KR102070976B1 - Light emitting diode (led) based lamp - Google Patents

Abstract

The light emitting device includes an LED-based light source; A spherical, elliptical, oval, or donut diffuser that generates a Lambertian light intensity distribution output at any point on the diffuser surface in response to illumination within the diffuser; A base comprising a base connector. The LED-based light source, diffuser and base are held together as an integrated LED lamp that can be installed in the light socket by connecting the base connector to the light socket. The base is operably connected with the LED-based light source of the integrated LED lamp to electrically operate the LED-based light source using the power received in the base connector.

Description

Light Emitting Diode (LED) Based Lamps {LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) BASED LAMP}

The following relates to lighting technology, light technology, solid state light technology and related technologies.

This application is a continuation of application No. 12 / 572,339 filed on October 2, 2009. This application is a continuation of 12 / 572,480 filed October 2, 2009. This application is a continuation of Design Application 29 / 359,239, filed April 7, 2010. This application is based on April 28, 2010, US Provisional Application 61 / 328,974.

Application 12 / 572,339, filed October 2, 2009, is inextricably incorporated by reference. Application 12 / 572,480, filed October 2, 2009, is inextricably incorporated by reference. Design application 29 / 359,239, filed April 7, 2010, is inextricably incorporated by reference. This application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety on April 28, 2010, US Provisional Application 61 / 328,974.

The following relates to lighting technology, light technology, solid state light technology and related technologies.

Integrated incandescent and halogen lamps accept threaded Edison base connectors (often referred to as "Edison base" in the context of incandescent bulbs), bayonet type base connectors (ie bayonet base in the case of incandescent lamps) or standard electrical power Other standard base connectors (i.e. 110 volt alternating current in the United States, 60 hertz, 50 hz alternating current 220 volt in Europe, 12 or 24 or other DC voltage). In the case of integral incandescent and halogen lamps, this configuration is typical when the incandescent filament is typically operated using standard 110 volt or 220 volt alternating current or 12 volt direct current power and the incandescent filament operates at high temperatures and efficiently heats the superheat around. Is minimal. In such a lamp, the base of the lamp is simply a base connector, ie an Edison base in the case of an A type incandescent lamp.

Some integrated incandescent or halogen lamps are manufactured with omnidirectional light sources intended to provide a substantially constant intensity distribution over angles in a light source wave field that is 5 or 10 times greater in length or typically greater than 1 meter from the light source. Or various applications such as desk lamps, table lamps, decorative lamps, chandeliers, ceiling fixtures and other applications where constant distribution of light in all directions is desired.

Referring to FIG. 1, the coordinate system used in this document is used to describe the spatial distribution of the illumination generated by the lamp for generating the omnidirectional illumination. The coordinate system is in the form of a spherical coordinate system, and the configuration described in FIG. 1 is described for lamp L, which is an A type incandescent bulb with Edison base EB, where the EB is a screw rotation of the base EB in millimeters, for example. It may be a number E25, E26 or E27 lamp base representing the outer diameter of. For the purpose of describing a far field illumination distribution, the lamp L may be considered to be located at a point LO, for example, which may coincide with the position of the incandescent filament. If using a spherical coordinate system which is conveniently employed in the geopolitical art, the direction of illumination can be described by elevation, or latitude coordinates θ and azimuth or longitude coordinates φ. However, away from the geopolitical field of art, the altitude or latitude coordinates θ used in this document employ a range of [0 °, 180 °], and θ = 0 ° corresponds to the geopolitical north or “N”. This is convenient because the illumination along the θ = 0 ° direction corresponds to the light traveling forward. The north direction, ie the direction from L0 passing geopolitical north θ = 0 °, is also referred to as the optical axis. Using this notation, θ = 180 ° corresponds to the geopolitical south or “S” and, in the field of illumination, corresponds to the backward directional light. Elevation or latitude θ = 90 ° corresponds to lateral light in geopolitical, horizontal and illumination applications.

Continuing with reference to FIG. 1, for a given altitude or latitude θ, the azimuth or longitude coordinate φ can be defined as perpendicular to the altitude or latitude θ everywhere. The azimuth or longitude coordinate φ has a range of [0 °, 360 °] as in geopolitical notation. At exactly north or south, i.e., θ = 0 ° or θ = 180 ° (along other words along the optical axis), the azimuth or longitude coordinates do not have any meaning and can be considered to fall more precisely. Another particular coordinate includes a plane passing through the optical axis containing the light source (more precisely, for example the L0 point shown in the illustrative example in FIG. 1, the nominal position of the light source for the wave field calculation). Is θ = 90 °. It is typically difficult to have a constant light source intensity across the entire hardness range φ = [0 °, 360 °] because it is easy to construct a light source with rotational symmetry about the optical axis (ie axis θ = 0 °). not. For example, the incandescent light L suitably selects an incandescent filament located at the coordinate center L0, which can be designed to emit a substantially omni-directional light source, so that it is uniform with respect to the azimuth angle φ for any elevation. Provides one illumination distribution. Lamps that provide a uniform illumination distribution with respect to the azimuth angle φ for any altitude are sometimes referred to as providing an axially symmetric light distribution.

However, it is generally not practical to obtain ideal omnidirectional illumination for altitude or latitude coordinates θ. For example, the "A" type incandescent light L is placed on the optical axis behind the light source position L0 and includes an Edison base EB that blocks back illumination, so the incandescent lamp L is in latitude coordinates θ, It does not provide ideal omni-directional light exactly up to θ = 180 °. Nevertheless, commercial incandescent lamps have the same latitude as specified in the proposed Energy Star Standard (second proposal on 9 May 2009; later proposed Energy Star Standard) for integrated LED lamps published by the US Department of Energy. Constant illumination can be provided within about 20% across the range θ = [0 °, 135 °]. Although we are interested in having a uniformity of ± 10%, which is as good as possible in a wider range, such as latitude range θ = [0 °, 150 °], this is generally an acceptable light distribution uniformity for incandescent lamps. Is considered. Although the range of uniformity is less than [0 °, 180 °], even greater latitude ranges (eg about θ = [0 °, 120 °] or preferably about θ = [0 °, 135 °], Preferably such lamps having substantial uniformity for about [theta] = [0 [deg.], 150 [deg.]] Are generally considered omni-directional lamps in the art.

There is interest in developing omni-directional LED replacement lamps that operate as direct "plug-in" replacements for integral incandescent or halogen lamps. However, practical difficulties have so far hindered the development of LED replacement lamps with desirable omnidirectional strength characteristics. One issue is that in comparison with incandescent and halogen lamps, light emitting diode (LED) devices in the photosolid state are inherently highly directional. For example, with or without a capsule, an LED device typically changes with cosine (θ) in a range of θ = [0 °, 90 °] in a straight Lambertian and is greater than θ> 90 °. Emits a spatial intensity distribution with zero intensity. Semiconductor lasers are inherently more directional and, in fact, emit a distribution that is essentially described as a beam of light in a forward direction defined by a narrow cone around θ = 0 °.

Another argument is that unlike incandescent filaments, LED chips or solid state light emitting devices typically cannot be operated efficiently using standard 110V or 220V AC power. In contrast, mounted electronics are typically provided to convert alternating current input power to low voltages modified to drive LED chips. Optionally, even with substantially reduced power efficiency, a series of series of sufficient number of LED chips can operate directly at 110 V or 220 V and parallel with the series with appropriate polarity control (eg zener diode) The device can work at 110 V or 220 V flow. In other cases, the electronic component has an additional configuration of the lamp base compared to the simple Edison base used in integral incandescent or halogen lamps.

Also, heat sinks are an additional debate about omni-directional replacement LED lamps. Heat sinks should be adopted because LED devices are significantly heat sensitive compared to incandescent or halogen filaments. The LED device cannot operate at the temperature of incandescent filaments (the operating temperature should be around 100 ° C. or preferably lower). Lower operating temperatures also reduce the rate of radioactive cooling. In a general approach, the base of the LED replacement lamp additionally includes a significant amount of heat sink material in contact with the LED device (in addition to the Edison base connector and electronics) or in good thermal contact.

The combination of electronics and heat sinks has resulted in a large base that prevents back-directional lighting and thus far has substantially limited the ability to create omni-directional lighting using LED replacement lamps. In particular, the heat sink preferably has a large volume and a large surface area for dissipating heat from the lamp by a combination of convection and radiation.

In some configurations presented herein as an example of illumination, the light emitting device may comprise an LED base light source; Spherical, spheroidal, elliptical, egg-shaped or donut-type diffusers that produce light intensity distribution output in response to illumination inside the diffuser; And a base comprising a base connector. The LED base light source, the diffuser and the base are fixed together as an integrated LED lamp that can be installed in the lighting socket by connecting the base connector with the lighting socket. The base is operatively connected with the LED-based light source in an integrated LED lamp to provide electrical power to the LED-based light source using electrical power received at the base connector.

In some configurations presented herein as an illustrative example, the light emitting device comprises a light assembly, a base connector comprising an LED-based light source that is optically coupled and arranged in contact with a spherical, spheroidal, elliptical, egg shaped or donut diffuser. And a base comprising: providing the electrical power to the LED-based light source using electrical power received at the base connector. The light assembly and the base are fixed together as an integrated LED lamp that connects the base connector and the lighting socket and installs in the lighting socket.

In some configurations presented herein as an illustrative example, the light emitting device comprises a ring comprising an LED-based light source in the form of a ring optically coupled with a donut diffuser and a base connector and using the electrical power received in the base connector to produce the ring. It is configured to electrically power a form of LED-based light source. The light assembly and the base connect together the lighting socket and the base connector as an integrated LED lamp installed in the lighting socket.

