a extrapolated to the pipe P, the hoisting hole 41b connected to the outside from one side of the hollow portion 41a, and the outer end of the hoisting hole 41b to have a predetermined length in one direction. A nibble (41) having a moving groove (41c), which is connected and has threads formed on the bottom surface.

Pressing ball (42) coupled to be able to emerge from the lifting hole (41b) to the hollow portion (41a),

It is fastened to the screw thread of the moving groove (41c), it is possible to move back and forth along the moving groove (41c), and the rotary ball (43) having a gripping portion (43a) exposed to the outside of the nibble (41)

It is inserted into the other end of the rotary ball 43 and coupled to the rotary ball 43 in idling, it is formed to be inclined upward toward the outside on the other inner surface, the pressure inclined surface (34a) in contact with the top of the outer peripheral surface of the pressure ball Including the pressurizing port (44) provided,

When the binding member 40 is pushed and inserted into the spout portion Pa of the pipe P fitted in the plunger F, and then the screw 43 is tightened to move, the pressure ball 42 is hollow It is characterized by being fixed to the plunger (F) by pressing the outer circumferential surface of the spout portion (Pa) while being drawn out to the portion (41a).

The nibble 41 has a hollow portion 41a having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the plunger F, and is movable in the longitudinal direction of the pipe P.

The lifting hole (41b) is provided with a plurality of spaced apart a predetermined distance along the circumference of the hollow portion (41a),

The moving groove (41c) is formed by opening the outer circumferential surface of the nibble (41) as a form of connecting a plurality of lifting holes (41b) in the circumferential direction,

A plurality of lifting holes 41b are radially arranged on the other side of the moving groove 41c.

The pressurized ball 42 is inserted into each hoisting hole 41b and part of the lower portion of the outer circumferential surface is drawn in and out of the hollow portion 41a through the hoisting, and the hoisting hole 41b is formed at the bottom end of the moving groove 41c. ) The inner diameter of the outlet side is formed smaller than the outer diameter of the pressure ball 42 to prevent the pressure ball 42 from coming off.

The rotary shaft 43 is a circular nut shape that is screwed to the moving groove 41c, has an outer circumferential surface larger than the outer diameter of the nibble 41, and a gripping portion 43a is formed, the other end of the rotary shaft 43 Is provided with a circular fitting groove.

The pressing hole 44 is a circular ring shape in which one end is fitted into the fitting groove, and a plurality of pressurizing inclined surfaces 44a having a tapered shape are spaced apart in a circumferential direction so as to increase in diameter while going to the other side. At this time, each pressing inclined surface (44a) is arranged to be fitted to each lifting hole (41b), the rotary ball 43 is idle without rotating the pressing hole (44).

In this binding member 40, when the rotary ball 43 is released in the opposite direction of the hoisting hole 41b, the pressure inclined surface 44a does not push the pressure ball 42 so that the pressure ball 42 is free to move up and down. The member 40 can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the pipe P.

Then, after inserting the spout portion (Pa) of the pipe (P) into the plunge (F) and moving the binding member 40 to the spout portion (Pa) position, the rotating ball (43) has a lifting hole (41b) When tightened in the direction, the pressure inclined surface 44a of the pressure inlet 44 is inserted into the hoisting hole 41b, and accordingly the pressure inclined surface 44a pushes the upper end of the pressure ball 42 so that the pressure inlet 44 is lowered. As the pressure is withdrawn, the spout portion Pa of the pipe P is pressed, thereby preventing the spout portion Pa from opening in the plunge F.

In the above description, the low level radioactive waste carbonization system having a specific shape and structure has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be interpreted as being within the scope of protection.

1: Carbonization facility 10: Hopper part
20: main chamber portion 30: sub-chamber portion
2: Energy recycling facility 2a: Radiation part
2b: Convention unit 3: Dust collection equipment
4: Exhaust gas reduction facility

Claims (5)

Carbonization equipment for carbonizing low-level radioactive waste;
An energy recycling facility that generates energy using high temperature of exhaust gas discharged from the carbonization facility;
A dust collecting facility for filtering and removing pollutants of exhaust gas that has passed through the energy recycling facility;
It comprises an exhaust gas reduction facility for removing the pollutants of the exhaust gas that has passed through the dust collecting facility using a catalyst;

The carbonization facility
A hopper section containing low-level radioactive waste,
A main chamber unit that incinerates and carbonizes the low-level radioactive waste inputted from the hopper in an inert gas environment,
And a sub-chamber unit for removing carbon monoxide by incinerating the non-combustible exhaust gas generated in the main chamber unit in an active gas environment,
A low-level radioactive waste carbonization system characterized in that the hopper portion is provided with a double damper that blocks outside air from entering the main chamber portion when low-level radioactive waste is introduced into the main chamber. delete According to claim 1,
The energy recycling facility
A radiating unit that produces steam using the high temperature of the exhaust gas,
Low-level radioactive waste carbonization system comprising a convention unit for generating electricity using the high temperature of the exhaust gas. According to claim 1,
The dust collection equipment
A static electricity module that generates static electricity,
Low-level radioactive waste carbonization system, characterized in that it comprises a counter electrode for collecting the fine particles contained in the exhaust gas by receiving the static electricity from the electrostatic module. The method according to any one of claims 1, 3, and 4,
The pipe through which the exhaust gas generated in the carbonization facility passes,
Further comprising a binding member for binding the pipe to the plunger provided in the energy recycling facility,

The binding member
A nibble having a hollow portion that is extrapolated to the pipe, a hoisting hole connected outwardly from one side of the hollow portion, and a moving groove that is connected to have a predetermined length in one direction from the outer end of the hoisting hole and has a thread formed on the bottom surface. and,
A pressurized ball coupled to be raised and lowered from the hoisting hole and capable of appearing in the hollow portion;
It is fastened to the screw thread of the moving groove and can be moved back and forth along the moving groove, and a rotary ball having a gripping portion exposed to the outside of the nibble,
It is fitted to the other end of the rotary ball is coupled to the idler with the rotary ball, the other side of the inner surface is formed to be inclined upward toward the outside, including a pressure inlet having a pressure inclined surface in contact with the top of the outer peripheral surface of the pressure ball,
After pushing the binding member to the snout portion of the pipe fitted to the plunge, and then tightening and moving the rotary ball, the pressure ball is pulled out into the hollow portion and the outer circumferential surface of the snout portion is pressed and fixed to the plunge. Low level radioactive waste carbonization system.

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