The invention may take the form of various components and component arrangements, various operating procedures and operating arrangements. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention.
Figure 1 shows the coordinates used in this document to describe the illumination distribution in relation to the conventional incandescent light.
Figure 2 shows a side view of an omni-directional LED-based lamp employing a planar LED-based Lambertian light source and a spherical diffuser.
FIG. 3 schematically shows the omni-directional LED based lamp of FIG. 2 with a spherical diffuser mounted to show a planar LED based Lambertian light source.
4 illustrates how the omnidirectional LED-based lamps of FIGS. 2 and 3 produce a substantially omnidirectional illumination distribution using ray tracing diagrams.
Figures 5 and 6 adopt the principles of the lamps of Figures 2-4, each showing a side view of two illustrative LED-based lamps including an Edison base that additionally enables installation in conventional incandescent lamp sockets.
7 is a variation in the configuration of FIGS. 2-4 which is a spheroidal spheroidal diffuser having a form in which the light source emits a prolate distorted Lambertian intensity distribution and the diffuser combines with the light source intensity distribution. Shows a side view.
8 is a variation in the configuration of FIGS. 2-4 which is a spheroidal spheroidal diffuser having a shape in which the light source emits oblate distorted Lambertian intensity distributions and the diffuser combines with the light source intensity distributions. Shows a side view.
Figure 9 illustrates the impact of the position of the LED-based light source relative to the spherical diffuser at the blocking angle.
Figure 10 constitutes an impact in the latitude range of light non-uniformity of spherical diffuser diameter ratio for LED-based light source sizes.
FIG. 11 shows a side perspective view of a retrofit LED-based light bulb that is substantially similar to the lamp of FIG. 5 but additionally includes a fin.
FIG. 12 shows the intensity for the latitude of two actual configurations of the readjusted LED-based light bulb of FIG. 11.
13 and 14 diagrammatically show each of the side and projection side of a light source employing the principles described herein with a toroidal diffuser. Figure 14A shows a modified configuration.
Figures 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 show the projection, optional shaded perspective, side, planar and bottom views, respectively, of the LED-based light bulb.
Figures 20 and 21 show the diffuser of the lamp of Figures 15-19 including side and shaded side cross-sectional views respectively showing the interior of the diffuser.
22-23 show side and exploded views, respectively, of a diffuser with fins.
Figures 24, 25 and 26 compare the elliptical deviser and the spherical diffuser of the configurations of Figures 15-23, Figure 25 shows the difference in the incident light length of the elliptical diffuser to the spherical diffuser, and Figure 26 shows the elliptical diffuser Show the scattering distribution of the light coming out.
27 to 30 show an elliptical diffuser configuration to be described further.
31-32 show the lamp configuration of FIGS. 15-23 including additionally selected additional optical configurations.

2 to 3, the LED-based lamp comprises a planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8 and a light transmitting spherical diffuser 10. The planar LED based Lambertian light source 8 is best seen in a partial exploded view of FIG. 3 with the diffuser 10 removed and the planar LED based Lambertian light source 8 tilted. The planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8 includes a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) devices 12, 14, wherein in the illustrated configuration, the plurality of light emitting diode devices have white color and color rendering index (CRI) at a desired color temperature. It has a first LED device 12 and a second LED device 14 having respective spectra and intensities mixed to produce white light. For example, in some configurations the first LED device outputs white light with green brightness (eg, obtained using a blue or purple emitting LED chip coated with a suitable white phosphor) and the second LED device 12 ) Outputs red light (eg, obtained using a gallium arsenide pilsperus (GaAsP) or indium phospho (ALGaInP) or other epitaxy LED chip that naturally emits red light) and the first And the light of the second LED devices 12, 14 are mixed together to produce improved white brightness. On the other hand, the rear LED-based Lambertian light source may be considered to include a single LED device, such as a white LED device or a pure color LED device. The LED devices 12, 14 are mounted on a circuit board 16, which may optionally be a metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB). Optionally, base element 18 is a heat sink 14 that provides a support and is also a thermally conductive material, thereby providing substantial thermal conductivity for absorbing heat of base element 18 LED devices 12, 14. Define.

The light transmitting spherical diffuser 10 described above has a substantially hollow and light emitting spherical surface. In some configurations, spherical diffuser 10 is a glass member, although a diffuser of a light transmissive material such as plastic or other material may be considered. The surface of the diffuser 10 may be inherently light sprayed and may include frosting or other texturing to promote light jetting; Coatings with light spray coatings such as soft white or star coatingsTM (available from General Electric Company, New York, USA) or enamel paint, of the type used as the light spray coating of glass bulbs of some incandescent or fluorescent bulbs; Engraving light jet particles in glass, plastic or other materials of a spherical diffuser; Light spray can be made in a variety of ways, such as in various combinations thereof.

The diffuser 10 also optionally selects a phosphor coated on the spherical surface, for example, which changes the light from the LED to another color, for example converting blue or infrared light from the LED into white light. It may include. In some such configurations the phosphor may be considered to be an element of the diffuser 10. In such a configuration, the phosphor should be a dispersive phosphor. In other contemplated configurations, the diffuser includes additional phosphors, including phosphors, such as frosting, enamel paint, coatings, and the like.

The transmissive spherical diffuser 10 comprises a hole or opening 20 sized to receive or couple the planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8, such that the light emitting major surface of the planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8 is spherical. It is directed inside the diffuser 10 and emits light into the spherical diffuser 10. Since the spherical diffuser is large compared to the planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8, the light source 8 is arranged around the substantially larger spherical diffuser 10. In the example described above, the spherical diffuser 10 has a diameter dD while the planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8 is [or, equivalent to, or coupled to, the apertures or openings 20 to be joined] d _D > d _L. A circular region of phosphorus diameter d _L. The planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8 is mounted in or on a hole or opening 20 having a planar light emitting surface arranged in contact with the curved surface of the spherical diffuser 10. The correct contact state is achieved only when d _L / d _D approaches zero, but the contact state increases as the ratio of d _D / d _L increases, i.e., the planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8 becomes a spherical diffuser. It will fit more and more with decreasing size of (10).

With continued reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 and further to FIG. 4, an LED base lamp may also be described using the spherical coordinate system of FIG. 1 in which a planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8 defines the coordinate system. have. As such, the forward-facing beam of the planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8 along the optical axis is in the north direction (θ = 0 °) where the intensity is highest (where IO is indicated). According to the Lambertian distribution, the intensity decreases (using the spherical coordinates of FIG. 1) with increasing altitude or latitude from the optical axis so that the intensity at latitude θ is I = I ₀ · COS (θ). It should be noted that the LED-based lamps of Figs. 2 to 4 are circularly symmetrical with respect to the optical axis and that there should be no change in intensity in the azimuth or longitude coordinates φ respectively.

With particular reference to FIG. 4, the LED-based lamps of FIGS. 2 to 4 produce omnidirectional illumination in regions where the longitude or latitude range is substantially greater than θ = [0 °, 90 °]. Two points are recognized here. First, with a planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8 placed tangentially to the spherical diffuser 10, the Lambertian illumination output by the planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8 is the total of the spherical diffuser 10. Constant on the (inside) surface On the other hand, the flow rate (lumen / area) of light reflected on the surface of the spherical diffuser 10, which is typically measured in units of lux (lumen / m 2), is the same value at any point of the spherical diffuser 10. As such, the inner surface of the diffuser coincides with the isolux surface of the LED light source. Qualitatively this can be seen as follows. The forward-facing beam of the Lambertian light source has the highest value I ₀ at θ = 0 °; However, also in this part towards a front of the beam having a top coat I ₀ must travel the farthest before incurring the (inner) surface of the spherical diffuser 10. The intensity decreases with the square of the distance so the intensity is proportional to I0 / d _D ² (the exact contact of the surface of the light source 8 with the diffuser 10 is assumed here as a simplification). At any latitude θ, the intensity from the light source is lowered. That is, I ₀ cos (θ). However, the distance d = d _D. is reduced by (θ). As such, the flow rate density at the surface at any latitude θ is proportional to the same constant (I ₀ cos (θ) cos (θ) / (d _D cos (θ)) ^{2 as} at θ = 0. As such, in the case of the distribution of Lambertian intensity emitted by the LED light source, the inner surface of the spherical diffuser having the LED rule placed tangentially to the surface of the spherical diffuser coincides with the surface of the illuminance curve of the intensity distribution of the LED. do.

The second point recognized in this document is that the diffuser 10 (presumed to be ideal light emission) is at any point on the surface that responds to illumination inside the diffuser 10 by the LED-based light source 8. Emits a Lambertian light intensity distribution output. In other words, the light intensity output at any point on the surface of the diffuser 10 responsive to illumination of the interior of the spherical or spheroidal diffuser results in each viewing angle with respect to the diffuser surface where Φ is perpendicular to the point. angle) to increase and decrease at the ratio of cos (Φ). This is illustrated schematically in FIG. 4 by showing a ray tracing diagram for seven linear lights emitted by the planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8. In that each linear light impinges on the light transmitting spherical diffuser 10, it is dispersed to the Lambertian output emitted from the (outer) surface of the spherical diffuser 10. As is known in the optics, surfaces that emit light in a Lambertian distribution appear to have the same intensity (or brightness) regardless of the viewing angle. This means that at each larger viewing angle with respect to the vertical surface, the Lambertian reduction in output intensity is accurately offset by a more perceived viewing angle due to the tilted viewing angle. Since the entire surface of the spherical diffuser 10 is illuminated at the same intensity (the first point stated in the preceding paragraph), the result is that the external observer has a uniform intensity at all viewing angles and a spatially uniform light source on the diffused spherical surface. Observe the spherical diffuser 10 emitting light with brightness.

In a configuration in which the diffuser 10 comprises a wavelength converting phosphor, the phosphor is in a Lambertian (or almost Lambertian) pattern independent of the angle of incidence of the diffusing phosphor, i.e., direct (excited) illumination, as illustrated in FIG. It must be a phosphor that emits wavelength converted light.

The divergence of the phosphor is controlled by parameters such as phosphor layer thickness, phosphor particle size, reflectivity (which affects the performance of the phosphor as a light diffuser) and the like. If the phosphor layer is insufficiently dispersed, the phosphor can be combined with additional dispersing components such as frosting of glass or other kits, including enamel paint layers and the like.

At the same time, the spherical diffuser 10 provides excellent color mixing properties through the light dispersion process without the need for optical bounce or loss of absorption or the need for multiple bounces through additional optical elements. In addition, because the planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8 is smaller than the spherical diffuser 10 (ie, d _D / d _L Must be large), and the rear and shadow are hemispherical diffusers (with a range of d _D / d _L = 1) where the planar LED-based Lambertian light source has a horizontal plane of θ = 90 ° and has the same diameter as the hemisphere diffuser. It is considerably reduced compared to the current design to choose.

The construction of the base 18 also contributes to providing omnidirectional illumination. As shown in Fig. 2, the spherical diffuser 10 illuminated by the LED-based Lambertian base light source 8 can be thought of as generating light diverging from point P0 in terms of far field. In other words, the far field point light source position Po is defined by an omnidirectional light assembly comprising a light source 8 and a diffuser 10. The base 18 may be defined by the largest latitude θ where the latitude blocking angle α _B has a linear field of view at the point Po by blocking some of the backward light. 2 illustrates this point. Within the blocking angle α _B , with respect to the viewing angle, the base 18 provides a substantially large reduction in shadow and illumination intensity. The concept of the latitude cutoff angle αB is useful in far field estimation but is not an accurate calculation. This point is for example seen in FIG. 2 in that the light beam Rs illuminates in the region of the blocking angle α _B. Rays Rs are present only because of the limited size of the spherical diffuser 10 which is approached as a point light source Po in a far field approach. The base also reflects a portion of the backward light without blocking or absorbing the light beam, adds a light distribution in the angular region directly above the blocking angle and directs the reflected light back to the light distribution pattern of the lamp. The shape of the spherical diffuser is slightly deformed near the intersection of the spherical diffuser and the LED light source to adjust the effect on the light distribution pattern by the light reflection from the heat sink and the base surface so that the light pattern in the angle region The uniformity of can be improved.

In the preceding respect, the omnidirectionality of the illumination at large latitude angles appears to depend on the size and geometry of the base 18 which additionally adjusts the size of the blocking angle αB. Although some illumination within the blocking angle α _B can be obtained by enlarging the diameter d _D of the spherical diffuser 10 (e.g., referred to and described as light beam Rs), this diameter is typically Limited by practical considerations. For example, if a reconditioned incandescent light is designed, the diameter d _D of the glomerular spherical diffuser 10 is limited to less than the same size E as the incandescent light being replaced. As shown in Figure 2, a suitable base design has angled sides to substantially match the blocking angle α _B. The base design with the side angled at about blocking angle α _B provides the largest volume for the blocking angle α _B which in turn provides the largest volume for the electronic components and heat sinking mass.

A study of designing LED-based omnidirectional lamps by review and expansion is presented in this document. In the configuration of this presented study, it is arranged to emit a substantially Lambertian distribution of light in half the space, which is 2π steady on the light source 8. The spherical (or more generally elliptical rotating body) distributed light bulb 10 has a small optical input hole 20 to which a small light source is mounted. At each point of the surface of the diffuser bulb 10, the straight illumination is dispersed outside the distributed bulb 10 to produce a substantial Lambertian output light intensity distribution. This provides an appearance that illuminates the surface of the bulb 10 and excludes the rearward direction along the optical axis (θ to 180 °) where the illumination is shaded by the light source 8 by the volume of the heat sink and the electrical device. And a light distribution of nearly constant intensity emitted in 4 [pi] stedians surrounding the bulb in all directions.

Various aspects of such design are considered in turn. The first is a general Lambertian distribution of the light intensity from a typical LED device or LED package, for example a light source 8, so that the light intensity is directed to a light source 8 placed at or near any point on the spherical surface. It becomes substantially constant along the trajectory of the said spherical diffuser 10 provided. The second aspect of the design is to block the Lambertian light distribution pattern with the light diffuser 10, the dispersion of the light diffuser being arranged near the LED light source 8 by placing a spherical or nearly spherical light diffuser LED light source guides illumination along the optical axis (θ = 0) from the light input hole 20 to the opposing point of the spherical diffuser 10 farthest from the light input hole 20, so that the LED light source 8 On or near the surface of the spherical diffuser 10. This arrangement allows the illuminance of light shining over the spherical light diffuser 10 (lumens to surface area) to be approximately constant over the entire (inner) surface of the spherical diffuser 10. The third point is the actual Lambertian dispersion distribution function of the light diffuser 10, so that an almost Lambertian distribution intensity over angle is emitted from each (external) point on the light source 10. This means that the light intensity (lumens per stedian) is almost constant in all directions. In order to keep the first, second, and third details almost ideal, the fourth is that the highest lateral dimension dL of the LED light source 8 is less than the diameter dD of the spherical light diffuser 10. In addition, if the LED light source 8 is relatively very large compared to the spherical diffuser 10, the third point is damaged, otherwise an important part of the potential 4π stadiene that the ideal spherical diffuser emits light is the LED light source. (Or, in other words, if it is too large for the LED light source, it will undesirably block a significant portion of the back light). Fifth, the base 18 should be designed to provide a base volume large enough to minimize the blocking angle α _B and provide adequate heat sink and space for the electrical device.

Referring to Figures 5 and 6, this design configuration is shown to consist of an integrated LED lamp suitable for replacing a conventional incandescent or halogen bulb. Each of the LED-based lamps of FIGS. 5 and 6 includes an Edison-type threaded base connector 30 that is configured to be a direct replacement of the Edison base of a conventional incandescent lamp (more generally the base connector of the incandescent or halogen lamp being replaced). It must be of the same type as the base-for example, if the incandescent or halogen lamp adopts a bayonet base, the Edison base connector 30 is suitably replaced by an indispensable bayonet base connector). The single LED lamp of Figure 5 (or Figure 6) can replace conventional integrated incandescent or halogen lamps without modifying the electrical configuration of the socket and the risk of thermally overloading the socket or its associated hardware. 5 and 6 have respective spherical or spheroidal diffusers 32 and 34 and respective planar LED based light sources 36 and 38 arranged in contact with the bottom portion of each spherical diffuser 32 and 34. It includes. The LED light sources 36, 38 are configured to be in contact with the spherical or spheroidal diffusers 32, 34, respectively, and include an LED device 40. In FIG. 5, the LED based light source 36 includes a small number of LED devices 40 (two shown) and provides a substantial Lambertian intensity distribution combined with the spherical diffuser 32. In Figure 6, the LED-based light source 38 includes a relatively larger number of LED devices 40 (five shown). The light source 38 produces a light output distribution that is a modified Lambertian distribution in that it is relatively more spread out in the plane of the LED-based light source 38 compared to the correct Lambertian distribution. To adjust this deformation from the correct Lambertian distribution, the diffuser 34 of Figure 6 is out of the spheroidal shape, i.e. the perfect sphere. In the illustrative example of FIG. 6, the distorted Lambertian distribution output by the LED-based light source 38 can be described as a Lambertian distribution with spherical distortion and has a spheroidal spheroidal shape. 34) as appropriate. Such adjustment of an inaccurate Lambertian light distribution is further discussed with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

5 and 6, the electronic driver 44 lies between the flat LED light source 36 and the Edison base connector 30 as in FIG. Similarly, as in FIG. 6, the electric driver 46 lies between the flat LED light source 38 and the Edison base connector 30. Electric drivers 44 and 46 are included in respective lamp bases 50 and 52 and each counterweight of each base 50 and 52 (ie, not occupied by each electric device 44 and 46). Portions of the bases 50, 52 of the substrate are preferably made of a heat sinking material to define a heat sink. The electrical drivers 44, 46 are alternating current (e.g., Edison-type in residential and office areas in the United States) housed in the Edison base electrical connector 30 in a form suitable for driving the LED-based light sources 36, 38. Sufficient to convert 110 volt alternating current of the type typically available in the lampholder or 220 volt alternating current or other direct current voltage of the type typically available in Edison type lamp sockets in residential and office areas in Europe. In the example in which the LED light source is configured to operate directly at 110 volt or 220 volt alternating current (eg, if the LED based light source includes a set of LED devices limited to operate directly from alternating current), the electrical driver (44, 46) Is omitted as appropriate.

The bases 50 and 52 are preferably made large to provide a large electrical device volume and to provide a suitable heat sink, but preferably are configured to minimize the blocking angle α _B. In addition, the heat sink is not highly conductive via the Edison base 30, but mainly relies on a combination of convection and radiant heat dissipation to the ambient air. Thus, the heat sinks defined by the bases 50, 52 must have sufficient surface area to promote conductivity and radiant heat dissipation. On the other hand, it should be appreciated that the LED-based light sources 36 and 38 are preferably small diameter due to their tangential placement with respect to the diffusers 32 and 34. Various such considerations are associated with LED-based light sources 36, 38 having approximately the same size as LED-based light sources 36, 38 and having angled sides 54, 56 at approximately the same angle as the cutoff angle α _B. It is accommodated in each base 50, 52 by using a small receiving area or engagement area for the purpose. The angled base side 54, 56 is formed from a LED-based light source 36, 38 and has a cylindrical base portion of sufficient diameter (d _base ) wide enough to accommodate the electronic components 44, 46. It extends to a distance that allows you to meet.

Thus, the base shape design is controlled by the blocking angle α _B which is controlled by the desired latitude range of the substantially omnidirectional illumination. For example, if it is desired to have substantially omni-directional illumination over the range θ = [0 °, 150 °], the blocking angle α _B should not be greater than approximately 30 °, and in some such designs the blocking angle ( α _B ) is about 30 ° to maximize the base size for receiving heat sinking and electronic components. In this alternative method, the light assembly is at least ± 30% (e.g., preferably at least ± 20%, for latitude range θ = [0 °, X], where X is latitude and X≥120 °). More preferably, illumination with a uniformity change of ± 10% or more) is generated. Bases 50 and 52 do not extend into latitude range θ = [0 °, X], but are preferably wide with substantial surface area. This can be accomplished by making the bases 50, 52 with sides 54, 56 lying along latitude X.

In this alternative method, the blocking angle α _B has the smallest base at its connection with the light assembly comprising the diffuser and the LED-based light source and has a sufficient volume for convective and radiant heat sinking and also optionally for the reception of electronic components. It is kept small by ensuring that the cross-sectional area suddenly increases or increases as it is stretched away from the light assembly to provide the surface area. In some embodiments, such as FIGS. 5 and 6, the side portion 54 is formed to have a size approximately equal to that of the LED-based light sources 36 and 38 of the bases 50 and 52 at the connection with the light assembly. 56 is an angle that is approximately equal to the blocking angle α _B to place the maximum volume of heat sinking material adjacent to the LED-based light sources 36 and 38 while adhering to the blocking angle design constraints. To be angled.

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the lamp bases 50, 52 are immediately adjacent to the LED-based light sources 36, 38 between the LED-based light sources 36, 38 and their driving electronics 44, 46. A heat sinking portion. Thus, an electrical path 58 is provided through the heat sinking portion of the base to electrically connect the electronic components 44, 46 and the light sources 36, 38. On the other hand, the electronic components 44 and 46 are immediately adjacent (or optionally extended to include) the Edison base connector 30.

In Figure 7, in some embodiments the light source produces something other than a Lambertian intensity distribution. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7, the light source 100 generates a substantially distorted Lambertian intensity distribution 102. The intensity distribution 102 is Lambertian in that it is strongest in the forward direction (ie along the optical axis or along θ = 0 °) and decreases with an increase in latitude θ with zero intensity for θ ≧ 90 °. Similarity to intensity distribution. However, the intensity distribution 102 is substantially distorted with respect to the true Lambertian distribution in that a substantially large fraction of the overall intensity is inwardly inward, as shown schematically by ray trace in FIG. It is. The form of distortion represented by the Lambertian intensity distribution 102 shown in FIG. 7 is sometimes referred to as temporal distortion. In this embodiment, the ratio d _D / d _L discussed with reference to the spherical diffuser embodiment (e.g., Figures 2-4) is appropriately replaced by the ratio d _PMA / d _L and the d _PMA Is the minor axis of the distorted spheroidal diffuser as shown in FIG.

In another embodiment of FIG. 8, the light source 110 generates a distorted Lambertian intensity distribution 112 with substantial spherical distortion. The substantially spherical distorted Lambertian intensity distribution 112 is distorted with respect to the true Lambertian distribution in that a substantially small fraction of the overall intensity is in the forward direction, as schematically shown by ray tracing in FIG. It is. The spheroidal spheroidal diffuser 114 is arranged to diffuse the obliquely distorted Lambertian intensity distribution 112. In such an embodiment, the ratio d _D / d _L discussed with reference to the spherical diffuser embodiment (e.g., Figures 2-4) is appropriately replaced by the ratio d _OMA / d _L and the d _OMA Is the major axis of the spheroidally distorted spheroidal diffuser as shown in FIG.

Generally, the distortion from an ideally spherical (lambertian) distribution is described as an ellipsoidal shape, such as an elongated spherical spheroidal distribution 102 (FIG. 7) or a flat spherical spheroidal distribution (Fig. 7). 8). The design principles described here are easily adapted to this situation. As an exemplary criterion for the embodiment of FIGS. 2-4, the spherical diffuser 10 is selected because the Lambertian light source 8 illuminates the spherical diffuser 10 uniformly across its entire (inner) plane. . In other words, the spherical diffuser 10 coincides with the illuminance curve of the Lambertian light source 8. Generalizing this observation, it is assured that the entire surface of the diffuser will be illuminated with uniform intensity by the light source, as long as the light diffuser is chosen to match the illuminance surface for the light source. Also, since the diffuser provides Lambertian dispersion as shown by way of example in FIG. 4, the light emitted from each point (outside) of the diffuser surface has a Lambertian distribution. Thus, the final lamp power intensity will be substantially omnidirectional. In the case of the flaky or spherical spheroidal diffuser 104, 114 some deviation from the ideal omnidirectional has been observed due to these shapes deviating from the ideal spherical, but this departure does not deviate too far from the Lambertian distribution. Relatively small for the distribution.

Applying these generalized design principles to the embodiment of Fig. 7, the spherical diffuser 10 of the embodiment of Figs. 2-4 is a spherically distorted Lambertian generated by the light source 100 in the embodiment of Fig. 7 The illuminance of intensity 102 is also replaced by a spherical spheroidal diffuser 104 that matches the surface. Qualitatively, this spherical spheroidal diffuser 104 moves the diffuser surface further away from the light source 100 along the direction of deflection (θ = 0) to increase the direction of the output intensity 102 in the direction of deflection (θ = 0). It can be seen to compensate for the intensity fraction.

In the case of the embodiment of Figure 8, the spherical diffuser 10 of the embodiments of Figures 2-4 is an illuminance surface of the spherically distorted Lambertian intensity 112 generated by the light source 110 in the embodiment of Figure 8. Is replaced by a spheroidal spheroidal diffuser (114). Qualitatively, this spheroidal spheroidal diffuser 114 moves the diffuser surface along the direction of deflection (θ = 0) closer to the light source 110, thereby lowering the direction of the output intensity 112 in the direction of deflection (θ = 0). It can be seen to compensate for the intensity fraction.

In general, it will be appreciated that substantially any surface light source distribution may be similarly accommodated by selecting a diffuser whose surface corresponds to the illuminance of the light source. In practice, the change φ in the azimuth or hardness direction can be accommodated in this same manner by explaining the change φ in the azimuth or hardness direction when defining the illuminance surface. As mentioned above, the light distribution is also affected by secondary factors such as reflections from the base. This secondary distortion can be accommodated by fine adjustment of the diffuser shape. In some embodiments, for example, the light distribution pattern generated by the light source is Lambertian with a very fine spherical distortion, but spherical diffusers with fine spherical distortion are optimized for the secondary effect of base reflection. It is chosen to give an intensity distribution.

As described in some exemplary embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2-8, some other description will be described following the description of the actual reduction for its implementation and characterization.

The omni-directional LED lamp design features are described below. The first design feature relates to the distribution of the intensity of light emitted by the LED light source. The distribution for the most typical LED light source is Lambertian, but there are other distributions for the LED light source, such as distorted Lambertian (eg, FIGS. 7 and 8). The intensity distribution from the LED light source is typically uniform or nearly uniform in the azimuth direction or the length Φ direction (ie, the intensity distribution is expected to be nearly symmetric in the axial direction). Since the first design feature involves identifying the intensity distribution of the LED light source, a transparent diffuser can be configured to match the isolux surface of the LED light source. For Lambertian intensity distribution, the intensity versus latitude angle θ is proportional to cos (θ), where θ is the angle measured from the optical axis as shown in FIG. The ideal Lambertian distribution is uniform in the Φ direction, and the distribution in the Φ direction is always almost uniform for a typical LED light source. The final illuminance surface is spherical. Some typical distortions from an ideal Lambertian distribution include spherical distortions having a relatively high intensity in the forward direction (as shown in FIG. 7) or spherical distortions having a relatively small intensity in the forward direction. (As shown in FIG. 8). The warp-shaped distortion appears as a spheroidal spheroidal illuminance surface, and the spherical distortion appears as a spheroidal spheroidal illuminance surface. In the case of having a relatively large intensity in the forward direction (as shown in FIG. 7, the skewed distortion), the long axis of the spheroid aligns with the optical axis. In the case of having a relatively small intensity in the forward direction (as shown in Fig. 8, spherical distortion), the short axis of the spheroid is aligned with the optical axis.

A second design feature is the construction of a translucent diffuser that matches the illuminance surface. If the intensity distribution of the LED light source is exactly Lambertian, the illuminance surface (and thus diffuser) is spherical, and the ideal position of the light emitting surface of the LED light source is the position in contact with the surface of the spherical diffuser. In physical LED light sources, especially in light sources using multiple LED chips or multiple LED packages, each LED device is typically mounted on a flat circuit board, to enhance the efficiency of light extraction from the LED semiconductor material. LEDs are surrounded individually or in an array with an index-matching substance. In addition, the LED light source is surrounded by reflective, refractive, dispersive, or transmissive optical elements to enhance the uniformity of the light flux or its color from the light engine. To accommodate this spatially elongated LED light source, the exit hole (ie, light output surface) of the LED light source is appropriately disposed in contact with the surface of the diffuser such that the light diffuser receives uniform illuminance.

If the intensity distribution of the LED light source substantially deviates from the pure Lambertian distribution, the light diffuser is positioned so that the illuminance (lumens / area) is constant at all positions on the surface of the diffuser and the emitting surface of the LED light source is in contact with the surface of the diffuser. So that the shape is not exactly spherical but rather matched with the shape of the light intensity distribution. For example, if the intensity distribution 102 of the LED light source 100 is concentrated in a forward lobe (expanded along the optical axis as shown in FIG. 7), the diffuser 104 matches the shape of the intensity distribution. It should be as thin and long along the optical axis as possible.

Although surface diffusers are shown here, volume diffusers can also be used. In a volume diffuser, light diffusion occurs through the volume of the diffuser rather than being concentrated at the surface. In this case, the shape of the diffuser must take into account changes in intensity distribution due to dispersion occurring within the volume of the diffuser.

A third design feature is to provide Lambertian dispersion or nearly Lambertian dispersion by the light diffuser. An ideal Lambertian scatterer appears as an input, with a Lambertian intensity distribution at the output for an input distribution that is possible even in the extreme case of a collimated beam of light. If the input intensity distribution of the light to the diffuser is Lambertian or nearly Lambertian with respect to the optical axis of the LED light source, the function of the diffuser is to convert the intensity distribution to Lambertian with respect to the orthogonal (ie, vertical unit vector) of the diffuser's surface. To redirect to the distribution. Lambertian dispersers or very strong near Lambertian dispersers are generally sufficient to achieve this. Various materials typically used in existing omnidirectional lamps, such as transparent or translucent glass, quartz, ceramics, plastics, paper, composites, or other optically transmissive materials with low light absorption provide Lambertian dispersion or sufficiently strong dispersion. can do. Dispersions may be produced by roughening or frosting the surface of the dispersion medium (eg by chemical etching or mechanical friction or cutting by mechanical tools or lasers, etc.). Also optionally, by dispersing a dispersion coating or paint or laminate applied to the surface, or by suspending the dispersed particles in the medium, or by boundaries or dopants in the medium, or other dispersion mechanisms or combinations thereof. Dispersion may also be produced by

The fourth design feature is to minimize the departure of the actual intensity distribution from the departure of the ideal and uniform isotropic distribution due to the ideal application of the three first features. The principle source of the ideal lamp shape is in the placement of the light source besides exactly contacting each surface with the source of the transparent diffuser. This nonideality can be limited by considering the ratio of the size of the diffuser to the size of the LED light source, for example as described by the ratio d _D / d _L in the embodiment of FIGS. . From the results of the ray tracing model and from the measurements by measurements on prototype lamps to replace incandescent bulbs having lamp diameters of about 2-3 / 8 "or about 60 mm, the model and corresponding prototypes The desired range for is quantified and in the model and corresponding prototype the LED light source has a south pole of the spherical glass bulb having a diameter d _{L in the} range of 10-20 mm and a diameter d _D (ie and a symmetrical array of closely spaced LEDs on a relatively small circular circuit board disposed at θ = 180 ° and coated on its inner surface with a Lambertian injector.

9 and 10, the ratio d _D / d _L mainly determines the range of latitude angles where the intensity distribution remains constant (in Fig. 9, symbol D denotes a planar LED-based Lambertian light source 8). ) dimension (represents the d _D), sign (S) is a ratio (d _D / d _D) in Figure 10 indicates that represents the dimension (d _D) of the diffuser 10 of recognizes appears as D _D / D _L Should be]. As d _L increases and becomes comparable to d _D (and thus more deviates from the exact tangency), the position of the LED light source is horizontal from the south pole of the spherical diffuser (ie by θ = 90 °). Moving away from the defined plane), and the intensity distribution ranges from 0 ° to 180 ° to 0 ° to 90 °. Another way to observe this is for the light source to meet a spherical or spheroidal diffuser at a single point for perfect contact. However, for the light source 8 of fine dimension d _L , the "points" that meet are the chords of length d _L for the spherical or spheroidal diffuser 10. Thus, the length (or vice versa) of the cord d _L to the diameter d _D of the diffuser 10 is an approximation of the ideal contact. For example, if d _D / d _L <1.15, the maximum possible range of uniform intensity distribution is about θ = [0 °, 120 °] or if d _D / d _L <1.15, The maximum possible range is about θ = [0 °, 138 °]. In order to provide uniform intensity over the range of θ = [0 °, 150 °], the ratio should be increased to dD / dL> 2.0. Even with d _D / d _L = 2.0, the intensity distribution is not uniform at an angle approaching 150 ° because the distribution of light is emitted on latitude in the range of 150 ° to 180 ° from the surface of the sphere. This is because of missing contributions. In order to provide a nearly uniform intensity distribution over the 0 ° to 150 ° range, d _D / d _L relies on the dispersion distribution function of the spherical diffuser and is also used with heat spreaders, heat fins, and electronic components. It must exceed 2.0 in an amount that depends on the reflective properties of lamp components placed under the same LED light engine. In practical experiments for LED replacement lamps for incandescent applications, dD / dL> 2.5 is generally found to be suitable for providing an intensity distribution within +/- 10% of average intensity over a range of 0 ° to 150 °. lost. If a uniform distribution is only required for the range 0 ° to 135 °, and / or a large tolerance of +/- 20% is considered acceptable (according to the US Department of Energy proposed by the Energy Star specification), from the Figure 10 dD / dL> 1.41 is required, in the embodiment example, the actual lamp d _d / d _L> 1.6 are preferred.

The fifth design feature is to minimize the influence of the base. At first, people expected this to be achieved by using a small base, but this adversely affected heat sinking, which limited the light output intensity, and also adversely affected the space available for lamp electronics. As described herein, improvements include an LED light source and a spherical or spheroidal diffuser (the base at the junction generally having approximately the same cross-sectional area as a planar LED-based light source), the angle of which is desired for omnidirectional illumination. It has a narrow base at the junction with the lighting assembly having an angled side that is less than or approximately equal to the blocking angle α _B selected based on the maximum range. For example, if the desired latitude range is θ = [0 °, 150 °], the blocking angle α _B should not be less than about 30 °, and in some of these designs the blocking angle maximizes the base size and heatsinks And about 25 ° to accommodate electronic components. The angled side of the base should have an angle of no greater than 30 °, preferably about 25 °, to provide maximum base drop for heat sinking close to the LED-based light source.

5 and 6, the illustrated heat sinking relies on heat transfer from the LED-based light sources 36, 38 to the adjacent bases 50, 52 and the heat defined by the bases 50, 52 for air or other ambient atmosphere. Passive as it is discharged and convection through the surface of the sink. Heat loss by convection and radiation can be achieved by providing additional thermal management devices, such as heat pumps or thermoelectric coolers, or by active cooling, such as the use of fans, synthetic jets, or other means to enhance the flow of cooling air, for example. Can be enhanced by adding In addition, heat loss due to convection and radiation can be enhanced by increasing the surface area of the heat sink. One way to do this is to crease or alter the surface of the base heatsink element (bases 50 and 52 in the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6). Fins or other heat loss elements can be added to the base, but they interfere with the light output if they extend outward beyond the blocking angle α _B.

FIG. 11 shows a variation including the embodiment of FIG. 5 with the addition of a heat loss fin 120 that enhances radiative and convective heat transfer from the base 50 to air or other surrounding atmosphere. In this alternative method, the heat sink of the base 50 is disposed within the latitude blocking angle α _B (in the base 50 in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5 or in the same space of the base 50). And a fin 120 shown above which is in thermal communication with the base heat sink element and extends above the spheroidal diffuser 32 to further enhance heat loss to the atmosphere by convection and radiation. It includes a heat loss element comprising a. That is, heat is transferred from the LED chip of the LED-based light unit 36 located at position 36 'shown in FIG. 11 to the base heat sink element, and heat is transferred to the atmosphere by convection and / or radiation. Conductively deployed to the loss pin 120. The pins 120 of the lamp of FIG. 11 extend at approximately θ = 0 ° in the latitude direction, so that the pins 120 extend well beyond the magnitude of the blocking angle α _B. However, the fin 120 has a substantially limited size in the length [theta] direction, so that the fin 120 does not seriously affect the omnidirectional illumination distribution generated by the lamp of FIG. In other words, each pin lies in the plane of a constant hardness Φ, thereby substantially not adversely affecting the omnidirectional nature of the illumination distribution. In general, as long as the heat loss elements are stretched outward and directed across the surface of the spherical or spheroidal diffuser, they do not substantially adversely affect the omnidirectional nature of the illumination distribution. The fin 120 also takes a shape that is comfortable to the desired shape (ie, outwardly shaped) of the "A" type incandescent light bulb. This outward shape is optional, but may be desirable because the consumer is familiar with conventional "A" type incandescent bulbs. The improved heat sinking provided by the fin 120 allows further reduction in the size of the planar LED-based light source, which enables a design that further enhances the omni-directionality of the output light intensity distribution.

Referring to FIG. 12, an embodiment of the readjusted LED-based lamp comprising six pins 120 and shown in FIG. 11 was fabricated and its longitudinal intensity distribution was measured. In practice, the readjusted LED-based lamps were manufactured according to the A19 lamp standard. The blocking angle α _B was 23 °. Fin 120 has a thickness of 1.5 mm and is aligned to lie within a constant hardness (constant Φ) as shown in FIG. Example 1 (Lamp A) used a G12 enamel lamp globe (commercially available from General Electric Company, New York, USA) as the diffuser, and Example 2 (Lamp B) was sandblasted as the diffuser. A sandblasted 40 mm plastic sphere was used. Both lamps have an Edison base connector 30 as shown in FIG. The far output intensity measured as a function of latitude for the far point light source position Po defined by the omnidirectional light assembly 32, 36 is determined by using a solid line for lamp A and a dashed line for lamp B. 12 is shown. For lamp A using an enamel lamp glove as the diffuser, the intensity at latitude span θ = [0,150 °] was measured at 35 ± 7 cd corresponding to uniformity within ± 20% variation, latitude span θ = [ 0, 135 °] with better uniformity. The azimuth angle Φ was good with about ± 15% intensity change, so omnidirectional illumination for latitude span θ = [0, 150 °] was achieved.

On the other hand, lamp B exhibits substantially poor uniformity with latitude span θ = [0,150 °]. This can contribute to sandblasted plastics that provide inadequate light diffusion. In other words, with reference to FIG. 4, the light emitted from each incident light is not a Lambertian distribution itself as shown in FIG. 4 for lamp B, but rather a strong bias that continues in the direction of the incident light. Has This produces a relatively high fraction of light in the forward (θ = 0 °) direction as shown in FIG. 12 for lamp B. FIG. Another method, improper diffusion provided by the sandblasted plastic of lamp B, does not eliminate the strong forward illumination bias of source light 36 in the case of lamp B.

The illustrated pin 120 or other heat loss element can be easily incorporated into other integrated LED lamps, such as the LED replacement lamp of FIG. The use of these pins facilitates the small connection of the base and the lighting assembly (LED-based light source and spherical or spheroidal diffuser), which facilitates increasing the ratio of dD / dL, so that the latitude span θ = [0, 150 For large spans of latitude angles such as °], it further promotes omni-directionality. Further, by flattening the fins and placing them on a constant hardness (constant Φ) plane, the influence of fins in the hardness direction intensity distribution is small. In general, heat loss elements should extend outwardly away from the surface of the diffuser and be directed across the surface of the diffuser.

In order to achieve high light output intensity, a substantial number of high power LED devices are desirable. However, as more LED devices tend to increase the LED-based light source cross-sectional dimension (d _L ), this increases the ratio of d _D / d _L to provide a wider range of latitude angles where the intensity unevenness remains constant. Conflict with hopes. In addition, the additional heat generated by the high power LED device and a larger number of such devices is too high in some specific embodiments to accommodate the use of active heat sinking.

A linear ramp embodiment is described with reference to the spherical embodiment of Figs. This spherical embodiment can be modified to a straight linear ramp by eliminating rotational symmetry about the north axis (θ = 0 °). In this linear embodiment, Fig. 4 can be observed with a cross section taken along the linear axis of the linear ramp, in which the diffuser 10 is in this variant a cylinder whose cylinder axis traverses the drawing, and the light source 8 is (cylindrical E) an elongated LED-based light source extending parallel to the cylinder axis of the diffuser 10 and disposed in contact with the surface of the (cylindrical) diffuser 10. In this linear ramp variant, the Lambertian light intensity distribution shown in Fig. 4 is only one dimension of Lambertian, that is, Lambertian in the plane of the drawing if the LEDs are properly spaced apart from each other. Thus, the Lambertian intensity generated by the (elongate) LED-based light source 8 is caused by the (cylindrical) diffuser 10 along the cylindrical illuminance surface of the Lambertian intensity output by the (elongate) LED-based light source. Captured appropriately. To provide an isotropic cylindrical light source that is not uniformly illuminated using this embodiment, the LED device 40 is relatively tightly spaced in a direction perpendicular to the drawing, for example, in an amount comparable to the diameter of the diffuser cylinder. Should be.

13 and 14, another embodiment is shown. This embodiment is not a linear lamp but is an LED lamp that includes an Edison base connector 30 that is suitable for replacing an incandescent bulb and facilitates the use of the lamp as a reregulated incandescent bulb. Ring-shaped LED-based light source 150 is disposed on cylindrical former or chimney 152 to emit light outward from the cylindrical former or chimney. This corresponds to taking the linear ramp described herein and surrounding it around the cylinder of chimney 152 to form a ring. The illumination intensity 154 generated by the ring-shaped light source 150 has a Lambertian distribution in a plane orthogonal to the annular path of the ring (as shown in FIG. 13), and thus a circular cross section if the LEDs are properly in close contact with one another. A donut shaped illuminator also has a surface. A donut diffuser 156 having a circular cross section (as shown in detail in FIG. 13) is arranged to match the donut illuminance surface of the illumination intensity 154 (in FIG. 14, the donut diffuser 156 is LED based). It should be appreciated that the schematic representation of the light source 150 is shown schematically in phantom lines.

The ring-shaped LED-based light source 150 is disposed in contact with the inner surface of the donut diffuser 156 and emits its Lambertian illumination intensity in the donut diffuser 156. Since the toroidal diffuser 156 preferably has a Lambertian-diffusion surface as schematically shown in FIG. 13, at each point on the surface the incident illumination 154 is from a point on the surface of the donut diffuser 156. Spread out to produce a radiating Lambertian intensity output pattern. As a result, the lighting assembly including the ring-shaped LED-based light source 150 and the donut diffuser 156 of the circular path cross section generates light omnidirectional in the latitude direction and in the longitudinal direction.

In Figures 13 and 14, the donut diffuser 156 has a circular cross section at any point along its annular path, so the donut diffuser 156 is a true torus. Similar to Figures 7 and 8, if the ring-shaped LED-based light source 150 has its lamppert intensity pattern distorted into a flaky or spherical shape, the circular cross section of the toroidal diffuser 156 may be aligned with the illuminance surface. Correspondingly, they are suitably made either in the form of a flap or in a spherical form.

The chimney 152 shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 has a circular cross section, and the ring-shaped light source 150 follows a circular path accordingly. 14A, in another embodiment chimney 152 has a polygonal cross section, such as a triangular, square, hexagonal, or octagonal cross section (not shown), in which case the ring light source comprises three adjacent flat circuit boards (3). Square), four adjacent flat circuit boards (for squares), six adjacent flat circuit boards (for hexagons), eight adjacent flat circuit boards (for octagons), or generally N adjacent flat circuit boards Follow the corresponding polygonal path (e.g., triangular, square, hexagonal, or octagonal) suitably made of a circuit board (in the case of polygonal chimney cross-section of the N plane). For example, FIG. 14A follows a square path made of chimney 152 'having a square cross section and four circuit boards adjacent at 90 ° to form a square ring coincident with the rectangular cross section of the chimney 152'. An annular light source 150 'is shown. Also, the corresponding donut diffuser 156 '(illustrated again in phantom to represent the light source 150') has approximately four sides, but four in order to facilitate fabrication and smooth light output. (four-cited) rounded transitions between adjacent sides of the donut.

13 and 14, the lamp includes a base 160 that includes or supports a chimney 152 at one end and an Edison base connector 30 at the other end. As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 13, base 160 holds electronic component 162 including electronic components that operate ring-shaped LED-based light source 150 to emit illumination 154. As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 13, the chimney 152 is hollow and has a heat sink used as a coolant circulation fan 166 disposed inside the chimney 152. As shown in FIG. The electronic component 162 drives the coolant circulation fan 166. Fan 166 drives circulating air 168 through chimney 152 in proximity to ring-shaped LED-based light source 150 to cool ring-shaped light source 150. Optionally, heat loss elements 170, such as fins, fins, etc., extend from the ring-shaped LED-based light source 150 into the interior of the hollow chimney 152 to further promote active cooling of the light source. May be Optionally, chimneys may include an inlet 172 (see FIG. 14) to facilitate the flow of circulating air 168.

The active heat sinking provided by the coolant fan 166 can be achieved by, for example, making the chimney out of metal or other conductive material, optionally adding fins, fins, or other features that increase its surface area. It may be replaced by passive cooling. In another embodiment, chimneys can be replaced with heat pipes of similar size having "cooling" ends disposed in metal slugs held in base 160. Conversely, in the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6, the illustrated passive heat sinking may optionally be replaced with active heat sinking using a fan or the like. Also, in these embodiments the base heat sink element is considered to be a heat sink element such as a cooling fan or another type of heat sink element such as a heat pipe.

The lamp shown in Figs. 13 and 14 is an integrated LED replacement lamp that can be installed in the lighting socket by connecting the base connector 30 with a lighting socket (not shown). The integrated LED replacement lamp of FIGS. 13 and 14 is a self-retained omni-directional LED replacement lamp that does not depend on a socket for heat sinking, and is provided with 110V or 220V alternating current, or 12V supplied from the lamp socket via Edison base connector 30. Or by direct current of 24V or other voltage.

In order to achieve omnidirectional illumination for a wide latitude span, such as latitude span θ = [0, 150 °], the base 160 is considerably narrow as in the case of the cylindrical base 160 shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. desirable. Active heat sinking through the fan 166 and the hollow chimney 152 facilitates significantly narrowing the base 160 while providing adequate heat loss. 13 also shows that the donut diffuser 156 extends outward in a plane transverse to the axis of the cylindrical chimney 152 which further facilitates illumination at a wide angle, for example an angle approaching θ = 180 °. Doing.

The LED replacement lamps of FIGS. 13 and 14 (along with the optional variant as shown in FIG. 14A) are particularly suitable for reconditioning high watt incandescent bulbs, such as 60 W to 100 W or higher range incandescent bulbs. The operation of the active cooling fan 166 allows for heat transfer and heat loss at levels of tens of watts to enable the use of high power LED devices that operate with a drive current of several amps of amperage, while active heat sinking is enabled. It is expected to use about 1 to several watts or less (which can be ignored for these high wattage lamps). The cooling of the lamp of FIGS. 13 and 14 does not depend solely on thermal conduction through the Edison base connector 30 into the lamp socket, so that the LED replacement lamps of FIGS. 13 and 14 provide thermal loading of the socket or adjacent hardware. It can be used in any standard threaded light socket without concern. In addition, the donut arrangement of the light assembly facilitates the use of a greater number of LEDs by deploying the LEDs along the ring-shaped path of the ring-shaped light source 150.

15-30 illustrate some other embodiments for forming and placing a diffuser for the LED-based light source of the integrated LED lamp to provide uniform omnidirectional illumination from the LED-based light source. These embodiments consider the selective effect of heat sinking fans.

15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 show exemplary embodiments of one lamp embodiment suitable for use as an LED-based light bulb. The lamp includes a diffuser 200, a finned heat sink 202, and a base 204 (in the illustrated embodiment, an Edison base, but a GU, Bayernet type, or other type of base is also contemplated). 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 show a perspective view, another perspective view, a side view, a top view, and a bottom view, respectively. 20, 21, and 22 show side views of the diffuser 200, side cross-sectional views of the diffuser 200 in which the interior 206 is shown, and side views of the diffuser 200 with fins 202, respectively. The fin is part of the heat sink and extends over a portion of the elliptical diffuser 200. In addition, the heat sink converts the AC 110V input power (or 220V AC, or otherwise selected input power) into a power conditioning electronic component that converts the light into power suitable for driving an LED that inputs light into the aperture 210 of the diffuser 200 ( And a body portion 208 to receive the same).

As named in FIG. 20, the diffuser 200 has an ellipse shape with a single axis of symmetry 212, which is along an altitude or latitude coordinate (θ = 0) corresponding to "geographic north" or "N". (See FIG. 1 and related text for another description of an example coordinate system using altitude or latitude coordinates [theta]). The elliptical diffuser 200 has rotational symmetry around the axis of symmetry 212. In some embodiments, the rotational symmetry is continuous, ie, the diffuser cross section crossing the axis of symmetry is circular (as shown). In another embodiment, the rotationally symmetric part of the elliptical diffuser is an N-fold, i.e., the elliptical diffuser cross section crossing the axis of symmetry (by some exemplary embodiments) hexagonal (N = 6) or octagonal (N = 8) and the like, and may optionally be rounded at N vertices. N-fold symmetry with low N values has the disadvantage of potentially introducing N-fold deformations for azimuth or longitude (ie, coordinates Φ as defined herein with reference to FIG. 1). However, the use of N-fold symmetry has several advantages in terms of manufacturing and ease of handling and installation of the LED light bulb. Diffuser 200 is referred to herein as an elliptical diffuser even when it has n-fold rotational symmetry. Further, in some N-fold symmetrical diffuser embodiments, the corresponding heat sink has N fins aligned with the N-fold symmetry of the diffuser.

Hole 210 is disposed in the center of axis of symmetry 212 at one end of elliptical diffuser 200 (hole 210 is illustrated in FIG. 20 showing hole 210 along axis of symmetry 212 in some embodiments). As shown, it includes a plurality of sub holes 210 _SUB . For example, each LED device has one sub hole 210 _SUB . In such a case, it should be appreciated that as shown in the illustration, the holes 210 represent or similar to the cumulative or total area covered by these sub holes 210 _SUB ]. The term "hole" refers to an area where light is input into an elliptical diffuser 200 from an LED-based light source (eg, a Lambertian or a nearly Lambertian light source in some embodiments). The aperture 210 is a physical opening that receives or is aligned with the LED-based light source, or may be a transparent window, light diffuser plate, or the like.

As shown in FIG. 21, an exemplary elliptical diffuser 200 includes an elliptical shell 220 having or defining a hollow interior 206. The hollow elliptical diffuser 200 is suitably made of glass, transparent plastic, or the like. Optionally, the elliptical diffuser may be a solid component comprising a light transmissive material such as glass, transparent plastics, and the like. The elliptical diffuser 200 may optionally include a wavelength converting phosphor disposed in or in the diffuser 200 or disposed in the interior 206 of the diffuser 200. The oval shell 220 may be formed by a suitable method such as surface texturing and / or light scattering particles scattered on the material of the oval shell 220, and / or light-dispersing particles disposed on the surface of the oval shell 220, and the like. The light is made to spread well.

20-22, the elliptic diffuser 200 mounts the diffuser 200 to a lamp body (e.g., heat sinks 202 and 208 in an exemplary embodiment as shown in detail in Figure 22). It may optionally include a neck region 222 for that. In the neck region 222, the elliptical diffuser 200 leaves its ellipse. The neck region 222 of some embodiments is recessed into the cavity 224 of the lamp body 208 (see FIGS. 22 and 23) and thus emits no light (or heat sink lamp body 208). Absorbs light that does not contribute to omnidirectional illumination. Optionally, the neck region may be partially or wholly extended out of the lamp body to be partially or wholly radial to contribute to the omnidirectional illumination.

In FIG. 20, the elliptical diffuser 200 comprises a relatively narrow proximate section of length X along the axis of symmetry 212 and a relatively wide end of length Y along the axis of symmetry 212. FIG. To have an egg shape. By "proximal" and "end" it is meant that the proximal end of length X is relatively closer to the hole 210 and the distal end of length Y is relatively far from the hole 210. Exemplary elliptical diffuser 200 has a maximum diameter D _max that traverses axis of symmetry 212 at the junction or connection of the proximal and distal ends or portions of respective lengths X and Y. It is also contemplated that a plane across the maximum diameter D _max (also referred to herein as horizontal plane 230) is disposed above and below the junction or connection of the proximal and distal ends or portions. The intersection of the horizontal plane 230 of the maximum diameter D _max and the axis of symmetry 212 is referred to herein as the origin. In this alternative method the elliptical diffuser 200 has its maximum diameter D _max that traverses the axis of symmetry 212 with respect to the transverse horizontal plane 230 having the origin 232.

The total length of the elliptical diffuser 200 in the direction of the axis of symmetry 212 (ie, along the direction of the axis of symmetry) is X + Y. In some embodiments, the following conditions support X> Y and X + Y> D _max . In the exemplary elliptical diffuser 200, the proximal end of length X has a truncated truncated half-ellipse, while the distal end of length Y has a spheroidal spheroidal shape. In general, X> Y is preferred. In some embodiments X ≧ 1.5 · Y, in some embodiments X ≧ 2 · Y, and in some embodiments X ≧ 3 · Y.

As shown in detail in Figs. 22 and 23, the fins 202 of the heat sinks 202 and 208 do not reenter, as the tips of the fins bend inwards towards the axis of symmetry 212. It means not to lose. By using fins that do not reenter, the elliptical diffuser 200 and heat sinks 202 and 208 can be manufactured and assembled separately. The reentrant fins of the heat sinks 202, 208 are such that the elliptical diffuser 200 fins until the neck 222 engages with the concave cavity 224 of the heat sinks 202, 208. 202 is inserted into the interior. This allows the diffuser 200 and heat sinks 202 and 208 to be manufactured separately and to optimize the elliptical diffuser 200 and its thermal (and optionally light reflecting) characteristics for its lightcasting and light dispersion or dispersion characteristics. There is a manufacturing advantage in that the heat sinks 202 and 208 may be made of different materials in order to be optimal.

Fin 202 produces relatively little optical loss at the distal end relative to the proximal end. Since the fins of the heat sinks 202 and 208 have a substantially limited size in the hardness Φ direction, the fins are not expected to strongly affect the omnidirectional principal distribution in the longitudinal direction. However, the measurements performed by the inventors show that the fin 202 produces some reduction in light output, especially at angles below the horizontal plane 230. Unless limited to any particular principle of operation, these optical losses are believed to be due to light absorption, light scattering, or a combination thereof caused by fins. In addition, the body portion 208 (or more generally the body portion of the lamp) of the heat sinks 202, 208 further limits the amount of omnidirectional illumination below the horizontal plane 230.

24, 25, and 26, the optical losses caused by the fins are mitigated or eliminated by the knitted / spherical design of the elliptical diffuser 200. 24 shows a comparison of the contour of elliptical diffuser 200 with the contour 240 of the ideal spherical diffuser. The elliptical diffuser 200 is a truncated cone-shaped half-ellipse below the horizontal plane 230, and is a spherical semi-elliptic shape above the horizontal plane 230. FIG. 25 shows a comparison of the beam length from the LED array to the surface of the ideal spherical diffuser 240 and the beam length of the elliptical diffuser 200. FIG. 26 shows the identification of a normal angle to the surface of the elliptical diffuser 200. Light scattered from a point on the surface is maximal at an angle orthogonal to the surface if the diffuser is an ideal Lambertian in angular distribution. In FIG. 26 the omnidirectional illumination below horizontal plane 230 is mostly from the proximal end with length X, whereas the distal end with length Y contributes mostly to omnidirectional illumination above horizontal plane 230. Thus, the effect of relatively increasing the length X of the knitted proximal end is to compensate for optical losses below the horizontal plane 230 due to fin 202 and / or body portion 208 of the heat sink. Increase the fraction of light emitted below the horizontal plane 230. For the truncated conical semi-elliptic proximal and spheroidal semi-elliptic distal ends, at least 50% of the total light emitting surface area of the elliptical diffuser 200 is disposed below the horizontal plane 230.

The distal end of the length Y does not relatively affect the light distribution at an angle below the horizontal plane 230. Rather, the oblateness of the elliptical distal end can be adjusted to control the light distribution at an angle above the horizontal plane 230. For example, the flat, spherical distal end of diffuser 200 may enhance light intensity at an angle that is geographically close to north N (ie, θ = 0). The partial degree can be adjusted for other reasons, such as ensuring that the overall length of the light bulb falls within the maximum length specified by the applicable standard (eg, A19 light bulb standard). The total length of the LED light bulb is (1) the length (X + Y) of the ellipsoidal diffuser 200, (2) the length of the body portion 208 of the heat sink along the direction of the symmetry axis 212, and (3) The length of the Edison base 204 along the direction of the axis of symmetry 212. Of course, the length of the Edison base 204 is fixed by applicable electrical connector standards, and the length of the body portion 208 of the heat sink is determined at least in part to accommodate the power conditioning electronics. Thus, the plus length X + Y of the elliptical diffuser 200 is an adjustable main parameter for tuning the overall length of the LED light bulb.

In some embodiments, the geometry of the elliptical diffuser is X + Y> D _max and X> Y. In some embodiments X ≧ 1.5 · Y, in some embodiments X ≧ 2 · Y, and in some embodiments X ≧ 3 · Y. This can also be expressed in terms of surface area ratio. When the surface area of the proximal end of the length (X) is _expressed as A _prox , the surface area of the distal end of the length (Y) is expressed as A _dist , and the total surface area is expressed as A _total , A _prox > A _total > 0.5 In the example, A _prox > A _total > 0.65, and in some embodiments, A _prox > A _total > 0.75. In general, the elliptical diffuser 200 is preferably egg-shaped with a wide distal end that slopes from the hole 210 to a narrow end close to the hole 210. The proximal end is formed frustoconical by hole 210 as shown, but it is also contemplated that the hole is small enough to be negligible or absent for such a truncated cone.

In the diffuser 200, in order to compensate for optical losses due to the heat fin 202 and / or body portion 208 of the heat sink, the distal proximal end of the diffuser 200 is an elliptical diffuser 200. Increase the luminous flux from below the horizontal plane (230). The spherical distal end is adapted to the light distribution at an angle above the horizontal plane 230 and / or in some applications a diffuser 200 (or overall LED) that is enforced by applicable standards such as the ANSI specification for A-19 type light bulbs. Light bulb) is selected to preserve or set the desired overall height. The elliptical diffuser 200 provides a large surface area having an angle orthogonal to the surface at that point below the horizontal plane 230 with respect to a surface area having an angle orthogonal to the surface at that point above the horizontal plane 230. This compensates for the absorption and dispersion of light by the heat fins 202 more substantial to the light emitted below the horizontal plane 230 than the light emitted above the horizontal plane 230.

The elliptical diffuser 200 has a geometric shape in which the distal end of the length Y has an elliptic semi-ellipse while the proximal end of the length X has a truncated cone-shaped half-ellipse. Elliptical diffusers with numerous variations on this shape are expected. Although the shape of the diffuser portion is shown as a portion of the knitted and spherical ellipsoids that are elliptical in FIGS. 24, 25, and 26, the proximal end of the diffuser generally has a maximum diameter (D _max ) in the horizontal plane 230 along the axis of symmetry 212. A diameter or transverse dimension that gradually increases as a function of the distance from the LED light source to reach), the diffuser being the most at the top of the diffuser from the LED light source above the horizontal plane 230 along the axis of symmetry 212. It is characterized by having a gradually increasing diameter or lateral dimension as a function of distance to distant locations. The actual shape of the surface of the proximal and distal ends of the diffuser need not match the shape of the ellipse, which is either spherical or spheroidal, or hemispherical or spherical.

Figures 27, 28, 29, and 30 illustrate some exemplary embodiments of some of these variations. Fig. 27 shows an elliptical diffuser 200a having the same elongated semi-elliptic base end as the diffuser 200, in which the spherical semi-elliptic distal end is replaced by the hemispherical distal end. Fig. 28 shows an elliptical diffuser 200b having the same spherical semi-elliptic distal end as the diffuser 200, but the shape of the proximal end is different. The proximal end of the elliptical diffuser 200b has two portions, a closer portion having a truncated cone-shaped cone of length X1 along the axis of symmetry 212, and an elongated shape of length X2 along the axis of symmetry 212. Is divided into non-close parts. FIG. 29 shows a diffuser 200 having the same (frustrated cone) half-ellipse proximal end and the same spherical semi-elliptic distal end but having a cylindrical shape and height (or thickness) (d _transition ) disposed between the proximal end and distal end. An elliptical diffuser 200c is shown that further includes a transition. In this embodiment, the horizontal plane 230 is suitably replaced by a thin horizontal "slab" having a d _transition . 30 shows an elliptical diffuser 200d with diffuser 200 having a spherical distal end of the same (frustrated) flap-shaped half-ellipse proximal end but not fully spherical semi-elliptic length (Y). As a result, the elliptical diffuser 200d has a sudden discontinuity at the junction or connection of the proximal and distal ends or portions of the respective lengths X and Y in the horizontal plane 230.

Wide latitude range of interest θ = [0 °, θ _max ] (θ _max is 120 °, or 135 °, etc.) (largest latitude angle of interest θ _max Is substantially omni-directional for a lamp, for example, determined by the lighting standard in which the lamp is expected to conform, for example, a properly selected dimension (X, Y, d _max ) (also template geometry Depending on the shape, one or more additional dimensions, such as d _transitions for diffuser 200c, and sub-lengths X1 and X2 for diffuser 200b] and for relatively thinner proximal ends and relatively flatter ends or portions By using one of the diffusers 200, 200a, 200b, 200c, 200d with a particular curvature, it can be obtained for a given LED-based light source by appropriate adjustment of the geometry of the elliptical diffuser. In this way, a lamp is achieved which has a high omnidirectional light output and which is manufactured with a relatively small number of parts. For example, the lamp parts are divided into four main parts: (1) diffuser 200, (2) heat sinks 202 and 208 (heat sink body 208 and fin 202 in a single unit). Suitably formed], (3) an electronic component module, and (4) an optical engine including at least one LED device mounted on a circuit board or other support.

However, depending on the tolerances of the manufacturing process as well as the tolerances specific to the lighting standard to which a particular light engine and lamp conform, it is desirable to use only diffuser 200 to obtain a productive, standard-compliant lamp to achieve omnidirectional lighting distribution. It is difficult. In this case, elliptical diffusers 200, 200a, 200b, 200c, 200d are combined with one or more auxiliary optical components to achieve the desired omnidirectional illumination distribution in a productive and mass production setting.

In Figure 31, an auxiliary optical element is provided in one approach. An exemplary approach is based on the lamps of FIGS. 15-23 and includes an elliptical diffuser 200 and finned heat sinks 202 and 208. 31 schematically illustrates a suitable light engine 250 that includes a circuit board having one or more LED devices (not shown) disposed therein. The secondary optical element includes a reflective or refractive or transmissive light scattering post 252 which extends upwardly from the light engine 250 along the axis of symmetry 212, optionally distant from the light engine 250. Reflective or refractive or transmissive light scattering caps 254 may be included at the ends of the posts 252. In some embodiments, the light engine 250 includes a central mounting hole for securing the light engine 250 to the lamp, in which case to secure (or assist in fixing) the light engine 250 to the lamp. Post 252 may be used as the acting threaded shaft. Light scattering post 252 has the effect of reflecting, refracting, or transmissively distributing some portion of light that is directed at or close to a "north" latitude (ie, θ-0 °) within a wide latitude angle. An optional reflective or refracting or transmissive light dissipation cap 254 additionally distributes this light at a wide angle, particularly at angles greater than 90 °. In embodiments where the assemblies 252, 254 are fastening elements for securing (or helping to secure) the light engine 250, the cap 254 may be part of a bolt head, screwhead or other useful fastener. Works. The sides of the post 252 and / or the cap 254 are shaped to angle or adjust the light distribution.

Figure 32 shows another approach in which the auxiliary optical element is integrated with the light engine. An exemplary approach is again based on the lamps of Figures 15-23, including an elliptical diffuser 200 and finned heat sinks 202, 208, in which one or more LED devices (not shown) are placed. It also includes an optical engine 250 provided with a circuit board having. In addition, in the embodiment of FIG. 32, light engine 250 includes a light scattering remote dome 260 (or may optionally include a lamp) disposed over the LED device of the light engine, optionally light. It may also have an open perimeter fixed to a circuit board of the engine 250. Dome 260 may be filled with air, or partially or wholly filled with silicon or other encapsulant. The dome 260 may optionally be roughened or may be formed to provide optical diffusion and / or optionally include a remote phosphor disposed on the inner or outer surface of the dome or embedded in the material of the dome. have. Some suitable light engines, including one or more LED devices covered by a dome mounted on a circuit board, are described in U.S. Patent No. 7,224,000, issued to Angola et al. US Patent No. 7,800,121 to Anegola et al., US Patent No. 7,479,662 to Soulles et al., Which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and US Publication No. 2008 /, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. It is published in 0054280A1. Some suitable light engines, including one or more LED devices covered by a dome mounted on a circuit board, also include a Vio® high brightness LED light engine commercially available from General Electric Company. Dome 260 provides additional shaping of the light distribution to that provided by elliptical diffuser 200. For example, a light engine comprising one or more Lambertian-emitting LED chips disposed on a flat circuit board has substantially no light intensity at θ = 90 °, whereas a Vio® high brightness LED light engine, in contrast, It has a substantial light intensity distribution at &lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; 90, &lt; / RTI &gt; which cooperates with the elliptical diffuser 200 to provide an omnidirectional illumination distribution close to the ideal omnidirectional distribution.

The auxiliary optical components 252, 254, 260 shown in FIGS. 31 and 32 are exemplary embodiments. One or more of the exemplary auxiliary optical components 252, 254, 260 or other auxiliary optical components can be used to provide exemplary elliptical diffusers 200, 200a, 200b, 200c, to provide an omnidirectional illumination distribution close to the ideal omnidirectional distribution. 200d) or with a spherical or spheroidal diffuser (eg, as shown in FIGS. 5-8 or 11). In other exemplary embodiments, a cap or other additional coating or diffuser may be included to provide additional shaping of the light distribution.

Preferred embodiments are shown and described. Apparently, modifications and variations will occur to the reading and understanding of the above detailed description. It is intended that the present invention cover all such modifications and variations as long as they come within the scope of the appended claims or their equivalents.

8: light source 10: diffuser
12: LED device 16: circuit board
18: base

Claims (16)

LED-based light source,
An elliptical diffuser that generates a light intensity distribution output in response to illumination inside the diffuser,
A light emitting device comprising a base including a base connector,
The diffuser comprises Lambertian disperser particles such that the light intensity distribution is Lambertian, the Lambertian disperser particles are coated or embedded in the outermost region of the elliptical diffuser,
The LED-based light source, the elliptical diffuser and the base are fixed together as an integrated LED lamp installable in the lighting socket by connecting a base connector to the lighting socket,
The base is operably connected with the LED-based light source of the integrated LED lamp to electrically operate the LED-based light source using the power received in the base connector.
Light emitting device. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the elliptical diffuser has a single axis of rotational symmetry. The light emitting device of claim 2, wherein the elliptical diffuser has a continuous or N-fold rotational symmetry with respect to a single axis of rotational symmetry. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the elliptical diffuser is hollow and has a hole disposed at the center of the axis of rotation and the axis of rotation and the LED-based light source is arranged to illuminate the interior of the elliptical diffuser through the hole. Device. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the elliptical diffuser includes a proximal end that is close to the hole and has a length X along the axis of the rotational symmetry and a distal end that is away from the hole and has a length Y along the axis of the rotational symmetry; A light emitting device wherein X≥Y. The light emitting device of claim 5 wherein X ≧ 1.5Y. 7. The elliptic diffuser of claim 1, wherein the elliptical diffuser comprises a proximal end with a first shape close to the aperture and a distal end with a second shape away from the aperture; The light emitting device wherein the first shape and the second shape are different. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 7, wherein the proximal end has a larger surface area than the distal end. 9. The light emitting device of claim 8, wherein the ratio of the surface area of the proximal end to the total light emitting surface area of the diffuser is at least 0.65. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the proximal end has any one of an elongate shape and a truncated conical elongated semi-elliptic shape, and the distal end is a spherical shape, a spherical semi-elliptic shape, a spherical shape and a hemispherical shape. The light emitting device which has either. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the elliptical diffuser has the largest dimension across the axis of symmetry in a horizontal plane or slab disposed between the proximal and distal ends or between the proximal and distal ends. LED-based light source,
A base including a base connector,
A diffuser comprising holes and Lambertian disperser particles, the Lambertian disperser particles being coated or embedded in the outermost region of the diffuser,
A light emitting device comprising:
The base is formed to electrically operate the LED-based light source using power received in the base connector, the LED-based light source is arranged to input light into the light input hole,
The diffuser having a first portion disposed close to the aperture and having an outer surface area and increasing in a direction away from the input hole, and (ii) disposed away from the hole and having an outer surface area A second portion having a decreasing maximum transverse dimension in the direction away from the aperture, and (i) a maximum transverse dimension having an intermediate surface position equal to or exceeding the maximum transverse dimension of the first and second portions; ,
The outer region of the first portion exceeds the outer region of the second portion, wherein the LED-based light source and the base and diffuser shell are fixed together as an integral LED lamp installable in the lighting socket by connecting the base connector to the lighting socket,
Light emitting device. LED-based light source,
A spherical, spheroidal, or donut diffuser, which generates a light intensity distribution output in response to illumination inside the diffuser and comprises Lambertian disperser particles coated or embedded in the outermost region of the diffuser;
A light emitting device comprising a base including a base connector,
The LED-based light source, the diffuser and the base are fixed together as an integrated LED lamp installable in the lighting socket by connecting a base connector to the lighting socket,
The diffuser is formed and disposed with respect to the LED-based light source of the integrated LED lamp to match the illuminance surface of the LED-based light source,
The base is operably connected with the LED-based light source of the integrated LED lamp to electrically operate the LED-based light source using the power received in the base connector.
Light emitting device. An optical assembly comprising an LED-based light source optically connected to and in contact with a spherical or spheroidal diffuser comprising lambertian disperser particles coated or embedded in the outermost region of the diffuser;
A light emitting device comprising a base including a base connector,
The base is configured to electrically operate an LED-based light source using power received in a base connector,
The light assembly and the base are fixed together as an integrated LED lamp installable in the lighting socket by connecting the base connector to the lighting socket,
The diffuser has a shape that is responsive to the LED-based light source within the integrated LED lamp to match the illuminance surface of the LED-based light source such that the entire inner surface of the diffuser includes the same value of flow rate at all points. ,
Light emitting device. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the LED-based light source has a dimension d _L and is disposed in contact with a spherical or spheroidal diffuser, the diameter or major or short axis of the spherical or spheroidal diffuser for the dimension d _L. The ratio is greater than 1.4, the light emitting device. The method of claim 14,
Additionally includes a heat sink,
And the heat sink further comprises a heat dissipation element in thermal communication with the base and extending outwardly from and disposed across the surface of the spherical or spheroidal diffuser.

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